Nouns denoting plants

aalii: a small Hawaiian tree with hard dark wood
abelia: any of various deciduous or evergreen ornamental shrubs of the genus Abelia having opposite simple leaves and cymes of small white or pink or purplish flowers; Asia and Mexico
Abelmoschus esculentus: tall coarse annual of Old World tropics widely cultivated in southern United States and West Indies for its long mucilaginous green pods used as basis for soups and stews; sometimes placed in genus Hibiscus
Abelmoschus moschatus: bushy herb of tropical Asia grown for its yellow or pink to scarlet blooms that resemble the hibiscus
Abies bracteata: a pyramidal fir of southwestern California having spiny pointed leaves and cone scales with long spines
Abies fraseri: small fast-growing but short-lived fir of southern Alleghenies similar to balsam fir but with very short leaves
Abies grandis: lofty fir of the Pacific coast of northwestern America having long curving branches and deep green leaves
Abies lasiocarpa: medium-tall timber tree of the Rocky Mountains having a narrowly conic to columnar crown
Abronia elliptica: plant having heads of fragrant white trumpet-shaped flowers; grows in sandy arid regions
Abronia fragrans: taller than Abronia elliptica and having night-blooming flowers
Abronia latifolia: plant having hemispherical heads of yellow trumpet-shaped flowers; found in coastal dunes from California to British Columbia
Abronia maritima: plant having hemispherical heads of wine-red flowers; found in coastal dunes from California to Mexico
Abronia umbellata: prostrate herb having heads of deep pink to white flowers; found in coastal dunes from British Columbia to Baja California
Abronia villosa: soft-haired sticky plant with heads of bright pink trumpet-shaped flowers; found in sandy desert soil; after ample rains may carpet miles of desert with pink from the southwestern United States to northern Mexico
abruptly-pinnate leaf: a pinnate leaf with a pair of leaflets at the apex
Abutilon theophrasti: tall annual herb or subshrub of tropical Asia having velvety leaves and yellow flowers and yielding a strong fiber; naturalized in southeastern Europe and United States
acacia: any of various spiny trees or shrubs of the genus Acacia
Acacia auriculiformis: Australian tree that yields tanning materials
Acacia cambegei: scrubby Australian acacia having extremely foul-smelling blossoms
Acacia dealbata: evergreen Australasian tree having white or silvery bark and young leaves and yellow flowers
Acacia farnesiana: tropical American thorny shrub or small tree; fragrant yellow flowers used in making perfumery
Acacia melanoxylon: tall Australian acacia yielding highly valued black timber
Acacia pycnantha: shrubby Australian tree having clusters of fragrant golden yellow flowers; widely cultivated as an ornamental
Acacia xanthophloea: African tree supposed to mark healthful regions
Acalypha virginica: weedy herb of eastern North America
Acanthocereus tetragonus: cactus of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico having edible juicy fruit
acanthus: any plant of the genus Acanthus having large spiny leaves and spikes or white or purplish flowers; native to Mediterranean region but widely cultivated
Acanthus mollis: widely cultivated southern European acanthus with whitish purple-veined flowers
accessory fruit: fruit containing much fleshy tissue besides that of the ripened ovary; as apple or strawberry
acellular slime mold: a slime mold of the class Myxomycetes
Acer argutum: small shrubby Japanese plant with leaves having 5 to 7 acuminate lobes; yellow in autumn
Acer campestre: shrubby Eurasian maple often used as a hedge
Acer circinatum: small maple of northwestern North America having prostrate stems that root freely and form dense thickets
Acer macrophyllum: maple of western North America having large 5-lobed leaves orange in autumn
Acer negundo: common shade tree of eastern and central United States
Acer negundo Californicum: maple of the Pacific coast of the United States; fruits are white when mature
Acer pennsylvanicum: maple of eastern North America with striped bark and large two-lobed leaves clear yellow in autumn
Acer platanoides: a large Eurasian maple tree naturalized in North America; five-lobed leaves yellow in autumn; cultivated in many varieties
Acer pseudoplatanus: Eurasian maple tree with pale grey bark that peels in flakes like that of a sycamore tree; leaves with five ovate lobes yellow in autumn
Acer rubrum: maple of eastern and central America; five-lobed leaves turn scarlet and yellow in autumn
Acer saccharinum: a common North American maple tree; five-lobed leaves are light green above and silvery white beneath; source of hard close-grained but brittle light-brown wood
Acer saccharum: maple of eastern and central North America having three-lobed to five-lobed leaves and hard close-grained wood much used for cabinet work especially the curly-grained form; sap is chief source of maple syrup and maple sugar; many subspecies
Acer spicatum: small shrubby maple of eastern North America; scarlet in autumn
acerate leaf: the leaf of a conifer
acervulus: small asexual fruiting body resembling a cushion or blister consisting of a mat of hyphae that is produced on a host by some fungi
achene: small dry indehiscent fruit with the seed distinct from the fruit wall
achillea: any of several plants of the genus Achillea native to Europe and having small white flowers in flat-topped flower heads
Achillea millefolium: ubiquitous strong-scented mat-forming Eurasian herb of wasteland, hedgerow or pasture having narrow serrate leaves and small usually white florets; widely naturalized in North America
Achillea ptarmica: Eurasian herb having loose heads of button-shaped white flowers and long grey-green leaves that cause sneezing when powdered
achimenes: any plant of the genus Achimenes having showy bell-shaped flowers that resemble gloxinias
acinus: one of the small drupes making up an aggregate or multiple fruit like a blackberry
Acocanthera oblongifolia: medium-sized shrubby tree of South Africa having thick leathery evergreen leaves and white or pink flowers and globose usually two-seeded purplish black fruits
Acocanthera oppositifolia: evergreen shrub or tree of South Africa
aconite: any of various usually poisonous plants of the genus Aconitum having tuberous roots and palmately lobed leaves and blue or white flowers
Aconitum lycoctonum: poisonous Eurasian perennial herb with broad rounded leaves and yellow flowers and fibrous rootstock
Aconitum napellus: a poisonous herb native to northern Europe having hooded blue-purple flowers; the dried leaves and roots yield aconite
acorn: fruit of the oak tree: a smooth thin-walled nut in a woody cup-shaped base
acorn cup: cup-shaped structure of hardened bracts at the base of an acorn
acorn squash: squash plant bearing small acorn-shaped fruits having yellow flesh and dark green or yellow rind with longitudinal ridges
Acorus calamus: perennial marsh plant having swordlike leaves and aromatic roots
acrocarp: a moss in which the main axis is terminated by the archegonium (and hence the capsule)
Acrocarpus fraxinifolius: East Indian timber tree with hard durable wood used especially for tea boxes
Acroclinium roseum: flower of southwestern Australia having bright pink daisylike papery flowers; grown for drying
Acrocomia aculeata: tropical American feather palm having a swollen spiny trunk and edible nuts
Acrocomia vinifera: tropical American palm having edible nuts and yielding a useful fiber
acrogen: any flowerless plant such as a fern (pteridophyte) or moss (bryophyte) in which growth occurs only at the tip of the main stem
Acrostichum aureum: stout tropical swamp fern (especially tropical America) having large fronds with golden yellow sporangia covering the undersides
Actaea alba: North American herb with white poisonous berries
Actaea rubra: North American perennial herb with alternately compound leaves and racemes of small white flowers followed by bright red oval poisonous berries
Actinidia arguta: climbing Asiatic vine having long finely serrate leaves and racemes of white flowers followed by greenish-yellow edible fruit
Actinidia deliciosa: climbing vine native to China; cultivated in New Zealand for its fuzzy edible fruit with green meat
Actinidia polygama: ornamental vine of eastern Asia having yellow edible fruit and leaves with silver-white markings
Actinomeris alternifolia: perennial herb with showy yellow flowers; the eastern United States
aculeus: a stiff sharp-pointed plant process
acumen: a tapering point
acuminate leaf: a leaf narrowing to a slender point
Adam's needle-and-thread: yucca with long stiff leaves having filamentlike appendages
Adansonia digitata: African tree having an exceedingly thick trunk and fruit that resembles a gourd and has an edible pulp called monkey bread
Adansonia gregorii: Australian tree having an agreeably acid fruit that resembles a gourd
adder's tongue: ferns with fertile spikes shaped like a snake's tongue
Adenanthera pavonina: East Indian tree with racemes of yellow-white flowers; cultivated as an ornamental
Adenium multiflorum: South African shrub having a swollen succulent stem and bearing showy pink and white flowers after the leaves fall; popular as an ornamental in tropics
Adiantum capillus-veneris: delicate maidenhair fern with slender shining black leaf stalks; cosmopolitan
Adiantum tenerum: tropical American fern with broad pinnae; widely cultivated
Adiantum tenerum farleyense: named for a country house in Barbados where it was discovered
Adlumia fungosa: vine with feathery leaves and white or pinkish flowers; sometimes placed in genus Fumaria
Adonis annua: Eurasian herb cultivated for its deep red flowers with dark centers
adventitious root: root growing in an unusual location e.g. from a stem
aeciospore: spore of a rust fungus formed in an aecium
aecium: fruiting body of some rust fungi bearing chains of aeciospores
Aegiceras majus: an Australian tree resembling the black mangrove of the West Indies and Florida
Aegilops triuncalis: European grass naturalized as a weed in North America; sharp-pointed seeds cause injury when eaten by livestock
Aeonium haworthii: perennial subshrub of Tenerife having leaves in rosettes resembling pinwheels
aerides: any orchid of the genus Aerides
aerophyte: plant that derives moisture and nutrients from the air and rain; usually grows on another plant but not parasitic on it
aeschynanthus: a plant of the genus Aeschynanthus having somewhat red or orange flowers and seeds having distinctive hairs at base and apex
Aeschynanthus radicans: epiphyte or creeping on rocks; Malaysian plant having somewhat fleshy leaves and bright red flowers
Aesculus hippocastanum: tree having palmate leaves and large clusters of white to red flowers followed by brown shiny inedible seeds
Aethusa cynapium: European weed naturalized in America that resembles parsley but causes nausea and poisoning when eaten
Aframomum melegueta: West African plant bearing pungent peppery seeds
African bowstring hemp: bowstring hemp of South Africa
African daisy: shrub of southwestern Mediterranean region having yellow daisylike flowers
African daisy: African or Asiatic herbs with daisylike flowers
African daisy: any of several plants of the genus Arctotis having daisylike flowers
African mahogany: African tree having hard heavy odorless wood
African marigold: a stout branching annual with large yellow to orange flower heads; Mexico and Central America
African sandalwood: small shrubby African tree with hard wood used as a dyewood yielding a red dye
Afrocarpus falcata: medium-sized tree of South Africa
agamete: an asexual reproductive cell
Agapanthus africanus: African plant with bright green evergreen leaves and umbels of many usually deep violet-blue flowers
agaric: a saprophytic fungus of the order Agaricales having an umbrellalike cap with gills on the underside
Agaricus arvensis: coarse edible mushroom with a hollow stem and a broad white cap
Agaricus campestris: common edible mushroom found naturally in moist open soil; the cultivated mushroom of commerce
Agastache foeniculum: much-branched North American herb with an odor like fennel
Agastache mexicana: erect perennial of Mexico having rose to crimson flowers
Agastache nepetoides: erect perennial with stout stems and yellow-green flowers; southern Canada and southeastern United States
Agathis australis: tall timber tree of New Zealand having white straight-grained wood
Agathis dammara: native to the Moluccas and Philippines; a source of dammar resin
Agathis lanceolata: New Zealand tree with glossy leaves and scaly reddish-brown bark
Agathis robusta: Australian timber tree resembling the kauri but having wood much lighter in weight and softer
Agave americana: widely cultivated American monocarpic plant with greenish-white flowers on a tall stalk; blooms only after ten to twenty years and then dies
Agave atrovirens: Mexican plant used especially for making pulque which is the source of the colorless Mexican liquor, mescal
Agave cantala: Philippine plant yielding a hard fibre used in making coarse twine
Agave sisalana: Mexican or West Indian plant with large fleshy leaves yielding a stiff fiber used in e.g. rope
Agave tequilana: Mexican plant used especially for making tequila
Ageratina altissima: American herb having flat-topped clusters of small white flower heads; reputedly a cause of trembles and milk sickness; sometimes placed in genus Eupatorium
ageratum: any plant of the genus Ageratum having opposite leaves and small heads of blue or white flowers
Ageratum houstonianum: small tender herb grown for its fluffy brushlike blue to lavender blooms
aggregate fruit: fruit consisting of many individual small fruits or drupes derived from separate ovaries within a common receptacle: e.g. blackberry; raspberry; pineapple
Aglaomorpha meyeniana: epiphytic fern with large fronds; Taiwan and Philippines
Aglaonema modestum: erect or partially climbing herb having large green or variegated leaves
Agrimonia eupatoria: erect perennial Old World herb of dry grassy habitats
Agrimonia procera: fragrant European perennial herb found at woodland margins on moist soils
agrimonia: a plant of the genus Agrimonia having spikelike clusters of small yellow flowers
Agropyron cristatum: Eurasian grass grown in United States great plains area for forage and erosion control
Agropyron intermedium: Asiatic grass introduced into United States rangelands for pasture and fodder
Agropyron repens: European grass spreading rapidly by creeping rhizomes; naturalized in North America as a weed
Agropyron smithii: valuable forage grass of western United States
Agropyron subsecundum: a wheatgrass with straight terminal awns on the flowering glumes
Agropyron trachycaulum: North American grass cultivated in western United States as excellent forage crop
Agrostemma githago: European annual having large trumpet-shaped reddish-purple flowers and poisonous seed; a common weed in grainfields and beside roadways; naturalized in America
Agrostis nebulosa: Spanish grass with light feathery panicles grown for dried bouquets
Agrostis palustris: common pasture or lawn grass spread by long runners
ailanthus: any of several deciduous Asian trees of the genus Ailanthus
Ailanthus altissima: deciduous rapidly growing tree of China with foliage like sumac and sweetish fetid flowers; widely planted in United States as a street tree because of its resistance to pollution
Ajuga chamaepitys: low-growing annual with yellow flowers dotted red; faintly aromatic of pine resin; Europe, British Isles and North Africa
Ajuga genevensis: upright rhizomatous perennial with bright blue flowers; southern Europe
Ajuga pyramidalis: European evergreen carpeting perennial
Ajuga reptans: low rhizomatous European carpeting plant having spikes of blue flowers; naturalized in parts of United States
Albatrellus dispansus: a rare fungus having a large (up to 14 inches wide) yellow fruiting body with multiple individual caps and a broad central stalk and a fragrant odor
Albatrellus ovinus: a fungus with a whitish often circular cap and a white pore surface and small pores and a white central stalk; found under conifers; edible but not popular
Albizia saman: large ornamental tropical American tree with bipinnate leaves and globose clusters of flowers with crimson stamens and seed pods that are eaten by cattle
albizia: any of numerous trees of the genus Albizia
Albizzia julibrissin: attractive domed or flat-topped Asiatic tree having bipinnate leaves and flowers with long silky stamens
Albizzia lebbeck: large spreading Old World tree having large leaves and globose clusters of greenish-yellow flowers and long seed pods that clatter in the wind
albuca: any of various plants of the genus Albuca having large clusters of pale yellow flowers; South Africa
alder: wood of any of various alder trees; resistant to underwater rot; used for bridges etc
alder: north temperate shrubs or trees having toothed leaves and conelike fruit; bark is used in tanning and dyeing and the wood is rot-resistant
Aldrovanda vesiculosa: floating aquatic carnivorous perennial of central and southern Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia having whorls of 6 to 9 leaves ending in hinged lobes for capturing e.g. water fleas
Aletris aurea: colicroot with yellow-bracted racemose flowers; smaller than Aletris farinosa; southeastern United States
Aletris farinosa: colicroot having a scurfy or granuliferous perianth and white flowers; southeastern United States
Aleuria aurantia: a discomycete with bright orange cup-shaped or saucer-shaped fruiting bodies and pale orange exteriors
Aleurites fordii: Chinese tree bearing seeds that yield tung oil
Aleurites moluccana: large tree native to southeastern Asia; the nuts yield oil used in varnishes; nut kernels strung together are used locally as candles
algarobilla: mesquite pod used in tanning and dyeing
algarroba: long pod containing small beans and sweetish edible pulp; used as animal feed and source of a chocolate substitute
Alisma plantago-aquatica: marsh plant having clusters of small white or pinkish flowers and broad pointed or rounded leaves
allamanda: a plant of the genus Allamanda having large showy funnel-shaped flowers in terminal cymes
Allamanda cathartica: vigorous evergreen climbing plant of South America having glossy leathery foliage and golden yellow flowers
Allegheny chinkapin: shrubby chestnut tree of southeastern United States having small edible nuts
Allegheny mountain spurge: low semi-evergreen perennial herb having small spikes of white or pinkish flowers; native to southern United States but grown elsewhere
alliaceous plant: bulbous plants having a characteristic pungent onion odor
Alliaria officinalis: European herb that smells like garlic
Allionia incarnata: trailing plant having crowded clusters of 3 brilliant deep pink flowers resembling a single flower blooming near the ground; found in dry gravelly or sandy soil; southwestern United States and Mexico
Allium acuminatum: a common North American wild onion with a strong onion odor and an umbel of pink flowers atop a leafless stalk; British Columbia to California and Arizona and east to Wyoming and Colorado
Allium ampeloprasum: coarse Old World perennial having a large bulb and tall stalk of greenish purple-tinged flowers; widely naturalized
Allium canadense: North American bulbous plant
Allium carinatum: Eurasian bulbous plant
Allium cepa: bulbous plant having hollow leaves cultivated worldwide for its rounded edible bulb
Allium cepa aggregatum: type of onion plant producing small clustered mild-flavored bulbs used as seasoning
Allium cepa viviparum: type of perennial onion grown chiefly as a curiosity or for early salad onions; having bulbils that replace the flowers
Allium cernuum: widely distributed North American wild onion with white to rose flowers
Allium fistulosum: Asiatic onion with slender bulbs; used as early green onions
Allium haematochiton: onion with white to deep red tunic; California
Allium neopolitanum: European onion with white flowers
Allium paradoxum: leek producing bulbils instead of flowers; Russia and Iran
Allium porrum: plant having a large slender white bulb and flat overlapping dark green leaves; used in cooking; believed derived from the wild Allium ampeloprasum
Allium sativum: bulbous herb of southern Europe widely naturalized; bulb breaks up into separate strong-flavored cloves
Allium schoenoprasum: perennial having hollow cylindrical leaves used for seasoning
Allium scorodoprasum: European leek cultivated and used like leeks
Allium sphaerocephalum: Old World leek with a spherical bulb
Allium tricoccum: North American perennial having a slender bulb and whitish flowers
Allium triquetrum: European leek naturalized in Great Britain; leaves are triangular
Allium tuberosum: a plant of eastern Asia; larger than Allium schoenoprasum
Allium ursinum: pungent Old World weedy plant
Allium vineale: pungent Old World wild onion
allspice: deciduous shrubs having aromatic bark; eastern China; southwestern and eastern United States
almond oil: pale yellow fatty oil expressed from sweet or bitter almonds
almond tree: any of several small bushy trees having pink or white blossoms and usually bearing nuts
Alnus incana: native to Europe but introduced in America
Alnus maritima: shrub or small tree of southeastern United States having soft light brown wood
Alnus rhombifolia: tree of western United States
Alnus rugosa: common shrub of Canada and northeastern United States having shoots scattered with rust-colored down
Alnus serrulata: common shrub of the eastern United States with smooth bark
Alnus veridis: shrub of mountainous areas of Europe
Alnus veridis crispa: North American shrub with light green leaves and winged nuts
Alocasia macrorrhiza: large evergreen with extremely large erect or spreading leaves; cultivated widely in tropics for its edible rhizome and shoots; used in wet warm regions as a stately ornamental
alocasia: any plant of the genus Alocasia having large showy basal leaves and boat-shaped spathe and reddish berries
aloe: succulent plants having rosettes of leaves usually with fiber like hemp and spikes of showy flowers; found chiefly in Africa
Aloe ferox: much-branched South African plant with reddish prickly succulent leaves
Aloe vera: very short-stemmed plant with thick leaves with soothing mucilaginous juice; leaves develop spiny margins with maturity; native to Mediterranean region; grown widely in tropics and as houseplants
Alopecurus pratensis: stout erect perennial grass of northern parts of Old World having silky flowering spikes; widely cultivated for pasture and hay; naturalized in North America
Alpine enchanter's nightshade: an Alpine variety of enchanter's nightshade
Alpine golden chain: an ornamental shrub or tree of the genus Laburnum
Alpinia galanga: southeastern Asian perennial with aromatic roots
Alpinia officinarum: Chinese perennial with pyramidal racemes of white flowers and pungent aromatic roots used medicinally and as flavoring
Alpinia purpurata: an ornamental ginger native to Pacific islands
Alpinia Zerumbet: cultivated for its shining oblong leaves and arching clusters of white flowers with pink shading and crinkled yellow lips with variegated magenta stripes
Alstonia scholaris: evergreen tree of eastern Asia and Philippines having large leathery leaves and small green-white flowers in compact cymes; bark formerly used medicinally
alstroemeria: any of various South American plants of the genus Alstroemeria valued for their handsome umbels of beautiful flowers
Alstroemeria pelegrina: an Andean herb having umbels of showy pinkish-purple lily-like flowers
Alternanthera philoxeroides: prolific South American aquatic weed having grasslike leaves and short spikes of white flowers; clogs waterways with dense floating masses
althaea: any of various plants of the genus Althaea; similar to but having smaller flowers than genus Alcea
Althea officinalis: European perennial plant naturalized in United States having triangular ovate leaves and lilac-pink flowers
Althea rosea: plant with terminal racemes of showy white to pink or purple flowers; the English cottage garden hollyhock
alumbloom: any of several herbs of the genus Heuchera
alyssum: any garden plant of the genus Alyssum having clusters of small yellow or white flowers
Amanita caesarea: widely distributed edible mushroom resembling the fly agaric
Amanita mappa: agaric often confused with the death cup
Amanita muscaria: poisonous (but rarely fatal) woodland fungus having a scarlet cap with white warts and white gills
Amanita phalloides: extremely poisonous usually white fungus with a prominent cup-shaped base; differs from edible Agaricus only in its white gills
Amanita rubescens: yellowish edible agaric that usually turns red when touched
Amanita verna: fungus similar to Amanita phalloides
amaranth: any of various plants of the genus Amaranthus having dense plumes of green or red flowers; often cultivated for food
amaranth: seed of amaranth plants used as a native cereal in Central and South America
Amaranthus caudatus: young leaves widely used as leaf vegetables; seeds used as cereal
Amaranthus graecizans: bushy plant of western United States
Amaranthus hybridus hypochondriacus: tall showy tropical American annual having hairy stems and long spikes of usually red flowers above leaves deeply flushed with purple; seeds often used as cereal
Amaranthus hypochondriacus: leaves sometimes used as potherbs; seeds used as cereal; southern United States to Central America; India and China
Amaranthus spinosus: erect annual of tropical central Asia and Africa having a pair of divergent spines at most leaf nodes
amaryllis: bulbous plant having showy white to reddish flowers
Amaryllis belladonna: amaryllis of South Africa often cultivated for its fragrant white or rose flowers
Ambrosia artemisiifolia: annual weed with finely divided foliage and spikes of green flowers; common in North America; introduced elsewhere accidentally
Ambrosia psilostachya: coarse perennial ragweed with creeping roots of dry barren lands of southwestern United States and Mexico
Ambrosia trifida: a coarse annual with some leaves deeply and palmately three-cleft or five-cleft
ambrosia: any of numerous chiefly North American weedy plants constituting the genus Ambrosia that produce highly allergenic pollen responsible for much hay fever and asthma
Amelanchier alnifolia: shrub or small tree of northwestern North America having fragrant creamy white flowers and small waxy purple-red fruits
Amelanchier bartramiana: open-growing shrub of eastern North America having pure white flowers and small waxy almost black fruits
ament: a cylindrical spikelike inflorescence
American aloe: tropical American plants with basal rosettes of fibrous sword-shaped leaves and flowers in tall spikes; some cultivated for ornament or for fiber
American angelica tree: small deciduous clump-forming tree or shrub of eastern United States
American arborvitae: small evergreen of eastern North America having tiny scalelike leaves on flattened branchlets
American basswood: large American shade tree with large dark green leaves and rounded crown
American bittersweet: twining shrub of North America having yellow capsules enclosing scarlet seeds
American crab apple: medium-sized tree of the eastern United States having pink blossoms and small yellow fruit
American cranberry bush: deciduous North American shrub or small tree having three-lobed leaves and red berries
American dewberry: North American dewberry
American dog violet: violet of eastern North America having pale violet to white flowers
American featherfoil: a featherfoil of the eastern United States with submerged spongy inflated flower stalks and white flowers
American fly honeysuckle: erect deciduous North American shrub with yellow-white flowers
American gentian: any of various tall perennial herbs constituting the genus Frasera; widely distributed in warm dry upland areas of California, Oregon, and Washington
American grey birch: medium-sized birch of eastern North America having white or pale grey bark and valueless wood; occurs often as a second-growth forest tree
American hellebore: North American plant having large leaves and yellowish green flowers growing in racemes; yields a toxic alkaloid used medicinally
American lotus: water lily of eastern North America having pale yellow blossoms and edible globular nutlike seeds
American maidenhair fern: hardy palmately branched North American fern with divergent recurved branches borne on lustrous dark reddish stipes
American mountain ash: a variety of mountain ash
American oil palm: palm of Central and South America
American pasqueflower: short hairy perennial with early spring blue-violet or lilac flowers; North America and Siberia
American quaking aspen: slender aspen native to North America
American red elder: common North American shrub or small tree
American red plum: wild plum trees of eastern and central North America having red-orange fruit with yellow flesh
American spicebush: deciduous shrub of the eastern United States having highly aromatic leaves and bark and yellow flowers followed by scarlet or yellow berries
American spikenard: unarmed woody rhizomatous perennial plant distinguished from wild sarsaparilla by more aromatic roots and panicled umbels; southeastern North America to Mexico
American star grass: perennial star grass of North America
American sweet chestnut: large tree found from Maine to Alabama
American turkey oak: small slow-growing deciduous shrubby tree of dry sandy barrens of southeastern United States having leaves with bristle-tipped lobes resembling turkey's toes
American watercress: of southwestern Europe; cultivated in Florida
American white birch: small American birch with peeling white bark often worked into e.g. baskets or toy canoes
American white oak: large slow-growing deciduous tree of the eastern United States having stout spreading branches and leaves with usually 7 rounded lobes; yields strong and durable hard wood
American white pine: tall-growing pine of eastern North America; bark is brown with longitudinal fissures when mature; valued as a timber tree
Amianthum muscaetoxicum: all parts of plant are highly toxic; bulb pounded and used as a fly poison; sometimes placed in subfamily Melanthiaceae
ammobium: any plant of the genus Ammobium having yellow flowers and silvery foliage
Ammobium alatum: Australian plant widely cultivated for its beautiful silvery-white blooms with bright yellow centers on long winged stems
amorpha: any plant of the genus Amorpha having odd-pinnate leaves and purplish spicate flowers
Amorpha californica: an erect to spreading hairy shrub of the Pacific coast of the United States having racemes of red to indigo flowers
Amorpha canescens: shrub of sandy woodlands and stream banks of western United States having hoary pinnate flowers and dull-colored racemose flowers; thought to indicate the presence of lead ore
Amorpha fruticosa: dense shrub of moist riverbanks and flood plains of the eastern United States having attractive fragrant foliage and dense racemes of dark purple flowers
amorphophallus: any plant of the genus Amorphophallus
Amorphophallus paeonifolius: putrid-smelling aroid of southeastern Asia (especially the Philippines) grown for its edible tuber
Amorphophallus rivieri: foul-smelling somewhat fleshy tropical plant of southeastern Asia cultivated for its edible corms or in the greenhouse for its large leaves and showy dark red spathe surrounding a large spadix
Amorphophallus titanum: malodorous tropical plant having a spathe that resembles the corolla of a morning glory and attains a diameter of several feet
Amphicarpaea bracteata: vine widely distributed in eastern North America producing racemes of purple to maroon flowers and abundant (usually subterranean) edible one-seeded pods resembling peanuts
amphitropous ovule: a partly inverted ovule turned back 90 degrees on its stalk
amplexicaul leaf: a leaf with its base clasping the stem
Amsinckia grandiflora: annual of the western United States having large coiled flower spikes; a threatened species
Amsinckia intermedia: annual of western United States with coiled spikes of yellow-orange coiled flowers
Amsonia tabernaemontana: subshrubs of southeastern United States forming slow-growing clumps and having blue flowers in short terminal cymes
Amygdalus communis: small bushy deciduous tree native to Asia and North Africa having pretty pink blossoms and highly prized edible nuts enclosed in a hard green hull; cultivated in southern Australia and California
Amygdalus communis amara: almond trees having white blossoms and poisonous nuts yielding an oil used for flavoring and for medicinal purposes
Anacardium occidentale: tropical American evergreen tree bearing kidney-shaped nuts that are edible only when roasted
Anacyclus pyrethrum: a small Mediterranean plant containing a volatile oil once used to relieve toothache
Anadenanthera colubrina: Brazilian shrub having twice-pinnate leaves and small spicate flowers followed by flat or irregularly torulose pods; sometimes placed in genus Piptadenia
Anagallis arvensis: herb with scarlet or white or purple blossoms that close at approach of rainy weather
Anagallis tenella: small creeping European herb having delicate pink flowers
Anagyris foetida: shrub with trifoliate leaves and yellow flowers followed by backward curving seed pods; leaves foetid when crushed
Ananas comosus: a tropical American plant bearing a large fleshy edible fruit with a terminal tuft of stiff leaves; widely cultivated in the tropics
Anaphalis margaritacea: an American everlasting having foliage with soft wooly hairs and corymbose heads with pearly white bracts
Anastatica hierochuntica: small grey Asiatic desert plant bearing minute white flowers that rolls up when dry and expands when moist
anatropous ovule: a completely inverted ovule turned back 180 degrees on its stalk
anchusa: any of various Old World herbs of the genus Anchusa having one-sided clusters of trumpet-shaped flowers
Anchusa capensis: anchusa of southern Africa having blue flowers with white throats
Anchusa officinalis: perennial or biennial herb cultivated for its delicate usually blue flowers
Anchusa riparia: anchusa of southern Africa having blue to red-purple flowers
Andaman redwood: mottled curly-grained wood of Pterocarpus indicus
andelmin: any of several tropical American trees of the genus Andira
Andira inermis: tree with shaggy unpleasant-smelling toxic bark and yielding strong durable wood; bark and seeds used as a purgative and vermifuge and narcotic
androecium: a male gametoecium
andromeda: any of several shrubs of the genus Andromeda having leathery leaves and clusters of small flowers
Andromeda glaucophylla: wiry evergreen shrub having pendent clusters of white or pink flowers; of wet acidic areas in Arctic and Canada to northeastern United States
Andromeda polifolia: erect to procumbent evergreen shrub having pendent clusters of white or pink flowers; of sphagnum peat bogs and other wet acidic areas in northern Europe
Andropogon gerardii: tall grass with smooth bluish leaf sheaths grown for hay in the United States
Andropogon virginicus: tall tufted grass of southeastern United States
andryala: any plant of the genus Andryala having milky sap and heads of bright yellow flowers
Anemia adiantifolia: fern of Florida and West Indies and Central America with rhizome densely clad in grown hairs
Anemone Canadensis: common summer-flowering woodland herb of Labrador to Colorado
Anemone cylindrica: a common North American anemone with cylindrical fruit clusters resembling thimbles
Anemone nemorosa: European anemone with solitary white flowers common in deciduous woodlands
Anemone quinquefolia: common anemone of eastern North America with solitary pink-tinged white flowers
Anemone riparia: thimbleweed of northern North America
Anemone sylvestris: Eurasian herb with solitary nodding fragrant white flowers
Anemone tetonensis: silky-foliaged herb of the Rocky Mountains with bluish-white flowers
anemone: any woodland plant of the genus Anemone grown for its beautiful flowers and whorls of dissected leaves
Anemonella thalictroides: woodland flower native to eastern North America having cup-shaped flowers reminiscent of anemone but more delicate
Anemopsis californica: stoloniferous herb of southwestern United States and Mexico having a pungent rootstock and small spicate flowers with white bracts suggesting an anemone
Anethum graveolens: aromatic Old World herb having aromatic threadlike foliage and seeds used as seasoning
Angelica Archangelica: a biennial cultivated herb; its stems are candied and eaten and its roots are used medicinally
Angelica sylvestris: European herb with compound leaves and white flowers; adventive on Cape Breton Island
angelica: any of various tall and stout herbs of the genus Angelica having pinnately compound leaves and small white or greenish flowers in compound umbels
angiocarp: tree bearing fruit enclosed in a shell or involucre or husk
Angiopteris evecta: highly variable species of very large primitive ferns of the Pacific tropical areas with high rainfall
angiosperm: plants having seeds in a closed ovary
angiospermous tree: any tree having seeds and ovules contained in the ovary
angiospermous yellowwood: any of various angiospermous trees having yellow wood
angostura: the bitter bark of a South American tree; used in medicines and liqueurs and bitters
angrecum: any of various spectacular orchids of the genus Angraecum having dark green leathery leaves and usually nocturnally scented white or ivory flowers
Anigozanthus manglesii: sedgelike spring-flowering herb having clustered flowers covered with woolly hairs; Australia
anise tree: any of several evergreen shrubs and small trees of the genus Illicium
Annona cherimola: small tropical American tree bearing round or oblong fruit
Annona diversifolia: tropical American tree grown in southern United States having a whitish pink-tinged fruit
Annona glabra: small evergreen tree of tropical America with edible fruit; used chiefly as grafting stock
Annona muricata: small tropical American tree bearing large succulent slightly acid fruit
Annona reticulata: small tropical American tree bearing a bristly heart-shaped acid tropical fruit
Annona squamosa: tropical American tree bearing sweet pulpy fruit with thick scaly rind and shiny black seeds
annual: (botany) a plant that completes its entire life cycle within the space of a year
annual salt-marsh aster: a variety of aster
annulus: (Fungi) a remnant of the partial veil that in mature mushrooms surrounds the stem like a collar
Annunciation lily: lily of eastern Mediterranean and the Balkans with broad funnel-shaped white flowers
Anogramma leptophylla: small short-lived fern of Central and South America
Antennaria dioica: low-growing perennial herb having leaves with whitish down and clusters of small white flowers
Antennaria plantaginifolia: North American perennial propagated by means of runners
Anthemis arvensis: European white-flowered weed naturalized in North America
Anthemis cotula: widespread rank-smelling weed having white-rayed flower heads with yellow discs
Anthemis tinctoria: Eurasian perennial herb with hairy divided leaves and yellow flowers; naturalized in North America
anther: the part of the stamen that contains pollen; usually borne on a stalk
Anthericum torreyi: plant having basal grasslike leaves and a narrow open cluster of starlike yellowish-orange flowers atop a leafless stalk; southwestern United States; only species of Anthericum growing in North America
antheridiophore: gametophore bearing antheridia as in certain mosses and liverworts
antheridium: the male sex organ of spore-producing plants; produces antherozoids; equivalent to the anther in flowers
antherozoid: a motile male gamete of a plant such as an alga or fern or gymnosperm
Anthriscus cereifolium: aromatic annual Old World herb cultivated for its finely divided and often curly leaves for use especially in soups and salads
Anthriscus sylvestris: coarse erect biennial Old World herb introduced as a weed in eastern North America
Anthurium scherzerianum: commonly cultivated anthurium having bright scarlet spathe and spadix
anthurium: any of various tropical American plants cultivated for their showy foliage and flowers
Anthyllis barba-jovis: silvery hairy European shrub with evergreen foliage and pale yellow flowers
Anthyllis vulneraria: perennial Eurasian herb having heads of red or yellow flowers and common in meadows and pastures; formerly used medicinally for kidney disorders
Antirrhinum coulterianum: California plant with slender racemes of white flowers
Antirrhinum filipes: southwestern United States plant with yellow flowers on stems that twist and twine through other vegetation
Apalachicola rosemary: small shrub of Apalachicola River area in southeastern United States having highly aromatic pinkish flowers; a threatened species
apetalous flower: flower having no petals
apical placentation: where one or few ovules develop at the top of a simple or compound ovary
Apios americana: a North American vine with fragrant blossoms and edible tubers; important food crop of Native Americans
Apium graveolens: herb of Europe and temperate Asia
Apium graveolens dulce: widely cultivated herb with aromatic leaf stalks that are eaten raw or cooked
Apium graveolens rapaceum: grown for its thickened edible aromatic root
Aplectrum hyemale: North American orchid bearing a single leaf and yellowish-brown flowers
Apocynum androsaemifolium: North American perennial having pinkish flowers in loose cymes; used in folk medicine for pain or inflammation in joints
Apocynum cannabinum: Canadian dogbane yielding a tough fiber used as cordage by Native Americans; used in folk medicine for pain or inflammation in joints
apomict: a plant that reproduces or is reproduced by apomixis
apophysis: (botany) a natural swelling or enlargement: at the base of the stalk or seta in certain mosses or on the cone scale of certain conifers
Aporocactus flagelliformis: commonly cultivated tropical American cactus having slender creeping stems and very large showy crimson flowers that bloom for several days
apothecium: a cuplike ascocarp in many lichens and ascomycetous fungi
apple nut: nutlike seed of a South American palm; the hard white shell takes a high polish and is used for e.g. buttons
apple tree: any tree of the genus Malus especially those bearing firm rounded edible fruits
applewood: wood of any of various apple trees of the genus Malus
apricot: Asian tree having clusters of usually white blossoms and edible fruit resembling the peach
aquatic: a plant that lives in or on water
aquatic fern: ferns that grow in water
aquatic plant: a plant that grows partly or wholly in water whether rooted in the mud, as a lotus, or floating without anchorage, as the water hyacinth
aquilege: a plant of the genus Aquilegia having irregular showy spurred flowers; north temperate regions especially mountains
Aquilegia canadensis: columbine of eastern North America having long-spurred red flowers
Aquilegia scopulorum calcarea: columbine of the Rocky Mountains having long-spurred blue flowers
Aquilegia vulgaris: common European columbine having variously colored (white or blue to purple or red) short-spurred flowers; naturalized in United States
Arabidopsis lyrata: a small noninvasive cross-pollinating plant with white flowers; closely related to Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thaliana: a small invasive self-pollinating weed with small white flowers; much studied by plant geneticists; the first higher plant whose complete genome sequence was described
Arabis Canadensis: North American rock cress having very long curved pods
Arabis turrita: European cress having stiff erect stems; sometimes placed in genus Turritis
Arachis hypogaea: widely cultivated American plant cultivated in tropical and warm regions; showy yellow flowers on stalks that bend over to the soil so that seed pods ripen underground
aralia: any of various plants of the genus Aralia; often aromatic plants having compound leaves and small umbellate flowers
Aralia hispida: bristly herb of eastern and central North America having black fruit and medicinal bark
Aralia nudicaulis: common perennial herb having aromatic roots used as a substitute for sarsaparilla; central and eastern North America
araucaria: any of several tall South American or Australian trees with large cones and edible seeds
Araucaria araucana: large Chilean evergreen conifer having intertwined branches and bearing edible nuts
Araucaria bidwillii: Australian conifer bearing two-inch seeds tasting like roasted chestnuts; among the aborigines the tree is hereditary property protected by law
Araucaria columnaris: very tall evergreen of New Caledonia and the New Hebrides similar to norfolk island pine
Araucaria cunninghamii: pine of Australia and New Guinea; yields a valuable light even-textured wood
Araucaria heterophylla: evergreen of Australia and Norfolk Island in the South Pacific
Araujia sericofera: robust twining shrub having racemes of fragrant white or pink flowers with flat spreading terminal petals that trap nocturnal moths and hold them until dawn
arbor: tree (as opposed to shrub)
arborescent plant: having the shape or characteristics of a tree
arborvitae: any of several Asian and North American conifers of the genera Thuja and Thujopsis
arbutus: any of several evergreen shrubs of the genus Arbutus of temperate Europe and America
Arbutus menziesii: evergreen tree of the Pacific coast of North America having glossy leathery leaves and orange-red edible berries; wood used for furniture and bark for tanning
Arceuthobium pusillum: small herb with scalelike leaves on reddish-brown stems and berrylike fruits; parasitic on spruce and larch trees
archegonium: a female sex organ occurring in mosses, ferns, and most gymnosperms
archespore: primitive cell or group of cells from which a mother cell develops
archil: any of various lecanoras that yield the dye archil
Arctium lappa: burdock having heart-shaped leaves found in open woodland, hedgerows and rough grassland of Europe (except extreme N) and Asia Minor; sometimes cultivated for medicinal and culinary use
Arctium minus: a plant that is ubiquitous in all but very acid soil; found in most of Europe and North Africa
Arctostaphylos alpina: deciduous creeping shrub bright red in autumn having black or blue-black berries; alpine and circumpolar
Arctostaphylos andersonii: erect California shrub having leaves with heart-shaped lobes at the base
Arctostaphylos manzanita: erect treelike shrub forming dense thickets and having drooping panicles of white or pink flowers and red berrylike drupes; California
Arctostaphylos tomentosa: erect openly branched California shrub whose twigs are woolly when young
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi: evergreen mat-forming shrub of North America and northern Eurasia having small white flowers and red berries; leaves turn red in autumn
Arctotis stoechadifolia: bushy perennial of South Africa with white or violet flowers; in its native region often clothes entire valley sides in a sheet of color
Ardisia crenata: shrub with coral-red berries; Japan to northern India
Ardisia escallonoides: tropical American shrub or small tree with brown wood and dark berries
areca: any of several tall tropical palms native to southeastern Asia having egg-shaped nuts
Areca catechu: southeastern Asian palm bearing betel nuts (scarlet or orange single-seeded fruit with a fibrous husk)
Arenaria caroliniana: deep-rooted perennial of southeastern United States
Arenaria groenlandica: boreal or alpine sandwort
Arenaria peploides: perennial succulent herb with small solitary axillary or terminal flowers
Arenaria serpyllifolia: Eurasian annual sprawling plant naturalized throughout North America
Arenaria stricta: low perennial tufted plant of southeastern North America
Arenga pinnata: Malaysian feather palm with base densely clothed with fibers; yields a sweet sap used in wine and trunk pith yields sago
arethusa: any of several bog orchids of the genus Arethusa having 1 or 2 showy flowers
Arethusa bulbosa: a bog orchid with usually a solitary fragrant magenta pink blossom with a wide gaping corolla; Canada
Argemone mexicana: annual herb with prickly stems and large yellow flowers; southern United States to West Indies and Mexico
argemone: any plant of the genus Argemone having large white or yellow flowers and prickly leaves and stems and pods; chiefly of tropical America
Argyroxiphium sandwicense: low-growing plant found only in volcanic craters on Hawaii having rosettes of narrow pointed silver-green leaves and clusters of profuse red-purple flowers on a tall stem
aril: fleshy and usually brightly colored cover of some seeds that develops from the ovule stalk and partially or entirely envelops the seed
Ariocarpus fissuratus: usually unbranched usually spineless cactus covered with warty tubercles and having magenta flowers and white or green fruit; resembles the related mescal; northeastern Mexico and southwestern United States
Arisaema dracontium: early spring-flowering plant of eastern North America resembling the related jack-in-the-pulpit but having digitate leaves, slender greenish yellow spathe and elongated spadix
Arisaema triphyllum: common American spring-flowering woodland herb having sheathing leaves and an upright club-shaped spadix with overarching green and purple spathe producing scarlet berries
Arisarum vulgare: tuberous perennial having a cowl-shaped maroon or violet-black spathe; Mediterranean; Canaries; Azores
Aristolochia clematitis: creeping plant having curving flowers thought to resemble fetuses; native to Europe; naturalized Great Britain and eastern North America
Aristolochia macrophylla: hardy deciduous vine having large leaves and flowers with the calyx tube curved like the bowl of a pipe
Aristolochia serpentaria: birthwort of the eastern United States woodlands
Arizona wild cotton: shrub of southern Arizona and Mexico
Armeria maritima: tufted thrift of seacoasts and mountains of north temperate zone; occasionally grown as a ground cover
Armillaria caligata: fungus with a brown cap and white gills and a membranous ring halfway up the stalk
Armillaria ponderosa: a large white mushroom that develops brown stains as it ages; gills are white; odor is spicy and aromatic; collected commercially for oriental cooking the Pacific Northwest
Armillaria zelleri: a large fungus with viscid cap that dries and turns brown with age; gills are off-white
Armillariella mellea: a honey-colored edible mushroom commonly associated with the roots of trees in late summer and fall; do not eat raw
Armoracia rusticana: coarse Eurasian plant cultivated for its thick white pungent root
arnica: any of various rhizomatous usually perennial plants of the genus Arnica
arnica: used especially in treating bruises
Arnica cordifolia: wildflower with heart-shaped leaves and broad yellow flower heads; of alpine areas west of the Rockies from Alaska to southern California
Arnica montana: herb of pasture and open woodland throughout most of Europe and western Asia having orange-yellow daisylike flower heads that when dried are used as a stimulant and to treat bruises and swellings
Arnoseris minima: small European herb with small yellow flowers
aroid: any plant of the family Araceae; have small flowers massed on a spadix surrounded by a large spathe
aromatic aster: a variety of aster
Arrhenatherum elatius: coarse perennial Eurasian grass resembling oat; found on roadside verges and rough grassland and in hay meadows; introduced in North America for forage
arrow arum: an aquatic plant of the genus Peltandra; North America
arrow leaved aster: a variety of aster
Artemis pontica: European wormwood; minor source of absinthe
Artemis spinescens: a perennial that is valuable as sheep forage in the United States
artemisia: any of various composite shrubs or herbs of the genus Artemisia having aromatic green or greyish foliage
Artemisia abrotanum: shrubby European wormwood naturalized in North America; sometimes used in brewing beer
Artemisia absinthium: aromatic herb of temperate Eurasia and North Africa having a bitter taste used in making the liqueur absinthe
Artemisia annua: wormwood of southeastern Europe to Iran
Artemisia californica: low ashy-grey California shrub
Artemisia campestris: European wormwood similar to common wormwood in its properties
Artemisia dracunculus: aromatic perennial of southeastern Russia
Artemisia filifolia: silver-haired shrub of central and southern United States and Mexico; a troublesome weed on rangelands
Artemisia frigida: silky-leaved aromatic perennial of dry northern parts of the northern hemisphere; has tawny florets
Artemisia ludoviciana: perennial cottony-white herb of southwestern United States
Artemisia stelleriana: herb with greyish leaves found along the east coast of North America; used as an ornamental plant
Artemisia vulgaris: European tufted aromatic perennial herb having hairy red or purple stems and dark green leaves downy white below and red-brown florets
arthrospore: one of a string of thick walled vegetative resting cells formed by some algae and fungi
arthrospore: a body that resembles a spore but is not an endospore; produced by some bacteria
Artocarpus communis: native to Pacific islands and having edible fruit with a texture like bread
Artocarpus heterophyllus: East Indian tree cultivated for its immense edible fruit and seeds
Artocarpus odoratissima: Philippine tree similar to the breadfruit tree bearing edible fruit
arum: starch resembling sago that is obtained from cuckoopint root
Arum maculatum: common European arum with lanceolate spathe and short purple spadix; emerges in early spring; source of a starch called arum
Arum palaestinum: ornamental plant of Middle East cultivated for its dark purple spathe
Arundinaria gigantea: tall grass of southern United States growing in thickets
Arundinaria tecta: small cane of watery or moist areas in southern United States
Arundo donax: large rhizomatous perennial grasses found by riversides and in ditches having jointed stems and large grey-white feathery panicles
Asarum canadense: deciduous low-growing perennial of Canada and eastern and central United States
Asarum europaeum: thick creeping evergreen herb of western Europe
Asarum shuttleworthii: wild ginger having persistent heart-shaped pungent leaves; West Virginia to Alabama
Asarum virginicum: evergreen low-growing perennial having mottled green and silvery-grey heart-shaped pungent leaves; Virginia to South Carolina
asclepiad: any plant of the family Asclepiadaceae
Asclepias albicans: tall herb with leafless white waxy stems and whitish starlike flowers; southwestern United States
Asclepias curassavica: tropical herb having orange-red flowers followed by pods suggesting a swallow with outspread wings; a weed throughout the tropics
Asclepias exaltata: milkweed of the eastern United States with leaves resembling those of pokeweed
Asclepias incarnata: densely branching perennial of the eastern United States with white to crimson or purple flowers
Asclepias meadii: milkweed of central North America; a threatened species
Asclepias purpurascens: perennial of eastern North America having pink-purple flowers
Asclepias speciosa: milkweed of southern North America having large starry purple and pink flowers
Asclepias subverticillata: milkweed of southwestern United States and Mexico; poisonous to livestock
Asclepias tuberosa: erect perennial of eastern and southern United States having showy orange flowers
Asclepias verticillata: milkweed of the eastern United States with narrow leaves in whorls and greenish-white flowers
ascocarp: mature fruiting body of an ascomycetous fungus
ascolichen: a lichen in which the fungus component is an ascomycete
ascoma: an ascocarp having the spore-bearing layer of cells (the hymenium) on a broad disklike receptacle
ascomycete: any fungus of the class Ascomycetes (or subdivision Ascomycota) in which the spores are formed inside an ascus
ascospore: sexually produced fungal spore formed within an ascus
ascus: saclike structure in which ascospores are formed through sexual reproduction of ascomycetes
ash: strong elastic wood of any of various ash trees; used for furniture and tool handles and sporting goods such as baseball bats
ash: any of various deciduous pinnate-leaved ornamental or timber trees of the genus Fraxinus
ash-key: winged seed of the ash tree
Asimina triloba: small tree native to the eastern United States having oblong leaves and fleshy fruit
Aspalathus cedcarbergensis: South African shrub having flat acuminate leaves and yellow flowers; leaves are aromatic when dried and used to make an herbal tea
Asparagus asparagoides: fragile twining plant of South Africa with bright green flattened stems and glossy foliage popular as a floral decoration
Asparagus officinales: plant whose succulent young shoots are cooked and eaten as a vegetable
Asparagus setaceous: a fernlike plant native to South Africa
aspen: any of several trees of the genus Populus having leaves on flattened stalks so that they flutter in the lightest wind
Aspergillus fumigatus: a mold causing aspergillosis in birds and man
Asperula odorata: Old World fragrant stoloniferous perennial having small white flowers and narrow leaves used as flavoring and in sachets; widely cultivated as a ground cover; in some classifications placed in genus Asperula
Asperula tinctoria: creeping European perennial having red or pinkish-white flowers and red roots sometimes used as a substitute for madder in dyeing
asphodel: any of various chiefly Mediterranean plants of the genera Asphodeline and Asphodelus having linear leaves and racemes of white or pink or yellow flowers
Asphodeline lutea: asphodel with leafy stem and fragrant yellow flowers
Aspidistra elatio: evergreen perennial with large handsome basal leaves; grown primarily as a foliage houseplant
Asplenium adiantum-nigrum: spleenwort of Europe and Africa and Asia having pinnate fronds and yielding an astringent
Asplenium billotii: a spleenwort of western Europe
Asplenium montanum: a spleenwort of eastern North America
Asplenium nidus: tropical Old World or Australian epiphytic fern frequently forming tufts in tree crotches
Asplenium pinnatifidum: a spleenwort of eastern and southern United States
Asplenium platyneuron: common North American fern with polished black stripes
Asplenium ruta-muraria: small delicate spleenwort found on a steep slope (as a wall or cliff) of Eurasia and North America
Asplenium trichomanes: small rock-inhabiting fern of northern temperate zone and Hawaii with pinnate fronds
Asplenium viride: a small fern with slim green fronds; widely distributed in cool parts of northern hemisphere
aster: any of various chiefly fall-blooming herbs of the genus Aster with showy daisylike flowers
Aster acuminatus: North American perennial with apparently whorled leaves and showy white purple-tinged flowers
Aster arenosus: common North American perennial with heathlike foliage and small white flower heads
Aster cordifolius: perennial wood aster of eastern North America
Aster divaricatus: rhizomatous perennial wood aster of eastern North America with white flowers
Aster dumosus: stiff perennial of the eastern United States having small linear leaves and numerous tiny white flower heads
Aster ericoides: common much-branched North American perennial with heathlike foliage and small starry white flowers
Aster falcatus: perennial of western North America having white flowers
Aster linarifolius: wiry tufted perennial of the eastern United States with stiff erect rough stems, linear leaves and large violet flowers
Aster macrophyllus: tufted perennial wood aster of North America; naturalized in Europe
Aster novae-angliae: common perennial of eastern North America having showy purplish flowers; a parent of the Michaelmas daisy
Aster novi-belgii: North American perennial herb having small autumn-blooming purple or pink or white flowers; widely naturalized in Europe
Aster ptarmicoides: tufted rigid North American perennial with loose clusters of white flowers
Aster tripolium: a common European aster that grows in salt marshes
Aster turbinellis: violet-flowered perennial aster of central United States having solitary heads
asterid dicot family: family of more or less advanced dicotyledonous herbs and some trees and shrubs
asterid dicot genus: genus of more or less advanced dicotyledonous herbs and some trees and shrubs
astilbe: any plant of the genus Astilbe having compound leaves and showy panicles of tiny colorful flowers
Astilbe biternata: North American astilbe with panicles of creamy white flowers
Astilbe chinensis pumila: mat-forming evergreen Asiatic plant with finely cut leaves and small pink to burgundy flowers; grown as ground cover
Astilbe japonica: a Japanese shrub that resembles members of the genus Spiraea; widely cultivated in many varieties for its dense panicles of flowers in many colors; often forced by florists for Easter blooming
Astragalus alpinus: perennial of mountainous areas of Eurasia and North America
Astragalus danicus: perennial of southern and western Europe having dense racemes of purple or violet flowers
Astragalus glycyphyllos: European perennial
Astrantia major: European herb with aromatic roots and leaves in a basal tuft and showy compound umbels of white to rosy flowers
astrantia: any plant of the genus Astrantia
Astreus hygrometricus: a common species of earthstar widely distributed in sandy soil; the gleba is a pale tan
Astreus pteridis: the largest earthstar; the fruiting body can measure 15 cm across when the rays are expanded
Astronium fraxinifolium: tall tropical American timber tree especially abundant in eastern Brazil; yields hard strong durable zebrawood with straight grain and dark strips on a pinkish to yellowish ground; widely used for veneer and furniture and heavy construction
Athrotaxis selaginoides: evergreen of Tasmanian mountains having sharp-pointed leaves that curve inward
Athyrium distentifolium: a lady fern with deeply cut leaf segments; found in the Rocky Mountains
Athyrium filix-femina: most widely grown fern of the genus Athyrium for its delicate foliage
Athyrium thelypteroides: fern with elongate silvery outgrowths enclosing the developing spores
Atriplex hortensis: Asiatic plant resembling spinach often used as a potherb; naturalized in Europe and North America
Atriplex hymenelytra: handsome low saltbush of arid southwestern United States and Mexico having blue-green prickly-edged leaves often used for Christmas decoration
Atriplex lentiformis: spiny shrub with silvery-scurfy foliage of alkaline plains of southwestern United States and Mexico
Atropa belladonna: perennial Eurasian herb with reddish bell-shaped flowers and shining black berries; extensively grown in United States; roots and leaves yield atropine
Attalea funifera: Brazilian palm yielding fibers used in making ropes, mats, and brushes
Aureolaria pedicularia: multi-stemmed North American annual having solitary axillary dark golden-yellow flowers resembling those of the foxglove; sometimes placed in genus Gerardia
Aureolaria virginica: sparsely branched North American perennial with terminal racemes of bright yellow flowers resembling those of the foxglove; sometimes placed in genus Gerardia
Auricularia auricula: widely distributed edible fungus shaped like a human ear and growing on decaying wood
Australian grass tree: any of several Australian evergreen perennials having short thick woody stems crowned by a tuft of grasslike foliage and yielding acaroid resins
Australian grass tree: stout Australian shrub with narrow leaves crowded at ends of branches and terminal clusters of white or pink flowers
Australian hare's foot: a hare's-foot fern of the genus Davallia
Australian heath: any heathlike plant of the family Epacridaceae; most are of the Australian region
Australian honeysuckle: shrubby tree with silky foliage and spikes of cylindrical yellow nectarous flowers
Australian nettle tree: any of several tall Australian trees of the genus Laportea
Australian pitcher plant: a carnivorous perennial herb having a green pitcher and hinged lid both with red edges; western Australia
Austrocedrus chilensis: a small South American evergreen having coppery bark and pretty foliage
Austrotaxus spicata: large yew native to New Caledonia; cultivated in eastern Australia and New Zealand and Hawaii
autophyte: plant capable of synthesizing its own food from simple organic substances
Avena barbata: oat of southern Europe and southwestern Asia
Avena fatua: common in meadows and pastures
Avena sativa: widely cultivated in temperate regions for its edible grains
Avene sterilis: Mediterranean oat held to be progenitor of modern cultivated oat
avens: any of various perennials of the genus Geum having usually pinnate basal leaves and variously colored flowers
Averrhoa bilimbi: East Indian evergreen tree bearing very acid fruit
Averrhoa carambola: East Indian tree bearing deeply ridged yellow-brown fruit
Avicennia marina: a mangrove of the West Indies and the southern Florida coast; occurs in dense thickets and has numerous short roots that bend up from the ground
Avicennia officinalis: a small to medium-sized tree growing in brackish water especially along the shores of the southwestern Pacific
awn: slender bristlelike appendage found on the bracts of grasses
axil: the upper angle between an axis and an offshoot such as a branch or leafstalk
axile placentation: ovules are borne at or around the center of a compound ovary on an axis formed from joined septa
axis: the main stem or central part about which plant organs or plant parts such as branches are arranged
Ayapana triplinervis: low spreading tropical American shrub with long slender leaves used to make a mildly stimulating drink resembling tea; sometimes placed in genus Eupatorium
Azadirachta indica: large semi-evergreen tree of the East Indies; trunk exudes a tenacious gum; bitter bark used as a tonic; seeds yield an aromatic oil; sometimes placed in genus Melia
azalea: any of numerous ornamental shrubs grown for their showy flowers of various colors
azure aster: a variety of aster
babacu oil: fatty oil from kernels of babassu nuts similar to coconut oil
babassu nut: hard-shelled nut of the babassu palm
Babylonian weeping willow: willow with long drooping branches and slender leaves native to China; widely cultivated as an ornamental
bacca: an indehiscent fruit derived from a single ovary having one or many seeds within a fleshy wall or pericarp: e.g. grape; tomato; cranberry
Baccharis halimifolia: a shrub of salt marshes of eastern and south central North America and West Indies; fruit is surrounded with white plumelike hairy tufts
Baccharis pilularis: widely spreading evergreen shrub of southwestern United States with flower heads in a leafy panicle
Baccharis viminea: California shrub with slender leafy shoots that are important browse for mule deer
balata: when dried yields a hard substance used e.g. in golf balls
Ballota nigra: ill-smelling European herb with rugose leaves and whorls of dark purple flowers
balm of Gilead: medium-sized fir of northeastern North America; leaves smell of balsam when crushed; much used for pulpwood and Christmas trees
balsa: strong lightweight wood of the balsa tree used especially for floats
balsam: any seed plant yielding balsam
balsam of Peru: dark brown syrupy balsam from the Peruvian balsam tree used especially in dressing wounds and treating certain skin diseases
balsam of tolu: aromatic yellowish brown balsam from the tolu balsam tree used especially in cough syrups
balsamroot: a plant of the genus Balsamorhiza having downy leaves in a basal rosette and yellow flowers and long balsam-scented taproots
bamboo: woody tropical grass having hollow woody stems; mature canes used for construction and furniture
bamboo: the hard woody stems of bamboo plants; used in construction and crafts and fishing poles
Bambusa vulgaris: extremely vigorous bamboo having thin-walled culms striped green and yellow; so widely cultivated that native area is uncertain
banana: any of several tropical and subtropical treelike herbs of the genus Musa having a terminal crown of large entire leaves and usually bearing hanging clusters of elongated fruits
baneberry: a poisonous berry of a plant of the genus Actaea
banksia: any shrub or tree of the genus Banksia having alternate leathery leaves apetalous yellow flowers often in showy heads and conelike fruit with winged seeds
Baptisia australis: wild indigo of the eastern United States having racemes of blue flowers
Baptisia lactea: erect or spreading herb having racemes of creamy white flowers; the eastern United States
Baptisia tinctoria: much-branched erect herb with bright yellow flowers; distributed from Massachusetts to Florida
Barbados-gooseberry vine: West Indian woody climber with spiny stems and numerous fragrant white flowers in panicles followed by small yellow to orange fruits
barberry: any of numerous plants of the genus Berberis having prickly stems and yellow flowers followed by small red berries
bark: tough protective covering of the woody stems and roots of trees and other woody plants
barley: cultivated since prehistoric times; grown for forage and grain
barleycorn: a grain of barley
barrel cactus: a cactus of the genus Ferocactus: unbranched barrel-shaped cactus having deep ribs with numerous spines and usually large funnel-shaped flowers followed by dry fruits
barrel cactus: any cactus of the genus Echinocactus; strongly ribbed and very spiny; southwestern United States to Brazil
basal placentation: where one or few ovules develop at the base of a simple or compound ovary
basidiocarp: the fruiting body of a basidiomycete which bears its spores on special cells
basidiolichen: a lichen in which the fungus component is a basidiomycete
basidiomycete: any of various fungi of the subdivision Basidiomycota
basidiospore: a sexually produced fungal spore borne on a basidium
basidium: a small club-shaped structure typically bearing four basidiospores at the ends of minute projections; unique to basidiomycetes
basil: any of several Old World tropical aromatic annual or perennial herbs of the genus Ocimum
bassine: coarse leaf fiber from palmyra palms used in making brushes and brooms
basswood: any of various deciduous trees of the genus Tilia with heart-shaped leaves and drooping cymose clusters of yellowish often fragrant flowers; several yield valuable timber
basswood: soft light-colored wood of any of various linden trees; used in making crates and boxes and in carving and millwork
bast: strong woody fibers obtained especially from the phloem of from various plants
bast: (botany) tissue that conducts synthesized food substances (e.g., from leaves) to parts where needed; consists primarily of sieve tubes
bastard pimpernel: weedy plant having short dry chafflike leaves
Batis maritima: low-growing strong-smelling coastal shrub of warm parts of the New World having unisexual flowers in conelike spikes and thick succulent leaves
Bauhinia monandra: shrub or small tree of Dutch Guiana having clusters of pink flowers streaked with purple
Bauhinia variegata: small East Indian tree having orchid-like flowers and hard dark wood
bay grass: any of various grasses of the genus Eragrostis; specially useful for forage and for the prevention of erosion
bayberry tallow: a fragrant green wax obtained from the wax myrtle and used in making candles
beach grass: tough grasses with strong roots that can grow on exposed sandy shores
beak: a beaklike, tapering tip on certain plant structures
bean: any of various seeds or fruits that are beans or resemble beans
bean tree: any of several trees having seedpods as fruits
bean: any of various leguminous plants grown for their edible seeds and pods
beanstalk: stem of a bean plant
bearberry: chiefly evergreen subshrubs of northern to Arctic areas
beard: a tuft or growth of hairs or bristles on certain plants such as iris or grasses
bearded iris: any of numerous wild or cultivated irises with hairlike structures on the falls (the drooping sepals)
beardless iris: any of numerous wild or cultivated irises having no hairs on the drooping sepals (the falls)
Beaumontia grandiflora: evergreen woody twiner with large glossy leaves and showy corymbs of fragrant white trumpet-shaped flowers
Bechtel crab: derived from the Iowa crab and cultivated for its large double pink blossoms
bedder: an ornamental plant suitable for planting in a flowerbed
bedstraw: any of several plants of the genus Galium
beech fern: any fern of the genus Phegopteris having deeply cut triangular fronds
beech: any of several large deciduous trees with rounded spreading crowns and smooth grey bark and small sweet edible triangular nuts enclosed in burs; north temperate regions
beech: wood of any of various beech trees; used for flooring and containers and plywood and tool handles
beefwood: any of several Australian trees of the genus Casuarina yielding heavy hard red wood used in cabinetwork
beefwood: any of several heavy hard reddish chiefly tropical woods of the families Casuarinaceae and Proteaceae; some used for cabinetwork
beggar lice: Eurasian and North American plants having small prickly nutlets that stick to clothing
beggar lice: any of various tropical and subtropical plants having trifoliate leaves and rough sticky pod sections or loments
beggar's-ticks: any of several plants of the genus Bidens having yellow flowers and prickly fruits that cling to fur and clothing
begonia: any of numerous plants of the genus Begonia grown for their attractive glossy asymmetrical leaves and colorful flowers in usually terminal cymes or racemes
Begonia cheimantha: hybrid winter-blooming begonia grown for its many large pink flowers
Begonia cocchinea: South American fibrous-rooted begonias having prominent basal leaf lobes suggesting angels' wings and racemes of coral-red flowers
Begonia dregei: tuberous or semi-tuberous South African begonia having shallowly lobed ovate leaves and small white flowers
Begonia erythrophylla: rhizomatous begonia with roundish fleshy leaves reddish colored beneath
Begonia heracleifolia: rhizomatous begonia having leaves with pointed lobes suggestive of stars and pink flowers
Begonia rex: any of numerous usually rhizomatous hybrid begonias derived from an East Indian plant having rough-textured leaves patterned in silver and bronze and purple and red-brown with inconspicuous flowers
Begonia semperflorens: hybrid fibrous-rooted begonia having broad-ovate green to bronze-red leaves and small clusters of white or pink or red flowers; widely used as a bedding plant
Begonia socotrana: semi-tuberous begonia having peltate leaves and rose-pink flowers; Yemen
Begonia tuberhybrida: any of numerous hybrid begonias having tuberous roots and variously colored flowers
Belamcanda chinensis: garden plant whose capsule discloses when ripe a mass of seeds resembling a blackberry
bellflower: any of various plants of the genus Campanula having blue or white bell-shaped flowers
Bellis perennis: low-growing Eurasian plant with yellow central disc flowers and pinkish-white outer ray flowers
bellwort: any of various plants of the genus Uvularia having yellowish drooping bell-shaped flowers
bent: grass for pastures and lawns especially bowling and putting greens
Berberis canadensis: deciduous shrub of eastern North America whose leaves turn scarlet in autumn and having racemes of yellow flowers followed by ellipsoid glossy red berries
Berberis thunbergii: compact deciduous shrub having persistent red berries; widespread in cultivation especially for hedges
bergenia: any plant of the genus Bergenia; valued as an evergreen ground cover and for the spring blossoms
Bermuda buttercup: South African bulbous wood sorrel with showy yellow flowers
Bermuda maidenhair fern: delicate endemic Bermudian fern with creeping rootstock
berry: a small fruit having any of various structures, e.g., simple (grape or blueberry) or aggregate (blackberry or raspberry)
Berteroa incana: tall European annual with downy grey-green foliage and dense heads of small white flowers followed by hairy pods; naturalized in North America; sometimes a troublesome weed
Bertholletia excelsa: tall South American tree bearing brazil nuts
Bessera elegans: half-hardy Mexican herb cultivated for its drooping terminal umbels of showy red-and-white flowers
Besseya alpina: small pale plant with dense spikes of pale bluish-violet flowers; of high cold meadows from Wyoming and Utah to New Mexico
Beta vulgaris: biennial Eurasian plant usually having a swollen edible root; widely cultivated as a food crop
Beta vulgaris cicla: beet lacking swollen root; grown as a vegetable for its edible leaves and stalks
Beta vulgaris rubra: beet having a massively swollen red root; widely grown for human consumption
Beta vulgaris vulgaris: beet with a large yellowish root; grown chiefly as cattle feed
betel: a leaf of a vine from the betel pepper
Betula alleghaniensis: tree of eastern North America with thin lustrous yellow or grey bark
Betula lenta: common birch of the eastern United States having spicy brown bark yielding a volatile oil and hard dark wood used for furniture
Betula neoalaskana: Alaskan birch with white to pale brown bark
Betula nigra: birch of swamps and river bottoms throughout the eastern United States having reddish-brown bark
Betula pubescens: European birch with dull white to pale brown bark and somewhat drooping hairy branches
Bidens bipinnata: common bur marigold of the eastern United States
Bidens connata: bur marigold of eastern and northern United States and Canada common in wet pastures and meadows
Bidens trichosperma: North American bur marigold with large flowers
biennial: (botany) a plant having a life cycle that normally takes two seasons from germination to death to complete; flowering biennials usually bloom and fruit in the second season
Bignonia capreolata: woody flowering vine of southern United States; stems show a cross in transverse section
bignoniad: any woody plant of the family Bignoniaceae
bijugate leaf: a pinnate leaf having two pairs of leaflets
billy buttons: any of various plants of the genus Craspedia grown for their downy foliage and globose heads of golden flowers; Australia and New Zealand
bilocular capsule: a capsule divided into two cells or compartments
bindweed: any of several vines of the genera Convolvulus and Calystegia having a twining habit
bipinnate leaf: a leaf having pinnate leaflets; as ferns
birch: hard close-grained wood of any of various birch trees; used especially in furniture and interior finishes and plywood
birch: any betulaceous tree or shrub of the genus Betula having a thin peeling bark
bird cherry: any of several small-fruited cherry trees frequented or fed on by birds
bird's-eye maple: maple wood having a wavy grain with eyelike markings
bird's-nest fungus: any of various fungi of the family Nidulariaceae having a cup-shaped body containing several egg-shaped structure enclosing the spores
Biscutalla laevigata: plant of southeastern Europe having yellow flowers like those of mustard and pods with open valves resembling bucklers
bishop's cap: any of various rhizomatous perennial herbs of the genus Mitella having a capsule resembling a bishop's miter
bitter almond oil: pale yellow essential oil obtained from bitter almonds by distillation from almond cake or meal
bitter cress: any of various herbs of the genus Cardamine, having usually pinnate leaves and racemes of white, pink or purple flowers; cosmopolitan except Antarctic
bitter pea: any of several spiny shrubs of the genus Daviesia having yellow flowers and triangular seeds; Australia
bitterwood tree: any of various trees or shrubs of the family Simaroubaceae having wood and bark with a bitter taste
black catechu: extract of the heartwood of Acacia catechu used for dyeing and tanning and preserving fishnets and sails; formerly used medicinally
black felt cup: a common name for a variety of Sarcosomataceae
black locust: strong stiff wood of a black-locust tree; very resistant to decay
black-eyed pea: fruit or seed of the cowpea plant
black-eyed Susan vine: tropical African climbing plant having yellow flowers with a dark purple center
black-stem spleenwort: fern of tropical America: from southern United States to West Indies and Mexico to Brazil
blackberry: bramble with sweet edible black or dark purple berries that usually do not separate from the receptacle
blackwood: very dark wood of any of several blackwood trees
blackwood: any of several hardwood trees yielding very dark-colored wood
bladder fern: any fern of the genus Cystopteris characterized by a hooded indusium or bladderlike membrane covering the sori
bladderpod: any of several hairy North American herbs having yellow racemose flowers and inflated pods
bladderpod: any of several plants of the genus Physaria having racemose yellow flowers and inflated pods
bladderpod: annual or perennial herbs with inflated seed pods; some placed in genus Lesquerella
bladderwort: any of numerous aquatic carnivorous plants of the genus Utricularia some of whose leaves are modified as small urn-shaped bladders that trap minute aquatic animals
blade: especially a leaf of grass or the broad portion of a leaf as distinct from the petiole
blastomycete: any of various yeastlike budding fungi of the genus Blastomyces; cause disease in humans and other animals
blazing star: any of various North American plants of the genus Liatris having racemes or panicles of small discoid flower heads
Blechnum spicant: fern with erect fronds of Europe and western North America; often cultivated for deer browse
Blephilia celiata: a variety of wood mint
Blephilia hirsuta: a variety of wood mint
bletia: any of various orchids of the genus Bletia having pseudobulbs and erect leafless racemes of large purple or pink flowers
Bletilla striata: Japanese orchid with white-striped leaves and slender erect racemes of rose to magenta flowers; often cultivated; sometimes placed in genus Bletia
Blighia sapida: widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions for its fragrant flowers and colorful fruits; introduced in Jamaica by William Bligh
blister: (botany) a swelling on a plant similar to that on the skin
blood lily: any of various deciduous or evergreen herbs of the genus Haemanthus; South Africa and Namibia
bloodleaf: any plant of the genus Iresine having colored foliage
bloodwort: any of various plants of the family Haemodoraceae; roots contain a deep red coloring matter
bloom: reproductive organ of angiosperm plants especially one having showy or colorful parts
bloomer: a flower that blooms in a particular way
Bloomeria crocea: California plant having grasslike leaves and showy orange flowers
blowball: any of several herbs of the genus Taraxacum having long tap roots and deeply notched leaves and bright yellow flowers followed by fluffy seed balls
blue curls: any of several plants of the genus Trichostema having whorls of small blue flowers
blue fig: the fruit of the Brisbane quandong tree
blue grass: any of various grasses of the genus Poa
Blue Mountain tea: goldenrod of eastern America having aromatic leaves from which a medicinal tea is made
blue-eyed grass: plant with grasslike foliage and delicate blue flowers
blueberry: any of numerous shrubs of the genus Vaccinium bearing blueberries
Bocconia frutescens: small Central American tree having loose racemes of purple-tinted green flowers
bog asphodel: either of two herbaceous rushlike bog plants having small yellow flowers and grasslike leaves; north temperate regions
bog aster: a variety of aster
bog hemp: any of several flowering weeds of the genus Boehmeria lacking stinging hairs
bog moss: any of various pale or ashy mosses of the genus Sphagnum whose decomposed remains form peat
bog plant: a semiaquatic plant that grows in soft wet land; most are monocots: sedge, sphagnum, grasses, cattails, etc; possibly heath
bole: the main stem of a tree; usually covered with bark; the bole is usually the part that is commercially useful for lumber
bolete: any fungus of the family Boletaceae
Boletellus russellii: a fungus with a long coarsely shaggy reticulate stalk and a rimose areolate cap surface
Boletus chrysenteron: a fungus convex cap and a dingy yellow under surface and a dry stalk
Boletus edulis: an edible and choice fungus; has a convex cap that is slightly viscid when fresh and moist but soon dries and a thick bulbous tan stalk
Boletus frostii: a fungus with a red cap and a red coarsely reticulate stalk
Boletus luridus: a poisonous fungus with a dingy yellow cap and orange red undersurface and a cylindrical reticulate stalk
Boletus mirabilis: a fungus that is edible when young and fresh; has a dark brown convex cap with a yellow to greenish under surface and reddish stalk
Boletus pallidus: a fungus that has an off-white cap when it is young but later becomes dingy brown and a stalk of the same color; the under surface of the cap (the tubes) a pale greenish yellow
Boletus pulcherrimus: a beautiful but poisonous bolete; has a brown cap with a scarlet pore surface and a thick reticulate stalk
Boletus pulverulentus: an edible fungus with a broadly convex blackish brown cap and a pore surface that is yellow when young and darkens with age; stalk is thick and enlarges toward the base
Boletus roxanae: a fungus with a rusty red cap and a white pore surface that becomes yellow with age and a pale yellow stalk
Boletus subvelutipes: a fungus with a velvety stalk and usually a dingy brown cap; injured areas turn blue instantly
Boletus variipes: an edible (but not choice) fungus found on soil under hardwoods; has a dry convex cap with whitish under surface and a reticulate stalk
Boletus zelleri: an edible and choice fungus that has a brown cap with greenish yellow under surface and a stalk that become dull red with age
boll: the rounded seed-bearing capsule of a cotton or flax plant
Bomarea edulis: tropical vine having pink-and-yellow flowers spotted purple and edible roots sometimes boiled as a potato substitute; West Indies to northern South America
Bomarea salsilla: tropical vine having umbels of small purple flowers and edible roots sometimes boiled as a potato substitute; Colombia
Bombax malabarica: East Indian silk cotton tree yielding fibers inferior to kapok
bonduc nut: hard shiny grey seed of a bonduc tree; used for making e.g. jewelry
bonsai: a dwarfed ornamental tree or shrub grown in a tray or shallow pot
Boott's goldenrod: a variety of goldenrod
Borago officinalis: hairy blue-flowered European annual herb long used in herbal medicine and eaten raw as salad greens or cooked like spinach
Borassus flabellifer: tall fan palm of Africa and India and Malaysia yielding a hard wood and sweet sap that is a source of palm wine and sugar; leaves used for thatching and weaving
Boswellia carteri: tree yielding an aromatic gum resin burned as incense
Boswellia serrata: East Indian tree yielding a resin used medicinally and burned as incense
Botrychium lunaria: of America and Eurasia and Australia
Botrychium matricariifolium: of North America and Eurasia
Botrychium multifidum: European fern with leathery and sparsely hairy fronds
Botrychium virginianum: American fern whose clustered sporangia resemble a snake's rattle
bottle tree: an Australian tree of the genus Brachychiton
bottlebrush buckeye: a spreading shrub with pink flowers; found in southeastern United States
bougainvillea: any of several South American ornamental woody vines of the genus Bougainvillea having brilliant red or purple flower bracts; widely grown in warm regions
Bougainvillea glabra: Brazilian vine that tends to flower continuously
bough: any of the larger branches of a tree
Bouteloua eriopoda: a pasture grass (especially of western coastal regions of North America)
Bouteloua gracilis: a pasture grass of western North America
Bowiea volubilis: much-branched leafless twining South African herb cultivated as an ornamental for its bright green stems growing from large aboveground bulbs
bowstring hemp: strong fiber that resembles hemp; obtained from sansevieria and used for e.g. cordage
bowstring hemp: grown as a houseplant for its mottled fleshy sword-shaped leaves or as a source of fiber
box: evergreen shrubs or small trees
boxthorn: any of various shrubs or vines of the genus Lycium with showy flowers and bright berries
Boykinia occidentalis: plant with leaves mostly at the base and openly branched clusters of small white flowers; western North America
boysenberry: cultivated hybrid bramble of California having large dark wine-red fruit with a flavor resembling raspberries
Brachychiton acerifolius: south Australian tree having panicles of brilliant scarlet flowers
Brachychiton australis: north Australian tree having white flowers and broad leaves
Brachychiton populneus: widely distributed tree of eastern Australia yielding a tough durable fiber and soft light attractively grained wood; foliage is an important emergency food for cattle
Brachychiton rupestris: large tree of Queensland having cream-colored flowers blotched with red inside; sometimes placed in genus Sterculia
Brachycome Iberidifolia: western Australian annual much cultivated for its flower heads with white or bluish to violet or variegated rays
Brachystegia speciformis: small shrubby African tree having compound leaves and racemes of small fragrant green flowers
bracket fungus: a woody fungus that forms shelflike sporophores on tree trunks and wood structures
bract: a modified leaf or leaflike part just below and protecting an inflorescence
bracteole: a small bract
Bradley's spleenwort: a spleenwort of eastern to southern United States
brake: any of various ferns of the genus Pteris having pinnately compound leaves and including several popular houseplants
bramble: any of various rough thorny shrubs or vines
bramble bush: any prickly shrub of the genus Rubus bearing edible aggregate fruits
branch: a division of a stem, or secondary stem arising from the main stem of a plant
branchlet: a small branch or division of a branch (especially a terminal division); usually applied to branches of the current or preceding year
Brasenia schreberi: aquatic plant with floating oval leaves and purple flowers; in lakes and slow-moving streams; suitable for aquariums
brassavola: any of various tropical American orchids with usually solitary fleshy leaves and showy white to green nocturnally fragrant blossoms solitary or in racemes of up to 7
Brassia lawrenceana: South American orchid with spiderlike pale-yellow to pale-green flowers
Brassia verrucosa: Central American orchid having spiderlike flowers with prominent green warts
Brassica hirta: Eurasian mustard cultivated for its pungent seeds; a source of table mustard and mustard oil
Brassica juncea: Asiatic mustard used as a potherb
Brassica napus: Eurasian plant cultivated for its seed and as a forage crop
Brassica napus napobrassica: a cruciferous plant with a thick bulbous edible yellow root
Brassica nigra: widespread Eurasian annual plant cultivated for its pungent seeds; a principal source of table mustard
Brassica oleracea: wild original of cultivated cabbages; common in western coastal Europe
Brassica oleracea: any of various cultivars of the genus Brassica oleracea grown for their edible leaves or flowers
Brassica oleracea acephala: a hardy cabbage with coarse curly leaves that do not form a head
Brassica oleracea botrytis: a plant having a large edible head of crowded white flower buds
Brassica oleracea capitata: any of various cultivated cabbage plants having a short thick stalk and large compact head of edible usually green leaves
Brassica oleracea gemmifera: plant grown for its stout stalks of edible small green heads resembling diminutive cabbages
Brassica oleracea gongylodes: plant cultivated for its enlarged fleshy turnip-shaped edible stem
Brassica oleracea italica: plant with dense clusters of tight green flower buds
Brassica rapa: widely cultivated plant having a large fleshy edible white or yellow root
Brassica rapa chinensis: Asiatic plant grown for its cluster of edible white stalks with dark green leaves
Brassica rapa pekinensis: plant with an elongated head of broad stalked leaves resembling celery; used as a vegetable in east Asia
Brassica rapa perviridis: Asiatic plant cultivated for its swollen root crown and edible foliage
Brassica rapa ruvo: plant grown for its pungent edible leafy shoots
Brazilian potato tree: South American shrub or small tree widely cultivated in the tropics; not a true potato
Brazilian rosewood: an important Brazilian timber tree yielding a heavy hard dark-colored wood streaked with black
brazilwood: heavy wood of various brazilwood trees; used for violin bows and as dyewoods
breakstone: any of various plants of the genus Saxifraga
Brewer's mountain heather: semi-prostrate evergreen herb of western United States
briarroot: hard woody root of the briar Erica arborea
briarwood: wood from the hard woody root of the briar Erica arborea; used to make tobacco pipes
brier: a thorny stem or twig
brier: tangled mass of prickly plants
briony: a vine of the genus Bryonia having large leaves and small flowers and yielding acrid juice with emetic and purgative properties
bristle fern: any fern of the genus Trichomanes having large pinnatifid often translucent fronds; most are epiphytic on tree branches and twigs or terrestrial on mossy banks
bristle grass: grasses of grasslands and woodlands having large gracefully arching spikes with long bristles beneath each spikelet
broad bean: seed of the broad-bean plant
broad leaved centaury: a variety of centaury with broad leaves
broad leaved goldenrod: a variety of goldenrod
brodiaea: any of several plants of the genus Brodiaea having basal grasslike leaves and globose flower heads on leafless stems resembling those of genus Allium
Brodiaea elegans: brodiaea having an umbel of violet or blue-violet flowers atop a leafless stalk; northern Oregon to southern California
brome: any of various woodland and meadow grasses of the genus Bromus; native to temperate regions
Bromelia: the type genus of the family Bromeliaceae which includes tropical American plants with deeply cleft calyx
Bromus arvensis: annual grass of Europe and temperate Asia
Bromus inermis: drought-resistant perennial with awns lacking or very short and long creeping rhizomes; Europe and temperate Asia
Bromus japonicus: grass of Mediterranean and temperate Asia
Bromus secalinus: weedy annual native to Europe but widely distributed as a weed especially in wheat
Bromus tectorum: annual or winter annual grass with softly hairy leaves of the Mediterranean
broom: any of various shrubs of the genera Cytisus or Genista or Spartium having long slender branches and racemes of yellow flowers
broom grass: any of several grasses of the genus Andropogon; used in broom making
Broussonetia papyrifera: shrubby Asiatic tree having bark (tapa) that resembles cloth; grown as a shade tree in Europe and America; male flowers are pendulous catkins and female are urn-shaped followed by small orange-red aggregate berries
browallia: any of several herbs of the genus Browallia cultivated for their blue or violet or white flowers
brown cup: a variety of sclerotinia
Bruckenthalia spiculifolia: small evergreen mat-forming shrub of southern Europe and Asia Minor having stiff stems and terminal clusters of small bell-shaped flowers
Brugmansia arborea: a South American plant that is cultivated for its large fragrant trumpet-shaped flowers
Brugmansia sanguinea: arborescent South American shrub having very large orange-red flowers
Brugmansia suaveolens: South American plant cultivated for its very large nocturnally fragrant trumpet-shaped flowers
Brunfelsia americana: West Indian shrub with fragrant showy yellowish-white flowers
Brya ebenus: West Indian tree yielding a fine grade of green ebony
bryanthus: procumbent Old World mat-forming evergreen shrub with racemes of pinkish-white flowers
Bryanthus taxifolius: small shrub with tiny evergreen leaves and pink or purple flowers; Alpine summits and high ground in Asia and Europe and United States
Bryonia alba: white-flowered vine having thick roots and bearing small black berries; Europe to Iran
Bryonia dioica: bryony having fleshy roots pale green flowers and very small red berries; Europe; North Africa; western Asia
bryophyte: any of numerous plants of the division Bryophyta
Buchloe dactyloides: short grass growing on dry plains of central United States (where buffalo roam)
buckeye: the inedible nutlike seed of the horse chestnut
buckler fern: any of various ferns of the genera Dryopteris or Polystichum or Lastreopsis having somewhat shield-shaped coverings on the sori
Buckleya distichophylla: parasitic shrub of the eastern United States having opposite leaves and insignificant greenish flowers followed by oily dull green olivelike fruits
buckthorn: any shrub or small tree of the genus Bumelia
buckthorn: a shrub or shrubby tree of the genus Rhamnus; fruits are source of yellow dyes or pigments
buckthorn berry: fruit of various buckthorns yielding dyes or pigments
bud: a swelling on a plant stem consisting of overlapping immature leaves or petals
bud: a partially opened flower
buddleia: tropical shrub having clusters of white or violet or yellow flowers
buffalo nut: oily drupaceous fruit of rabbitwood
bugbane: a plant of the genus Cimicifuga having flowers in long racemes or panicles reported to be distasteful to insects
bugle: any of various low-growing annual or perennial evergreen herbs native to Eurasia; used for ground cover
bulb: a modified bud consisting of a thickened globular underground stem serving as a reproductive structure
bulbil: small bulb or bulb-shaped growth arising from the leaf axil or in the place of flowers
bulbous iris: any of various irises having a rootstock formed like a bulb
bulbous plant: plant growing from a bulb
Bulnesia sarmienti: South American tree of dry interior regions of Argentina and Paraguay having resinous heartwood used for incense
Bumelia lanuginosa: deciduous tree of southeastern United States and Mexico
Bumelia lycioides: shrubby thorny deciduous tree of southeastern United States with white flowers and small black drupaceous fruit
bunch grass: any of various grasses of many genera that grow in tufts or clumps rather than forming a sod or mat; chiefly of western United States
Buphthalmum salicifolium: hairy Eurasian perennial having deep yellow daisies on lax willowy stems; found in the wild in open woodland and on rocky slopes
bur grass: a grass of the genus Cenchrus
bur reed: marsh plant having elongated linear leaves and round prickly fruit
bur: seed vessel having hooks or prickles
burdock: any of several erect biennial herbs of temperate Eurasia having stout taproots and producing burs
burl: a large rounded outgrowth on the trunk or branch of a tree
burl: the wood cut from a tree burl or outgrowth; often used decoratively in veneer
burning bush: (Old Testament) the bush that burned without being consumed and from which God spoke to Moses
Bursera microphylla: small tree or shrub of the southwestern United States having a spicy odor and odd-pinnate leaves and small clusters of white flowers
Bursera simaruba: tropical American tree yielding a reddish resin used in cements and varnishes
bush bean: a bean plant whose bushy growth needs no supports
bush clover: shrubby or herbaceous plants widely used for forage, soil improvement, and especially hay in southern United States
bush pea: any of various plants of the genus Thermopsis having trifoliate leaves and yellow or purple racemose flowers
bush poppy: evergreen shrub of southwestern United States and Mexico often cultivated for its fragrant golden yellow flowers
bush: a low woody perennial plant usually having several major stems
Butea monosperma: East Indian tree bearing a profusion of intense vermilion velvet-textured blooms and yielding a yellow dye
butt: the part of a plant from which the roots spring or the part of a stalk or trunk nearest the roots
buttercup squash: plant bearing somewhat drum-shaped fruit having dark green rind with greyish markings
buttercup: any of various plants of the genus Ranunculus
butterfly flower: any plant of the genus Schizanthus having finely divided leaves and showy variegated flowers
butterfly orchid: any orchid of the genus Psychopsis: spectacular large tiger-striped orchids
butterfly orchid: any orchid of the genus Oncidium: characterized by slender branching sprays of small yellow and brown flowers; often grown as houseplants
butterweed: any of several yellow-flowered plants of the genus Packera; often placed in genus Senecio
butterwort: any of numerous carnivorous bog plants of the genus Pinguicula having showy purple or yellow or white flowers and a rosette of basal leaves coated with a sticky secretion to trap small insects
button: any of various plant parts that resemble buttons
Buxus sempervirens: large slow-growing evergreen shrub or small tree with multiple stems; extensively used for hedges or borders and topiary figures
Cabernet Sauvignon grape: superior red wine grapes grown especially in the Bordeaux region of France and northern California
Cabomba caroliniana: common aquatic plant of eastern North America having floating and submerged leaves and white yellow-spotted flowers
Cacalia javanica: tropical African annual having scarlet tassel-shaped flower heads; sometimes placed in genus Cacalia
cactus: any succulent plant of the family Cactaceae native chiefly to arid regions of the New World and usually having spines
Caesalpinia bonducella: tropical tree with large prickly pods of seeds that resemble beans and are used for jewelry and rosaries
Caesalpinia coriaria: small thornless tree or shrub of tropical America whose seed pods are a source of tannin
Caesalpinia decapetala: spreading thorny shrub of tropical Asia bearing large erect racemes of red-marked yellow flowers
Caesalpinia echinata: tropical tree with prickly trunk; its heavy red wood yields a red dye and is used for cabinetry
Caesalpinia ferrea: thornless tree yielding heavy wood
Caesalpinia gilliesii: a tropical flowering shrub having bright orange or red flowers; sometimes placed in genus Poinciana
Caesalpinia pulcherrima: tropical shrub or small tree having showy yellow to orange-red flowers; sometimes placed in genus Poinciana
Cajanus cajan: tropical woody herb with showy yellow flowers and flat pods; much cultivated in the tropics
Cakile maritima: salt-tolerant seashore annual grown for its fragrant rose or violet flowers and fleshy grey-green foliage
calabar bean: dark brown highly poisonous seed of the calabar-bean vine; source of physostigmine and used in native witchcraft
calabash: round gourd of the calabash tree
caladenia: any of various orchids of the genus Caladenia
Caladenia cairnsiana: orchid with reddish linear leaves and panicle of purple-marked pale-yellow flowers with deep red or purple lip; southwestern Australia
caladium: any plant of the genus Caladium cultivated for their ornamental foliage variously patterned in white or pink or red
Caladium bicolor: most popular caladium; cultivated in many varieties since the late 19th century
Calamagrostic quadriseta: tall Australian reedlike grass sometimes used for hay
Calamagrostis acutiflora: a variety of reed grass
calamint: perennial aromatic herbs growing in hedgerows or scrub or open woodlands from western Europe to central Asia and in North America
calamus: any tropical Asian palm of the genus Calamus; light tough stems are a source of rattan canes
calamus: the aromatic root of the sweet flag used medicinally
Calamus australis: tall scrambling spiny palm of northeastern Queensland, Australia
calamus oil: carcinogenic oil from calamus root used as a perfume
Calamus rotang: climbing palm of Sri Lanka and southern India remarkable for the great length of the stems which are used for malacca canes
Calandrinia ciliata: succulent carpet-forming plant having small brilliant reddish-pink flowers; southwestern United States
calanthe: any of various showy orchids of the genus Calanthe having white or yellow or rose-colored flowers and broad leaves folded lengthwise
calceolaria: any garden plant of the genus Calceolaria having flowers with large inflated slipper-shaped lower lip
calendula: any of numerous chiefly annual herbs of the genus Calendula widely cultivated for their yellow or orange flowers; often used for medicinal and culinary purposes
Calendula officinalis: the common European annual marigold
calico aster: a variety of aster
California beauty: any of several handsome evergreen shrubs of California and northern Mexico having downy lobed leaves and showy yellow flowers
California black oak: large deciduous tree of the Pacific coast having deeply parted bristle-tipped leaves
California black walnut: medium-sized tree with somewhat aromatic compound leaves and edible nuts
California bluebell: desert plant of southern California with blue or violet tubular flowers in terminal racemes
California buckthorn: evergreen shrub of western United States bearing small red or black fruits
California false morel: a gyromitra with a brown puffed up fertile part and a thick fluted stalk; found under conifers in California
California four o'clock: California four o'clock with purple-red flowers
California lady's slipper: often having many yellow-green orchids with white pouches growing along streams and seeps of southwestern Oregon and northern California
California live oak: highly variable often shrubby evergreen oak of coastal zone of western North America having small thick usually spiny-toothed dark-green leaves
California single-leaf pinyon: very small tree similar to Rocky mountain pinon but having a single needle per fascicle; similar to Parry's pinyon in range
California sycamore: tall tree of Baja California having deciduous bark and large alternate palmately lobed leaves and ball-shaped clusters of flowers
California tree poppy: tall branching subshrub of California and Mexico often cultivated for its silvery-blue foliage and large fragrant white flowers
California white fir: medium to tall fir of central to western United States having a narrow erect crown and soft wood
California white oak: tall graceful deciduous California oak having leathery leaves and slender pointed acorns
California yellow bells: viscid herb of arid or desert habitats of southwestern United States having pendulous yellow flowers
Calla palustris: plant of wetlands and bogs of temperate regions having small greenish flowers partly enclosed in a white spathe and red berries
calliandra: any of various shrubs and small trees valued for their fine foliage and attractive spreading habit and clustered white to deep pink or red flowers
Callirhoe digitata: perennial poppy mallow of United States southern plains states having rose-red or rose-purple flowers
Callirhoe involucrata: hairy perennial of central United States having round deeply lobed leaves and loose panicles of large crimson-purple or cherry-red flowers
Callirhoe triangulata: densely hairy perennial having mostly triangular basal leaves and rose-purple flowers in panicled clusters
Callistephus chinensis: valued for their beautiful flowers in a wide range of clear bright colors; grown primarily for cutting
Callitris cupressiformis: Australian cypress pine having globular cones
Callitris endlicheri: Australian tree with small flattened scales as leaves and numerous dark brown seed; valued for its timber and resin
Callitris glaucophylla: small tree or shrub of southern Australia
Callitris parlatorei: Australian cypress pine with fibrous inner bark
Calluna vulgaris: common Old World heath represented by many varieties; low evergreen grown widely in the northern hemisphere
callus: (botany) an isolated thickening of tissue, especially a stiff protuberance on the lip of an orchid
Calocarpum zapota: tropical American tree having wood like mahogany and sweet edible egg-shaped fruit; in some classifications placed in the genus Calocarpum
Calochortus albus: globe lily having open branched clusters of egg-shaped white flowers; southern California
Calochortus amabilis: globe lily having open branched clusters of clear yellow egg-shaped flowers; northern California
Calochortus amoenus: globe lily with deep rose-pink or purple egg-shaped flowers on flexuous stems; western slopes of Sierra Nevada in San Joaquin Valley
Calochortus elegans: small plant with slender bent stems bearing branched clusters of a few white star-shaped flowers with petals shaped like cat's ears; southeastern Washington and northeastern Oregon to Montana
Calochortus kennedyi: mariposa with clusters of bell-shaped vermilion or orange or yellow flowers atop short stems; southern California to Arizona and Mexico
Calochortus luteus: mariposa having clusters of a few large deep yellow bell-shaped flowers atop slender stems; California coastal ranges
Calochortus macrocarpus: mariposa having loose clusters of one to three handsome lilac flowers resembling umbels atop stout erect stems; arid northwestern North America east of Cascade Mountains from southern British Columbia to northern California
Calochortus nuttallii: perennial plant having clusters of one to four showy white bell-shaped flowers atop erect unbranched stems; edible bulbs useful in times of scarcity; eastern Montana and western North Dakota south to northern Arizona and northwestern New Mexico
Calophyllum calaba: West Indian tree having racemes of fragrant white flowers and yielding a durable timber and resinous juice
Calophyllum candidissimum: tropical American tree; valued for its hard durable wood
Calophyllum inophyllum: East Indian tree having racemes of fragrant white flowers; coastal areas southern India to Malaysia
Calophyllum longifolium: valuable timber tree of Panama
Calopogon pulchellum: an orchid
Caloscypha fulgens: an early spring variety of discomycete with yellow to orange yellow lining of the cup
Calostoma cinnabarina: a gasteromycete with a leathery stalk and a fruiting body this globose and has a red spore case
Calostoma lutescens: a gasteromycete with a leathery stalk and a fruiting body that is globose and has a pale yellow spore case
Calostoma ravenelii: a gasteromycete with a leathery stalk and a fruiting body with a thin gelatinous spore case and elliptical spores
Caltha palustris: swamp plant of Europe and North America having bright yellow flowers resembling buttercups
caltrop: a plant of the genus Trapa bearing spiny four-pronged edible nutlike fruits
Calvatia gigantea: huge edible puffball up to 2 feet diameter and 25 pounds in weight
Calycanthus floridus: hardy shrub of southeastern United States having clove-scented wood and fragrant red-brown flowers
Calycanthus occidentalis: straggling aromatic shrub of southwestern United States having fragrant brown flowers
calycle: a group of bracts simulating a calyx as in a carnation or hibiscus
Calycophyllum candidissimum: source of a tough elastic wood
Calypso bulbosa: rare north temperate bog orchid bearing a solitary white to pink flower marked with purple at the tip of an erect reddish stalk above 1 basal leaf
calyptra: the hood or cap covering the calyx of certain plants: e.g., the California poppy
Calyptridium umbellatum: pink clusters of densely packed flowers on prostrate stems resemble upturned pads of cats' feet; grow in coniferous forests of western North America
calyx: (botany) the whorl of sepals of a flower collectively forming the outer floral envelope or layer of the perianth enclosing and supporting the developing bud; usually green
calyx tube: the cuplike or ringlike or tubular structure of a flower which bears the sepals and stamens and calyx (as in Rosaceae)
camas: any of several plants of the genus Camassia; North and South America
Camassia leichtlinii: camas found to the west of Cascade Mountains
Camassia quamash: plant having a large edible bulb and linear basal leaves and racemes of light to deep violet-blue star-shaped flowers on tall green scapes; western North America
Camassia scilloides: eastern camas; eastern and central North America
cambium: a formative one-cell layer of tissue between xylem and phloem in most vascular plants that is responsible for secondary growth
camelia: any of several shrubs or small evergreen trees having solitary white or pink or reddish flowers
Camelina sativa: annual European false flax having small white flowers; cultivated since Neolithic times as a source of fiber and for its oil-rich seeds; widely naturalized in North America
Camellia japonica: greenhouse shrub with glossy green leaves and showy fragrant rose-like flowers; cultivated in many varieties
Camellia sinensis: a tropical evergreen shrub or small tree extensively cultivated in e.g. China and Japan and India; source of tea leaves
Campanula americana: annual or perennial of eastern North America with long spikes of blue or white flowers
Campanula aparinoides: bellflower common in marshes of eastern North America having lanceolate linear leaves and small whitish flowers
Campanula carpatica: European perennial bellflower that grows in clumps with spreading stems and blue or white flowers
Campanula divaricata: bellflower of southeastern United States (Maryland to Georgia) having pale blue flowers
Campanula glomerata: bellflower of Europe to temperate Asia having dense spikes of violet-blue to white flowers
Campanula medium: European biennial widely cultivated for its blue or violet or white flowers
Campanula persicifolia: perennial European bellflower with racemose white or blue flowers
Campanula pyramidalis: bellflower of southeastern Europe
Campanula rapunculoides: erect European herb with creeping rootstocks and nodding spikelike racemes of blue to violet flowers
Campanula rapunculus: bellflower of Europe and Asia and North Africa having bluish flowers and an edible tuberous root used with the leaves in salad
Campanula rotundifolia: perennial of northern hemisphere with slender stems and bell-shaped blue flowers
Campanula trachelium: European bellflower with blue-purple to lilac flowers formerly used to treat sore throat
campion: any plant of the genus Silene
Campsis radicans: a North American woody vine having pinnate leaves and large red trumpet-shaped flowers
Camptosorus rhizophyllus: ferns having lanceolate fronds that root at the tip
campylotropous ovule: a curved ovule with the micropyle almost touching the funiculus
Canadian red pine: pine of eastern North America having long needles in bunches of two and reddish bark
Cananga odorata: evergreen Asian tree with aromatic greenish-yellow flowers yielding a volatile oil; widely grown in the tropics as an ornamental
Canary Island hare's foot fern: fern of the Canary Islands and Madeira
Canavalia ensiformis: annual semi-erect bushy plant of tropical South America bearing long pods with white seeds grown especially for forage
Canavalia gladiata: twining tropical Old World plant bearing long pods usually with red or brown beans; long cultivated in Orient for food
candida: any of the yeastlike imperfect fungi of the genus Candida
candlenut: seed of candlenut tree; source of soil used in varnishes
candlewood: any of several resinous trees or shrubs often burned for light
candytuft: any of various flowering plants of the genus Iberis cultivated for their showy clusters of white to red or purple flowers; native to Mediterranean region
cane: a strong slender often flexible stem as of bamboos, reeds, rattans, or sugar cane
Canella winterana: large evergreen shrub or small tree having white aromatic bark and leathery leaves and small purple to red flowers in terminal cymes
canella: highly aromatic inner bark of the Canella winterana used as a condiment and a tonic
canna: any plant of the genus Canna having large sheathing leaves and clusters of large showy flowers
Canna generalis: plants grown for their large bright yellow to red flowers
Canna indica: canna grown especially for its edible rootstock from which arrowroot starch is obtained
Cannabis indica: source of e.g. bhang and hashish as well as fiber
Cannabis sativa: a strong-smelling plant whose dried leaves can be smoked for a pleasant effect or pain reduction
cannabis: any plant of the genus Cannabis; a coarse bushy annual with palmate leaves and clusters of small green flowers; yields tough fibers and narcotic drugs
Cantharellus cibarius: widely distributed edible mushroom rich yellow in color with a smooth cap and a pleasant apricot aroma
Cantharellus cinnabarinus: mushroom with a distinctive pink to vermillion fruiting body
Cantharellus clavatus: an edible agaric with a brown fruiting body that is often compound
Cantharellus floccosus: a mildly poisonous fungus with a fruiting body shaped like a hollow trumpet
cap: a fruiting structure resembling an umbrella or a cone that forms the top of a stalked fleshy fungus such as a mushroom
cape marigold: any of several South African plants grown for the profusion of usually yellow daisylike flowers and mounds of aromatic foliage
Cape primrose: any of various African plants of the genus Streptocarpus widely cultivated especially as houseplants for their showy blue or purple flowers
caper: any of numerous plants of the genus Capparis
capitulum: an arrangement of leafy branches forming the top or head of a tree
capitulum: fruiting spike of a cereal plant especially corn
capitulum: a dense cluster of flowers or foliage
Capparis arborea: small Australian tree bearing edible fruit resembling the pomegranate
Capparis cynophallophora: shrub of southern Florida to West Indies
Capparis flexuosa: shrub or small tree of southern Florida to Central and South America
Capparis mitchellii: small Australian tree bearing edible dark purple fruit
Capparis spinosa: prostrate spiny shrub of the Mediterranean region cultivated for its greenish flower buds which are pickled
Capsella bursa-pastoris: white-flowered annual European herb bearing triangular notched pods; nearly cosmopolitan as an introduced weed
Capsicum annuum cerasiforme: plant bearing small rounded usually pungent fruits
Capsicum annuum conoides: plant bearing erect pungent conical red or yellow or purple fruits; sometimes grown as an ornamental
Capsicum annuum grossum: plant bearing large mild thick-walled usually bell-shaped fruits; the principal salad peppers
Capsicum annuum longum: plant bearing very hot and finely tapering long peppers; usually red
Capsicum frutescens: plant bearing very hot medium-sized oblong red peppers; grown principally in the Gulf Coast states for production of hot sauce
Capsicum frutescens baccatum: plant bearing very small and very hot oblong red fruits; includes wild forms native to tropical America; thought to be ancestral to the sweet pepper and many hot peppers
capsicum: any of various tropical plants of the genus Capsicum bearing peppers
capsule: a dry dehiscent seed vessel or the spore-containing structure of e.g. mosses
Caragana arborescens: large spiny shrub of eastern Asia having clusters of yellow flowers; often cultivated in shelterbelts and hedges
caragana: any plant of the genus Caragana having even-pinnate leaves and mostly yellow flowers followed by seeds in a linear pod
Cardamine bulbifera: European bittercress having a knotted white rootstock
Cardamine bulbosa: small white-flowered cress common in wet places in eastern North America
Cardamine diphylla: North American herb with pungent scaly or toothed roots
Cardamine douglasii: small perennial herb of cooler regions of North America with racemose purple flowers
Cardamine pratensis: a bitter cress of Europe and America
Cardamine rotundifolia: mat-forming perennial found in cold springs of the eastern United States
Cardiospermum grandiflorum: herbaceous vine of tropical America and Africa
Cardiospermum halicacabum: woody perennial climbing plant with large ornamental seed pods that resemble balloons; tropical India and Africa and America
Carduus crispus: European biennial introduced in North America having flower heads in crowded clusters at ends of branches
Carduus nutans: Eurasian perennial naturalized in eastern North America having very spiny white cottony foliage and nodding musky crimson flower heads; valuable source of nectar
Carex arenaria: European maritime sedge naturalized along Atlantic coast of United States; rootstock has properties of sarsaparilla
Carex pseudocyperus: tufted sedge of temperate regions; nearly cosmopolitan
Carica papaya: tropical American shrub or small tree having huge deeply palmately cleft leaves and large oblong yellow fruit
carissa: a shrub of the genus Carissa having fragrant white flowers and plumlike red to purple-black fruits
Carissa bispinosa: South African shrub having forked spines and plumlike fruit; frequently used as hedging
Carissa grandiflora: very large closely branched South African shrub having forked bright green spines and shiny leaves
Carlina acaulis: stemless perennial having large flowers with white or purple-brown florets nestled in a rosette of long spiny leaves hairy beneath; of alpine regions of southern and eastern Europe
Carlina vulgaris: Eurasian thistle growing in sand dunes and dry chalky soils
carline thistle: a thistle of the genus Carlina
carnauba: hard yellowish to brownish wax from leaves of the carnauba palm used especially in floor waxes and polishes
Carnegiea gigantea: extremely large treelike cactus of desert regions of southwestern United States having a thick columnar sparsely branched trunk bearing white flowers and edible red pulpy fruit
carnivorous plant: plants adapted to attract and capture and digest primarily insects but also other small animals
Carolina pond fern: small free-floating aquatic fern from the eastern United States to tropical America; naturalized in western and southern Europe
Carolina spring beauty: similar to Claytonia virginica but having usually pink flowers; eastern North America
carpel: a simple pistil or one element of a compound pistil
Carpenteria californica: California evergreen shrub having glossy opposite leaves and terminal clusters of a few fragrant white flowers
Carpinus caroliniana: tree or large shrub with grey bark and blue-green leaves that turn red-orange in autumn
carpophore: a slender stalk that furnishes an axis for a carpel
carpospore: a nonmotile spore of red algae
carrion flower: any of various plants of the genus Stapelia having succulent leafless toothed stems resembling cacti and large foul-smelling (often star-shaped) flowers
carrion fungus: any of various ill-smelling brown-capped fungi of the order Phallales
carrot: deep orange edible root of the cultivated carrot plant
Carthamus tinctorius: thistlelike Eurasian plant widely grown for its red or orange flower heads and seeds that yield a valuable oil
Carum carvi: a Eurasian plant with small white flowers yielding caraway seed
Carya aquatica: hickory of southern United States having many narrow leaflets and rather bitter nuts
Carya cordiformis: hickory of the eastern United States having a leaves with 7 or 9 leaflets and thin-shelled very bitter nuts
Carya glabra: an American hickory tree having bitter nuts
Carya illinoinsis: tree of southern United States and Mexico cultivated for its nuts
Carya laciniosa: hickory of the eastern United States resembling the shagbark but having a much larger nut
Carya myristicaeformis: hickory of southern United States and Mexico having hard nutmeg-shaped nuts
Carya ovata: North American hickory having loose grey shaggy bark and edible nuts
Carya tomentosa: smooth-barked North American hickory with 7 to 9 leaflets bearing a hard-shelled edible nut
Caryocar nuciferum: large South American evergreen tree trifoliate leaves and drupes with nutlike seeds used as food and a source of cooking oil
caryophyllaceous plant: a plant of the family Caryophyllaceae
caryophylloid dicot family: family of relatively early dicotyledonous plants including mostly flowers
caryophylloid dicot genus: genus of relatively early dicotyledonous plants including mostly flowers
caryopsis: dry seed-like fruit produced by the cereal grasses: e.g. wheat, barley, Indian corn
Caryota urens: fishtail palm of India to Malay Peninsula; sap yields a brown sugar (jaggery) and trunk pith yields sago
casava: any of several plants of the genus Manihot having fleshy roots yielding a nutritious starch
cascara: dried bark of the cascara buckthorn used as a laxative
cascarilla bark: aromatic bark of cascarilla; used as a tonic and for making incense
cash crop: a readily salable crop that is grown and gathered for the market (as vegetables or cotton or tobacco)
cassava: cassava root eaten as a staple food after drying and leaching; source of tapioca
cassia: any of various trees or shrubs of the genus Cassia having pinnately compound leaves and usually yellow flowers followed by long seedpods
Cassia alata: tropical shrub (especially of Americas) having yellow flowers and large leaves whose juice is used as a cure for ringworm and poisonous bites; sometimes placed in genus Cassia
Cassia augustifolia: erect shrub having racemes of tawny yellow flowers; the dried leaves are used medicinally as a cathartic; sometimes placed in genus Cassia
Cassia auriculata: evergreen Indian shrub with vivid yellow flowers whose bark is used in tanning; sometimes placed in genus Cassia
Cassia fistula: deciduous or semi-evergreen tree having scented sepia to yellow flowers in drooping racemes and pods whose pulp is used medicinally; tropical Asia and Central and South America and Australia
Cassia grandis: tropical American semi-evergreen tree having erect racemes of pink or rose-colored flowers; used as an ornamental
Cassia javonica: deciduous ornamental hybrid of southeastern Asia and Hawaii having racemes of flowers ranging in color from cream-colored to orange and red
Cassia marilandica: North American perennial herb; leaves are used medicinally; sometimes placed in genus Cassia
Cassia occidentalis: very leafy malodorous tropical weedy shrub whose seeds have been used as an adulterant for coffee; sometimes classified in genus Cassia
Cassia roxburghii: East Indian tree having long pods containing a black cathartic pulp used as a horse medicine
Cassiope mertensiana: heath of mountains of western United States having bell-shaped white flowers
Castanea mollissima: a small tree with small sweet nuts; wild or naturalized in Korea and China
Castanea ozarkensis: shrubby tree closely related to the Allegheny chinkapin but with larger leaves; southern midwestern United States
Castanopsis chrysophylla: small ornamental evergreen tree of Pacific Coast whose glossy yellow-green leaves are yellow beneath; bears edible nuts
Castilleja chromosa: most common paintbrush of western United States dry lands; having erect stems ending in dense spikes of bright orange to red flowers
Castilleja miniata: wildflower of western North America having ragged clusters of crimson or scarlet flowers
Castilleja sessiliflora: hairy plant with pinkish flowers; Great Plains to northern Mexico
Castilleja sulphurea: plant of moist highland meadows having ragged clusters of pale yellow flowers
castor bean: the toxic seed of the castor-oil plant; source of castor oil
casuarina: any of various trees and shrubs of the genus Casuarina having jointed stems and whorls of scalelike leaves; some yield heavy hardwood
Casuarina equisetfolia: common Australian tree widely grown as an ornamental in tropical regions; yields heavy hard red wood
cat's-ear: any of several plants of the genus Calochortus having flowers with petals shaped like cat's ears
Catalina cherry: evergreen shrub or small tree found on Catalina Island (California)
Catalpa bignioides: catalpa tree of southern United States
Catalpa speciosa: catalpa tree of central United States
catananche: any of several plants of the genus Catananche having long-stalked heads of blue or yellow flowers
Catananche caerulea: south European plant having dark-eyed flowers with flat blue rays
cataphyll: a reduced or scarcely developed leaf at the start of a plant's life (i.e., cotyledons) or in the early stages of leaf development
Catasetum macrocarpum: orchid having both male and female flowers in the same raceme; when a sensitive projection at the base of the column of the male flower is touched the pollen is suddenly ejected
catch crop: a crop that grows quickly (e.g. lettuce) and can be planted between two regular crops grown in successive seasons or between two rows of crops in the same season
catchfly: mostly perennial herbs with sticky stems that catch insects; widespread in north temperate zone
Catha edulis: a shrub that is cultivated by Arabs for its leaves which are chewed or used to make tea
Cathaya: Chinese evergreen conifer discovered in 1955; not yet cultivated elsewhere
cattail: tall erect herbs with sword-shaped leaves; cosmopolitan in fresh and salt marshes
cattleya: any orchid of the genus Cattleya characterized by a three-lobed lip enclosing the column; among the most popular and most extravagantly beautiful orchids known
caudex: woody stem of palms and tree ferns
caudex: persistent thickened stem of a herbaceous perennial plant
Caulophyllum thalictrioides: tall herb of eastern North America and Asia having blue berrylike fruit and a thick knotty rootstock formerly used medicinally
Cebu maguey: hard fiber used in making coarse twine; from Philippine agave plants
Cecropia peltata: tropical American tree with large peltate leaves and hollow stems
cedar nut: the seed of the Swiss pine
cedar of Lebanon: cedar of Lebanon and northwestern Syria that attains great age and height
cedar: any of numerous trees of the family Cupressaceae that resemble cedars
cedar: any cedar of the genus Cedrus
cedar: durable aromatic wood of any of numerous cedar trees; especially wood of the red cedar often used for cedar chests
Cedrus atlantica: tall Algerian evergreen of Atlas mountains with blue-green leaves; widely planted as an ornamental
Ceiba pentandra: massive tropical tree with deep ridges on its massive trunk and bearing large pods of seeds covered with silky floss; source of the silky kapok fiber
Celastrus orbiculatus: ornamental Asiatic vine with showy orange-yellow fruit with a scarlet aril; naturalized in North America
celery pine: Australasian evergreen conifer having a graceful head of foliage resembling celery that is composed of phyllodes borne in the axils of scalelike leaves
cell wall: a rigid layer of polysaccharides enclosing the membrane of plant and prokaryotic cells; maintains the shape of the cell and serves as a protective barrier
cellular slime mold: differing from true slime molds in being cellular and nucleate throughout the life cycle
Celosia argentea: weedy annual with spikes of silver-white flowers
Celosia argentea cristata: garden annual with featherlike spikes of red or yellow flowers
Celtis laevigata: deciduous shade tree with small black berries; southern United States; yields soft yellowish wood
Celtis occidentalis: large deciduous shade tree of southern United States with small deep purple berries
Cenchrus tribuloides: grass of the eastern United States and tropical America having spikelets enclosed in prickly burs
Centaurea americana: annual of southwestern United States cultivated for its purple flower heads and its bracts that resemble small baskets
Centaurea cyanus: an annual Eurasian plant cultivated in North America having showy heads of blue or purple or pink or white flowers
Centaurea gymnocarpa: a plant having leaves and stems covered with down that resembles dust
Centaurea imperialis: perennial of mountains of Iran and Iraq; cultivated for its fragrant rose-pink flowers
Centaurea moschata: Asian plant widely grown for its sweetly fragrant pink flowers; sometimes placed in genus Centaurea
Centaurea nigra: a weedy perennial with tough wiry stems and purple flowers; native to Europe but widely naturalized
Centaurea scabiosa: tall European perennial having purple flower heads
Centaurea solstitialis: European weed having a winged stem and hairy leaves; adventive in the eastern United States
Centauria calcitrapa: Mediterranean annual or biennial herb having pinkish to purple flowers surrounded by spine-tipped scales; naturalized in America
Centaurium calycosum: erect plant with small clusters of pink trumpet-shaped flowers of southwestern United States
Centaurium minus: common European glabrous annual centaury with flowers in dense cymes
Centaurium scilloides: tufted perennial of western Europe and Azores having bright pink to white flowers
centaury: any of various plants of the genus Centaurium
centaury: any plant of the genus Centaurea
Central American strap fern: fern with shorter and narrower leaves than Florida strap fern; Florida to West Indies and Mexico and south to Argentina
Centrolobium robustum: Brazilian tree with handsomely marked wood
Centrosema virginianum: large-flowered weakly twining or prostrate vine of New Jersey to tropical eastern North America, sometimes cultivated for its purple and white flowers
Cephalanthera rubra: orchid of Mediterranean and Asia having a lax spike of bright rose-pink flowers
Cerastium alpinum: widespread in the Arctic and on mountains in Europe
Cerastium arvense: densely tufted perennial chickweed of north temperate zone
Cerastium tomentosum: chickweed with hairy silver-grey leaves and rather large white flowers
Ceratonia siliqua: evergreen Mediterranean tree with edible pods; the biblical carob
Ceratopetalum gummiferum: Australian tree or shrub with red flowers; often used in Christmas decoration
Ceratopteris pteridioides: aquatic fern of tropical America often used in aquariums
Ceratopteris thalictroides: pantropical aquatic fern
Ceratostomella ulmi: fungus causing Dutch elm disease
ceratozamia: a small cycad of the genus Ceratozamia having a short scaly woody trunk and fernlike foliage and woody cones; Mexico
Cercidiphyllum japonicum: rapidly growing deciduous tree of low mountainsides of China and Japan; grown as an ornamental for its dark blue-green candy-scented foliage that becomes yellow to scarlet in autumn
Cercis canadensis: small shrubby tree of eastern North America similar to the Judas tree having usually pink flowers; found in damp sheltered underwood
Cercis occidentalis: shrub of western United States having pink or crimson flowers; often forms thickets
Cercospora kopkei: fungus causing yellow spot (a sugarcane disease in Australia)
cereal: grass whose starchy grains are used as food: wheat; rice; rye; oats; maize; buckwheat; millet
Ceroxylon andicola: palm of the Andes yielding a resinous wax which is mixed with tallow to make candles
Cestrum diurnum: West Indian evergreen shrub having clusters of funnel-shaped white flowers that are fragrant by day
Cestrum nocturnum: West Indian evergreen shrub having clusters of funnel-shaped yellow-white flowers that are fragrant by night
Ceterach officinarum: small European fern with chaffy leathery fronds
Cetraria islandica: lichen with branched flattened partly erect thallus that grows in mountainous and Arctic regions; used as a medicine or food for humans and livestock; a source of glycerol
chaenactis: any of several United States plants having long stalks of funnel-shaped white or yellow flowers
Chaenomeles japonica: deciduous thorny shrub native to Japan having red blossoms
Chaenomeles speciosa: deciduous thorny shrub native to China having red or white blossoms
chain fern: a fern of the genus Woodwardia having the sori in chainlike rows
chalaza: basal part of a plant ovule opposite the micropyle; where integument and nucellus are joined
Chamaecrista fasciculata: tropical American plant having leaflets somewhat sensitive to the touch; sometimes placed in genus Cassia
Chamaecyparis lawsoniana: large timber tree of western North America with trunk diameter to 12 feet and height to 200 feet
Chamaecyparis nootkatensis: tall evergreen of the Pacific coast of North America often cultivated for ornament
Chamaecyparis thyoides: slow-growing medium-sized cedar of east coast of the United States; resembles American arborvitae
Chamaecytisus palmensis: shrub of Canary Islands having bristle-tipped oblanceolate leaves; used as cattle fodder
Chamaedaphne calyculata: north temperate bog shrub with evergreen leathery leaves and small white cylindrical flowers
Chamaemelum nobilis: Eurasian plant with apple-scented foliage and white-rayed flowers and feathery leaves used medicinally; in some classification systems placed in genus Anthemis
Chardonnay: white wine grape
charred pancake cup: a common name for a variety of Sarcosomataceae
checkered lily: any liliaceous plant of the genus Fritillaria having nodding variously colored flowers
Cheilanthes alabamensis: southeastern United States to northern Mexico and Jamaica
Cheilanthes eatonii: lip fern of Texas to Oklahoma and Colorado and Arizona and Mexico having tall erect tufted fronds
Cheilanthes gracillima: small tufted fern of northwestern America
Cheilanthes lanosa: small North American evergreen fern whose stipes and lower frond surfaces are densely wooly
Cheiranthus allionii: showy erect biennial or short-lived perennial cultivated for its terminal racemes of orange-yellow flowers; sometimes placed in genus Cheiranthus
Cheiranthus cheiri: perennial of southern Europe having clusters of fragrant flowers of all colors especially yellow and orange; often naturalized on old walls or cliffs; sometimes placed in genus Erysimum
Chelidonium majus: perennial herb with branched woody stock and bright yellow flowers
Chelone glabra: showy perennial of marshlands of eastern and central North America having waxy lanceolate leaves and flower with lower part creamy white and upper parts pale pink to deep purple
Chenin blanc: white grape grown especially in California and the lower Loire valley of France
Chenopodium album: common weedy European plant introduced into North America; often used as a potherb
Chenopodium ambrosioides: rank-smelling tropical American pigweed
Chenopodium bonus-henricus: European plant naturalized in North America; often collected from the wild as a potherb
Chenopodium botrys: Eurasian aromatic oak-leaved goosefoot with many yellow-green flowers; naturalized North America
Chenopodium capitatum: European annual with clusters of greenish flowers followed by red pulpy berrylike fruit; naturalized North America
Chenopodium glaucum: annual European plant with spikes of greenish flowers and leaves that are white and hairy on the underside; common as a weed in North America
Chenopodium hybridum: herb considered fatal to swine
Chenopodium murale: European annual with coarsely dentate leaves; widespread in United States and southern Canada
Chenopodium rubrum: common Eurasian weed; naturalized in United States
Chenopodium vulvaria: European goosefoot with strong-scented foliage; adventive in eastern North America
cherry: wood of any of various cherry trees especially the black cherry
cherry stone: the stone seed of a cherry
cherry: any of numerous trees and shrubs producing a small fleshy round fruit with a single hard stone; many also produce a valuable hardwood
chestnut: wood of any of various chestnut trees of the genus Castanea
chestnut oak: an oak having leaves resembling those of chestnut trees
chestnut: any of several attractive deciduous trees yellow-brown in autumn; yield a hard wood and edible nuts in a prickly bur
chickpea: the seed of the chickpea plant
chickweed: any of various plants of the genus Stellaria
chickweed: any of various plants related to the common chickweed
chicory: the dried root of the chicory plant: used as a coffee substitute
Chile tarweed: South American herb with sticky glandular foliage; source of madia oil
Chilopsis linearis: evergreen shrubby tree resembling a willow of dry regions of southwestern North America having showy purplish flowers and long seed pods
Chimaphila umbellata: Eurasian herb with white or pinkish flowers in a terminal corymb
Chimonanthus praecox: deciduous Japanese shrub cultivated for its fragrant yellow flowers
chinchona: any of several trees of the genus Cinchona
Chinese angelica tree: similar to American angelica tree but less prickly; China
Chinese cinnamon: aromatic bark of the cassia-bark tree; less desirable as a spice than Ceylon cinnamon bark
Chinese forget-me-not: biennial east Asian herb grown for its usually bright blue flowers
Chinese holly: dense rounded evergreen shrub of China having spiny leaves; widely cultivated as an ornamental
Chinese lantern plant: Old World perennial cultivated for its ornamental inflated papery orange-red calyx
Chinese pea tree: shrub with dark-green glossy foliage and solitary pale yellow flowers; northern China
Chinese rhubarb: long used for laxative properties
Chinese scholar tree: handsome roundheaded deciduous tree having compound dark green leaves and profuse panicles of fragrant creamy-white flowers; China and Japan
Chinese silk plant: tall perennial herb of tropical Asia with dark green leaves; cultivated for the fiber from its woody stems that resembles flax
Chinese water chestnut: Chinese sedge yielding edible bulb-shaped tubers
Chionanthus virginicus: small bushy tree of southeastern United States having profuse clusters of white flowers
Chionochloa conspicua: used by Maoris for thatching
chlamydospore: thick-walled asexual resting spore of certain fungi and algae
chlamys: collective term for the outer parts of a flower consisting of the calyx and corolla and enclosing the stamens and pistils
chlorenchyma: parenchyma whose cells contain chloroplasts
Chloris gayana: perennial grass of South Africa introduced into United States; cultivated as forage grass in dry regions
Chloris truncata: perennial Australian grass having numerous long spikes arranged like the vanes of a windmill
Chlorophyllum molybdites: a poisonous agaric with a fibrillose cap and brown scales on a white ground color; cap can reach a diameter of 30 cm; often forms `fairy rings'
chloroplast: plastid containing chlorophyll and other pigments; in plants that carry out photosynthesis
Chloroxylon swietenia: East Indian tree with valuable hard lustrous yellowish wood
chokecherry: the fruit of the chokecherry tree
christella: any of several tropical ferns of the genus Christella having thin brittle fronds
Christmas bells: any of several plants of the genus Blandfordia having large orange or crimson flowers
Christmas green: any of several club mosses having long creeping stems and erect branches
Christmas holly: an evergreen tree
chromoplast: plastid containing pigments other than chlorophyll usually yellow or orange carotenoids
chrysanthemum: any of numerous perennial Old World herbs having showy brightly colored flower heads of the genera Chrysanthemum, Argyranthemum, Dendranthema, Tanacetum; widely cultivated
chrysanthemum: the flower of a chrysanthemum plant
Chrysanthemum balsamita: tansy-scented Eurasian perennial herb with buttonlike yellow flowers; used as potherb or salad green and sometimes for potpourri or tea or flavoring; sometimes placed in genus Chrysanthemum
Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium: white-flowered pyrethrum of Balkan area whose pinnate leaves are white and silky-hairy below; source of an insecticide; sometimes placed in genus Chrysanthemum
Chrysanthemum coccineum: spring-flowering garden perennial of Asiatic origin having finely divided aromatic leaves and white to pink-purple flowers; source of an insecticide; sometimes placed in genus Chrysanthemum
Chrysanthemum coronarium: shrubby annual of the Mediterranean region with yellowish-white flowers
Chrysanthemum coronarium spatiosum: grown for its succulent edible leaves used in Asian cooking
Chrysanthemum frutescens: perennial subshrub of the Canary Islands having usually pale yellow daisylike flowers; often included in genus Chrysanthemum
Chrysanthemum lacustre: perennial of Portugal similar to the oxeye daisy
Chrysanthemum leucanthemum: tall leafy-stemmed Eurasian perennial with white flowers; widely naturalized; often placed in genus Chrysanthemum
Chrysanthemum maximum: similar to oxeye daisy
Chrysanthemum maximum maximum: hybrid garden flower derived from Chrysanthemum maximum and Chrysanthemum lacustre having large white flower heads resembling oxeye daisies; often placed in the genus Chrysanthemum
Chrysanthemum parthenium: bushy aromatic European perennial herb having clusters of buttonlike white-rayed flower heads; valued traditionally for medicinal uses; sometimes placed in genus Chrysanthemum
Chrysanthemum ptarmiciflorum: shrubby perennial of the Canary Islands having white flowers and leaves and hairy stems covered with dustlike down; sometimes placed in genus Chrysanthemum
Chrysanthemum segetum: European herb with bright yellow flowers; a common weed in grain fields
Chrysobalanus icaco: small tropical American tree bearing edible plumlike fruit
Chrysolepis sempervirens: evergreen shrub similar to golden chinkapin; mountains of California
Chrysophyllum cainito: evergreen tree of West Indies and Central America having edible purple fruit star-shaped in cross section and dark green leaves with golden silky undersides
Chrysophyllum oliviforme: tropical American timber tree with dark hard heavy wood and small plumlike purple fruit
Chrysosplenium americanum: aquatic herb with yellowish flowers; central and western United States
Chrysothamnus nauseosus: pleasantly aromatic shrub having erect slender flexible hairy branches and dense clusters of small yellow flowers covering vast areas of western alkali plains and affording a retreat for jackrabbits; source of a yellow dye used by the Navajo
Cibotium barometz: Asiatic tree fern having dense matted hairs sometimes used as a styptic
Cicer arietinum: Asiatic herb cultivated for its short pods with one or two edible seeds
Cichorium endivia: widely cultivated herb with leaves valued as salad green; either curly serrated leaves or broad flat ones that are usually blanched
Cichorium intybus: perennial Old World herb having rayed flower heads with blue florets cultivated for its root and its heads of crisp edible leaves used in salads
Cicuta verosa: tall erect highly poisonous Eurasiatic perennial herb locally abundant in marshy areas
cigar-box cedar: fragrant wood much used for cigar boxes
Cimicifuga americana: bugbane of the eastern United States having erect racemes of white flowers
Cimicifuga foetida: bugbane of Siberia and eastern Asia having ill-smelling green-white flowers
Cimicifuga racemosa: North American bugbane found from Maine and Ontario to Wisconsin and south to Georgia
Cinchona cordifolia: Colombian tree; source of Cartagena bark (a cinchona bark)
Cinchona officinalis: Peruvian shrub or small tree having large glossy leaves and cymes of fragrant yellow to green or red flowers; cultivated for its medicinal bark
Cinchona pubescens: small tree of Ecuador and Peru having very large glossy leaves and large panicles of fragrant pink flowers; cultivated for its medicinal bark
Cineraria maritima: stiff much-branched perennial of the Mediterranean region having very white woolly stems and leaves
Cinnamomum camphora: large evergreen tree of warm regions whose aromatic wood yields camphor
Cinnamomum cassia: Chinese tree with aromatic bark; yields a less desirable cinnamon than Ceylon cinnamon
Cinnamomum loureirii: tropical southeast Asian tree with aromatic bark; yields a bark used medicinally
Cinnamomum zeylanicum: tropical Asian tree with aromatic yellowish-brown bark; source of the spice cinnamon
cinnamon bark: aromatic bark of Saigon cinnamon used medicinally as a carminative
cinnamon: aromatic bark used as a spice
cinquefoil: any of a numerous plants grown for their five-petaled flowers; abundant in temperate regions; alleged to have medicinal properties
Circaea lutetiana: tall evening primrose with inconspicuous flowers
Circis siliquastrum: small tree of the eastern Mediterranean having abundant purplish-red flowers growing on old wood directly from stems and appearing before the leaves: widely cultivated in mild regions; wood valuable for veneers
cirrhus: usually coiled
Cirsium arvense: European thistle naturalized in United States and Canada where it is a pernicious weed
Cirsium discolor: stout North American thistle with purplish-pink flower heads
Cirsium flodmanii: thistle of western North America having white woolly leaves
Cirsium heterophylum: perennial stoloniferous thistle of northern Europe with lanceolate basal leaves and usually solitary heads of reddish-purple flowers
Cirsium lanceolatum: European thistle with rather large heads and prickly leaves; extensively naturalized as a weed in the United States
Cirsium rivulare: of central and southwestern Europe
Cistus albidus: compact white pubescent shrub of southwestern Europe having pink flowers
Cistus ladanifer: shrub having white flowers and viscid stems and leaves yielding a fragrant oleoresin used in perfumes especially as a fixative
Citroncirus webberi: more aromatic and acidic than oranges
citronwood: wood of a citron tree
citronwood: durable fragrant wood; used in building (as in the roof of the cathedral at Cordova, Spain)
Citrullus vulgaris: an African melon
Citrus aurantifolia: any of various related trees bearing limes
Citrus aurantium: any of various common orange trees yielding sour or bitter fruit; used as grafting stock
Citrus bergamia: small tree with pear-shaped fruit whose oil is used in perfumery; Italy
Citrus decumana: southeastern Asian tree producing large fruits resembling grapefruits
Citrus limetta: lemon tree having fruit with a somewhat insipid sweetish pulp
Citrus limon: a small evergreen tree that originated in Asia but is widely cultivated for its fruit
Citrus limonia: hybrid between mandarin orange and lemon having very acid fruit with orange peel
Citrus medica: thorny evergreen small tree or shrub of India widely cultivated for its large lemonlike fruits that have thick warty rind
Citrus nobilis: large citrus tree having large sweet deep orange fruit that is easily peeled; widely cultivated in Florida
Citrus paradisi: citrus tree bearing large round edible fruit having a thick yellow rind and juicy somewhat acid pulp
Citrus reticulata: shrub or small tree having flattened globose fruit with very sweet aromatic pulp and thin yellow-orange to flame-orange rind that is loose and easily removed; native to southeastern Asia
Citrus sinensis: probably native to southern China; widely cultivated as source of table and juice oranges
Citrus tangelo: hybrid between grapefruit and mandarin orange; cultivated especially in Florida
citrus: any of numerous tropical usually thorny evergreen trees of the genus Citrus having leathery evergreen leaves and widely cultivated for their juicy edible fruits having leathery aromatic rinds
cladode: a flattened stem resembling and functioning as a leaf
Cladonia rangiferina: an erect greyish branching lichen of Arctic and even some north temperate regions constituting the chief food for reindeer and caribou and sometimes being eaten by humans
Cladrastis kentukea: small handsome roundheaded deciduous tree having showy white flowers in terminal clusters and heavy hardwood yielding yellow dye
class Acrasiomycetes: cellular slime molds; in some classifications placed in kingdom Protoctista
class Anthoceropsida: hornworts: in some classification systems included in the class Hepaticopsida
class Ascomycetes: large class of higher fungi coextensive with division Ascomycota: sac fungi
class Basidiomycetes: large class of higher fungi coextensive with subdivision Basidiomycota
class Bryopsida: true mosses: bryophytes having leafy rather than thalloid gametophytes: comprises orders Andreaeales; Bryales; Dicranales; Eubryales; Sphagnales
class Chytridiomycetes: a class of mostly aquatic fungi; saprophytic or parasitic on algae or fungi or plants
class Deuteromycetes: form class; coextensive with subdivision Deuteromycota
class Dicotyledones: comprising seed plants that produce an embryo with paired cotyledons and net-veined leaves; divided into six (not always well distinguished) subclasses (or superorders): Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae (considered primitive); Caryophyllidae (an early and distinctive offshoot); and three more or less advanced groups: Dilleniidae; Rosidae; Asteridae
class Eumycetes: category used in some classifications: coextensive with division Eumycota
class Filicopsida: ferns
class Gasteromycetes: fungi in which the hymenium is enclosed until after spores have matured: puffballs; earth stars; stinkhorn fungi
class Hemiascomycetes: class of fungi in which no ascocarps are formed: yeasts and some plant parasites
class Hepaticopsida: liverworts: comprises orders Anthocerotales; Jungermanniales; Marchantiales; Sphaerocarpales
class Hymenomycetes: used in some classifications; usually coextensive with order Agaricales: mushrooms; toadstools; agarics; bracket fungi
class Lycopodiate: club mosses and related forms: includes Lycopodiales; Isoetales; Selaginellales; and extinct Lepidodendrales; sometimes considered a subdivision of Tracheophyta
class Lycopodineae: alternative designation for the class Lycopsida
class Monocotyledonae: comprising seed plants that produce an embryo with a single cotyledon and parallel-veined leaves: includes grasses and lilies and palms and orchids; divided into four subclasses or superorders: Alismatidae; Arecidae; Commelinidae; and Liliidae
class Myxomycetes: the class of true slime molds; essentially equivalent to the division Myxomycota
class Oomycetes: nonphotosynthetic fungi that resemble algae and that reproduce by forming oospores; sometimes classified as protoctists
class Plectomycetes: class of fungi in which the fruiting body is a cleistothecium (it releases spores only on decay or disintegration)
class Psilotatae: whisk ferns; comprising the family Psilotaceae or Psilotatae: vascular plants with no roots, partial if any leaf differentiation, and rudimentary spore sacs
class Pteridospermopsida: extinct gymnosperms most of Carboniferous to Jurassic: seed ferns and allies
class Pyrenomycetes: class of fungi in which the fruiting body is a perithecium; includes powdery mildews and ergot and Neurospora
class Sphenopsida: horsetails and related forms
class Tiliomycetes: category used in some systems to comprise the two orders Ustilaginales (smuts) and Uredinales (rusts)
class Zygomycetes: class of fungi coextensive with subdivision Zygomycota
Clatonia lanceolata: small slender plant having one pair of succulent leaves at the middle of the stem and a loose raceme of white or pink or rose bowl-shaped flowers and an edible corm
Claviceps purpurea: a fungus that infects various cereal plants forming compact black masses of branching filaments that replace many grains of the plant; source of medicinally important alkaloids and of lysergic acid
Clavicipitaceae: any of various mushrooms of the class Ascomycetes
Cleistes divaricata: orchid of northeastern United States with magenta-pink flowers having funnel-shaped lip; sometimes placed in genus Pogonia
Cleistes rosea: orchid of central and northern South America having 1- to 3-blossomed racemes of large showy rose-colored flowers; sometimes placed in genus Pogonia
cleistocarp: closed spore-bearing structure of some fungi (especially Aspergillaceae and Erysiphaceae) from which spores are released only by decay or disintegration
clematis: any of various ornamental climbing plants of the genus Clematis usually having showy flowers
Clematis baldwinii: erect clematis of Florida having pink to purple flowers
Clematis crispa: climber of southern United States having bluish-purple flowers
Clematis lasiantha: clematis of California
Clematis ochreleuca: shrubby clematis of the eastern United States having curly foliage
Clematis tangutica: Chinese clematis with serrate leaves and large yellow flowers
Clematis texensis: woody vine of Texas having showy solitary nodding scarlet flowers
Clematis versicolor: woody vine of the southern United States having purple or blue flowers with leathery recurved sepals
Clematis verticillaris: climber of northeastern North America having waxy purplish-blue flowers
Clematis viorna: scandent subshrub of southeastern United States having large red-purple bell-shaped flowers with leathery recurved sepals
Clematis virginiana: common climber of eastern North America that sprawls over other plants and bears numerous panicles of small creamy white flowers
Clematis vitalba: vigorous deciduous climber of Europe to Afghanistan and Lebanon having panicles of fragrant green-white flowers in summer and autumn
clementine: a variety of mandarin orange that is grown around the Mediterranean and in South Africa
Cleome hassleriana: native to South America but naturalized in warm parts of United States; grown for its long-lasting spider-shaped white to pink-purple flowers
cleome: any of various often strong-smelling plants of the genus Cleome having showy spider-shaped flowers
Clethra alnifolia: shrub of eastern and southern coastal United States having beautiful racemes of spice-scented white flowers
Clianthus puniceus: evergreen shrub with scarlet to white clawlike or beaklike flowers; New Zealand
Clianthus speciosus: sprawling shrubby perennial noted for its scarlet black-marked flowers; widely distributed in dry parts of Australia
clianthus: any of various shrubs or vines of the genus Clianthus having compound leaves and pea-like red flowers in drooping racemes
cliff brake: any of several small lithophytic ferns of tropical and warm temperate regions
Cliftonia monophylla: tree of low-lying coastal areas of southeastern United States having glossy leaves and racemes of fragrant white flowers
climber: a vine or climbing plant that readily grows up a support or over other plants
climbing fern: any of several ferns of the genus Lygodium that climb by twining
Clinopodium grandiflorum: aromatic herb with large pink flowers; southern and southeastern Europe; Anatolia; northern Iran
Clinopodium vulgare: aromatic herb having heads of small pink or whitish flowers; widely distributed in United States, Europe and Asia
Clinton's lily: any temperate liliaceous plant of the genus Clintonia having broad basal leaves and white or yellowish or purplish flowers followed by blue or black berries
Clintonia andrewsiana: plant with nearly leafless stalk topped by a cluster of red or reddish lavender flowers; California to Oregon
Clintonia borealis: common woodland herb of temperate North America having yellow nodding flowers and small round blue fruits
Clintonia uniflora: plant with 1 or 2 white starlike flowers on short leafless stalks; Alaska to California and east to Oregon and Montana
Clitocybe clavipes: an agaric with a flat cap that is greyish or yellowish brown with pallid gills and a stalk that bulges toward the base
Clitocybe dealbata: a small poisonous agaric; has a dry white cap with crowded gills and a short stalk
Clitocybe inornata: a fungus with a cap that is creamy grey when young and turns brown with age and a whitish stalk that stains yellow when handled
Clitocybe nuda: edible agaric that is pale lilac when young; has a smooth moist cap
Clitocybe robusta: a large white agaric; edible but not palatable
Clitocybe subconnexa: an edible white agaric that fruits in dense clusters; the gills are narrow and crowded and the stalk is fleshy and unpolished
Clitoria mariana: large-flowered wild twining vine of southeastern and central United States having pale blue flowers
Clitoria turnatea: vine of tropical Asia having pinnate leaves and bright blue flowers with yellow centers
clove: aromatic flower bud of a clove tree; yields a spice
clover fern: any of several water ferns of the genus Marsilea having four leaflets
clover: a plant of the genus Trifolium
club fungus: a club-shaped coral fungus
club moss: primitive evergreen moss-like plant with spores in club-shaped strobiles
clusia: an aromatic tree of the genus Clusia having large white or yellow or pink flowers
Clusia flava: a West Indies clusia having fig-shaped fruit
Clusia insignis: epiphytic clusia of British Guiana
Clusia rosea: a common tropical American clusia having solitary white or rose flowers
Cnicus benedictus: annual of Mediterranean to Portugal having hairy stems and minutely spiny-toothed leaves and large heads of yellow flowers
Cocculus carolinus: woody vine of southeastern United States resembling the common moonseed but having red fruits
Cochlearia officinalis: a widely distributed Arctic cress reputed to have value in treatment or prevention of scurvy; a concentrated source of vitamin C
cocklebur: any coarse weed of the genus Xanthium having spiny burrs
Cocos nucifera: tall palm tree bearing coconuts as fruits; widely planted throughout the tropics
cocoswood: wood of the granadilla tree used for making musical instruments especially clarinets
cocoyam: edible starchy tuberous root of taro plants
cod: the vessel that contains the seeds of a plant (not the seeds themselves)
Codariocalyx motorius: erect tropical Asian shrub whose small lateral leaflets rotate on their axes and jerk up and down under the influence of sunshine
Codiaeum variegatum: grown in many varieties for their brightly colored foliage; widely cultivated as a houseplant
Coeloglossum bracteatum: orchid with broad ovate leaves and long-bracted green very irregular flowers
Coeloglossum viride: orchid having hooded long-bracted green to yellow-green flowers suffused with purple
coelogyne: any of various orchids of the genus Coelogyne with: clusters of fragrant lacy snow-white flowers; salmon-pink solitary flowers; chainlike racemes of topaz and chocolate brown flowers; spikes of delicate white spice-scented flowers; emerald green flowers marked with blue-black
Coffea arabica: shrubby tree of northeastern tropical Africa widely cultivated in tropical or near tropical regions for its seed which form most of the commercial coffee
Coffea canephora: native to West Africa but grown in Java and elsewhere; resistant to coffee rust
coffee: any of several small trees and shrubs native to the tropical Old World yielding coffee beans
cohune fat: semisolid fat from nuts of the cohune palm; used in cooking and soap making
cohune nut: nut of the cohune palm having hard white shells like those of ivory nuts
coir: stiff coarse fiber from the outer husk of a coconut
Cola acuminata: tree bearing large brown nuts containing e.g. caffeine; source of cola extract
cola nut: bitter brown seed containing caffein; source of cola extract
Colchicum autumnale: bulbous autumn-flowering herb with white, purple or lavender-and-white flowers; native to western and central Europe
coleus: any of various Old World tropical plants of the genus Coleus having multicolored decorative leaves and spikes of blue flowers
colic root: any of several perennials of the genus Aletris having grasslike leaves and bitter roots reputed to cure colic
collard: variety of kale having smooth leaves
Collinsia heterophylla: white and lavender to pale-blue flowers grow in perfect rings of widely spaced bands around the stems forming a kind of pagoda; California
Collinsia verna: eastern United States plant with whorls of blue-and-white flowers
Collinsonia canadensis: erect perennial strong-scented with serrate pointed leaves and a loose panicle of yellowish flowers; the eastern United States
Colocasia esculenta: herb of the Pacific islands grown throughout the tropics for its edible root and in temperate areas as an ornamental for its large glossy leaves
Colorado blue spruce: tall spruce with blue-green needles and dense conic crown; older trees become columnar with lower branches sweeping downward
Colorado four o'clock: wildflower having vibrant deep pink tubular evening-blooming flowers; found in sandy and desert areas from southern California to southern Colorado and into Mexico
Colorado River hemp: tall-growing annual of southwestern United States widely grown as green manure; yields a strong tough bast fiber formerly used by Indians for cordage
Columbia tiger lily: lily of western North America with showy orange-red purple-spotted flowers
columnea: tropical plant having thick hairy somewhat toothed leaves and solitary or clustered yellow to scarlet flowers; many cultivated for their flowers and ornamental foliage
Colutea arborescens: yellow-flowered European shrub cultivated for its succession of yellow flowers and very inflated bladdery pods and as a source of wildlife food
colza oil: edible light yellow to brown oil from rapeseed used also as a lubricant or illuminant
coma: (botany) a usually terminal tuft of bracts (as in the pineapple) or tuft of hairs (especially on certain seeds)
Comandra pallida: woody creeping parasite of western North America having numerous thick powdery leaves and panicles of small dull-white flowers
combretum: any of numerous shrubs or small trees of the genus Combretum having spikes of small flowers
Combretum appiculatum: small deciduous tree of the Transvaal having spikes of yellow flowers
Combretum bracteosum: ornamental African shrub or climber with red flowers
Combretum erythrophyllum: small South African tree having creamy yellow fragrant flowers usually growing on stream banks
comfrey: perennial herbs of Europe and Iran; make rapidly growing groundcover for shaded areas
commelina: any plant of the genus Commelina
Commiphora meccanensis: small evergreen tree of Africa and Asia; leaves have a strong aromatic odor when bruised
Commiphora myrrha: tree of eastern Africa and Asia yielding myrrh
common arrowhead: a weed
common European ash: tall ash of Europe to the Caucasus having leaves shiny dark-green above and pale downy beneath
common European dogwood: European deciduous shrub turning red in autumn having dull white flowers
common winterberry holly: a holly shrub
compass flower: any of several plants having leaves so arranged on the axis as to indicate the cardinal points of the compass
composite: considered the most highly evolved dicotyledonous plants, characterized by florets arranged in dense heads that resemble single flowers
compound leaf: a leaf composed of a number of leaflets on a common stalk
compound pistil: consists of two or more fused carpels
Comptonia asplenifolia: deciduous shrub of eastern North America with sweet scented fernlike leaves and tiny white flowers
cone: cone-shaped mass of ovule- or spore-bearing scales or bracts
coneflower: a wildflower of the genus Ratibida
coneflower: any of various plants of the genus Rudbeckia cultivated for their large usually yellow daisies with prominent central cones
coneflower: any of various perennials of the eastern United States having thick rough leaves and long-stalked showy flowers with drooping rays and a conelike center
Confederate rose mallow: Chinese shrub or small tree having white or pink flowers becoming deep red at night; widely cultivated; naturalized in southeastern United States
conidiophore: a specialized fungal hypha that produces conidia
conidiospore: an asexually produced fungal spore formed on a conidiophore
conifer: any gymnospermous tree or shrub bearing cones
Coniogramme japonica: fast-growing sturdy Japanese fern; cultivated for their attractive broad dark-green pinnate fronds
Conium maculatum: large branching biennial herb native to Eurasia and Africa and adventive in North America having large fernlike leaves and white flowers; usually found in damp habitats; all parts extremely poisonous
Connarus guianensis: tropical American and east African tree with strikingly marked hardwood used in cabinetwork
Conocarpus erectus: evergreen tree or shrub with fruit resembling buttons and yielding heavy hard compact wood
Conoclinium coelestinum: rhizomatous plant of central and southeastern United States and West Indies having large showy heads of clear blue flowers; sometimes placed in genus Eupatorium
Conopodium denudatum: a common European plant having edible tubers with the flavor of roasted chestnuts
Convallaria majalis: low-growing perennial plant having usually two large oblong lanceolate leaves and a raceme of small fragrant nodding bell-shaped flowers followed by scarlet berries
convolvulus: any of numerous plants of the genus Convolvulus
Convolvulus arvensis: weakly climbing European perennial with white or pink flowers; naturalized in North America and an invasive weed
Convolvulus scammonia: twining plant of Asia Minor having cream-colored to purple flowers and long thick roots yielding a cathartic resin
Convolvulus sepium: common Eurasian and American wild climber with pink flowers; sometimes placed in genus Convolvulus
Copernicia australis: South American palm yielding a wax similar to carnauba wax
Copernicia prunifera: Brazilian fan palm having an edible root; source of a useful leaf fiber and a brittle yellowish wax
Coprinus atramentarius: having a cap that melts into an inky fluid after spores have matured
Coprinus comatus: common edible mushroom having an elongated shaggy white cap and black spores
Coptis trifolia groenlandica: low-growing perennial of North America woodlands having trifoliate leaves and yellow rootstock and white flowers
coquilla nut: nut having a hard hazel-brown shell used like vegetable ivory
coral fungus: any of numerous fungi of the family Clavariaceae often brightly colored that grow in often intricately branched clusters like coral
coral pea: any of various Australian climbing plants of the genus Kennedia having scarlet flowers
coral root: a wildflower of the genus Corallorhiza growing from a hard mass of rhizomes associated with a fungus that aids in absorbing nutrients from the forest floor
coral tree: any of various shrubs or shrubby trees of the genus Erythrina having trifoliate leaves and racemes of scarlet to coral red flowers and black seeds; cultivated as an ornamental
Corallorhiza maculata: common coral root having yellowish- or reddish- or purplish-brown leafless stems bearing loose racemes of similarly colored flowers with white purple-spotted lips; Guatemala to Canada
Corallorhiza striata: nearly leafless wildflower with erect reddish-purple stems bearing racemes of pale pinkish and brownish-striped flowers; western Canada to Mexico
Corallorhiza trifida: plant having clumps of nearly leafless pale yellowish to greenish stems bearing similarly colored flowers with white lower lips; northern New Mexico north through South Dakota and Washington to Alaska
corchorus: any of various plants of the genus Corchorus having large leaves and cymose clusters of yellow flowers; a source of jute
cord grass: any of several perennial grasses of the genus Spartina; some important as coastal soil binders
cordate leaf: a heart-shaped leaf
Cordia alliodora: large tropical American tree of the genus Cordia grown for its abundant creamy white flowers and valuable wood
Cordia gerascanthus: tropical American timber tree
Cordyline australis: elegant tree having either a single trunk or a branching trunk each with terminal clusters of long narrow leaves and large panicles of fragrant white, yellow or red flowers; New Zealand
Cordyline terminalis: shrub with terminal tufts of elongated leaves used locally for thatching and clothing; thick sweet roots are used as food; tropical southeastern Asia, Australia and Hawaii
Coreopsis gigantea: large treelike shrub having feathery leaves and clusters of large yellow flower heads; coastal southern California
Coreopsis maritima: stout herb with flowers one to a stalk; ornamental developed from a Mexican wildflower
Coreopsis tinctoria: North American annual widely cultivated for its yellow flowers with purple-red to brownish centers; in some classifications placed in a subgenus Calliopsis
coreopsis: any of numerous plants of the genus Coreopsis having a profusion of showy usually yellow daisylike flowers over long periods; North and South America
Coriandrum sativum: Old World herb with aromatic leaves and seed resembling parsley
corm: solid swollen underground bulb-shaped stem or stem base and serving as a reproductive structure
cormous plant: plant growing from a corm
corn: (Great Britain) any of various cereal plants (especially the dominant crop of the region--wheat in Great Britain or oats in Scotland and Ireland)
corn: the dried grains or kernels or corn used as animal feed or ground for meal
corn lily: any of several South African plants of the genus Ixia having grasslike leaves and clusters of showy variously colored lily-like flowers; widely cultivated
corn salad: a plant of the genus Valerianella
corn silk: each of the long filamentous styles that grow as a silky tuft at the tip of an ear of Indian corn
corn smut: a smut fungus attacking Indian corn
corn stalk: the stalk of a corn plant
cornel: a tree of shrub of the genus Cornus often having showy bracts resembling flowers
cornhusk: the husk of an ear of corn
Cornish heath: bushy shrub having pink to white flowers; common on the moors of Cornwall and in southwestern Europe; cultivated elsewhere
Cornus amomum: shrub of eastern North America having purplish stems and blue fruit
Cornus canadensis: creeping perennial herb distinguished by red berries and clustered leaf whorls at the tips of shoots; Greenland to Alaska
Cornus florida: deciduous tree; celebrated for its large white or pink bracts and stunning autumn color that is followed by red berries
Cornus mas: deciduous European shrub or small tree having bright red fruit
Cornus obliqua: shrub of eastern North America closely resembling silky cornel
Cornus stolonifera: common North American shrub with reddish purple twigs and white flowers
corolla: (botany) the whorl of petals of a flower that collectively form an inner floral envelope or layer of the perianth
corona: (botany) the trumpet-shaped or cup-shaped outgrowth of the corolla of a daffodil or narcissus flower
coronilla: any of various plants of the genus Coronilla having purple or pink or yellow flowers in long axillary heads or umbels
Coronilla varia: European herb resembling vetch; naturalized in the eastern United States; having umbels of pink-and-white flowers and sharp-angled pods
corozo: any of several tropical American palms bearing corozo nuts
Cortaderia richardii: tall grass of New Zealand grown for plumelike flower heads
Cortaderia selloana: tall perennial grass of pampas of South America having silvery plumes and growing in large dense clumps
Corticium salmonicolor: fungus causing pink disease in citrus and coffee and rubber trees etc
Corticium solani: fungus causing bottom rot in lettuce
cortina: a cobwebby partial veil consisting of silky fibrils
Cortinarius armillatus: a fungus with large tawny caps and pale cinnamon gills and a red band of veil around the stalk; usually found near birch trees
Cortinarius atkinsonianus: an edible fungus with a slimy viscid cap that is initially yellow but turns olive and then tawny; flesh is lavender
Cortinarius corrugatus: a fungus with a viscid wrinkled tawny cap; the stalk has a basal bulb that diminishes as the stalk elongates; the gills are dark violet at first but soon turn brown
Cortinarius gentilis: a poisonous fungus with a bright yellow brown cap and a long cinnamon colored stalk
Cortinarius semisanguineus: a fungus with a dry brown cap and rusty red gills and a yellowish stalk
Cortinarius subfoetidus: a fungus with a sticky lavender cap and stalk that whitish above and covered with a silky lavender sheath
Cortinarius violaceus: a fungus that is violet overall with a squamulose cap
corydalis: a plant of the genus Corydalis with beautiful compound foliage and spurred tubular flowers
Corydalis claviculata: annual vine with decompound leaves and racemes of yellow and pink flowers
Corydalis sempervirens: glaucous herb of northeastern United States and Canada having loose racemes of yellow-tipped pink flowers; sometimes placed in genus Fumaria
Corydalis solida: herb of northern Europe and Asia having erect racemes of red flowers
Corylus americana: nut-bearing shrub of eastern North America
Corylus avellana grandis: small nut-bearing tree much grown in Europe
Corylus cornuta: hazel of western United States with conspicuous beaklike involucres on the nuts
corymb: flat-topped or convex inflorescence in which the individual flower stalks grow upward from various points on the main stem to approximately the same height; outer flowers open first
Corypha gebanga: large-leaved palm of Malay to Philippines and northern Australia; leaves used for thatching or plaiting into containers
Corypha umbraculifera: tall palm of southern India and Sri Lanka with gigantic leaves used as umbrellas and fans or cut into strips for writing paper
coryphantha: a cactus of the genus Coryphantha
cosmea: any of various mostly Mexican herbs of the genus Cosmos having radiate heads of variously colored flowers and pinnate leaves; popular fall-blooming annuals
Cotinus americanus: shrubby tree of southern United States having large plumes of feathery flowers resembling puffs of smoke
Cotinus coggygria: Old World shrub having large plumes of yellowish feathery flowers resembling puffs of smoke
cotoneaster: any shrub of the genus Cotoneaster: erect or creeping shrubs having richly colored autumn foliage and many small white to pinkish flowers followed by tiny red or black fruits
Cotoneaster dammeri: climbing evergreen shrub with white flowers and red berries; often used as ground cover
Cotoneaster horizontalis: deciduous flat-growing shrub with a fanned herringbone pattern and having reddish flowers and orange-red berries; used as a ground cover
cottage tulip: any of several long-stemmed tulips that flower in May; have egg-shaped variously colored flowers
cotton grass: any sedge of the genus Eriophorum; north temperate bog plants with tufted spikes
cotton rose: any plant of the genus Filago having capitate clusters of small woolly flower heads
cotton: erect bushy mallow plant or small tree bearing bolls containing seeds with many long hairy fibers
cottonseed: seed of cotton plants; source of cottonseed oil
cottonweed: any of various plants of the genus Froelichia found in sandy soils and on rocky slopes in warmer regions of America; grown for their spikes of woolly white flowers
cottonwood: any of several North American trees of the genus Populus having a tuft of cottony hairs on the seed
Cotula coronopifolia: South African herb with golden-yellow globose flower heads; naturalized in moist areas along coast of California; cultivated as an ornamental
cotyledon: embryonic leaf in seed-bearing plants
coumara nut: fragrant black nutlike seeds of the tonka bean tree; used in perfumes and medicines and as a substitute for vanilla
Coumarouna odorata: tall tropical South American tree having pulpy egg-shaped pods of fragrant black almond-shaped seeds used for flavoring
courbaril copal: resin from the courbaril tree
courgette: marrow squash plant whose fruit are eaten when small
cover crop: crop planted to prevent soil erosion and provide green manure
covered smut: a smut fungus causing a smut disease of grains in which the spore masses are covered or held together by the grain membranes
cowage: pods of the cowage plant or the stinging hairs covering them; used as a vermifuge when mixed with e.g. honey
crab apple: any of numerous varieties of crab apples cultivated for their small acidic (usually bright red) fruit used for preserves or as ornamentals for their blossoms
crab apple: any of numerous wild apple trees usually with small acidic fruit
crab grass: grasses with creeping stems that root freely; a pest in lawns
Crambe maritima: perennial of coastal sands and shingles of northern Europe and Baltic and Black Seas having racemes of small white flowers and large fleshy blue-green leaves often used as potherbs
cranberry: any of numerous shrubs of genus Vaccinium bearing cranberries
crane's bill: any of numerous geraniums of the genus Geranium
Crataegus aestivalis: hawthorn of southern United States bearing a juicy, acidic, scarlet fruit that is often used in jellies or preserves
Crataegus biltmoreana: common shrub or small tree of the eastern United States having few thorns and white flowers in corymbs followed by bright orange-red berries
Crataegus calpodendron: erect and almost thornless American hawthorn with somewhat pear-shaped berries
Crataegus coccinea mollis: American red-fruited hawthorn with stems and leaves densely covered with short woolly hairs
Crataegus crus-galli: eastern United States hawthorn with long straight thorns
Crataegus marshallii: southern United States hawthorn with pinnately lobed leaves
Crataegus monogyna: European hawthorn having deeply cleft leaves and bright red fruits; widely cultivated in many varieties and often grown as impenetrable hedges; established as an escape in eastern North America
Crataegus oxyacantha: evergreen hawthorn of southeastern Europe
Crataegus oxycantha: thorny Eurasian shrub of small tree having dense clusters of white to scarlet flowers followed by deep red berries; established as an escape in eastern North America
Crataegus pedicellata: American red-fruited hawthorn with dense corymbs of pink-red flowers
crazy weed: any of several leguminous plants of western North America causing locoism in livestock
creeper: any plant (as ivy or periwinkle) that grows by creeping
creeping St John's wort: creeping evergreen shrub with bright yellow star-shaped summer flowers; useful as ground cover
crenate leaf: a leaf having a scalloped margin
Crescentia cujete: tropical American evergreen that produces large round gourds
cress: any of various plants of the family Cruciferae with edible leaves that have a pungent taste
crocus: any of numerous low-growing plants of the genus Crocus having slender grasslike leaves and white or yellow or purple flowers; native chiefly to the Mediterranean region but widely cultivated
Crocus sativus: Old World crocus having purple or white flowers with aromatic pungent orange stigmas used in flavoring food
Cronartium ribicola: fungus causing white pine blister rust and having a complex life cycle requiring a plant of genus Ribes as alternate host
crooked-stemmed aster: a variety of aster
crop: a cultivated plant that is grown commercially on a large scale
crop: the yield from plants in a single growing season
crotal: any of several lichens of the genus Parmelia from which reddish brown or purple dyes are made
Crotalaria sagitallis: tropical American annual herb having an inflated pod in which the ripe seeds rattle
Crotalaria spectabilis: erect subshrub having purple-tinted flowers and an inflated pod in which the ripe seeds rattle; India
crotalaria: any of various plants of the genus Crotalaria having inflated pods within which the seeds rattle; used for pasture and green-manure crops
Croton eluteria: West Indian shrub with aromatic bark
croton oil: viscid acrid brownish-yellow oil from the seeds of Croton tiglium having a violent cathartic action
Croton tiglium: tropical Asiatic shrub; source of croton oil
crowberry: a low evergreen shrub with small purple flowers and black berrylike fruit
crown beard: any plant of the genus Verbesina having clustered white or yellow flower heads
crown: the upper branches and leaves of a tree or other plant
crucifer: any of various plants of the family Cruciferae
crustose thallus: thin crusty lichen thallus; adheres closely to or is embedded in the surface on which it grows
cryptocoryne: any plant of the genus Cryptocoryne; evergreen perennials growing in fresh or brackish water; tropical Asia
cryptogam: formerly recognized taxonomic group including all flowerless and seedless plants that reproduce by means of spores: ferns, mosses, algae, fungi
Cryptogamia: in former classification systems: one of two major plant divisions, including all plants that do not bear seeds: ferns, mosses, algae, fungi
Cryptogramma acrostichoides: rock-inhabiting fern of northern North America growing in massive tufts and having fronds resembling parsley
Cryptomeria japonica: tall evergreen of Japan and China yielding valuable soft wood
cube: any of several tropical American woody plants of the genus Lonchocarpus whose roots are used locally as a fish poison and commercially as a source of rotenone
cubeb: spicy fruit of the cubeb vine; when dried and crushed is used medicinally or in perfumery and sometimes smoked in cigarettes
Cucumis melo: any of several varieties of vine whose fruit has a netted rind and edible flesh and a musky smell
Cucumis melo cantalupensis: a variety of muskmelon vine having fruit with a tan rind and orange flesh
Cucumis melo inodorus: any of a variety of muskmelon vines having fruit with a smooth white rind and white or greenish flesh that does not have a musky smell
Cucumis melo reticulatus: a muskmelon vine with fruit that has a thin reticulated rind and sweet green flesh
Cucumis sativus: a melon vine of the genus Cucumis; cultivated from earliest times for its cylindrical green fruit
cucurbit: any plant of the family Cucurbitaceae
Cucurbita argyrosperma: plant bearing squash having globose to ovoid fruit with variously striped grey and green and white warty rinds
Cucurbita foetidissima: perennial vine of dry parts of central and southwestern United States and Mexico having small hard mottled green inedible fruit
Cucurbita maxima: plant bearing buff-colored squash having somewhat bottle-shaped fruit with fine-textured edible flesh and a smooth thin rind
Cucurbita maxima: any of several winter squash plants producing large greyish-green football-shaped fruit with a rough warty rind
Cucurbita maxima turbaniformis: squash plants bearing hard-shelled fruit shaped somewhat like a turban with a rounded central portion protruding from the end opposite the stem
Cucurbita moschata: any of various plants bearing squash having hard rinds and elongated recurved necks
Cucurbita pepo: a coarse vine widely cultivated for its large pulpy round orange fruit with firm orange skin and numerous seeds; subspecies of Cucurbita pepo include the summer squashes and a few autumn squashes
Cucurbita pepo melopepo: any of various usually bushy plants producing fruit that is eaten while immature and before the rind or seeds harden
cudweed: any of numerous plants of the genus Gnaphalium having flowers that can be dried without loss of form or color
Culcita dubia: resembles Pteridium aquilinum; of Queensland, Australia
culm: stem of plants of the Gramineae
cultivar: a variety of a plant developed from a natural species and maintained under cultivation
cultivated parsnip: European biennial having a long fusiform root that has been made palatable through cultivation
cultivated plant: plants that are grown for their produce
Cuminum cyminum: dwarf Mediterranean annual long cultivated for its aromatic seeds
cumquat: any of several trees or shrubs of the genus Fortunella bearing small orange-colored edible fruits with thick sweet-flavored skin and sour pulp
cuneate leaf: a wedge-shaped leaf having the acute angle at the base
cup: cup-shaped plant organ
cup fungus: any fungus that is a member of the subclass Discomycetes
cupflower: any of various plants of the genus Nierembergia having upturned bell-shaped flowers
Cupressus arizonica: Arizona timber tree with bluish silvery foliage
Cupressus goveniana: small sometimes shrubby tree native to California; often used as an ornamental; in some classification systems includes the pygmy cypress and the Santa Cruz cypress
Cupressus goveniana abramsiana: rare California cypress taller than but closely related to gowen cypress and sometimes considered the same species
Cupressus goveniana pigmaea: rare small cypress native to northern California; sometimes considered the same species as gowen cypress
Cupressus guadalupensis: relatively low wide-spreading endemic on Guadalupe Island; cultivated for its bluish foliage
Cupressus lusitanica: tall spreading evergreen found in Mexico having drooping branches; believed to have been introduced into Portugal from Goa
Cupressus macrocarpa: tall California cypress endemic on Monterey Bay; widely used for ornament as well as reforestation and shelterbelt planting
Cupressus sempervirens: tall Eurasian cypress with thin grey bark and ascending branches
Curcuma domestica: widely cultivated tropical plant of India having yellow flowers and a large aromatic deep yellow rhizome; source of a condiment and a yellow dye
currant: any of various deciduous shrubs of the genus Ribes bearing currants
Cuscuta gronovii: leafless parasitic vine with dense clusters of small white bell-shaped flowers on orange-yellow stems that twine around clover or flax
custard apple: any of several tropical American trees bearing fruit with soft edible pulp
cutch: tannin extract derived from any of several mangrove barks of Pacific areas
cutting: a part (sometimes a root or leaf or bud) removed from a plant to propagate a new plant through rooting or grafting
Cyamopsis tetragonolobus: drought-tolerant herb grown for forage and for its seed which yield a gum used as a thickening agent or sizing material
Cyathea medullaris: a showy tree fern of New Zealand and Australia having a crown of pinnated fronds with whitish undersides
cycad: any tropical gymnosperm of the order Cycadales; having unbranched stems with a crown of fernlike leaves
Cycas circinalis: southeastern Indian cycad with palmlike foliage
Cycas revoluta: dwarf palmlike cycad of Japan that yields sago
Cyclamen neopolitanum: common wild European cyclamen with pink flowers
Cyclamen purpurascens: Mediterranean plant widely cultivated as a houseplant for its showy dark green leaves splotched with silver and nodding white or pink to reddish flowers with reflexed petals
Cycloloma atriplicifolium: bushy annual weed of central North America having greenish flowers and winged seeds
Cyclophorus lingua: east Asian fern having fronds shaped like tongues; sometimes placed in genus Cyclophorus
Cydonia oblonga: small Asian tree with pinkish flowers and pear-shaped fruit; widely cultivated
cymbid: any of various plants of the genus Cymbidium having narrow leaves and a long drooping cluster of numerous showy and variously colored boat-shaped flowers; extensively hybridized and cultivated as houseplants and important florists' flowers
cyme: more or less flat-topped cluster of flowers in which the central or terminal flower opens first
cymling: squash plant having flattened round fruit with a scalloped edge; usually greenish white
cymule: a small cyme, generally with few flowers
cynancum: any of various mostly giant tropical lianas of Africa and Madagascar having greenish or purple flowers and long smooth pods; roots formerly used as an emetic
Cynara cardunculus: southern European plant having spiny leaves and purple flowers cultivated for its edible leafstalks and roots
Cynara scolymus: Mediterranean thistlelike plant widely cultivated for its large edible flower head
Cynodon dactylon: trailing grass native to Europe now cosmopolitan in warm regions; used for lawns and pastures especially in southern United States and India
Cynodon plectostachyum: perennial grass having stems 3 to 4 feet high; used especially in Africa and India for pasture and hay
Cynoglossum officinale: biennial shrub of Europe and western Asia having coarse tongue-shaped leaves and dark reddish-purple flowers
Cynoglossum virginaticum: perennial shrub of North America having coarse tongue-shaped leaves and pale-blue to purple flowers
Cyperus alternifolius: African sedge widely cultivated as an ornamental water plant for its terminal umbrellalike cluster of slender grasslike leaves
Cyperus esculentus: European sedge having small edible nutlike tubers
Cyperus longus: European sedge having rough-edged leaves and spikelets of reddish flowers and aromatic roots
Cyperus rotundus: a widely distributed perennial sedge having small edible nutlike tubers
cypress: wood of any of various cypress trees especially of the genus Cupressus
cypress pine: any of several evergreen trees or shrubs of Australia and northern New Caledonia
cypress: any of numerous evergreen conifers of the genus Cupressus of north temperate regions having dark scalelike leaves and rounded cones
cypripedia: a plant or flower of the genus Cypripedium
Cypripedium acaule: once common rose pink woodland orchid of eastern North America
Cypripedium arietinum: orchid of northern North America having a brownish-green flower and red-and-white lip suggestive of a ram's head
Cypripedium calceolus pubescens: plant of eastern and central North America having slightly fragrant purple-marked greenish-yellow flowers
Cypripedium fasciculatum: clusters of several short stems each having 2 broad leaves and 2-4 drooping brownish to greenish flowers with pouches mottled with purple; British Columbia to central California and northern Colorado
Cypripedium montanum: leafy plant having a few stems in a clump with 1 white and dull purple flower in each upper leaf axil; Alaska to northern California and Wyoming
Cypripedium parviflorum: maroon to purple-brown orchid with yellow lip; Europe, North America and Japan
Cypripedium reginae: pale pink wild orchid of northeastern America having an inflated pouchlike lip
Cyrilla racemiflora: shrub or small tree of southeastern United States to West Indies and Brazil; grown for the slender racemes of white flowers and orange and crimson foliage
Cystopteris bulbifera: North American fern often bearing bulbils on the leaflets
Cystopteris fragilis: delicate fern widely distributed in North America and European having thin pinnatifid fronds with brittle stems
Cystopteris montana: fern of rocky mountainous areas of hemisphere
Cytisus multiflorus: low European broom having trifoliate leaves and yellowish-white flowers
Cytisus ramentaceus: erect shrub having large trifoliate leaves and dense clusters of yellow flowers followed by poisonous seeds; Yugoslavia; sometimes placed in genus Cytisus
Cytisus scoparius: deciduous erect spreading broom native to western Europe; widely cultivated for its rich yellow flowers
Daboecia cantabrica: low straggling evergreen shrub of western Europe represented by several varieties with flowers from white to rose-purple
Dacrycarpus dacrydioides: New Zealand evergreen valued for its light easily worked wood
Dacrydium colensoi: New Zealand silver pine of conical habit with long slender flexuous branches; adapted to cold wet summers and high altitudes
Dacrydium cupressinum: tall New Zealand timber tree
Dactylis glomerata: widely grown stout Old World hay and pasture grass
Dactyloctenium aegypticum: a creeping grass with spikes like fingers
Dactylorhiza maculata fuchsii: European orchid having lanceolate leaves spotted purple and pink to white or mauve flowers spotted or lined deep red or purple
Dahlia pinnata: any of several plants of or developed from the species Dahlia pinnata having tuberous roots and showy rayed variously colored flower heads; native to the mountains of Mexico and Central America and Colombia
daily dew: any of various bog plants of the genus Drosera having leaves covered with sticky hairs that trap and digest insects; cosmopolitan in distribution
daisy: any of numerous composite plants having flower heads with well-developed ray flowers usually arranged in a single whorl
daisy bush: any of various mostly Australian attractively shaped shrubs of the genus Olearia grown for their handsome and sometimes fragrant evergreen foliage and profusion of daisy flowers with white or purple or blue rays
Dalbergia cearensis: Brazilian tree yielding a handsome cabinet wood
Dalbergia retusa: a valuable timber tree of tropical South America
Dalbergia sissoo: East Indian tree whose leaves are used for fodder; yields a compact dark brown durable timber used in shipbuilding and making railroad ties
Dalbergia stevensonii: Central American tree yielding a valuable dark streaked rosewood
Dalea spinosa: greyish-green shrub of desert regions of southwestern United States and Mexico having sparse foliage and terminal spikes of bluish violet flowers; locally important as source of a light-colored honey of excellent flavor
Dalmatian iris: European iris having soft lilac-blue flowers
dammar pine: any of various trees of the genus Agathis; yield dammar resin
dandelion green: the foliage of the dandelion plant
daphne: any of several ornamental shrubs with shiny mostly evergreen leaves and clusters of small bell-shaped flowers
Daphne cneorum: widely cultivated low evergreen shrub with dense clusters of fragrant pink to deep rose flowers
Daphne laureola: bushy Eurasian shrub with glossy leathery oblong leaves and yellow-green flowers
darling pea: either of two Australian plants of the genus Swainsona that are poisonous to sheep
Darlingtonia californica: marsh or bog herb having solitary pendulous yellow-green flowers and somewhat twisted pitchers with broad wings below
Darwin tulip: any of several very tall, late blooming tulips bearing large squarish flowers on sturdy stems
Datura stramonium: intensely poisonous tall coarse annual tropical weed having rank-smelling foliage, large white or violet trumpet-shaped flowers and prickly fruits
Daucus carota sativa: perennial plant widely cultivated as an annual in many varieties for its long conical orange edible roots; temperate and tropical regions
daughter cell: a cell formed by the division or budding of another cell
Davalia bullata mariesii: feathery fern of tropical Asia and Malaysia
davallia: any fern of the genus Davallia; having scaly creeping rhizomes
day lily: any of numerous perennials having tuberous roots and long narrow bladelike leaves and usually yellow lily-like flowers that bloom for only a day
day lily: any of numerous perennials having mounds of sumptuous broad ribbed leaves and clusters of white, blue, or lilac flowers; used as ground cover
dayflower: any plant of the family Commelinaceae
dead nettle: any of various plants of the genus Lamium having clusters of small usually purplish flowers with two lips
deadwood: a branch or a part of a tree that is dead
death camas: any of various plants of the genus Zigadenus having glaucous leaves and terminal racemes of mostly white flowers; all are poisonous
deccan hemp: fiber from an East Indian plant Hibiscus cannabinus
deciduous holly: a holly tree
deciduous plant: a plant having foliage that is shed annually at the end of the growing season
decompound leaf: a leaf having divisions that are themselves compound
Decumaria barbata: woody climber of southeastern United States having white flowers in compound terminal clusters
deer grass: any of several plants of the genus Rhexia usually having pink-purple to magenta flowers; eastern North America
delphinium: any plant of the genus Delphinium having palmately divided leaves and showy spikes of variously colored spurred flowers; some contain extremely poisonous substances
Delphinium ajacis: commonly cultivated larkspur of southern Europe having unbranched spikelike racemes of blue or sometimes purplish or pinkish flowers; sometime placed in genus Delphinium
deltoid leaf: a simple leaf shaped like a capital delta
Dendranthema grandifloruom: of China
dendrobium: a plant of the genus Dendrobium having stems like cane and usually showy racemose flowers
Dendrocalamus giganteus: immense tropical southeast Asian bamboo with tough hollow culms that resemble tree trunks
Dennstaedtia punctilobula: fern of eastern North America with pale green fronds and an aroma like hay
dentate leaf: a leaf having a toothed margin
denticulate leaf: a leaf having a finely toothed margin; minutely dentate
derris: any of various usually woody vines of the genus Derris of tropical Asia whose roots yield the insecticide rotenone; several are sources of native fish and arrow poisons
Derris elliptica: woody vine having bright green leaves and racemes of rose-tinted white flowers; the swollen roots contain rotenone
Descurainia pinnata: North American herb with bitter-tasting pinnate leaves resembling those of tansy
desert plant: plant adapted for life with a limited supply of water; compare hydrophyte and mesophyte
Desmanthus ilinoensis: perennial herb of North American prairies having dense heads of small white flowers
Desmodium tortuosum: West Indian forage plant cultivated in southern United States as forage and to improve soil
deutzia: any of various shrubs of the genus Deutzia having usually toothed opposite leaves and shredding bark and white or pink flowers in loose terminal clusters
devil's cigar: a common name for a variety of Sarcosomataceae
devil's urn: a common name for a variety of Sarcosomataceae
dewberry: any of several trailing blackberry brambles especially of North America
dhava: an Indian tree of the family Combretaceae that is a source of timber and gum
Diangus gratianopolitanus: mat-forming perennial of central Europe with large fragrant pink or red flowers
Dianthus barbatus: Eurasian pink widely cultivated for its flat-topped dense clusters of varicolored flowers
Dianthus caryophyllus: Eurasian plant with pink to purple-red spice-scented usually double flowers; widely cultivated in many varieties and many colors
Dianthus chinensis: Chinese pink with deeply toothed rose-lilac flowers with a purplish eye; usually raised as an annual
Dianthus chinensis heddewigii: a flowering variety of China pink distinguished by jagged-edged petals
Dianthus deltoides: low-growing loosely mat-forming Eurasian pink with a single pale pink flower with a crimson center
Dianthus latifolius: much-branched pink with flowers in clusters; closely related to sweet William
Dianthus plumarius: European pink cultivated for its very fragrant pink or rosy flowers
Dianthus supurbus: Eurasian perennial pink having fragrant lilac or rose flowers with deeply fringed margins
diapensia: any boreal low-growing evergreen plant of the genus Diapensia
Dicentra canadensis: American plant with cream-colored flowers and tuberous roots resembling kernels of corn
Dicentra spectabilis: garden plant having deep-pink drooping heart-shaped flowers
Dichondra micrantha: a creeping perennial herb with hairy stems and orbicular to reniform leaves and small white to greenish flowers; used as a grass substitute in warm regions
Dicksonia antarctica: of Australia and Tasmania; often cultivated; hardy in cool climates
dicot family: family of flowering plants having two cotyledons (embryonic leaves) in the seed which usually appear at germination
dicot genus: genus of flowering plants having two cotyledons (embryonic leaves) in the seed which usually appear at germination
dicot: flowering plant with two cotyledons; the stem grows by deposit on its outside
Dictamnus alba: Eurasian perennial herb with white flowers that emit flammable vapor in hot weather
dictostylium: any slime mold of the genus Dictostylium
Dieffenbachia sequine: an evergreen plant with large showy dark green leaves; contains a poison that swells the tongue and throat hence the name
Diervilla lonicera: spreading bush of northeastern United States having small clusters of fragrant green and yellow flowers
Diervilla sessilifolia: bush honeysuckle of southeastern United States having large crowded clusters of sulfur-yellow flowers
Digitalis lutea: European yellow-flowered foxglove
Digitalis purpurea: tall leafy European biennial or perennial having spectacular clusters of large tubular pink-purple flowers; leaves yield drug digitalis and are poisonous to livestock
digitalis: any of several plants of the genus Digitalis
Digitaria ischaemum: a weed
Digitaria sanguinalis: a European forage grass grown for hay; a naturalized weed in United States
dillenia: any of several evergreen trees or shrubs of the genus Dillenia grown for their foliage and nodding flowers resembling magnolias which are followed by fruit that is used in curries and jellies and preserves
dilleniid dicot family: family of more or less advanced dicotyledonous trees and shrubs and herbs
dilleniid dicot genus: genus of more or less advanced dicotyledonous trees and shrubs and herbs
Dimocarpus longan: tree of southeastern Asia to Australia grown primarily for its sweet edible fruit resembling litchi nuts; sometimes placed in genera Euphorbia or Nephelium
Dionaea muscipula: carnivorous plant of coastal plains of the Carolinas having sensitive hinged marginally bristled leaf blades that close and entrap insects
dioon: any cycad of the genus Dioon; handsome palmlike cycads with robust crowns of leaves and rugged trunks
Dioscorea alata: grown in Australasia and Polynesia for its large root with fine edible white flesh
Dioscorea batata: hardy Chinese vine naturalized in United States and cultivated as an ornamental climber for its glossy heart-shaped cinnamon-scented leaves and in the tropics for its edible tubers
Dioscorea bulbifera: yam of tropical Africa and Asia cultivated for it large tubers
Dioscorea elephantipes: South African vine having a massive rootstock covered with deeply fissured bark
Dioscorea paniculata: having a rhizome formerly dried and used to treat rheumatism or liver disorders
Dioscorea trifida: tropical American yam with small yellow edible tubers
Diospyros ebenum: tropical tree of southern Asia having hard dark-colored heartwood used in cabinetwork
Diospyros kurzii: large Asiatic tree having hard marbled zebrawood
Diospyros lotus: an Asiatic persimmon tree cultivated for its small yellow or purplish-black edible fruit much valued by Afghan tribes
Diospyros virginiana: medium-sized tree of dry woodlands in the southern and eastern United States bearing yellow or orange very astringent fruit that is edible when fully ripe
Diplazium pycnocarpon: North American fern with narrow fronds on yellowish leafstalks
Diplopterygium longissimum: large scrambling fern forming large patches to 18 feet high; Pacific region and China
Diplotaxis erucoides: from Mediterranean region; a naturalized weed throughout southern Europe
Diplotaxis tenuifolia: yellow-flowered European plant that grows on old walls and in waste places; an adventive weed in North America
Dipsacus fullonum: teasel with lilac flowers native to Old World but naturalized in North America; dried flower heads used to raise a nap on woolen cloth
Dipsacus sativus: similar to the common teasel and similarly used; widespread in Europe and North Africa and western Asia; naturalized in United States
Dipsacus sylvestris: European teasel with white to pink flowers; naturalized in United States
dipterocarp: tree of the family Dipterocarpaceae
Dirca palustris: deciduous shrub of eastern North America having tough flexible branches and pliable bark and small yellow flowers
disa: any orchid of the genus Disa; beautiful orchids with dark green leaves and usually hooded flowers; much prized as emblematic flowers in their native regions
discina: any fungus of the genus Discina
Discina macrospora: a discina with a flat or saucer-shaped fertile body that is brown on the upper surface; has a short stalk; not recommended for eating
Disciotis venosa: an edible morel with a cup-shaped or saucer-shaped fruiting body can be up to 20 cm wide; the fertile surface inside the cup has wrinkles radiating from the center; can be easily confused with inedible mushrooms
dishcloth gourd: any of several tropical annual climbers having large yellow flowers and edible young fruits; grown commercially for the mature fruit's dried fibrous interior that is used as a sponge
divi-divi: twisted seed pods of the divi-divi tree; source of tannin
division Bryophyta: a division of nonflowering plants characterized by rhizoids rather than true roots and having little or no organized vascular tissue and showing alternation of generations between gamete-bearing forms and spore-bearing forms; comprises true mosses (Bryopsida) and liverworts (Hepaticopsida) and hornworts (Anthoceropsida)
division Eumycota: true fungi; eukaryotic heterotrophic walled organisms; distinguished from Myxomycota (funguslike slime molds): comprises subdivisions Mastigomycotina; Zygomycotina; Ascomycotina; Basidiomycotina; Deuteromycotina (imperfect fungi)
division Gymnomycota: slime molds; organisms having a noncellular and multinucleate creeping vegetative phase and a propagative spore-producing stage: comprises Myxomycetes and Acrasiomycetes; in some classifications placed in the kingdom Protoctista
division Gymnospermophyta: plants having naked seeds not enclosed in an ovary; in some systems considered a class (Gymnospermae) and in others a division (Gymnospermophyta); comprises three subdivisions (or classes): Cycadophytina (class Cycadopsida) and Gnetophytina (class Gnetopsida) and Coniferophytina (class Coniferopsida); in some classifications the Coniferophytina are divided into three groups: Pinophytina (class Pinopsida) and Ginkgophytina (class Ginkgopsida) and Taxophytina (class Taxopsida)
division Lichenes: comprising the lichens which grow symbiotically with algae; sometimes treated as an independent group more or less coordinate with algae and fungi
division Magnoliophyta: comprising flowering plants that produce seeds enclosed in an ovary; in some systems considered a class (Angiospermae) and in others a division (Magnoliophyta or Anthophyta)
division Pteridophyta: containing all the vascular plants that do not bear seeds: ferns, horsetails, club mosses, and whisk ferns; in some classifications considered a subdivision of Tracheophyta
division Spermatophyta: seed plants; comprises the Angiospermae (or Magnoliophyta) and Gymnospermae (or Gymnospermophyta); in some classification systems Spermatophyta is coordinate with Pteridophyta (spore producing plants having vascular tissue and roots) and Bryophyta (spore producing plants lacking vascular tissue and roots)
division Tracheophyta: in former classifications: comprising plants with a vascular system including ferns and fern allies as well as seed plants
dock: any of certain coarse weedy plants with long taproots, sometimes used as table greens or in folk medicine
dodder: a leafless annual parasitic vine of the genus Cuscuta having whitish or yellow filamentous stems; obtain nourishment through haustoria
dog's-tooth violet: perennial woodland spring-flowering plant; widely cultivated
dogbane: any of several poisonous perennial plants of the genus Apocynum having acrid milky juice and bell-shaped white or pink flowers and a very bitter root
dogwood: hard tough wood of any dogwood of the genus Cornus; resembles boxwood
Dolichos lignosus: South African evergreen partly woody vine grown for its clusters of rosy purple flowers followed by edible pods like snap beans; also grown as green manure; sometimes placed in genus Dolichos
domatium: a part of a plant (e.g., a leaf) that has been modified to provide protection for insects or mites or fungi
dombeya: any of various shrubs or small trees of the genus Dombeya grown for their rounded clusters of exquisite often sweet-scented flowers usually hanging beneath the leaves
Dominican mahogany: mahogany tree of West Indies
doodia: any fern of the genus Doodia having pinnate fronds with sharply dentate pinnae
Dorotheanthus bellidiformis: low-growing showy succulent annual of South Africa having white or pink or red or orange flowers and spatulate leaves covered in papillae that resemble small crystals
Doryopteris pedata: tropical American fern with coarsely lobed to palmatifid fronds
douglas fir: tall evergreen timber tree of western North America having resinous wood and short needles
douglas fir: strong durable timber of a douglas fir
Dovyalis caffra: vigorous South African spiny shrub grown for its round yellow juicy edible fruits
Dovyalis hebecarpa: a small shrubby spiny tree cultivated for its maroon-purple fruit with sweet purple pulp tasting like gooseberries; Sri Lanka and India
downy mildew: any of various fungi of the family Peronosporaceae parasitic on e.g. grapes and potatoes and melons
draba: any of numerous low-growing cushion-forming plants of the genus Draba having rosette-forming leaves and terminal racemes of small flowers with scapose or leafy stems; fruit is a dehiscent oblong or linear silique
Draba verna: annual weed of Europe and North America having a rosette of basal leaves and tiny flowers followed by oblong seed capsules
dracaena: an agave that is often cultivated for its decorative foliage
Dracaena draco: tall tree of the Canary Islands; source of dragon's blood
Dracocephalum parviflorum: American herb having sharply serrate lanceolate leaves and spikes of blue to violet flowers
dracontium: any plant of the genus Dracontium; strongly malodorous tropical American plants usually with gigantic leaves
Dracunculus vulgaris: European arum resembling the cuckoopint
Drimys winteri: South American evergreen tree yielding winter's bark and a light soft wood similar to basswood
dropseed: a grass of the genus Sporobolus
Drosophyllum lusitanicum: perennial of dry habitats whose leaves have glandular hairs that secrete adhesive and digestive fluid for capture and digestion of insects; Portugal, southern Spain and Morocco
drupe: fleshy indehiscent fruit with a single seed: e.g. almond; peach; plum; cherry; elderberry; olive; jujube
drupelet: a small part of an aggregate fruit that resembles a drupe
dry rot: a fungus causing dry rot
Dryas octopetala: creeping evergreen shrub with large white flowers; widely distributed in northern portions of Eurasia and North America
Drynaria rigidula: giant epiphytic or lithophytic fern; Asia to Polynesia and Australia
Dryopteris dilatata: European shield fern
Dryopteris filix-mas: fern of North America and Europe whose rhizomes and stalks yield an oleoresin used to expel tapeworms
Dryopteris fragrans: fern or northern Eurasia and North America having fragrant fronds
Dryopteris marginalis: North American fern with evergreen fronds
Dryopteris oreades: a fern of the genus Dryopteris
Dryopteris thelypteris: fern having pinnatifid fronds and growing in wet places; cosmopolitan in north temperate regions
Dryopteris thelypteris pubescens: fern of northeastern North America
drypis: spiny-leaved perennial herb of southern Europe having terminal clusters of small flowers
duckweed: any small or minute aquatic plant of the family Lemnaceae that float on or near the surface of shallow ponds
duct: a continuous tube formed by a row of elongated cells lacking intervening end walls
Duke of Argyll's tea tree: deciduous erect or spreading shrub with spiny branches and violet-purple flowers followed by orange-red berries; southeastern Europe to China
duramen: the older inactive central wood of a tree or woody plant; usually darker and denser than the surrounding sapwood
Durio zibethinus: tree of southeastern Asia having edible oval fruit with a hard spiny rind
Dutch case-knife bean: tropical American bean with red flowers and mottled black beans similar to Phaseolus vulgaris but perennial; a preferred food bean in Great Britain
Dutchman's breeches: delicate spring-flowering plant of the eastern United States having white flowers with double spurs
dwarf Russian almond: Asiatic shrub cultivated for its rosy red flowers
dwarf-white trillium: a low perennial white-flowered trillium found in the southeastern United States
earth-ball: any of various highly prized edible subterranean fungi of the genus Tuber; grow naturally in southwestern Europe
earthball: any of various fungi of the genus Scleroderma having hard-skinned subterranean fruiting bodies resembling truffles
earthstar: any fungus of the family Geastraceae; in form suggesting a puffball whose outer peridium splits into the shape of a star
earthtongue: any club-shaped fungus of the genus Geoglossum
east African cedar: tropical African timber tree with fragrant wood
East India kino: reddish or black juice or resin from certain trees of the genus Pterocarpus and used in medicine and tanning etc
East Indian fig tree: East Indian tree that puts out aerial shoots that grow down into the soil forming additional trunks
East Indian rosewood: East Indian tree having a useful dark purple wood
Eastern cottonwood: a common poplar of eastern and central United States; cultivated in United States for its rapid growth and luxuriant foliage and in Europe for timber
Eastern hop hornbeam: medium-sized hop hornbeam of eastern North America
Eastern silvery aster: a variety of aster
ebony: hard dark-colored heartwood of the ebony tree; used in cabinetwork and for piano keys
Eburophyton austinae: waxy white nearly leafless plant with stems in clusters and racemes of white flowers; northwestern United States to northern California and east to Idaho
Ecballium elaterium: Mediterranean vine having oblong fruit that when ripe expels its seeds and juice violently when touched
Echinocactus grusonii: large cactus of east central Mexico having golden to pale yellow flowers and spines
Echinochloa crusgalli: a coarse annual panic grass; a cosmopolitan weed; occasionally used for hay or grazing
Echium vulgare: a coarse prickly European weed with spikes of blue flowers; naturalized in United States
Egyptian corn: sorghums of dry regions of Asia and North Africa
Egyptian cotton: fine somewhat brownish long-staple cotton grown in Egypt; believed to be derived from sea island cotton or by hybridization with Peruvian cotton
Egyptian lupine: white-flowered Eurasian herb widely cultivated for forage and erosion control
Egyptian paper reed: tall sedge of the Nile valley yielding fiber that served many purposes in historic times
Egyptian water lily: white Egyptian lotus: water lily of Egypt to southeastern Africa; held sacred by the Egyptians
Eichhornia crassipes: a tropical floating aquatic plant having spikes of large blue flowers; troublesome in clogging waterways especially in southern United States
Elaeagnus augustifolia: deciduous shrubby tree of Europe and western Asia having grey leaves and small yellow fruits covered in silvery scales; sometimes spiny
Elaeagnus commutata: deciduous unarmed North American shrub with silvery leaves and fruits
Elaeagnus latifolia: erect shrub or climber of India and China with red olivelike fruit
Elaeis guineensis: oil palm of Africa
Elaeocarpus grandis: Australian tree having hard white timber and glossy green leaves with white flowers followed by one-seeded glossy blue fruit
elder: any of numerous shrubs or small trees of temperate and subtropical northern hemisphere having white flowers and berrylike fruit
elemi: fragrant resin obtain from trees of the family Burseraceae and used as incense
Eleocharis acicularis: fine-leaved aquatic spike rush; popular as aerator for aquariums
Eleocharis palustris: cylindrical-stemmed sedge
elephant's-foot: any plant of the genus Elephantopus having heads of blue or purple flowers; America
Elettaria cardamomum: rhizomatous herb of India having aromatic seeds used as seasoning
Eleusine coracana: East Indian cereal grass whose seed yield a somewhat bitter flour, a staple in the Orient
Eleusine indica: coarse annual grass having fingerlike spikes of flowers; native to Old World tropics; a naturalized weed elsewhere
elf cup: apothecium of a fungus of the family Pezizaceae
Elliott's goldenrod: a variety of goldenrod
elliptic leaf: a simple leaf shaped like an ellipse
elm: any of various trees of the genus Ulmus: important timber or shade trees
elm: hard tough wood of an elm tree; used for e.g. implements and furniture
Elodea canadensis: North American waterweed; widely naturalized in Europe
Elodea densa: aquatic plant with deep green foliage useful to oxygenate an aquarium; sometimes placed in genus Egeria
elongate leaf: a long slender leaf
elsholtzia: any of various aromatic herbs of the genus Elsholtzia having blue or purple flowers in one-sided spikes
Elymus canadensis: North American wild rye
Elymus caput-medusae: weedy rye grass having long bristling awns
emarginate leaf: a leaf having a notch at the apex
Embothrium coccineum: grown for outstanding display of brilliant usually scarlet-crimson flowers; Andes
embryo: (botany) a minute rudimentary plant contained within a seed or an archegonium
Emilia sagitta: tropical Asiatic annual cultivated for its small tassel-shaped heads of scarlet flowers
enation: a natural projection or outgrowth from a plant body or organ
Encelia farinosa: fragrant rounded shrub of southwestern United States and adjacent Mexico having brittle stems and small crowded blue-green leaves and yellow flowers; produces a resin used in incense and varnish and in folk medicine
Enceliopsis nudicaulis: herb having a basal cluster of grey-green leaves and leafless stalks each with a solitary broad yellow flower head; desert areas Idaho to Arizona
encephalartos: any of numerous cycads of the genus Encephalartos having stout cylindrical trunks and a terminal crown of long often spiny pinnate leaves
Encephalartos caffer: South African cycad; the farinaceous pith of the fruit used as food
enchanter's nightshade: any of several erect perennial rhizomatous herbs of the genus Circaea having white flowers that open at dawn; northern hemisphere
Encyclia citrina: Mexican epiphytic orchid with glaucous grey-green leaves and lemon- to golden-yellow flowers appearing only partially opened; sometimes placed in genus Cattleya
endemic: a plant that is native to a certain limited area
endocarp: the hard inner (usually woody) layer of the pericarp of some fruits (as peaches or plums or cherries or olives) that contains the seed
endogen: a monocotyledonous flowering plant; the stem grows by deposits on its inside
endosperm: nutritive tissue surrounding the embryo within seeds of flowering plants
endospore: a small asexual spore that develops inside the cell of some bacteria and algae
Engelmann's spruce: tall spruce of Rocky Mountains and British Columbia with blue-green needles and acutely conic crown; wood used for rough lumber and boxes
engelmannia: common erect hairy perennial of plains and prairies of southern and central United States having flowers that resemble sunflowers
English ryegrass: European perennial grass widely cultivated for pasture and hay and as a lawn grass
English violet: European violet typically having purple to white flowers; widely naturalized
English walnut tree: Eurasian walnut valued for its large edible nut and its hard richly figured wood; widely cultivated
Ensete ventricosum: large evergreen arborescent herb having huge paddle-shaped leaves and bearing inedible fruit that resemble bananas but edible young flower shoots; sometimes placed in genus Musa
ensiform leaf: a sword-shaped leaf; as of iris
Entandrophragma cylindricum: African tree having rather lightweight cedar-scented wood varying in color from pink to reddish brown
Enterolobium cyclocarpa: tropical South American tree having a wide-spreading crown of bipinnate leaves and coiled ear-shaped fruits; grown for shade and ornament as well as valuable timber
entire leaf: a leaf having a smooth margin without notches or indentations
Entoloma aprile: an agaric with a dark brown conical cap; fruits in early spring
Entoloma sinuatum: a deadly poisonous agaric; a large cap that is first white (livid or lead-colored) and then turns yellowish or tan
epacris: any heathlike evergreen shrub of the genus Epacris grown for their showy and crowded spikes of small bell-shaped or tubular flowers
Epacris impressa: spindly upright shrub of southern Australia and Tasmania having white to rose or purple-red flowers
Epacris obtusifolia: small erect shrub of Australia and Tasmania with fragrant ivory flowers
Epacris purpurascens: small shrub of southern and western Australia having pinkish to rosy purple tubular flowers
Ephedra sinica: Chinese ephedra yielding ephedrine
ephedra: jointed and nearly leafless desert shrub having reduced scalelike leaves and reddish fleshy seeds
epicarp: outermost layer of the pericarp of fruits as the skin of a peach or grape
epidendron: any of various orchids of the genus Epidendrum
Epidendrum tampense: orchid of Florida and the Bahamas having showy brightly colored flowers; sometimes placed in genus Epidendrum
Epidendrum venosum: Mexican epiphytic orchid having pale green or yellow-green flowers with white purple-veined lip
Epigaea repens: low-growing evergreen shrub of eastern North America with leathery leaves and clusters of fragrant pink or white flowers
Epilobium angustifolium: tall North American perennial with creeping rootstocks and narrow leaves and spikes of pinkish-purple flowers occurring in great abundance in burned-over areas or recent clearings; an important honey plant
Epilobium hirsutum: plant of Europe and Asia having purplish-red flowers and hairy stems and leaves; introduced into North America
Epimedium grandiflorum: slow-growing creeping plant with semi-evergreen leaves on erect wiry stems; used as ground cover
Epipactis gigantea: orchid growing along streams or ponds of western North America having leafy stems and 1 greenish-brown and pinkish flower in the axil of each upper leaf
Epipactis helleborine: European orchid with spikes of green and pinkish or purplish flowers
epiphyllum: any cactus of the genus Epiphyllum having flattened jointed irregularly branching stems and showy tubular flowers
episcia: any plant of the genus Episcia; usually creeping and stoloniferous and of cascading habit; grown for their colorful foliage and flowers
Episcia dianthiflora: low-growing creeping perennial of Central America having deeply fringed white flowers; sometimes placed in genus Episcia
episperm: protective outer layer of seeds of flowering plants
Equisetum arvense: of Eurasia and Greenland and North America
Equisetum fluviatile: Eurasia; northern North America to Virginia
Equisetum hyemale robustum: evergreen erect horsetail with rough-edged stems; formerly used for scouring utensils
Equisetum palustre: scouring-rush horsetail widely distributed in wet or boggy areas of northern hemisphere
Equisetum Sylvaticum: Eurasia except southern Russia; northern North America
Equisetum variegatum: northern North America; Greenland; northern and central Europe
Eragrostic abyssinica: an African grass economically important as a cereal grass (yielding white flour of good quality) as well as for forage and hay
Eragrostis curvula: perennial South African grass having densely clumped flimsy stems; introduced into United States especially for erosion control
Eranthis hyemalis: small Old World perennial herb grown for its bright yellow flowers which appear in early spring often before snow is gone
Erechtites hieracifolia: an American weedy plant with small white or greenish flowers
Erianthus ravennae: grass often cultivated for its long white-ribbed leaves and large plumes resembling those of pampas grass
Erica arborea: evergreen treelike Mediterranean shrub having fragrant white flowers in large terminal panicles and hard woody roots used to make tobacco pipes
Erica carnea: dwarf European shrub with very early blooming bell-shaped red flowers
Erica cinerea: common low European shrub with purple-red flowers
Erica tetralix: dwarf European shrub with rose-colored flowers
erica: any plant of the genus Erica
Erigeron acer: widespread weed with pale purple-blue flowers
Erigeron annuus: widely naturalized white-flowered North American herb
Erigeron aurantiacus: mat-forming herb of Turkestan with nearly double orange-yellow flowers
Erigeron canadensis: common North American weed with linear leaves and small discoid heads of yellowish flowers; widely naturalized throughout temperate regions; sometimes placed in genus Erigeron
Erigeron divergens: well-branched plant with hairy leaves and stems each with a solitary flower head with narrow white or pink or lavender rays; western North America
Erigeron glaucous: slightly succulent perennial with basal leaves and hairy sticky stems each bearing a solitary flower head with narrow pink or lavender rays; coastal bluffs Oregon to southern California
Erigeron philadelphicus: especially pretty plant having a delicate fringe of threadlike rays around flower heads having very slender white or pink rays; United States and Canada
Erigeron pulchellus: common perennial of eastern North America having flowers with usually violet-purple rays
Erigeron speciosus: plant having branching leafy stems each branch with an especially showy solitary flower head with many narrow pink or lavender or white rays; northwestern United States mountains
Erigonum fasciculatum: low-growing shrub with spreading branches and flowers in loose heads; desert regions of western United States (California to Utah)
eringo: any plant of the genus Eryngium
Eriobotrya japonica: evergreen tree of warm regions having fuzzy yellow olive-sized fruit with a large free stone; native to China and Japan
Eriocaulon aquaticum: aquatic perennial of North America and Ireland and Hebrides having translucent green leaves in a basal spiral and dense buttonlike racemes of minute white flowers
Eriodictyon californicum: viscid evergreen shrub of western United States with white to deep lilac flowers; the sticky aromatic leaves are used in treating bronchial and pulmonary illnesses
eriogonum: any plant of the genus Eriogonum with small clustered flowers
Eriogonum allenii: late blooming perennial plant of shale barrens of Virginia having flowers in flat-topped clusters
Eriophorum angustifolium: having densely tufted white cottony or downlike glumes
Eriophyllum lanatum: greyish woolly leafy perennial with branched stems ending in leafless stalks bearing golden-yellow flower heads; dry areas western North America
Eriophyllum wallacei: tiny grey woolly tufted annual with small golden-yellow flower heads; southeastern California to northwestern Arizona and southwestern Utah; sometimes placed in genus Eriophyllum
Erodium cicutarium: European weed naturalized in southwestern United States and Mexico having reddish decumbent stems with small fernlike leaves and small deep reddish-lavender flowers followed by slender fruits that stick straight up; often grown for forage
Erodium moschatum: low annual European herb naturalized in America; similar to alfilaria
erose leaf: a leaf having a jagged margin as though gnawed
Eruca vesicaria sativa: erect European annual often grown as a salad crop to be harvested when young and tender
Eryngium aquaticum: coarse prickly perennial eryngo with aromatic roots; southeastern United States; often confused with rattlesnake master
Eryngium maritimum: European evergreen eryngo with twisted spiny leaves naturalized on United States east coast; roots formerly used as an aphrodisiac
Eryngium yuccifolium: coarse prickly perennial eryngo of United States thought to cure rattlesnake bite
Erysimum arkansanum: biennial or short-lived perennial prairie rocket having orange-yellow flowers; western North America to Minnesota and Kansas; sometimes placed in genus Cheiranthus
Erysimum cheiranthoides: slender yellow-flowered European mustard often troublesome as a weed; formerly used as an anthelmintic
Erythrina caffra: small semi-evergreen broad-spreading tree of eastern South Africa with orange-scarlet flowers and small coral-red seeds; yields a light soft wood used for fence posts or shingles
Erythrina corallodendrum: deciduous shrub having racemes of deep red flowers and black-spotted red seeds
Erythrina crista-galli: small South American spiny tree with dark crimson and scarlet flowers solitary or clustered
Erythrina variegata: small to medium-sized thorny tree of tropical Asia and northern Australia having dense clusters of scarlet or crimson flowers and black seeds
Erythrina vespertilio: prickly Australian coral tree having soft spongy wood
Erythronium albidum: North American dogtooth having solitary white flowers with yellow centers and blue or pink exteriors
Erythronium americanum: eastern North American dogtooth having solitary yellow flowers marked with brown or purple and spotted interiors
Erythronium californicum: California dogtooth violet with creamy white flowers sometimes yellow-tinged
Erythronium dens-canis: sturdy European dogtooth with rose to mauve flowers; cultivated in many varieties
Erythronium grandiflorum: dogtooth violet of western North America having bright yellow flowers
Erythronium montanum: perennial herb having large white flowers marked with orange; found near the snow line in the northwestern United States
Erythroxylon coca: a South American shrub whose leaves are chewed by natives of the Andes; a source of cocaine
Erythroxylon truxiuense: a South American shrub whose leaves are a source of cocaine
escape: a plant originally cultivated but now growing wild
Eschscholtzia californica: of Pacific coast of North America; widely cultivated for its yellow to red flowers
Eucalypt grandis: very tall tree of Queensland and New South Wales
Eucalypt gunnii: small to medium-sized tree of Tasmania
Eucalypt ovata: medium-sized tree of southern Australia
Eucalypt tereticornis: tall tree of Queensland and New South Wales and Victoria
eucalypt: a tree of the genus Eucalyptus
eucalyptus: wood of any of various eucalyptus trees valued as timber
Eucalyptus amygdalina: red gum tree of Tasmania
Eucalyptus calophylla: very large red gum tree
Eucalyptus camaldulensis: somewhat crooked red gum tree growing chiefly along rivers; has durable reddish lumber used in heavy construction
Eucalyptus camphora: medium-sized swamp gum of New South Wales and Victoria
Eucalyptus delegatensis: tall timber tree with hard heavy pinkish or light brown wood
Eucalyptus dumosa: small shrubby mallee
Eucalyptus fraxinoides: large tree with dark compact bark on lower trunk but smooth and white above; yields lumber similar to that of European or American ashes
Eucalyptus globulus: tall fast-growing timber tree with leaves containing a medicinal oil; young leaves are bluish
eucalyptus gum: reddish-brown dried gummy exudation from any of several trees of the genus Eucalyptus especially Eucalyptus camaldulensis
Eucalyptus maculata: large gum tree with mottled bark
Eucalyptus maculata citriodora: similar to but smaller than the spotted gum and having lemon-scented leaves
Eucalyptus pauciflora: small to medium-sized tree of Australia and Tasmania having smooth white to light-grey bark shedding in patches or strips
Eucalyptus regnans: tree having wood similar to the alpine ash; tallest tree in Australia and tallest hardwood in the world
Eucalyptus viminalis: tall tree yielding a false manna
Eucalyptusd eugenioides: stringybark having white wood
Eucalytus stellulata: a small mallee with rough dark-colored bark toward the butt; yields a red eucalyptus kino gum
Eugenia caryophyllatum: moderate sized very symmetrical red-flowered evergreen widely cultivated in the tropics for its flower buds which are source of cloves
Eugenia corynantha: Australian tree with sour red fruit
Eugenia dicrana: tree of extreme southern Florida and West Indies having thin scaly bark and aromatic fruits and seeds and yielding hard heavy close-grained zebrawood
Eugenia jambos: tropical tree of the East Indies cultivated for its edible fruit
Eugenia uniflora: Brazilian tree with spicy red fruit; often cultivated in California and Florida
Euonymous alatus: bushy deciduous shrub with branches having thin wide corky longitudinal wings; brilliant red in autumn; northeastern Asia to central China
Euonymus americanus: upright deciduous plant with crimson pods and seeds; the eastern United States from New York to Florida and Texas
Euonymus atropurpureus: deciduous shrub having purple capsules enclosing scarlet seeds
Euonymus europaeus: small erect deciduous shrub having tough white wood and cathartic bark and fruit
Euonymus fortunei radicans: broad and bushy Asiatic twining shrub with pinkish fruit; many subspecies or varieties
Eupatorium cannabinum: coarse European herb with palmately divided leaves and clusters of small reddish-purple flower heads
Eupatorium capillifolium: weedy plant of southeastern United States having divided leaves and long clusters of greenish flowers
Eupatorium maculatum: North American herb having whorled leaves and terminal clusters of small pinkish or purple flower heads
Eupatorium perfoliatum: perennial herb of southeastern United States having white-rayed flower heads; formerly used as in folk medicine
Eupatorium purpureum: North American herb having whorled leaves and terminal clusters of flowers spotted with purple
Euphorbia amygdaloides: European perennial herb with greenish yellow terminal flower clusters
Euphorbia antisyphilitica: wax-coated shrub of northern Mexico and southwestern United States
Euphorbia caput-medusae: African dwarf succulent perennial shrub with numerous slender drooping branches
Euphorbia corollata: common perennial United States spurge having showy white petallike bracts
Euphorbia cyathophora: poinsettia of United States and eastern Mexico; often confused with Euphorbia heterophylla
Euphorbia cyparissias: Old World perennial having foliage resembling cypress; naturalized as a weed in the United States
Euphorbia dentata: an annual weed of northeastern North America with dentate leaves
Euphorbia esula: tall European perennial naturalized and troublesome as a weed in eastern North America
Euphorbia exigua: European erect or depressed annual weedy spurge adventive in northeastern United States
Euphorbia fulgens: Mexican shrub often cultivated for its scarlet-bracted flowers
Euphorbia helioscopia: not unattractive European weed whose flowers turn toward the sun
Euphorbia heterophylla: showy poinsettia found from the southern United States to Peru
Euphorbia hirsuta: much-branched hirsute weed native to northeastern North America
Euphorbia ingens: small tree of dry open parts of southern Africa having erect angled branches suggesting candelabra
Euphorbia lathyris: poisonous Old World spurge; adventive in America; seeds yield a purgative oil
Euphorbia marginata: annual spurge of western United States having showy white-bracted flower clusters and very poisonous milk
Euphorbia milii: somewhat climbing bushy spurge of Madagascar having long woody spiny stems with few leaves and flowers with scarlet bracts
Euphorbia peplus: an Old World spurge introduced as a weed in the eastern United States
Euphorbia pulcherrima: tropical American plant having poisonous milk and showy tapering usually scarlet petallike leaves surrounding small yellow flowers
European barberry: upright deciduous European shrub widely naturalized in United States having clusters of juicy berries
European bean: Old World upright plant grown especially for its large flat edible seeds but also as fodder
European beggar-ticks: bur marigold of temperate Eurasia
European bird cherry: small European cherry tree closely resembling the American chokecherry
European black alder: medium-sized tree with brown-black bark and woody fruiting catkins; leaves are hairy beneath
European black currant: widely cultivated current bearing edible black aromatic berries
European chestnut: wild or cultivated throughout southern Europe, northwestern Africa and southwestern Asia
European cranberry bush: deciduous thicket-forming Old World shrub with clusters of white flowers and small bright red berries
European dewberry: creeping European bramble bearing dewberries
European dune grass: a dune grass of the Pacific seacoast used as a sand binder
European fly honeysuckle: cultivated Eurasian shrub with twin yellowish-white flowers and scarlet fruit
European hornbeam: medium-sized Old World tree with smooth grey bark and leaves like beech that turn yellow-orange in autumn
European ladies' tresses: European orchid having shorter racemes of strongly spiraling snow-white flowers
European larch: tall European tree having a slender conic crown, flat needlelike leaves, and hairy cone scales
European mountain ash: Eurasian tree with orange-red berrylike fruits
European nut pine: medium-sized two-needled pine of southern Europe having a spreading crown; widely cultivated for its sweet seeds that resemble almonds
European olive tree: evergreen tree cultivated in the Mediterranean region since antiquity and now elsewhere; has edible shiny black fruits
European parsley fern: fern of Europe and Asia Minor having short slender rhizome and densely tufted bright green fronds resembling parsley
European pasqueflower: European perennial having usually violet or white spring flowers
European quaking aspen: Old World aspen with a broad much-branched crown; northwestern Europe and Siberia to North Africa
European raspberry: the common European raspberry; fruit red or orange
European red elder: Eurasian shrub
European silver fir: tall timber tree of central and southern Europe having a regular crown and grey bark
European turkey oak: large deciduous tree of central and southern Europe and Asia Minor having lanceolate leaves with spiked lobes
European white birch: European birch with silvery white peeling bark and markedly drooping branches
European white lily: a water lily with white flowers
European woolly thistle: woolly thistle of western and central Europe and Balkan Peninsula
eusporangium: a sporangium that arises from a group of epidermal cells
Eustoma grandiflorum: one of the most handsome prairie wildflowers having large erect bell-shaped bluish flowers; of moist places in prairies and fields from eastern Colorado and Nebraska south to New Mexico and Texas
Euterpe oleracea: Brazilian palm of genus Euterpe whose leaf buds are eaten like cabbage when young
evening primrose: any of several plants of the family Onagraceae
evergreen beech: any of various beeches of the southern hemisphere having small usually evergreen leaves
evergreen: a plant having foliage that persists and remains green throughout the year
everlasting pea: any of several perennial vines of the genus Lathyrus
everlasting: any of various plants of various genera of the family Compositae having flowers that can be dried without loss of form or color
Fabiana imbricata: Peruvian shrub with small pink to lavender tubular flowers; leaves yield a tonic and diuretic
Fagopyrum esculentum: a member of the genus Fagopyrum; annual Asian plant with clusters of small pinkish white flowers and small edible triangular seeds which are used whole or ground into flour
Fagus grandifolia: North American forest tree with light green leaves and edible nuts
Fagus sylvatica: large European beech with minutely-toothed leaves; widely planted as an ornamental in North America
Fagus sylvatica atropunicea: variety of European beech with shining purple or copper-colored leaves
Fagus sylvatica pendula: variety of European beech with pendulous limbs
fair-maids-of-France: rosette-forming perennial having compact panicles of white flowers; Europe
fairy circle: a ring of fungi marking the periphery of the perennial underground growth of the mycelium
fairy lantern: any of several plants of the genus Calochortus having egg-shaped flowers
Falcatifolium falciforme: small tropical rain forest tree of Indonesia and Malaysia
Falcatifolium taxoides: a rain forest tree or shrub of New Caledonia having a conic crown and pale green sickle-shaped leaves; host species for the rare parasite yew
falls: the petals or sepals of a flower that bend downward (especially the outer perianth of an iris)
false asphodel: a plant of the genus Tofieldia having linear chiefly basal leaves and small spicate flowers
false chamomile: any of various autumn-flowering perennials having white or pink to purple flowers that resemble asters; wild in moist soils from New Jersey to Florida and Texas
false fruit: a fleshy fruit (apple or pear or related fruits) having seed chambers and an outer fleshy part
false gromwell: any of several North American perennial herbs with hairy foliage and small yellowish or greenish flowers
false hellebore: perennial herbs of the lily family having thick toxic rhizomes
false indigo: any of several plants of the genus Baptisia
false mallow: an American plant of the genus Malvastrum
false mallow: genus of coarse herbs and subshrubs of arid North and South America having pink or scarlet flowers and globose fruits
false mistletoe: American plants closely resembling Old World mistletoe
false morel: a fungus of the family Helvellaceae
false truffle: any of various fungi of the family Rhizopogonaceae having subterranean fruiting bodies similar to the truffle
family Acanthaceae: widely distributed herbs and shrubs and trees; sometimes placed in the order Scrophulariales
family Aceraceae: a family of trees and shrubs of order Sapindales including the maples
family Actinidiaceae: tropical trees or shrubs or woody vines
family Adiantaceae: used in some classification systems for some genera of the family Polypodiaceae (or Pteridaceae)
family Agaricaceae: large family including many familiar mushrooms
family Agavaceae: chiefly tropical and xerophytic plants: includes Dracenaceae (Dracaenaceae); comprises plants that in some classifications are divided between the Amaryllidaceae and the Liliaceae
family Albuginaceae: fungi that produce white sori resembling blisters on certain flowering plants
family Alismataceae: perennial or annual aquatic or marsh plants
family Alliaceae: one of many families or subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted; includes especially genus Allium
family Aloeaceae: one of many families or subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted
family Alstroemeriaceae: one of many families or subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted; sometimes included in subfamily Amaryllidaceae
family Amaranthaceae: cosmopolitan family of herbs and shrubs
family Amaryllidaceae: snowdrop; narcissus; daffodil; in some classification systems considered a subfamily of the Liliaceae
family Ambrosiaceae: in some classifications considered a separate family comprising a subgroup of the Compositae including the ragweeds
family Amygdalaceae: used in former classifications for plum and peach and almond trees which are now usually classified as members of the genus Prunus
family Anacardiaceae: the cashew family; trees and shrubs and vines having resinous (sometimes poisonous) juice; includes cashew and mango and pistachio and poison ivy and sumac
family Annonaceae: chiefly tropical trees or shrubs
family Anthocerotaceae: hornworts
family Aphyllanthaceae: one of many families or subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted; includes genus Aphyllanthes
family Apocynaceae: chiefly tropical trees or shrubs or herbs having milky juice and often showy flowers; many are sources of drugs
family Aquifoliaceae: widely distributed shrubs and trees
family Araceae: anthurium; calla lily; jack-in-the-pulpit; philodendron
family Araliaceae: mostly tropical trees and shrubs and lianas: genera Panax and Hedera
family Araucariaceae: tall evergreen cone-bearing trees of South America and Australia with broad leathery leaves; in some classifications included in the Pinaceae
family Arecaceae: chiefly tropical trees and shrubs and vines usually having a tall columnar trunk bearing a crown of very large leaves; coextensive with the order Palmales
family Aristolochiaceae: family of birthworts (including wild ginger)
family Asclepiadaceae: widely distributed family of herbs and shrubs of the order Gentianales; most with milky juice
family Asparagaceae: one of many families or subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae: includes genera Asparagus and sometimes Ruscus
family Aspergillaceae: family of fungi including some common molds
family Asphodelaceae: one of many subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae
family Aspleniaceae: one of a number of families into which Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems; includes genera Asplenium, Pleurosorus, Schaffneria
family Asteraceae: plants with heads composed of many florets: aster; daisy; dandelion; goldenrod; marigold; lettuces; ragweed; sunflower; thistle; zinnia
family Auriculariaceae: fungi having gelatinous sporophores
family Avicenniaceae: used in some classifications: coextensive with the genus Avicennia
family Azollaceae: used in some classifications for the genus Azolla
family Balsaminaceae: distinguished from the family Geraniaceae by the irregular flowers
family Batidaceae: family coextensive with genus Batis: saltworts
family Begoniaceae: monoecious succulent herbs or shrubs of tropical and warm regions especially America
family Bennettitaceae: a family of fossil gymnospermous plants of the Carboniferous
family Berberidaceae: shrubs or herbs
family Betulaceae: monoecious trees and shrubs (including the genera Betula and Alnus and Carpinus and Corylus and Ostrya and Ostryopsis)
family Bignoniaceae: trees or shrubs or woody vines or herbs having fruit resembling gourds or capsules; sometimes placed in the order Scrophulariales
family Blastodiaceae: a family of saprobic fungi of order Blastocladiales
family Blechnaceae: one of a number of families into which the family Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems; includes genera Blechnum, Doodia, Sadleria, Stenochlaena, and Woodwardia
family Boletaceae: family of fleshy fungi having the germ pores easily separating from the cup and often from each other
family Bombacaceae: tropical trees with large dry or fleshy fruit containing usually woolly seeds
family Boraginaceae: a widely distributed family of plants distinguished by circinate flowers and nutlike fruit
family Brassicaceae: a large family of plants with four-petaled flowers; includes mustards, cabbages, broccoli, turnips, cresses, and their many relatives
family Bromeliaceae: a family of tropical American plants of order Xyridales including several (as the pineapple) of economic importance
family Bryaceae: a family of acrocarpous mosses
family Burmanniaceae: family of chiefly tropical herbs with basal leaves like bracts and small flowers
family Burseraceae: resinous or aromatic chiefly tropical shrubs or trees
family Buxaceae: widely distributed evergreen shrubs and trees
family Cactaceae: constituting the order Opuntiales
family Caesalpiniaceae: spiny trees, shrubs, or perennial herbs, including the genera Caesalpinia, Cassia, Ceratonia, Bauhinia; commonly included in the family Leguminosae
family Callitrichaceae: dicot aquatic herbs
family Calostomataceae: a family of fungi belonging to the order Tulostomatales
family Calycanthaceae: shrubs or small trees having aromatic bark; the eastern United States and eastern Asia
family Campanulaceae: family of plants of the order Campanulales; in some classifications includes Lobeliaceae
family Canellaceae: one genus: aromatic tropical trees of eastern Africa and Florida to West Indies
family Cannabidaceae: two genera of erect or twining herbs that are pollinated by the wind, including the genera Cannabis and Humulus; term not used in all classifications; in some the genus Cannabis is placed in the family Moraceae and the genus Humulus in the family Urticaceae
family Cannaceae: coextensive with the genus Canna
family Capparidaceae: a dilleniid dicot family of the order Rhoeadales that includes: genera Capparis, Cleome, Crateva, and Polanisia
family Caprifoliaceae: shrubs and small trees and woody vines
family Caricaceae: trees native to tropical America and Africa with milky juice and large palmately lobed leaves
family Caryocaraceae: small genus of tropical South American trees
family Caryophyllaceae: large family of herbs or subshrubs (usually with stems swollen at the nodes)
family Casuarinaceae: one genus: genus Casuarina
family Cecropiaceae: in some classifications included in family Moraceae
family Celastraceae: trees and shrubs and woody vines usually having bright-colored fruits
family Cephalotaceae: a family of plants of order Rosales; coextensive with the genus Cephalotus
family Cephalotaxaceae: a family of Cephalotaxaceae
family Ceratophyllaceae: coextensive with the genus Ceratophyllum: hornworts
family Ceratostomataceae: fungi having carbonous perithecia with long necks
family Cercidiphyllaceae: one genus
family Chenopodiaceae: includes spinach and beets
family Chloranthaceae: small family of tropical herbs and shrubs and trees
family Chytridiaceae: a family of aquatic fungi of order Chytridiales
family Cistaceae: shrubs or woody herbs of temperate regions especially Mediterranean
family Cladoniaceae: a family of lichens
family Clathraceae: family of fleshy fungi resembling stinkhorns
family Clavariaceae: fleshy fungi: coral fungi
family Clethraceae: coextensive with the genus Clethra
family Colchicaceae: one of many subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted: genera Colchicum and Gloriosa
family Combretaceae: a family of tropical trees and shrubs of the order Myrtales
family Commelinaceae: large widely distributed family of chiefly perennial herbs or climbers: spiderworts
family Connaraceae: mostly tropical climbing shrubs or small trees; closely related to Leguminosae
family Convallariaceae: one of many subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted
family Convolvulaceae: morning glory; bindweed; sweet potato; plants having trumpet-shaped flowers and a climbing or twining habit
family Coprinaceae: used in some classifications for the genus Coprinus
family Cordaitaceae: chiefly Paleozoic plants; Cordaites is the chief and typical genus
family Cornaceae: a rosid dicot family of the order Umbellales including: genera Aucuba, Cornus, Corokia, Curtisia, Griselinia, Helwingia
family Cortinariaceae: a family of fungi belonging to the order Agaricales
family Crassulaceae: succulent shrubs and herbs
family Cryptogrammataceae: one of a number of families into which the family Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems
family Cucurbitaceae: a family of herbaceous vines (such as cucumber or melon or squash or pumpkin)
family Cunoniaceae: trees or shrubs or climbers; mostly southern hemisphere
family Cupressaceae: cypresses and junipers and many cedars
family Cyatheaceae: tropical tree ferns
family Cycadaceae: ancient palmlike plants closely related to ferns in that fertilization is by means of spermatozoids
family Cyperaceae: bulrush; chufa; cotton grass; papyrus; umbrella plant
family Cyrilliaceae: shrubs and trees with leathery leaves and small white flowers in racemes: genera Cyrilla and Cliftonia
family Dacrymycetaceae: a family of basidiomycetous fungi belonging to the order Tremellales having a bifurcate basidium that lacks septa
family Davalliaceae: one of a number of families into which Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems
family Dematiaceae: family of imperfect mushrooms having dark-colored hyphae or conidia
family Dennstaedtiaceae: one of a number of families into which Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems
family Diapensiaceae: north temperate low evergreen plants; in some classifications placed in its own order Diapensiales
family Dicksoniaceae: tree ferns: genera Dicksonia, Cibotium, Culcita, and Thyrsopteris elegans
family Dicranaceae: mosses having costate leaves and long-stalked capsules with cleft peristome
family Dilleniaceae: chiefly tropical shrubs and trees and climbers having leathery leaves or flattened leaflike stems: genera Dillenia and Hibbertia
family Dioscoreaceae: yams
family Dipsacaceae: chiefly southern European herbs with flowers usually in dense cymose heads
family Dipterocarpaceae: chiefly tropical Asian trees with two-winged fruits; yield valuable woods and aromatic oils and resins
family Droseraceae: a family of carnivorous herbs and shrubs
family Dryopteridaceae: alternative names for one of a number of families into which the family Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems
family Ebenaceae: fruit and timber trees of tropical and warm regions including ebony and persimmon
family Elaeagnaceae: shrubs or small trees often armed
family Elaeocarpaceae: genus of trees and shrubs widely distributed in warm regions some yielding useful timber; in some classifications included in the family Santalaceae
family Empetraceae: heathlike shrubs
family Entolomataceae: a family of fungi belonging to the order Agaricales
family Entomophthoraceae: mostly parasitic lower fungi that typically develop in the bodies of insects
family Epacridaceae: Australasian shrubs or small trees
family Ephedraceae: ephedras: in some classifications included in the Gnetaceae
family Equisetaceae: sole surviving family of the Equisetales: fern allies
family Ericaceae: heathers
family Eriocaulaceae: chiefly tropical aquatic or bog herbs: pipeworts
family Erysiphaceae: family of fungi parasitic mostly on leaves; includes powdery mildews
family Erythroxylaceae: a family of plants of order Geraniales; have drupaceous fruit
family Euphorbiaceae: a family of plants of order Geraniales
family Fagaceae: chiefly monoecious trees and shrubs: beeches; chestnuts; oaks; genera Castanea, Castanopsis, Chrysolepis, Fagus, Lithocarpus, Nothofagus, Quercus
family Fistulinaceae: a family of fungi closely related to the family Polyporaceae except that the tubes on the undersurface of the cap are separate from each other
family Flacourtiaceae: chiefly tropical trees and shrubs
family Fouquieriaceae: small family of spiny shrubs or trees of southwestern United States
family Fumariaceae: erect or climbing herbs of the northern hemisphere and southern Africa: bleeding heart; Dutchman's breeches; fumitory; squirrel corn
family Geastraceae: a family of earthstar fungi belonging to the order Lycoperdales
family Gentianaceae: chiefly herbaceous plants with showy flowers; some are cultivated as ornamentals
family Geoglossaceae: a family of fungi belonging to the order Helotiales
family Geraniaceae: chiefly herbaceous plants
family Gesneriaceae: large family of tropical herbs or shrubs or lianas; in some classification systems placed in the order Scrophulariales
family Ginkgoaceae: constituting the order Ginkgoales; includes the genus Ginkgo and extinct forms
family Gleicheniaceae: a family of ferns belonging to order Filicales
family Gnetaceae: plants having small unisexual flowers and fleshy or winged fruit: in some classifications includes the genera Ephedra and Welwitschia as well as genus Gnetum
family Goodeniaceae: a family of sappy plants that grow in Australasia and southeast China
family Graminaceae: the grasses: chiefly herbaceous but some woody plants including cereals; bamboo; reeds; sugar cane
family Grossulariaceae: in some classifications considered a part of the family Saxifragaceae: plants whose fruit is a berry
family Haemodoraceae: some genera placed in family Liliaceae
family Haloragidaceae: a family of dicotyledonous plants of the order Myrtales
family Hamamelidaceae: comprises genera Hamamelis, Corylopsis, Fothergilla, Liquidambar, Parrotia, and other small genera
family Helotiaceae: a fungus family of order Helotiales
family Helvellaceae: family of false morels or lorchels; some are edible and some are poisonous
family Hemerocallidaceae: one of many subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted; includes genus Hemerocallis
family Hippocastanaceae: trees having showy flowers and inedible nutlike seeds in a leathery capsule
family Hostaceae: one of many families or subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted; includes genus Hosta
family Hyacinthaceae: one of many families or subfamilies in which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted
family Hydnaceae: tooth fungi
family Hydnoraceae: a family of flowering plants in Africa and Argentina that are parasitic on the roots of other plants
family Hydrangeaceae: sometimes included in the family Saxifragaceae
family Hydrocharitaceae: simple nearly stemless freshwater aquatic plants; widely distributed
family Hydrophyllaceae: perennial woodland herbs
family Hygrophoraceae: a family of fungi belonging to the order Agaricales; the gills of these fungi have a clean waxy appearance
family Hymenophyllaceae: terrestrial (hygrophytic) or epiphytic ferns: filmy ferns
family Hypericaceae: used in some classification systems for plants usually included among the Guttiferae
family Hypocreaceae: family of fungi having brightly colored fleshy or membranous ascocarps; sometimes placed in its own order Hypocreales
family Hypoxidaceae: in some classification systems included in the Amaryllidaceae
family Iridaceae: large family of usually perennial geophytic herbs with rhizomes or corms or bulbs
family Isoetaceae: quillworts; coextensive with the genus Isoetes
family Juglandaceae: trees having usually edible nuts: butternuts; walnuts; hickories; pecans
family Juncaceae: tufted herbs resembling grasses: rushes
family Jungermanniaceae: comprising the leafy members of the order Jungermanniales
family Lamiaceae: a large family of aromatic herbs and shrubs having flowers resembling the lips of a mouth and four-lobed ovaries yielding four one-seeded nutlets and including mint; thyme; sage; rosemary
family Lardizabalaceae: thick-stemmed lianas and some shrubs; some have edible fruit
family Lauraceae: a family of Lauraceae
family Lecanoraceae: a fungus family of the division Lichenes
family Lecythidaceae: large tropical trees bearing large fruits with woody skins
family Leguminosae: a large family of trees, shrubs, vines, and herbs bearing bean pods; divided for convenience into the subfamilies Caesalpiniaceae; Mimosaceae; Papilionaceae
family Leitneriaceae: coextensive with the genus Leitneria; commonly isolated in a distinct order
family Lemnaceae: family of small free-floating thalloid plants
family Lennoaceae: family of fleshy parasitic herbs lacking green foliage and having heads of small flowers; California and Mexico
family Lentibulariaceae: carnivorous aquatic or bog plants: genera Utricularia, Pinguicula, and Genlisea
family Lepidobotryaceae: family created in 1950 solely for the classification of a distinctive African tree repeatedly classified in other families; trees long believed to exist only in Africa
family Lepidodendraceae: fossil plants characterized by conspicuous spirally arranged leaf scars on the trunk
family Lepiotaceae: a family of fungi having free gills and a cap that is cleanly separable from the stalk
family Liliaceae: includes species sometimes divided among the following families: Alliaceae; Aloeaceae; Alstroemeriaceae; Aphyllanthaceae; Asparagaceae; Asphodelaceae; Colchicaceae; Convallariaceae; Hemerocallidaceae; Hostaceae; Hyacinthaceae; Melanthiaceae; Ruscaceae; Smilacaceae; Tecophilaeacea; Xanthorrhoeaceae
family Linaceae: a widely distributed family of plants
family Loasaceae: family of bristly hairy sometimes climbing plants; America and Africa and southern Arabia
family Lobeliaceae: not recognized in all classification systems; in some classifications lobeliaceous plants are included in family Campanulaceae
family Loganiaceae: a dicotyledonous family of plants of order Gentianales
family Lomariopsidaceae: small family of usually scandent ferns
family Lophosoriaceae: very small family of tree ferns
family Loranthaceae: in some classification includes Viscaceae: parasitic or hemiparasitic shrublets or shrubs or small trees of tropical and temperate regions; attach to hosts by haustoria
family Loxomataceae: very small family of New Zealand ferns
family Lycoperdaceae: a fungus family belonging to the order Lycoperdales; includes puffballs
family Lycopodiaceae: a family of ferns belonging to the order Lycopodiales
family Lythraceae: herbs and shrubs and small trees with pink or purple flowers
family Magnoliaceae: subclass Magnoliidae: genera Liriodendron, Magnolia, and Manglietia
family Malpighiaceae: tropical shrubs or trees
family Malvaceae: herbs and shrubs and some trees: mallows; cotton; okra
family Marantaceae: tropical perennial herbs with usually starchy rhizomes
family Marattiaceae: constituting the order Marattiales: chiefly tropical eusporangiate ferns with gigantic fronds
family Marchantiaceae: liverworts with prostrate and usually dichotomously branched thalli
family Marsileaceae: clover ferns
family Martyniaceae: in most classifications not considered a separate family but included in the Pedaliaceae
family Mayacaceae: a monocotyledonous family of bog plants of order Xyridales
family Melampsoraceae: rust fungi
family Melanthiaceae: one of many subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted: includes Aletris; Narthecium; Veratrum
family Melastomataceae: a family of trees and bushes and herbs of order Myrtales; many are cultivated as ornamentals
family Meliaceae: tropical trees and shrubs including many important timber and ornamental trees
family Menispermaceae: herbaceous or woody climbers
family Menyanthaceae: a dicotyledonous family of marsh plants of order Gentianales
family Mimosaceae: family of spiny woody plants (usually shrubs or small trees) whose leaves mimic animals in sensitivity to touch; commonly included in the family Leguminosae
family Mniaceae: family of erect mosses with club-shaped paraphyses and the hexagonal cells of the upper leaf surface; sometimes treated as a subfamily of Bryaceae
family Moniliaceae: family of imperfect fungi having white or brightly colored hyphae and spores that are produced directly on the mycelium and not aggregated in fruiting bodies
family Monotropaceae: used in some classification for saprophytic herbs sometimes included in the family Pyrolaceae: genera Monotropa and Sarcodes
family Moraceae: trees or shrubs having a milky juice; in some classifications includes genus Cannabis
family Morchellaceae: a family of edible fungi including the true morels
family Mucoraceae: large family of chiefly saprophytic fungi that includes many common molds destructive to food products
family Musaceae: treelike tropical Asian herbs
family Myricaceae: constituting the order Myricales
family Myristicaceae: family of aromatic tropical trees with arillate seeds
family Myrsinaceae: family of Old World tropical trees and shrubs; some in Florida
family Myrtaceae: trees and shrubs yielding a fragrant oil
family Najadaceae: monotypic family of aquatic plants having narrow leaves and small flowers
family Nepenthaceae: coextensive with the genus Nepenthes
family Nidulariaceae: bird's-nest fungi
family Nyctaginaceae: a family of flowering plants of the order Caryophyllales
family Nymphaeaceae: dicot aquatic plants
family Nyssaceae: a family of dicotyledonous trees of order Myrtales that includes the sour gum trees
family Ochnaceae: family of tropical evergreen trees and shrubs with thick shining parallel-veined leaves
family Oleaceae: trees and shrubs having berries or drupes or capsules as fruits; sometimes placed in the order Oleales: olive; ash; jasmine; privet; lilac
family Oleandraceae: one of a number of families into which Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems
family Onagraceae: a large and widely distributed family of plants of the order Myrtales
family Ophioglossaceae: a family of succulent ferns of order Ophioglossales; cosmopolitan in distribution
family Orchidaceae: enormous cosmopolitan family of perennial terrestrial or epiphytic plants with fleshy tubers or rootstocks and unusual flowers
family Orobanchaceae: brown or yellow leafless herbs; sometimes placed in the order Scrophulariales
family Osmundaceae: large family of ferns widely distributed in temperate and tropical areas
family Oxalidaceae: a family of widely distributed herbs of the order Geraniales; have compound leaves and pentamerous flowers
family Paeoniaceae: perennial rhizomatous herbs and shrubs; of temperate Europe and North America
family Pandanaceae: family of woody plants of the order Pandanales including pandanus
family Papaveraceae: herbs or shrubs having milky and often colored juices and capsular fruits
family Papilionacea: leguminous plants whose flowers have butterfly-shaped corollas; commonly included in the family Leguminosae
family Parkeriaceae: coextensive with the genus Ceratopteris; sometimes included in family Polypodiaceae
family Parmeliaceae: a family of lichens
family Passifloraceae: tropical woody tendril-climbing vines
family Pedaliaceae: the family of plants of order Polemoniales
family Peronosporaceae: parasitic fungi: downy mildews
family Pertusariaceae: a fungus family of division Lichenes
family Pezizaceae: large family comprising many typical cup fungi
family Phallaceae: a family of fungi belonging to the order Phallales and comprising the true stinkhorns
family Phyllocladaceae: a family of Phyllocladaceae
family Phytolaccaceae: chiefly tropical herbaceous plants (including shrubs and trees) with racemose flowers: genera Phytolacca, Agdestis, Ercilla, Rivina, Trichostigma
family Pinaceae: a family of Pinaceae
family Piperaceae: tropical woody vines and herbaceous plants having aromatic herbage and minute flowers in spikelets
family Plantaginaceae: cosmopolitan family of small herbs and a few shrubs; most are troublesome weeds
family Plasmodiophoraceae: family of fungi often causing hypertrophy in seed plants
family Platanaceae: coextensive with the genus Platanus: plane trees
family Plumbaginaceae: perennial herbs and shrubs and lianas; cosmopolitan especially in saltwater areas
family Pluteaceae: a family of fungi belonging to the order Agaricales
family Podocarpaceae: gymnosperms with simple persistent needlelike or scalelike leaves
family Polemoniaceae: a widely distributed family of chiefly herbaceous plants of the order Polemoniales; often have showy flowers
family Polygalaceae: trees, shrubs, and herbs widely distributed throughout both hemispheres
family Polygonaceae: a family of plants of order Polygonales chiefly of the north temperate zone; includes the buckwheats
family Polypodiaceae: ferns: a large family that in some classification systems has been subdivided into several families (including Aspleniaceae and Blechnaceae and Davalliaceae and Dennstaedtiaceae and Dryopteridaceae and Oleandraceae and Pteridaceae)
family Polyporaceae: fungi that become corky or woody with age, often forming shelflike growths on trees
family Pontederiaceae: aquatic or bog plants
family Portulacaceae: family of usually succulent herbs; cosmopolitan in distribution especially in Americas
family Potamogetonaceae: plants that grow in ponds and slow streams; sometimes includes family Zosteraceae
family Primulaceae: a dicotyledonous family of the order Primulales with a regular flower; widely distributed in the northern hemisphere
family Proteaceae: large family of Australian and South African shrubs and trees with leathery leaves and clustered mostly tetramerous flowers; constitutes the order Proteales
family Psilophytaceae: Paleozoic plants
family Psilotaceae: small family of lower ferns having nearly naked stems and minute scalelike leaves
family Pteridaceae: one of a number of families into which the family Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems; Pteridaceae is itself in turn sometimes further subdivided
family Pucciniaceae: large important family of rust fungi
family Punicaceae: one species: pomegranates
family Pyrolaceae: evergreen herbs of temperate regions: genera Pyrola, Chimaphila, Moneses, Orthilia
family Pythiaceae: fungi having sporangia usually borne successively and singly at the tips of branching sporangiophores
family Rafflesiaceae: a family of parasitic plants of the order Aristolochiales
family Ranunculaceae: a family of Ranunculaceae
family Rapateaceae: South American herbs somewhat resembling members of the Juncaceae
family Resedaceae: mainly Mediterranean herbs: mignonette
family Rhamnaceae: trees and shrubs usually thorny bearing drupaceous fruit many having medicinal value
family Rhizophoraceae: trees and shrubs that usually form dense jungles along tropical seacoasts
family Rhizopogonaceae: a family of fungi of order Hymenogastrales having round subterranean sporophores
family Rhyniaceae: primitive plants of the Paleozoic
family Roccellaceae: a fungus family of division Lichenes
family Roridulaceae: in some classifications included in the family Droseraceae
family Rosaceae: a large family of dicotyledonous plants of order Rosales; have alternate leaves and five-petaled flowers with numerous stamens
family Rubiaceae: widely distributed family of mostly tropical trees and shrubs and herbs; includes coffee and chinchona and gardenia and madder and bedstraws and partridgeberry
family Ruscaceae: one of many subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted
family Russulaceae: used in some classification systems for the genus Russula
family Rutaceae: a family of dicotyledonous plants of order Geraniales; have flowers that are divide into four or five parts and usually have a strong scent
family Saccharomycetaceae: family of fungi comprising the typical yeasts: reproduce by budding and ferment carbohydrates
family Salicaceae: two genera of trees or shrubs having hairy catkins: Salix; Populus
family Salvadoraceae: a family of Old World shrubs and trees of order Gentianales; related to Oleaceae but having four stamens and four petals
family Salviniaceae: water ferns
family Santalaceae: chiefly tropical herbs or shrubs or trees bearing nuts or one-seeded fruit
family Sapindaceae: chiefly tropical New and Old World deciduous and evergreen trees and shrubs bearing leathery drupes with yellow translucent flesh; most plants produce toxic saponins
family Sapotaceae: tropical trees or shrubs with milky juice and often edible fleshy fruit
family Sarcoscyphaceae: family of fungi belonging to the order Pezizales
family Sarraceniaceae: insectivorous plants
family Saururaceae: family of perennial aromatic herbs: genera Saururus, Anemopsis, Houttuynia
family Saxifragaceae: a large and diverse family of evergreen or deciduous herbs; widely distributed in northern temperate and cold regions; sometimes includes genera of the family Hydrangeaceae
family Scheuchzeriaceae: a family of monocotyledonous bog herbs of order Naiadales
family Schizaeaceae: small family of mainly tropical ferns
family Schizosaccharomycetaceae: a family of fungi belonging to order Endomycetales
family Sciadopityaceae: family comprising a single genus that until recently was considered part of Taxodiaceae
family Sclerodermataceae: a family of fungi or order Sclerodermatales with a single-layered peridium; includes earthballs
family Sclerotiniaceae: a fungus family of order Helotiales
family Scrophulariaceae: a family of dicotyledonous plants of the order Polemoniales; includes figwort and snapdragon and foxglove and toadflax and speedwell and mullein; in some classifications placed in the order Scrophulariales
family Secotiaceae: a family of fungi that have a stalk and cap and a wrinkled mass of tissue (the gleba) where spores are produced; are often dismissed as misshapen forms of other fungi
family Selaginellaceae: lesser club mosses: terrestrial chiefly tropical plants resembling mosses
family Septobasidiaceae: a family of fungi belonging to the subdivision Basidiomycota
family Simaroubaceae: chiefly tropical trees and shrubs with bitter bark having dry usually one-seeded winged fruit
family Solanaceae: large and economically important family of herbs or shrubs or trees often strongly scented and sometimes narcotic or poisonous; includes the genera Solanum, Atropa, Brugmansia, Capsicum, Datura, Hyoscyamus, Lycopersicon, Nicotiana, Petunia, Physalis, and Solandra
family Sparganiaceae: coextensive with the genus Sparganium
family Sphaeriaceae: parasitic fungi having globose and sometimes necked or beaked perithecia
family Sphaerobolaceae: monotypic family of fungi in which the more or less spherical gleba is forcibly ejected at maturity
family Sphaerocarpaceae: liverworts with bilaterally symmetrical gametophytes; sometimes placed in the order Jungermanniales
family Staphylaceae: a family of dicotyledonous plants of order Sapindales found mostly in the north temperate zone
family Sterculiaceae: a large family of plants of order Malvales
family Strelitziaceae: woody plants with erect stems of tropical South America and South Africa and Madagascar; in some classifications included in the family Musaceae
family Strophariaceae: sometimes included in family Agaricaceae
family Styracaceae: a widely distributed family of shrubs and trees of order Ebenales
family Symplocaceae: a dicotyledonous family of order Ebenales
family Synchytriaceae: a fungus family of order Chytridiales
family Taccaceae: small family of tropical herbs
family Tamaricaceae: family of desert shrubs and trees (mostly halophytes and xerophytes)
family Taxaceae: sometimes classified as member of order Taxales
family Tecophilaeacea: one of many subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted
family Tetragoniaceae: succulent herbs or small shrubs mostly of South Africa but also New Zealand and North America: carpetweeds; fig marigolds
family Theaceae: a family of trees and shrubs of the order Parietales
family Thelephoraceae: fungi having leathery or membranous sporophores
family Thelypteridaceae: genera Thelypteris, Phegopteris, and others
family Theophrastaceae: family of mainly tropical American trees and shrubs similar to those of the Myrsinaceae; often included in the Myrsinaceae
family Thymelaeaceae: family of trees and shrubs and herbs having tough bark that are found especially in Australia and tropical Africa
family Tiliaceae: chiefly trees and shrubs of tropical and temperate regions of especially southeastern Asia and Brazil; genera Tilia, Corchorus, Entelea, Grewia, Sparmannia
family Tilletiaceae: a family of smut fungi having a simple promycelium bearing the spores in an apical cluster
family Trapaceae: family comprising solely the genus Trapa; in some classifications treated as a subfamily or tribe of the family Onagraceae
family Tremellaceae: a family of basidiomycetous fungi of the order Tremellales that have the basidium divided longitudinally
family Tricholomataceae: a family of fungi belonging to the order Agaricales
family Trilliaceae: small family of herbs having flowers with 3 petals and 3 sepals; in some classification systems considered a subfamily of the Liliaceae
family Tropaeolaceae: coextensive with the genus Tropaeolum
family Tuberaceae: family of fungi whose ascocarps resemble tubers and vary in size from that of an acorn to that of a large apple
family Tuberculariaceae: large family of mainly saprophytic imperfect fungi
family Tulostomataceae: stalked puffballs
family Typhaceae: perennial marsh plants with creeping rootstocks and long linear leaves
family Ulmaceae: a dicot family of the order Urticales including: genera Ulmus, Celtis, Planera, Trema
family Umbelliferae: plants having flowers in umbels: parsley; carrot; anise; caraway; celery; dill
family Urticaceae: a family of plants of order Urticales including many nettles with stinging hairs
family Usneaceae: fruticose lichens having prostrate or erect or pendulous thalli: genera Usnea, Evernia, Ramalina, Alectoria
family Ustilaginaceae: a fungus family of loose smuts
family Valerianaceae: genus of mostly herbs having a characteristic fetid odor
family Verbenaceae: family of New World tropical and subtropical herbs and shrubs and trees
family Violaceae: a family of order Parietales including the genera Viola, Hybanthus, Hymenanthera, Melicytus
family Viscaceae: in some classifications considered a subfamily of Loranthaceae
family Vitaceae: a family of vines belonging to order Rhamnales
family Vittariaceae: one of a number of families into which Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems: genus Vittaria
family Volvariaceae: a family of fungi belonging to the order Agaricales
family Welwitschiaceae: in some classifications included in the Gnetaceae
family Winteraceae: small family of chiefly tropical shrubs and trees of genera Drimys and Pseudowintera; sometimes included in Magnoliaceae
family Xanthorrhoeaceae: one of many subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted
family Xylariaceae: family of fungi characterized by dark brown to black spores
family Xyridaceae: plants of tropical to temperate regions; usually in wet places
family Zamiaceae: a family of cycads often included in the family Cycadaceae: zamias
family Zannichelliaceae: alternative classification for some genera included in Potamogetonaceae; one species
family Zingiberaceae: a family of tropical monocotyledonous plants of order Musales
family Zosteraceae: used in some classifications: essentially equivalent to Potamogetonaceae
family Zygophyllaceae: small trees, shrubs, and herbs of warm arid and saline regions; often resinous; some poisonous: genera Zygophyllum, Tribulus, Guaiacum, Larrea
fan palm: palm having palmate or fan-shaped leaves
feather palm: palm having pinnate or featherlike leaves
featherfoil: a plant of the genus Hottonia
February daphne: small European deciduous shrub with fragrant lilac-colored flowers followed by red berries on highly toxic twigs
feijoa: South American shrub having edible greenish plumlike fruit
Felicia amelloides: hairy South African or Australian subshrub that has daisylike flowers with blue rays
Felicia bergeriana: softly hairy South African herb having flowers with bright blue rays
felwort: gentian of Europe and China having creamy white flowers with fringed corollas
fennel: any of several aromatic herbs having edible seeds and leaves and stems
fern: any of numerous flowerless and seedless vascular plants having true roots from a rhizome and fronds that uncurl upward; reproduce by spores
fern ally: pteridophytes of other classes than Filicopsida
fern family: families of ferns and fern allies
fern genus: genera of ferns and fern allies
fern seed: the asexual spore of ferns that resembles dust; once thought to be seeds and to make the possessor invisible
Festuca elatior: grass with wide flat leaves cultivated in Europe and America for permanent pasture and hay and for lawns
Festuca ovina: cultivated for sheep pasturage in upland regions or used as a lawn grass
fever tree: any of several trees having leaves or bark used to allay fever or thought to indicate regions free of fever
fibrous-rooted begonia: any of numerous begonias having fibrous rather than tuberous or rhizomatous roots
fibrovascular bundle: a unit strand of the vascular system in stems and leaves of higher plants consisting essentially of xylem and phloem
Ficus carica: Mediterranean tree widely cultivated for its edible fruit
Ficus carica sylvestris: wild variety of the common fig used to facilitate pollination of certain figs
Ficus diversifolia: shrub or small tree often grown as a houseplant having foliage like mistletoe
Ficus religiosa: fig tree of India noted for great size and longevity; lacks the prop roots of the banyan; regarded as sacred by Buddhists
Ficus rubiginosa: Australian tree resembling the banyan often planted for ornament; introduced into South Africa for brushwood
Ficus sycomorus: thick-branched wide-spreading tree of Africa and adjacent southwestern Asia often buttressed with branches rising from near the ground; produces cluster of edible but inferior figs on short leafless twigs; the biblical sycamore
field corn: corn grown primarily for animal feed or market grain
field crop: a crop (other than fruits or vegetables) that is grown for agricultural purposes
field pea: seed of the field pea plant
field pussytoes: a variety of pussytoes
fig leaf: a leaf from a fig tree
fig marigold: any of several South African plants of the genus Mesembryanthemum cultivated for showy pink or white flowers
fig tree: any moraceous tree of the tropical genus Ficus; produces a closed pear-shaped receptacle that becomes fleshy and edible when mature
figwort: any of numerous tall coarse woodland plants of the genus Scrophularia
Filago germanica: (literally an undutiful herb) a variety of cotton rose
filament: the stalk of a stamen
film fern: any fern of the genus Hymenophyllum growing in tropical humid regions and having translucent leaves
finger grass: any grass of the genus Chloris; occurs in short grassland especially on waste ground or poor soils
fir: nonresinous wood of a fir tree
fir cone: the seed-producing cone of a fir tree
fir: any of various evergreen trees of the genus Abies; chiefly of upland areas
Fischer's slime mushroom: a type of slime mushroom
fishtail palm: attractive East Indian palm having distinctive bipinnate foliage
Fistulina hepatica: a popular edible fungus with a cap the color of liver or raw meat; abundant in southeastern United States
Flacourtia indica: small shrubby tree of Madagascar cultivated in tropical regions as a hedge plant and for its deep red acid fruits resembling small plums
flag smut fungus: a smut fungus causing a smut in cereals and other grasses that chiefly affects leaves and stems and is characterized chains of sori within the plant tissue that later rupture releasing black masses of spores
flag: plants with sword-shaped leaves and erect stalks bearing bright-colored flowers composed of three petals and three drooping sepals
flame flower: a plant of the genus Kniphofia having long grasslike leaves and tall scapes of red or yellow drooping flowers
flame pea: any of several small shrubs or twining vines having entire or lobed leaves and racemes of yellow to orange-red flowers; Australia
Flammulina velutipes: an edible agaric that is available in early spring or late fall when few other mushrooms are; has a viscid smooth orange to brown cap and a velvety stalk that turns black in maturity and pallid gills; often occur in clusters
flannel leaf: any of various plants of the genus Verbascum having large usually woolly leaves and terminal spikes of yellow or white or purplish flowers
flat-topped white aster: a variety of aster
flax: plant of the genus Linum that is cultivated for its seeds and for the fibers of its stem
fleabane: any of several North American plants of the genus Erigeron having daisylike flowers; formerly believed to repel fleas
flesh: a soft moist part of a fruit
Flindersia australis: tall Australian timber tree yielding tough hard wood used for staves etc
Flindersia schottiana: Australian timber tree whose bark yields a poison
flooded gum: any of several Australian gum trees growing on moist or alluvial soil
floral leaf: a modified leaf that is part of a flower
floret: a diminutive flower (especially one that is part of a composite flower)
Florida arrowroot: small tough woody zamia of Florida and West Indies and Cuba; roots and half-buried stems yield an arrowroot
Florida strangler fig: a strangler tree native to southern Florida and West Indies; begins as an epiphyte eventually developing many thick aerial roots and covering enormous areas
Florida strap fern: common epiphytic or sometimes terrestrial fern having pale yellow-green strap-shaped leaves; Florida to West Indies and Mexico and south to Uruguay
flower: a plant cultivated for its blooms or blossoms
flower bud: a bud from which only a flower or flowers develop
flower cluster: an inflorescence consisting of a cluster of flowers
flower head: a shortened compact cluster of flowers so arranged that the whole gives the effect of a single flower as in clover or members of the family Compositae
flower petal: part of the perianth that is usually brightly colored
flower stalk: erect leafless flower stalk growing directly from the ground as in a tulip
flowering cherry: any of several shrubs or trees of the genus Prunus cultivated for their showy white or pink single or double blossoms
flowering fern: any fern of the genus Osmunda: large ferns with creeping rhizomes; naked sporangia are on modified fronds that resemble flower clusters
flowering glume: the lower and stouter of the two glumes immediately enclosing the floret in most Gramineae
flowering hazel: any of several Asiatic deciduous shrubs cultivated for their nodding racemes of yellow flowers that appear before the leaves
flowering maple: an ornamental plant of the genus Abutilon having leaves that resemble maple leaves
flowering quince: Asiatic ornamental shrub with spiny branches and pink or red blossoms
flowering shrub: shrub noted primarily for its flowers
flowering stone: any plant of the genus Lithops native to Africa having solitary yellow or white flowers and thick leaves that resemble stones
fly orchid: any of several dwarf creeping orchids with small bizarre insect-like hairy flowers on slender stalks
Foeniculum vulgare: strongly aromatic with a smell of aniseed; leaves and seeds used for seasoning
Foeniculum vulgare dulce: grown especially for its edible aromatic bulbous stem base
foliage: the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants
Fomes igniarius: fungus used in the preparation of punk for fuses
forestiera: any plant of the genus Forestiera
Forestiera neomexicana: spiny branching deciduous shrub of southwestern United States having clusters of insignificant yellow-white flowers appearing before leaves followed by attractive black berrylike fruits
form genus Rhizoctinia: form genus of imperfect fungi some species of which are now placed in genera Pellicularia and Corticium because their perfect stages have been found
forsythia: any of various early blooming oleaceous shrubs of the genus Forsythia; native to eastern Asia and southern Europe but widely cultivated for their branches of bright yellow bell-shaped flowers
Fortunella japonica: shrub bearing round-fruited kumquats
Fortunella margarita: shrub bearing oval-fruited kumquats
fothergilla: any of several deciduous low-growing shrubs of the genus Fothergilla having showy brushlike spikes of white flowers in spring and fiery red and orange autumn color; grows from Alabama to the Allegheny Mountains
Fouquieria columnaris: candlewood of Mexico and southwestern California having tall columnar stems and bearing honey-scented creamy yellow flowers
Fouquieria splendens: desert shrub of southwestern United States and Mexico having slender naked spiny branches that after the rainy season put forth foliage and clusters of red flowers
four o'clock: any of several plants of the genus Mirabilis having flowers that open in late afternoon
foxtail orchid: any of various orchids of the genus Rhyncostylis having pink- to purple-marked white flowers in a dense cylindrical raceme
foxtail: grasses of the genera Alopecurus and Setaria having dense silky or bristly brushlike flowering spikes
Fragaria ananassa: widely cultivated
Fragaria chiloensis: wild strawberry of western United States and South America; source of many varieties of cultivated strawberries
Fragaria vesca: Europe
Francoa ramosa: Chilean evergreen shrub having delicate spikes of small white flowers
frangipani: any of various tropical American deciduous shrubs or trees of the genus Plumeria having milky sap and showy fragrant funnel-shaped variously colored flowers
Fraxinus Americana: spreading American ash with leaves pale green or silvery beneath and having hard brownish wood
Fraxinus caroliniana: small ash of swampy areas of southeastern United States
Fraxinus cuspidata: shrubby ash of southwestern United States having fragrant white flowers
Fraxinus dipetala: shrubby California ash with showy off-white flowers
Fraxinus latifolia: timber tree of western North America yielding hard light wood; closely related to the red ash
Fraxinus nigra: vigorous spreading North American tree having dark brown heavy wood; leaves turn gold in autumn
Fraxinus ornus: southern Mediterranean ash having fragrant white flowers in dense panicles and yielding manna
Fraxinus pennsylvanica: smallish American tree with velvety branchlets and lower leaf surfaces
Fraxinus pennsylvanica subintegerrima: a variety of red ash having glossy branchlets and lower leaf surfaces
Fraxinus quadrangulata: ash of central and southern United States with bluish-green foliage and hard brown wood
Fraxinus texensis: low-growing ash of Texas
Fraxinus tomentosa: timber tree of central and southeastern United States having hairy branchlets and a swollen trunk base
Fraxinus velutina: small shrubby ash of southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico
free central placentation: where ovules develop on a central column in a compound ovary lacking septa or with septa at base only
freesia: any of several plants of the genus Freesia valued for their one-sided clusters of usually fragrant yellow or white or pink tubular flowers
French honeysuckle: European herb with small fragrant crimson or white spurred flowers
French marigold: strong-scented bushy annual with orange or yellow flower heads marked with red; Mexico and Guatemala
frijol: the common bean plant grown for the beans rather than the pods (especially a variety with large red kidney-shaped beans)
fringe tree: any of various small decorative flowering trees or shrubs of the genus Chionanthus
fringed gentian: any of various herbs of the genus Gentianopsis having the margins of the corolla lobes fringed; sometimes included in genus Gentiana
fringed grass of Parnassus: bog plant with broadly heart-shaped basal leaves and cream-colored or white saucer-shaped flowers with fringed petals; west of Rocky Mountains from Alaska to New Mexico
fringed orchid: any of several summer-flowering American orchids distinguished by a fringed or lacerated lip
fringepod: annual herb having pinnatifid basal leaves and slender racemes of small white flowers followed by one-seeded winged silicles
Fritillaria agrestis: a malodorous California herb with bell-shaped flowers; a common weed in grainfields
Fritillaria biflora: herb of southwestern United States having dark purple bell-shaped flowers mottled with green
Fritillaria imperialis: Eurasian herb with a cluster of leaves and orange-red bell-shaped flowers at the top of the stem
Fritillaria lanceolata: herb of northwestern America having green-and-purple bell-shaped flowers
Fritillaria liliaceae: California herb with white conic or bell-shaped flowers usually tinged with green
Fritillaria meleagris: Eurasian checkered lily with pendant flowers usually veined and checkered with purple or maroon on a pale ground and shaped like the bells carried by lepers in medieval times; widely grown as an ornamental
Fritillaria parviflora: California herb with brownish-purple or greenish bell-shaped flowers
Fritillaria pluriflora: California herb with pinkish purple flowers
Fritillaria recurva: western United States herb with scarlet and yellow narrow bell-shaped flowers
frog orchid: any of several green orchids of the genus Habenaria
frog's lettuce: very similar to Potamogeton; of western Africa, Asia, and Europe
frond: compound leaf of a fern or palm or cycad
fructification: organs of fruiting (especially the reproductive parts of ferns and mosses)
fruit: the ripened reproductive body of a seed plant
fruit tree: tree bearing edible fruit
fruitage: the yield of fruit
fruiting body: an organ specialized for producing spores
fruitlet: a diminutive fruit, especially one that is part of a multiple fruit
fruitwood: wood of various fruit trees (as apple or cherry or pear) used especially in cabinetwork
fuchsia: any of various tropical shrubs widely cultivated for their showy drooping purplish or reddish or white flowers; Central and South America and New Zealand and Tahiti
Fuchsia coccinea: erect or climbing shrub of Brazil with deep pink to red flowers
Fuchsia excorticata: erect deciduous shrub or tree to 10 feet with maroon flowers; New Zealand
Fumaria officinalis: delicate European herb with greyish leaves and spikes of purplish flowers; formerly used medicinally
fumed oak: oak given a weathered appearance by exposure to fumes of ammonia; used for cabinetwork
fungus: an organism of the kingdom Fungi lacking chlorophyll and feeding on organic matter; ranging from unicellular or multicellular organisms to spore-bearing syncytia
fungus family: includes lichen families
fungus genus: includes lichen genera
fungus order: the order of fungi
funicle: the stalk of a plant ovule or seed
Fusanus acuminatus: Australian tree with edible flesh and edible nutlike seed
Fuscoboletinus paluster: an edible fungus with a pinkish purple cap and stalk and a pore surface that is yellow with large angular pores that become like gills in maturity
Fuscoboletinus serotinus: an edible fungus with a broadly convex brown cap and a whitish pore surface and stalk
fuzz: filamentous hairlike growth on a plant
gaillardia: any plant of western America of the genus Gaillardia having hairy leaves and long-stalked flowers in hot vibrant colors from golden yellow and copper to rich burgundy
Gaillardia pulchella: annual of central United States having showy long-stalked yellow flower heads marked with scarlet or purple in the center
Galax urceolata: tufted evergreen perennial herb having spikes of tiny white flowers and glossy green round to heart-shaped leaves that become coppery to maroon or purplish in fall
galbulus: the seed-producing cone of a cypress tree
galea: an organ shaped like a helmet; usually a vaulted and enlarged petal as in Aconitum
Galega officinalis: tall bushy European perennial grown for its pinnate foliage and slender spikes of blue flowers; sometimes used medicinally
Galeopsis tetrahit: coarse bristly Eurasian plant with white or reddish flowers and foliage resembling that of a nettle; common as a weed in United States
Galiella rufa: the cup-shaped fruiting body of this discomycete has a jellylike interior and a short stalk
Galium aparine: annual having the stem beset with curved prickles; North America and Europe and Asia
Galium lanceolatum: bedstraw with sweetish roots
Galium mollugo: Eurasian herb with ample panicles of small white flowers; naturalized in North America
gall: abnormal swelling of plant tissue caused by insects or microorganisms or injury
gametangium: cell or organ in which gametes develop
gametoecium: gametangia and surrounding bracts
gametophore: a modified branch bearing gametangia as in the thalloid liverworts
gametophyte: the gamete-bearing individual or phase in the life cycle of a plant having alternation of generations
Garcinia gummi-gutta: low spreading tree of Indonesia yielding an orange to brown gum resin (gamboge) used as a pigment when powdered
Garcinia mangostana: East Indian tree with thick leathery leaves and edible fruit
garden pea: the flattened to cylindric inflated multi-seeded fruit of the common pea plant
garden pink: any of various flowers of plants of the genus Dianthus cultivated for their fragrant flowers
garden plant: any of a variety of plants usually grown especially in a flower or herb garden
gardenia: any of various shrubs and small trees of the genus Gardenia having large fragrant white or yellow flowers
Gardenia jasminoides: evergreen shrub widely cultivated for its large fragrant waxlike white flowers and glossy leaves
gasteromycete: any fungus of the class Gasteromycetes
Gastroboletus scabrosus: a dingy yellow brown fungus with a rough stalk that superficially resembles a bolete
Gastroboletus turbinatus: a fungus with a cap that can vary from red to dark brown; superficially resembles a bolete
Gastrocybe lateritia: a species of Gastrocybe fungus that has a conic cap and a thin stalk; at first the stalk is upright but as it matures the stalk bends over and then downward; the cap then gelatinizes and a slimy mass containing the spores falls to the ground as the stalk collapses
gastrolobium: any of various Australian evergreen shrubs of the genus Gastrolobium having whorled compound leaves poisonous to livestock and showy yellow to deep reddish-orange flowers followed by two-seeded pods
Gaultheria hispidula: slow-growing procumbent evergreen shrublet of northern North America and Japan having white flowers and numerous white fleshy rough and hairy seeds
Gaultheria procumbens: creeping shrub of eastern North America having white bell-shaped flowers followed by spicy red berrylike fruit and shiny aromatic leaves that yield wintergreen oil
Gaultheria shallon: small evergreen shrub of Pacific coast of North America having edible dark purple grape-sized berries
Gaylussacia baccata: low shrub of the eastern United States bearing shiny black edible fruit; best known of the huckleberries
Gaylussacia brachycera: creeping evergreen shrub of southeastern United States having small shiny boxlike leaves and flavorless berries
Gaylussacia frondosa: huckleberry of the eastern United States with pink flowers and sweet blue fruit
gazania: any plant of the genus Gazania valued for their showy daisy flowers
Gazania rigens: decumbent South African perennial with short densely leafy stems and orange flower rays with black eyespots at base
gean: wild or seedling sweet cherry used as stock for grafting
Geastrum coronatum: an earthstar with a bluish spore sac and a purplish brown gleba; at maturity the outer layer splits into rays that bend backward and elevate the spore sac
geebung: any of numerous shrubs and small trees having hard narrow leaves and long-lasting yellow or white flowers followed by small edible but insipid fruits
Geglossaceae: a type of ascomycetous fungus
Gelsemium sempervirens: poisonous woody evergreen vine of southeastern United States having fragrant yellow funnel-shaped flowers
gemma: small asexual reproductive structure in e.g. liverworts and mosses that detaches from the parent and develops into a new individual
genipa: any tree of the genus Genipa bearing yellow flowers and edible fruit with a thick rind
Genipa Americana: tree of the West Indies and northern South America bearing succulent edible orange-sized fruit
Genista anglica: prickly yellow-flowered shrub of the moors of New England and Europe
Genista hispanica: erect shrub of southwestern Europe having racemes of golden yellow flowers
Genista raetam: desert shrub of Syria and Arabia having small white flowers; constitutes the juniper of the Old Testament; sometimes placed in genus Genista
Genista tinctoria: small Eurasian shrub having clusters of yellow flowers that yield a dye; common as a weed in Britain and the United States; sometimes grown as an ornamental
genlisea: rootless carnivorous swamp plants having at the base of the stem a rosette of foliage and leaves consisting of slender tubes swollen in the middle to form traps; each tube passes into two long spirally twisted arms with stiff hairs
gentian: any of various plants of the family Gentianaceae especially the genera Gentiana and Gentianella and Gentianopsis
Gentiana acaulis: low-growing alpine plant cultivated for its dark glossy green leaves in basal rosettes and showy solitary bell-shaped blue flowers
Gentiana andrewsii: gentian of eastern North America having tubular blue or white flowers that open little if at all
Gentiana calycosa: tufted sometimes sprawling perennial with blue flowers spotted with green; western North America
Gentiana clausa: similar to Gentiana andrewsii but with larger flowers
Gentiana lutea: robust European perennial having clusters of yellow flowers
Gentiana pneumonanthe: perennial Eurasian gentian with sky-blue funnel-shaped flowers of damp open heaths
Gentiana saponaria: erect perennial of wet woodlands of North America having leaves and flower buds resembling those of soapwort
Gentiana villosa: a perennial marsh gentian of eastern North America
Gentianella quinquefolia: gentian of eastern North America having clusters of bristly blue flowers
Gentianopsid procera: small blue-flowered fringed gentian of east central North America
Gentianopsis crinita: tall widely distributed fringed gentian of eastern North America having violet-blue or white fringed flowers
Gentianopsis detonsa: medium-tall fringed gentian with pale-blue to blue-purple flowers; circumboreal in distribution
Gentianopsis holopetala: small blue-flowered fringed gentian of Sierra Nevada mountains
Gentianopsis thermalis: small blue-flowered fringed gentian of western United States (Rocky Mountains) especially around hot springs in Yellowstone National Park
genus Abelia: chiefly east Asian shrubs
genus Abelmoschus: genus of tropical coarse herbs having large lobed leaves and often yellow flowers
genus Abies: true firs
genus Abronia: genus of western North American herbs having showy flowers
genus Abutilon: herbs or shrubs or small trees: flowering maple; Indian mallow
genus Acacia: large genus of shrubs and trees and some woody vines of Central and South America, Africa, Australia and Polynesia: wattle; mimosa
genus Acalypha: a genus of herbs and shrubs belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae
genus Acanthocereus: mostly trailing cacti having nocturnal white flowers; tropical America and Caribbean region
genus Acanthus: bear's breeches
genus Acer: type genus of the Aceraceae; trees or shrubs having winged fruit
genus Achillea: perennial often aromatic and sometimes mat-forming herbs of north temperate regions: yarrow; milfoil
genus Achimenes: genus of tropical perennial American herbs
genus Achras: tropical trees having papery leaves and large fruit
genus Acinos: plants closely allied to the genera Satureja and Calamintha
genus Acocanthera: small genus of trees and shrubs containing strongly toxic cardiac glycosides; Arabia to Africa
genus Aconitum: genus of poisonous plants of temperate regions of northern hemisphere with a vaulted and enlarged petal
genus Acorus: sweet flags; sometimes placed in subfamily Acoraceae
genus Acrocarpus: small genus of trees of Indonesia and Malaysia
genus Acroclinium: genus of herbs and shrubs of Australia and South Africa: everlasting flower; most species usually placed in genus Helipterum
genus Acrocomia: Central and South American feather palms
genus Acrostichum: in some classification systems placed in family Polypodiaceae
genus Actaea: baneberry
genus Actinidia: small Asiatic woody vine bearing many-seeded fruit
genus Actiniopteris: terrestrial ferns of tropical Asia and Africa
genus Actinomeris: used in some classification systems for plants now included in genus Verbesina
genus Adansonia: baobab; cream-of-tartar tree
genus Adenanthera: small genus of trees of tropical Asia and Pacific areas
genus Adenium: one species: succulent shrub or tree of tropical Africa and Arabia
genus Adiantum: cosmopolitan genus of ferns: maidenhair ferns; in some classification systems placed in family Polypodiaceae or Adiantaceae
genus Adlumia: one species: climbing fumitory
genus Adonis: annual or perennial herbs
genus Aegiceras: a genus of herbs of the family Verbenaceae
genus Aegilops: goat grass
genus Aeonium: a genus of plants of the family Crassulaceae
genus Aerides: epiphytic orchids of tropical Asia having stiff leaves and fragrant white flowers in arching racemes
genus Aeschynanthus: large genus of East Indian ornamental woody epiphytic plants
genus Aesculus: deciduous trees or some shrubs of North America; southeastern Europe; eastern Asia
genus Aethionema: Old World genus of the family Cruciferae
genus Aethusa: fool's parsley
genus Aframomum: an African genus of plants of the family Zingiberaceae
genus Afrocarpus: dioecious evergreen trees or shrubs; equatorial to southern and southeastern Africa: yellowwood; similar to trees or genus Podocarpus
genus Agalinis: semiparasitic herb with purple or white or pink flowers; grows in the United States and West Indies
genus Agapanthus: small genus of South African evergreen or deciduous plants; sometimes placed in the family or subfamily Alliaceae
genus Agaricus: type genus of Agaricaceae; gill fungi having brown spores and including several edible species
genus Agastache: giant hyssop; Mexican hyssop
genus Agathis: kauri pine
genus Agave: type genus of the Agavaceae; in some classifications considered a genus of Amaryllidaceae
genus Agdestis: a genus with one species that is a rapidly growing climbing vine with tuberous roots; grown in hot climates
genus Ageratina: annual to perennial herbs or shrubs of eastern United States and Central and South America
genus Ageratum: genus of tropical American herbs grown for their flowers
genus Aglaomorpha: epiphytic ferns of tropical Asia
genus Aglaonema: climbing herbs of southeastern Asia having thick fleshy oblong leaves and naked unisexual flowers: Chinese evergreen
genus Agrimonia: genus of herbs found chiefly in north temperate regions having pinnate leaves and yellow flowers followed by bristly fruit
genus Agropyron: perennial grasses of temperate and cool regions: wheatgrass; dog grass
genus Agrostemma: a caryophylloid dicot genus including corn cockles
genus Agrostis: annual or perennial grasses cosmopolitan in northern hemisphere: bent grass (so named from `bent' meaning an area of unfenced grassland)
genus Ailanthus: small genus of east Asian and Chinese trees with odd-pinnate leaves and long twisted samaras
genus Ajuga: bugle
genus Albatrellus: a genus of fungi belonging to the family Polyporaceae
genus Albizzia: large genus of unarmed trees and shrubs of Old World tropics
genus Albuca: genus of bulbous plants of South Africa; sometimes placed in subfamily Hyacinthaceae
genus Albugo: type genus of the Albuginaceae; fungi causing white rusts
genus Alcea: genus of erect herbs of the Middle East having showy flowers: hollyhocks; in some classification systems synonymous with genus Althaea
genus Aldrovanda: one species: waterwheel plant
genus Alectoria: lichens having dark brown erect or pendulous much-branched cylindrical thallus
genus Aletris: small genus of bitter-rooted herbs of eastern North America and Asia; sometimes placed in family Melanthiaceae
genus Aleurites: candlenut
genus Alisma: small genus of aquatic or semiaquatic plants
genus Allamanda: genus of tropical American woody vines
genus Alliaria: a genus of herbs of the family Cruciferae; have broad leaves and white flowers and long siliques
genus Allionia: small genus of chiefly American herbs
genus Allium: large genus of perennial and biennial pungent bulbous plants: garlic; leek; onion; chive; sometimes placed in family Alliaceae as the type genus
genus Alnus: alders
genus Alocasia: tropical Asiatic herbs similar to Colocasia but distinguished by a large sterile spadix
genus Aloe: large genus of chiefly African liliaceous plants; in some systems placed in family Aloeaceae
genus Alopecurus: annual or perennial grasses including decorative and meadow species as well as notorious agricultural weeds
genus Alsobia: tropical American herbs sometimes included in genus Episcia
genus Alstonia: genus of evergreen trees or shrubs with white funnel-shaped flowers and milky sap; tropical Africa to southeastern Asia and Polynesia
genus Alstroemeria: genus of showy South American herbs with leafy stems; sometimes placed in family Alstroemeriaceae or in family Amaryllidaceae
genus Alternanthera: genus of low herbs of tropical America and Australia; includes genus Telanthera
genus Althaea: hollyhocks; in some classification systems synonymous with genus Alcea
genus Alyssum: a genus of the family Cruciferae
genus Amanita: genus of widely distributed agarics that have white spores and are poisonous with few exceptions
genus Amaranthus: large widely distributed genus of chiefly coarse annual herbs
genus Amaryllis: type genus of the Amaryllidaceae; bulbous flowering plants of southern Africa
genus Amauropelta: epiphytic or terrestrial ferns of America and Africa and Polynesia
genus Amberboa: herbs of Mediterranean to central Asia cultivated for their flowers
genus Ambrosia: comprising the ragweeds; in some classification considered the type genus of a separate family Ambrosiaceae
genus Amelanchier: North American deciduous trees or shrubs
genus Amianthum: one species: fly poison; sometimes placed in family Melanthiaceae
genus Ammobium: small genus of Australian herbs grown for their flowers
genus Amorpha: American herbs or shrubs usually growing in dry sunny habitats on prairies and hillsides
genus Amorphophallus: genus of large tropical east Asian cormous aroids: devil's tongue; snake palm
genus Amphicarpaea: very small genus of twining vines of North America and Asia: hog peanut
genus Amsinckia: rough annual herbs of Europe and the Americas: fiddlenecks
genus Amsonia: genus of herbs and subshrubs with milky juice and showy bluish flowers; Europe to Asia Minor to Japan and North America
genus Amygdalus: used in former classifications for peach and almond trees which are now included in genus Prunus
genus Anacardium: type genus of the Anacardiaceae: cashew
genus Anacyclus: a Spanish pellitory
genus Anadenanthera: 2 species of tropical American shrubs or trees
genus Anagallis: chiefly Old World herbs
genus Anagyris: very small genus of shrubs of southern Europe having backward curving seed pods
genus Ananas: a genus of tropical American plants have sword-shaped leaves and a fleshy compound fruits composed of the fruits of several flowers (such as pineapples)
genus Anaphalis: a genus of herbs of north temperate regions having hoary leaves: pearly everlasting
genus Anastatica: one species: rose of Jericho; resurrection plant
genus Anchusa: rough and hairy Old World herbs
genus Andira: small genus of evergreen trees of tropical America and western Africa
genus Andreaea: brown or blackish Alpine mosses having a dehiscent capsule with 4 longitudinal slits
genus Andromeda: low-growing shrubs of northern regions of northern hemisphere
genus Andropogon: tall annual or perennial grasses with spikelike racemes; warm regions
genus Andryala: a genus of hardy hairy latex-producing perennials of Mediterranean area
genus Anemia: genus of terrestrial or lithophytic ferns having pinnatifid fronds; chiefly of tropical America
genus Anemone: perennial herbs with tuberous roots and beautiful flowers; of north and south temperate regions
genus Anemonella: one species: rue anemone
genus Anemopsis: one species: yerba mansa
genus Anethum: dill
genus Angelica: biennial or perennial herbs of the northern hemisphere; have a taproot
genus Angiopteris: one species: tree fern
genus Angraecum: genus of tropical Old World epiphytic orchids with showy flowers sometimes grotesque
genus Anigozanthus: genus of monocotyledonous plants with curious woolly flowers on sturdy stems above a fan of sword-shaped leaves; includes kangaroo's paw and Australian sword lily; sometimes placed in family Amaryllidaceae
genus Annona: type genus of the Annonaceae; tropical American trees or shrubs
genus Anoectochilus: genus of delicate Asiatic orchids
genus Anogramma: a genus of ferns belonging to the family Pteridaceae
genus Antennaria: small woolly perennial herbs having small whitish discoid flowers surrounded by a ring of club-shaped bristles
genus Anthemis: dog fennel
genus Anthericum: genus of Old World (mainly African) perennial herbs; sometimes placed in family Asphodelaceae
genus Antheropeas: small genus of North American herbs often included in genus Eriophyllum
genus Anthoceros: hornworts
genus Anthriscus: chervil: of Europe, North Africa and Asia
genus Anthurium: large genus of often epiphytic evergreen tropical American plants often cultivated as houseplants
genus Anthyllis: genus of Mediterranean herbs and shrubs
genus Antirrhinum: a genus of herbs of the family Scrophulariaceae with brightly colored irregular flowers
genus Aphyllanthes: one species; small fibrous-rooted perennial with rushlike foliage and deep blue flowers; sometimes placed in its own family Aphyllanthaceae
genus Apios: twining perennial North American plants
genus Apium: celery
genus Aplectrum: a monocotyledonous genus of the family Orchidaceae
genus Apocynum: perennial herbs with small pink or white flowers
genus Aporocactus: small genus of epiphytic cacti of Mexico
genus Aquilegia: columbine
genus Arabidopsis: a genus of the mustard family having white or yellow or purplish flowers; closely related to genus Arabis
genus Arabis: annual to perennial woody herbs of temperate North America, Europe and Asia: rockcress
genus Arachis: a genus of plants with pods that ripen underground (see peanut)
genus Aralia: type genus of Araliaceae; large widely distributed genus of shrubs and trees and vines: spikenard; Hercules'-club
genus Araucaria: a genus of the araucaria family
genus Araujia: small genus of South American evergreen vines
genus Arbutus: large evergreen shrubs and trees of southern Europe and western North America: strawberry tree; madrona
genus Arceuthobium: genus of chiefly American plants parasitic on conifers
genus Arctium: burdock
genus Arctostaphylos: bearberry; manzanita
genus Arctotis: herbs and subshrubs: African daisy
genus Ardisia: tropical evergreen subshrubs (some climbers) to trees of Asia and Australasia to Americas
genus Areca: a monocotyledonous genus of palm trees
genus Arenaria: sandworts
genus Arenga: a genus of tropical Asian and Malaysian palm trees
genus Arethusa: genus of bog orchids of North America and Japan
genus Argemone: prickly poppies
genus Argyranthemum: comprises plants often included in the genus Chrysanthemum
genus Argyreia: woody climbers of tropical Asia to Australia
genus Argyroxiphium: small genus of Hawaiian spreading and rosette-forming shrubs
genus Ariocarpus: slow-growing geophytic cacti; northern and eastern Mexico; southern Texas
genus Arisaema: tuberous or rhizomatous herbaceous perennials
genus Arisarum: tuberous or rhizomatous perennial herbs; mainly Mediterranean area
genus Aristolochia: birthworts; Dutchman's-pipe
genus Aristotelia: small genus of shrubs or small trees of Australia and New Zealand and western South America
genus Armeria: shrubby or herbaceous low-growing evergreen perennials
genus Armillaria: genus of edible mushrooms having white spores an annulus and blue juice; some are edible; some cause root rot
genus Armillariella: a honey-colored diminutive form of genus Armillaria; grows in clusters; edible (when cooked) but most attention has been on how to get rid of it
genus Armoracia: horseradish
genus Arnica: large genus of herbs of north temperate and Arctic regions
genus Arnoseris: lamb succory
genus Arrhenatherum: oat grass
genus Artemisia: usually aromatic shrubs or herbs of north temperate regions and South Africa and western South America: wormwood; sagebrush; mugwort; tarragon
genus Arthropteris: tropical and subtropical Old World epiphytic or lithophytic ferns
genus Artocarpus: evergreen Asiatic trees now grown through the tropics: breadfruit; jackfruit
genus Arum: type genus of the Araceae: tuberous perennial herbs of Europe and Asia with usually heart-shaped leaves
genus Arundinaria: North American bamboo
genus Arundo: any of several coarse tall perennial grasses of most warm areas: reeds
genus Asarum: wild ginger
genus Asclepias: genus of chiefly North American perennial herbs: silkweed; milkweed
genus Asimina: pawpaw
genus Aspalathus: genus of South African heathlike shrubs
genus Asparagus: large genus of Old World perennial herbs with erect or spreading or climbing stems and small scalelike leaves and inconspicuous flowers; sometimes placed in family Asparagaceae
genus Aspergillus: genus of common molds causing food spoilage and some pathogenic to plants and animals
genus Asperula: woodruff
genus Asphodeline: genus of rhizomatous perennial or biennial herbs with numerous sometimes fragrant flowers in long cylindrical racemes; Mediterranean region to Caucasus; sometimes placed in family Asphodelaceae
genus Asphodelus: small genus of tall striking annuals or perennials with grasslike foliage and flowers in dense racemes or panicles; Mediterranean to Himalayas; sometimes placed in family Asphodelaceae
genus Aspidistra: genus of eastern Asiatic herbs; sometimes placed in the family Convallariaceae
genus Asplenium: in some classification systems placed in family Polypodiaceae
genus Aster: large genus of herbs widely cultivated for their daisylike flowers
genus Astilbe: chiefly Asiatic perennials: spirea
genus Astragalus: large genus of annual or perennial herbs or shrubs of north temperate regions; largest genus in the family Leguminosae
genus Astrantia: a genus of Eurasian herbs of the family Umbelliferae with aromatic roots and palmate leaves and showy flowers
genus Astreus: a genus of fungi belonging to the family Geastraceae
genus Astroloma: evergreen shrubs of Australia and Tasmania
genus Astronium: a genus of dicotyledonous plants of the family Anacardiaceae
genus Athrotaxis: a genus of gymnosperm
genus Athyrium: temperate and tropical lady ferns; in some classifications placed in family Polypodiaceae or in the genus Asplenium
genus Atriplex: orach; saltbush
genus Atropa: belladonna
genus Attalea: unarmed feather palms of central and northern South America
genus Aucuba: hardy evergreen dioecious shrubs and small trees from Japan
genus Aureolaria: small genus of North American herbs often root-parasitic and bearing golden-yellow flowers; sometimes placed in genus Gerardia
genus Auricularia: type genus of the Auriculariaceae
genus Austrocedrus: one species; formerly included in genus Libocedrus
genus Austrotaxus: a gymnosperm genus having one species: New Caledonian yew
genus Avena: oats
genus Averrhoa: trees native to East Indies having pinnate leaves: carambolas
genus Avicennia: small genus of tropical shrubs or trees
genus Ayapana: genus of tropical American herbs sometimes included in genus Eupatorium
genus Azadirachta: genus of large important East Indian trees: neem trees
genus Azolla: a genus of fern sometimes placed in its own family Azollaceae
genus Baccharis: shrubs of western hemisphere often having honey-scented flowers followed by silky thistlelike heads of tiny fruits; often used for erosion control
genus Ballota: perennial herbs or subshrubs of especially Mediterranean area: black horehound
genus Balsamorhiza: genus of coarse western American herbs with large roots containing an aromatic balsam
genus Bambusa: tall tender clumping bamboos
genus Banksia: important genus of Australian evergreen shrubs or trees with alternate leathery leaves and yellowish flowers
genus Baphia: small genus of shrubs and lianas and trees of Africa and Madagascar
genus Baptisia: genus of North American plants with showy flowers and an inflated pod
genus Barbarea: biennial or perennial herbs of north temperate regions: winter cress
genus Bartle-Frere: a living fossil or so-called `green dinosaur'; genus or subfamily of primitive nut-bearing trees thought to have died out 50 million years ago; a single specimen found in 1994 on Mount Bartle Frere in eastern Australia; not yet officially named
genus Bassia: summer cypress
genus Batis: small genus of plants constituting the family Batidaceae: low straggling dioecious shrubs
genus Bauhinia: mountain ebony, orchid tree
genus Beaumontia: small genus of evergreen woody vines in the East Indies and Asia
genus Begonia: large genus of tropical succulent plants widely cultivated
genus Belamcanda: a monocotyledonous genus of the family Iridaceae
genus Bellis: daisy
genus Bennettitis: type of the Bennettitales
genus Benzoin: used in some classifications for the American spicebush and certain other plants often included in the genus Lindera
genus Berberis: large genus of shrubs of temperate zones of New and Old Worlds
genus Bergenia: genus of perennial spring-blooming rhizomatous herbs with thick evergreen leaves; eastern Asia
genus Berteroa: hoary alyssum
genus Bertholletia: brazil nut
genus Bessera: small genus of cormous perennials of Mexico; sometimes placed in family Alliaceae
genus Besseya: genus of North American spring wildflowers
genus Beta: beets
genus Betula: a genus of trees of the family Betulaceae (such as birches)
genus Bidens: bur marigolds
genus Bignonia: one species: cross vine
genus Biscutella: genus of Eurasian herbs and small shrubs: buckler mustard
genus Blandfordia: small genus of tuberous Australian perennial herbs
genus Blastocladia: a genus of fungi of the family Blastodiaceae
genus Blastomyces: genus of pathogenic yeastlike fungi
genus Blechnum: in some classification systems placed in family Polypodiaceae; terrestrial ferns of cosmopolitan distribution mainly in southern hemisphere: hard ferns
genus Blephilia: small genus of North American herbs: wood mints
genus Bletia: genus of tropical American terrestrial orchids with large purple or pink flowers
genus Bletilla: small genus of chiefly east Asiatic hardy terrestrial orchids similar to genus Bletia
genus Blighia: small genus of western African evergreen trees and shrubs bearing fleshy capsular three-seeded fruits edible when neither unripe nor overripe
genus Bloomeria: small genus of bulbous perennial herbs of southwestern United States and Mexico; sometimes placed in family Alliaceae
genus Bocconia: tropical American trees or shrubs closely related to genus Macleaya
genus Boehmeria: false nettle
genus Bolbitis: terrestrial or less than normally scandent ferns of tropical regions of northern hemisphere
genus Boletellus: a genus of fungi belonging to the family Boletaceae
genus Boletus: type genus of Boletaceae; genus of soft early-decaying pore fungi; some poisonous and some edible
genus Boltonia: genus of tall leafy perennial herbs of eastern America and eastern Asia having flowers that resemble asters
genus Bomarea: large genus of tropical American vines having showy often spotted umbellate flowers; sometimes placed in family Liliaceae especially subfamily Alstroemeriaceae
genus Bombax: trees of chiefly South America
genus Borago: perennial herbs of the Mediterranean region
genus Borassus: palmyra
genus Boswellia: genus of trees of North Africa and India that yield incense
genus Botrychium: grape fern; moonwort
genus Bougainvillaea: ornamental tropical woody vines
genus Bouteloua: forage grasses
genus Bowiea: small genus of tropical African perennial bulbous herbs with deciduous twining stems; sometimes placed in family Hyacinthaceae
genus Boykinia: genus of perennial rhizomatous herbs with flowers in panicles; North America; Japan
genus Brachychiton: Australian trees (usually with swollen trunks)
genus Brachycome: mostly Australian herbs having basal or alternate leaves and loosely corymbose flower heads
genus Brachystegia: small genus of tropical African timber trees having pale golden heartwood uniformly striped with dark brown or black:
genus Brasenia: alternatively, a member of the family Nymphaeaceae
genus Brassavola: genus of tropical American epiphytic or lithophytic rhizomatous orchids
genus Brassia: genus of tropical American epiphytic orchids having striking axillary racemes of yellow to green spiderlike flowers with long slender sepals and warty lips: spider orchids
genus Brassica: mustards: cabbages; cauliflowers; turnips; etc.
genus Brickelia: genus of herbs of southwestern America having usually creamy florets followed by one-seeded fruits in a prominent bristly sheath
genus Brodiaea: genus of western United States bulbous plants with basal leaves and variously colored flowers; sometimes placed in family Alliaceae
genus Bromus: a genus of grasses of the family Gramineae
genus Broussonetia: paper mulberry
genus Browallia: small genus of tropical South American annuals
genus Bruckenthalia: a genus containing only one species: spike heath
genus Brugmansia: includes some plants often placed in the genus Datura: angel's trumpets
genus Brunfelsia: genus of tropical American shrubs grown for their flowers followed by fleshy berrylike fruits
genus Brya: genus of prickly shrubs and small trees of the Caribbean region; source of a durable hardwood
genus Bryanthus: a genus allied to and once included in genus Phyllodoce
genus Bryonia: climbing perennial herbs: bryony
genus Bryum: type genus of the Bryaceae: mosses distinguished by mostly erect and tufted gametophytes and symmetrical short-necked capsules
genus Buchloe: buffalo grass
genus Buckleya: small genus of Asiatic and American parasitic shrubs
genus Buddleia: shrubs or trees of warm regions
genus Bulnesia: palo santo
genus Bumelia: deciduous or evergreen American shrubs small trees having very hard wood and milky latex
genus Buphthalmum: oxeye
genus Burmannia: type genus of the Burmanniaceae; slender herbs of warm regions with leaves resembling scales and flowers with a three-angled or three-winged perianth
genus Bursera: type genus of Burseraceae; tropical and subtropical American shrubs and trees some yielding timber and gum elemi
genus Butea: genus of East Indian trees or shrubs: dhak
genus Buxus: type genus of the Buxaceae
genus Cabomba: alternatively, a member of the family Nymphaeaceae; a small genus of American aquatic plants
genus Cacalia: genus of tall smooth herbs of forested mountains of Europe and Asia minor; in some classifications includes many plants usually placed in genus Emilia
genus Caesalpinia: small spiny tropical trees or shrubs; includes the small genus or subgenus Poinciana
genus Cajanus: erect densely branched shrubby perennials of Old World tropics; naturalized in other warm regions
genus Cakile: small genus of succulent annual herbs found on sandy shores of North America and Europe
genus Caladenia: terrestrial orchids of Australia to New Caledonia
genus Caladium: small genus of tropical South American tuberous perennials with large variously colored leaves
genus Calamagrostis: reed grass
genus Calamintha: calamint
genus Calamus: distinctive often spiny-stemmed palms found as climbers in tropical and subtropical forest
genus Calandrinia: large genus of low-growing herbs; widespread throughout tropical and warm temperate regions having usually basal leaves and panicles of purplish ephemeral flowers
genus Calanthe: large and widely distributed genus of terrestrial orchids
genus Calceolaria: large genus of tropical American herbs and shrubs with showy cymose flowers
genus Calendula: marigold
genus Calla: water arum
genus Calliandra: genus of pinnate-leaved shrubs and small trees of tropical and subtropical North and South America and India and West Africa
genus Callirhoe: small genus of North American herbs having usually red or purple flowers
genus Callistephus: one species: erect Asiatic herb with large flowers
genus Callitriche: water starworts
genus Callitris: evergreen monoecious coniferous trees or shrubs: cypress pines
genus Calluna: one species
genus Calocarpum: a genus of tropical American trees of the family Sapotaceae
genus Calocedrus: tall evergreens of western North America and eastern Asia; formerly included in genus Libocedrus
genus Calochortus: large genus of western North American leafy-stemmed bulbous herbs
genus Calophyllum: genus of tropical evergreen trees
genus Calopogon: terrestrial orchids of North America
genus Caltha: a genus of Caltha
genus Calvatia: genus of puffballs having outer casings whose upper parts break at maturity into angular pieces to expose the spores
genus Calycanthus: a magnoliid dicot genus of the family Calycanthaceae including: allspice
genus Calycophyllum: medium to large tropical American trees having shiny reddish-brown shredding bark
genus Calypso: one species found throughout much of northern North America and Eurasia
genus Calystegia: climbing or scrambling herbs: bindweed
genus Camelina: annual and biennial herbs of Mediterranean to central Asia
genus Camellia: tropical Asiatic evergreen shrubs or small trees
genus Campanula: large genus of herbs grown for their blossoms: bellflowers
genus Camptosorus: classification used in some especially former systems for plants usually placed in genus Asplenium
genus Campyloneurum: epiphytic ferns of tropical America
genus Canangium: a genus of Malayan tree
genus Canavalia: herbs or woody vines of mainly American tropics and subtropics
genus Candida: a genus of yeastlike imperfect fungi; sometimes included in genus Monilia of the family Moniliaceae
genus Canella: one species
genus Canna: type and sole genus of the Cannaceae: perennial lily-like herbs of New World tropics
genus Cannabis: hemp: genus of coarse annuals native to central Asia and widely naturalized in north temperate regions; in some classifications included in the family Moraceae
genus Cantharellus: a well-known genus of fungus; has funnel-shaped fruiting body; includes the chanterelles
genus Capparis: tropical or subtropical evergreen shrubs or small trees
genus Capsella: shepherd's purse
genus Capsicum: chiefly tropical perennial shrubby plants having many-seeded fruits: sweet and hot peppers
genus Caragana: large genus of Asiatic deciduous shrubs or small trees
genus Cardamine: bittercress, bitter cress
genus Cardiospermum: tendril-climbing herbs or shrubs whose seeds have a white heart-shaped spot
genus Carduus: genus of annual or perennial Old World prickly thistles
genus Carex: large genus of plants found in damp woodlands and bogs and ditches or at water margins: sedges
genus Carica: type genus of the Caricaceae; tropical American trees: papayas
genus Carissa: Old World genus of tropical evergreen usually spiny shrubs
genus Carlina: genus of Mediterranean thistles
genus Carnegiea: caryophylloid dicot genus with only one species: saguaro
genus Carpenteria: one species; sometimes placed in family Saxifragaceae
genus Carpinus: mostly deciduous monoecious trees or shrubs: hornbeams; sometimes placed in subfamily Carpinaceae
genus Carpobrotus: a caryophyllaceous genus of Carpobrotus
genus Carthamus: safflower
genus Carum: caraway
genus Carya: genus of large deciduous nut-bearing trees; United States and China
genus Caryocar: type genus of the Caryocaraceae; South American trees yielding strong fine-grained wood and edible nuts
genus Caryota: fishtail palms
genus Cassia: some genus Cassia species often classified as members of the genus Senna or genus Chamaecrista
genus Cassiope: low tufted evergreen shrubs of colder parts of north temperate regions having moss-like foliage and nodding white or pink flowers
genus Castanea: chestnuts; chinkapins
genus Castanopsis: evergreen trees and shrubs of warm regions valued for their foliage; southeastern United States and eastern Australia and northern New Zealand
genus Castanospermum: a rosid dicot genus of the subfamily Papilionoideae having one species: Moreton Bay chestnut
genus Castilleia: genus of western North and South American perennials often partially parasitic on roots of grasses
genus Casuarina: genus of trees and shrubs widely naturalized in southern United States and West Indies; coextensive with the family Casuarinaceae and order Casuarinales
genus Catalpa: a dicotyledonous genus of plants belonging to the family Bignoniaceae; has large flowers (white or mottled) and long terete pods
genus Catananche: genus of Mediterranean herbs: cupid's dart
genus Catasetum: genus of tropical American orchids having showy male and female flowers usually on separate inflorescences
genus Catha: a genus of African evergreen shrubs characterized by thick leaves and white flowers
genus Catharanthus: small genus of erect annual or perennial herbs native to Madagascar; widely naturalized in the tropics; formerly included in genus Vinca
genus Cathaya: one species; related to Pseudotsuga and Larix
genus Cattleya: large and highly valued genus of beautiful tropical American epiphytic or lithophytic orchids; the typical orchids; known in many varieties
genus Caulophyllum: blue cohosh
genus Cecropia: large genus of tropical American trees that yield a bast fiber used for cordage and bark used in tanning; milky juice yields caoutchouc
genus Cedrela: tropical American trees
genus Cedrus: true cedars
genus Ceiba: tropical American trees with palmately compound leaves and showy bell-shaped flowers
genus Celastrus: genus of woody vines and erect shrubs (type genus of the Celastraceae) that is native chiefly to Asia and Australia: includes bittersweet
genus Celosia: annual or perennial herbs or vines of tropical and subtropical America and Asia and Africa
genus Celtis: large genus of trees and shrubs with berrylike fruit
genus Cenchrus: a genus of grasses of the family Gramineae that have burs
genus Centaurea: knapweed; star thistle
genus Centaurium: genus of low-growing herbs mostly of northern hemisphere having flowers with protruding spirally twisted anthers
genus Centranthus: genus of southern European herbs and subshrubs
genus Centrolobium: a genus of Centrolobium
genus Centrosema: a genus of chiefly tropical American vines of the family Leguminosae having trifoliate leaves and large flowers
genus Centunculus: a dicotyledonous genus of the family Primulaceae
genus Cephalanthera: small genus of temperate Old World terrestrial orchids
genus Cephalotaxus: the genus of Cephalotaxus (see plum-yews)
genus Cephalotus: one species: Australian pitcher plant
genus Cerastium: mouse-eared chickweed
genus Ceratonia: carobs
genus Ceratopetalum: a dicotyledonous genus of the family Cunoniaceae
genus Ceratophyllum: constituting the family Ceratophyllaceae: hornworts
genus Ceratopteris: water ferns
genus Ceratostomella: genus of fungi forming continuous hyaline spores
genus Ceratozamia: small genus of Mexican cycads; sometimes classified in family Cycadaceae
genus Cercidiphyllum: one species: katsura tree
genus Cercidium: spiny shrubs or small trees sometimes placed in genus Parkinsonia: paloverde
genus Cercis: deciduous shrubs and trees of eastern Asia, southern Europe and the United States
genus Cercospora: form genus of imperfect fungi that are leaf parasites with long slender spores
genus Cercosporella: form genus of imperfect fungi lacking pigment in the spores and conidiophores
genus Cereus: genus of much-branched treelike or shrubby cacti with pronounced ribs and rounded needlelike spines and nocturnal flowers usually white
genus Ceroxylon: wax palms
genus Cestrum: genus of fragrant tropical American shrubs
genus Ceterach: small genus of Old World ferns; superseded in some classification systems which place plants of this genus in e.g. genera Asplenium and Pleurosorus
genus Cetraria: foliose lichens chiefly of northern latitudes
genus Chaenactis: genus of flowering herbs of western United States
genus Chaenomeles: flowering quince
genus Chamaecrista: genus of tropical herbs or subshrubs having sensitive leaves and suddenly dehiscing pods; some species placed in genus Cassia
genus Chamaecyparis: a genus of Chamaecyparis
genus Chamaecytisus: small late-flowering trees or subshrubs having yellow to red flowers and leathery or woody pods; often especially formerly included in genus Cytisus
genus Chamaedaphne: one species: leatherleaf
genus Chamaemelum: small genus of plants sometimes included in genus Anthemis: chamomile
genus Cheilanthes: small evergreen ferns: lipferns; in some classifications placed in family Polypodiaceae or Adiantaceae
genus Cheiranthus: Old World perennial plants grown for their showy flowers
genus Chelidonium: one species: greater celandine
genus Chelone: herbaceous perennials: shellflower
genus Chenopodium: goosefoot; pigweed
genus Chilopsis: one species: desert willow
genus Chimaphila: small genus of evergreen herbs with long creeping rootstocks and shining leaves; North America; Europe; east Asia
genus Chimonanthus: small genus of Asian deciduous or evergreen shrubs having fragrant flowers: winter sweet
genus Chinchona: large genus of trees of Andean region of South America having medicinal bark
genus Chiococca: shrubs of tropical and subtropical New World
genus Chionanthus: deciduous trees or shrubs: fringe tree
genus Chloranthus: type genus of the Chloranthaceae
genus Chloris: tufted or perennial or annual grasses having runners: finger grass; windmill grass
genus Chlorophyllum: a genus of fungus belonging to the family Lepiotaceae
genus Chloroxylon: deciduous trees of India and Sri Lanka
genus Chordospartium: 2 species of small New Zealand trees: weeping tree broom; endangered
genus Chorizema: genus of Australian twining vines and small shrubs: flame peas
genus Christella: medium to large terrestrial ferns of tropical forests of Old World to Americas
genus Chrysanthemum: in some classifications many plants usually assigned to the genus Chrysanthemum have been divided among other genera: e.g. Argyranthemum; Dendranthema; Leucanthemum; Tanacetum
genus Chrysobalanus: coco plums
genus Chrysolepis: two species: golden chinkapins
genus Chrysophyllum: tropical American evergreen trees or shrubs
genus Chrysopsis: golden aster
genus Chrysosplenium: genus of widely distributed semiaquatic herbs with minute greenish-yellow apetalous flowers
genus Chrysothamnus: genus of low branching shrubs of western North America
genus Cibotium: in some classification systems placed in family Cyatheaceae: ornamental tree ferns with coarse gracefully drooping fronds
genus Cicer: chickpea plant; Asiatic herbs
genus Cichorium: chicory
genus Cicuta: small genus of perennial herbs having deadly poisonous tuberous roots: water hemlock
genus Cimicifuga: small genus of perennial herbs of north temperate regions: bugbane
genus Cinnamomum: Asiatic and Australian aromatic trees and shrubs
genus Circaea: enchanter's nightshade
genus Cirsium: plume thistles
genus Cistus: small to medium-sized evergreen shrubs of southern Europe and North Africa
genus Citroncirus: a cross between Citrus sinensis and Poncirus trifoliata
genus Citrullus: a dicot genus of the family Cucurbitaceae including watermelons
genus Citrus: orange; lemon; lime; etc.
genus Cladonia: type genus of Cladoniaceae; lichens characterized by a crustose thallus and capitate fruiting bodies borne on simple or branched podetia
genus Cladrastis: yellowwoods
genus Clathrus: type genus of the Clathraceae
genus Claviceps: fungi parasitic upon the ovaries of various grasses
genus Claytonia: genus of mainly North American succulent herbs with white or pink flowers usually in terminal racemes
genus Cleistes: terrestrial orchids of North and South America having slender fibrous roots; allied to genus Pogonia
genus Clematis: large genus of deciduous or evergreen woody vines or erect herbs
genus Cleome: tropical and subtropical annual or perennial herbs or low shrubs
genus Clethra: type and sole genus of the Clethraceae; deciduous shrubs or small trees: white alder, summer-sweet
genus Clianthus: genus of semi-prostrate Australasian shrubs or vines
genus Cliftonia: one species: titi
genus Clinopodium: wild basil
genus Clintonia: sometimes placed in family Convallariaceae
genus Clitocybe: a genus of agarics with white to pale yellow spore deposits and fleshy stalks centrally attached to the cap and closely attached gills
genus Clitoria: genus of tropical shrubs or vines having pinnate leaves and large axillary flowers
genus Clusia: tropical American aromatic trees or shrubs; often epiphytic; some stranglers
genus Cnicus: one species: blessed thistle
genus Cnidoscolus: a genus of perennial plant with bristles; belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae
genus Cocculus: climbing plants or shrubs
genus Cochlearia: a genus of the family Cruciferae
genus Cocos: coconut palms
genus Codariocalyx: used in some classifications for plants usually included in genus Desmodium
genus Codiaeum: evergreen tropical trees and shrubs with thick and colorful leathery leaves; Malaya and Pacific islands
genus Coeloglossum: terrestrial orchids of cooler parts of North America and Europe: satyr orchid
genus Coelogyne: large diverse genus of tropical Asiatic epiphytic orchids
genus Coffea: coffee trees
genus Cola: large genus of African trees bearing kola nuts
genus Colchicum: chiefly fall-blooming perennial cormous herbs; sometimes placed in family Colchicaceae
genus Coleus: genus of Old World tropical plants cultivated for their variegated leaves; various plants sometimes placed in genera Plectranthus or Solenostemon
genus Collinsia: genus of hardy annual herbs of western United States
genus Collinsonia: small genus of perennial erect or spreading aromatic herbs; United States
genus Colocasia: small genus of perennial tuberous herbs of tropical Asia: taro
genus Colubrina: mostly tropical American shrubs or small trees with small yellowish flowers and yellow or red fruits
genus Columnea: genus of tropical American subshrubs and lianas
genus Colutea: small genus of Eurasian shrubs with yellow flowers and bladdery pods
genus Comandra: small genus of chiefly North American parasitic plants
genus Combretum: type genus of the Combretaceae: tropical and subtropical small shrubs and trees
genus Commelina: type genus of the Commelinaceae; large genus of herbs of branching or creeping habit: day flower; widow's tears
genus Commiphora: genus of East Indian and African trees yielding balsamic products
genus Comptonia: one species: sweet fern
genus Coniogramme: terrestrial ferns of Pacific islands and Asia
genus Conium: small genus of highly toxic biennials: hemlock
genus Connarus: large genus of tropical trees and shrubs; type genus of the Connaraceae
genus Conocarpus: monotypic genus of tropical American trees: button tree
genus Conoclinium: mistflower
genus Conopodium: a genus of dicotyledonous plants of the family Umbelliferae
genus Conospermum: Australian shrubs (some trees) with flowers in dense spikes: smoke bush
genus Conradina: small genus of low aromatic shrubs of southeastern United States
genus Consolida: plants having flowers resembling the larkspur's but differing from larkspur's in the arrangement of petals; sometimes included in genus Delphinium
genus Convallaria: sometimes placed in family Convallariaceae: lily of the valley
genus Convolvulus: genus of mostly climbing or scrambling herbs and shrubs: bindweed
genus Conyza: common American weed or wildflower
genus Copernicia: slow-growing tropical fan palms
genus Coprinus: genus of black-spotted agarics in which the cap breaks down at maturity into an inky fluid; sometimes placed in its own family Coprinaceae
genus Coptis: small genus of low perennial herbs having yellow rhizomes and white or yellow flowers
genus Corallorhiza: genus of leafless root-parasitic orchids having small purplish or yellowish racemose flowers with lobed lips; widely distributed in temperate regions
genus Corchorus: widely distributed genus of tropical herbs or subshrubs; especially Asia
genus Cordaites: tall Paleozoic trees superficially resembling modern screw pines; structurally intermediate in some ways between cycads and conifers
genus Cordia: tropical deciduous or evergreen trees or shrubs of the family Boraginaceae
genus Cordyline: Asiatic and Pacific trees or shrubs; fragments of the trunk will regrow to form whole plants
genus Coreopsis: genus of American plants widely cultivated for their flowers
genus Coriandrum: small genus of annual Mediterranean herbs
genus Cornus: a rosid dicot genus of the family Cornaceae including: dogwood; cornel: perennial chiefly deciduous shrubs or small trees of temperate regions of northern hemisphere
genus Corokia: evergreen shrubs with intricately twisted wiry stems that in summer are smothered in small yellow flowers; grows in New Zealand
genus Coronilla: genus of Old World shrubs and herbs
genus Corozo: a monocotyledonous genus of tropical American palm trees
genus Cortaderia: tall ornamental grasses of South America and New Zealand and New Guinea: pampas grass
genus Corticium: genus of fungi having simple smooth sporophores; some are parasitic on wood or economic crops; some species formerly placed in form genus Rhizoctinia
genus Cortinarius: the largest genus in the Agaricales; agarics having rusty spores and prominent cortinae (cobwebby partial veils)
genus Coryanthes: small genus of tropical American epiphytic or lithophytic orchids
genus Corydalis: annual or perennial herbs of Himalayan China and South Africa
genus Corylopsis: small genus of deciduous shrubs of temperate regions of Asia
genus Corylus: deciduous monoecious nut-bearing shrubs of small trees: hazel; sometimes placed in the subfamily or family Corylaceae
genus Corypha: large fan palms of tropical Asia to Australia
genus Coryphantha: mainly globose cacti of southwestern United States and Mexico covered with many nodules; superficially resembling and formerly included in genus Mammillaria
genus Cosmos: genus of tropical American plants cultivated for their colorful flowers
genus Cotinus: smoke trees
genus Cotoneaster: genus of deciduous or evergreen Old World shrubs widely cultivated
genus Cotula: cosmopolitan herbs especially southern hemisphere; many used as ground covers
genus Coumarouna: tropical American trees: tonka beans
genus Crambe: annual or perennial herbs with large leaves that resemble the leaves of cabbages
genus Craspedia: herbs of Australia and New Zealand
genus Crassula: type genus of Crassulaceae; herbs and small shrubs having woody stems and succulent aerial parts
genus Crataegus: thorny shrubs and small trees: hawthorn; thorn; thorn apple
genus Crateva: tropical genus of small trees or shrubs
genus Crepis: hawk's-beard; cosmopolitan in northern hemisphere
genus Crescentia: a genus of tropical American trees of the family Bignoniaceae; has a short trunk and crooked limbs and drooping branches
genus Crocus: a monocotyledonous genus of the family Iridaceae
genus Cronartium: rust fungi having aecia produced in raised or swollen sori and teliospores borne in waxy columns
genus Crotalaria: large genus of herbs with simple leaves and racemes of yellow flowers; mainly of tropical Africa
genus Croton: tropical shrubs and herbs; source of croton oil
genus Cryptocoryne: water trumpet; aquatic herbs having broad leaves and long slender spathes; often used as aquarium plants
genus Cryptogramma: sometimes placed in family Polypodiaceae or Cryptogrammataceae
genus Cryptomeria: Japanese cedar; sugi
genus Cucumis: cucumbers; muskmelons
genus Cucurbita: type genus of the Cucurbitaceae
genus Culcita: includes some plants usually placed in e.g. genus Dicksonia: terrestrial ferns resembling bracken; tropical America; Malaysia to Australia and Polynesia; southwestern Europe and Atlantic islands
genus Cuminum: cumin
genus Cupressus: type genus of Cupressaceae
genus Curcuma: tropical Asiatic perennial herbs
genus Curtisia: a large evergreen tree of South Africa
genus Cuscuta: genus of twining leafless parasitic herbs lacking chlorophyll: dodder
genus Cyamopsis: small genus of annual usually hairy herbs of tropical Africa and Arabia
genus Cyathea: type genus of the Cyatheaceae: tree ferns of the tropical rain forest to temperate woodlands
genus Cycas: type genus of Cycadaceae: genus of widely distributed Old World evergreen tropical trees having pinnate leaves and columnar stems covered with persistent bases of old leaves
genus Cyclamen: genus of widely cultivated flowering Eurasian herbs with centrally depressed rounded tubers and rounded heart-shaped leaves
genus Cycloloma: a caryophyllaceous genus of the family Chenopodiaceae
genus Cyclophorus: tropical Old World ferns having closely crowded circular sori and no indusia
genus Cyclosorus: small genus of terrestrial ferns of tropical and subtropical southern hemisphere
genus Cycnoches: genus of epiphytic or terrestrial tropical American orchids
genus Cydonia: quince
genus Cymbidium: genus of tropical epiphytic or terrestrial Old World orchids; one of the most popular orchid genera
genus Cynancum: genus of perennial tropical African lianas
genus Cynara: artichoke; cardoon
genus Cynodon: creeping perennial grasses of tropical and southern Africa
genus Cynoglossum: a large genus of tall rough herbs belonging to the family Boraginaceae
genus Cyperus: type genus of Cyperaceae; grasslike rhizomatous herbs; cosmopolitan except very cold regions
genus Cyphomandra: tree tomato
genus Cypripedium: genus of chiefly American perennial leafy-stemmed orchids: lady's slippers; sometimes includes species of genus Paphiopedilum
genus Cyrilla: one species: trees and shrubs having flowers with acute or twisted petals and wingless fruit
genus Cyrtomium: small genus of tropical Asiatic greenhouse ferns; in some classifications placed in Polypodiaceae
genus Cystopteris: chiefly small perennial rock ferns: bladder ferns; in some classifications placed in Polypodiaceae
genus Cytisus: large genus of stiff or spiny evergreen or deciduous Old World shrubs: broom
genus Daboecia: a dicotyledonous genus of the family Ericaceae
genus Dacrycarpus: evergreen coniferous shrubs or trees of New Zealand to Malaysia and Philippines
genus Dacrydium: Australasian evergreen trees or shrubs
genus Dacrymyces: type genus of the Dacrymycetaceae: fungi with a bifurcate basidium that lacks septa
genus Dactylis: a monocotyledonous grass of the family Gramineae (has only one species)
genus Dactyloctenium: a monocotyledonous genus of the family Gramineae
genus Dactylorhiza: genus of terrestrial orchids of Europe and Asia and North Africa
genus Dahlia: genus of perennial tuberous plants of Mexico and Central America
genus Dalbergia: large genus of tropical trees having pinnate leaves and paniculate flowers and cultivated commercially for their dramatically grained and colored timbers
genus Dalea: indigo bush
genus Danaea: fairly small terrestrial ferns of tropical America
genus Daphne: usually evergreen Eurasian shrubs
genus Darlingtonia: one species: California pitcher plant
genus Datura: thorn apple
genus Daucus: carrot
genus Davallia: Old World tropical fern; in some classification systems placed directly in family Polypodiaceae
genus Daviesia: genus of Australasian shrubs and subshrubs having small yellow or purple flowers followed by short triangular pods
genus Decumaria: small genus of woody climbers with adhesive aerial roots; sometimes placed in family Saxifragaceae
genus Delairea: one species: German ivy
genus Delonix: evergreen or deciduous trees of tropical Africa and India
genus Delphinium: large genus of chiefly perennial erect branching herbs of north temperate regions some poisonous
genus Dendranthema: comprises plants often included in the genus Chrysanthemum
genus Dendrobium: large genus and variable genus of chiefly epiphytic or lithophytic orchids of tropical and subtropical Asia and Australasia
genus Dendrocalamus: giant clump-forming bamboos
genus Dendromecon: one species: bush poppy
genus Dennstaedtia: chiefly terrestrial ferns; in some classification systems placed in family Polypodiaceae
genus Dentaria: usually included in genus Cardamine; in some classifications considered a separate genus
genus Deparia: classification used for 5 species of terrestrial ferns usually placed in other genera
genus Derris: genus of Old World tropical shrubs and woody vines
genus Descurainia: includes annual or biennial herbs of America and Europe very similar to and often included among those of genera Sisymbrium or Hugueninia; not recognized in some classification systems
genus Desmanthus: genus of American herbs or shrubs with sensitive pinnate leaves and small whitish flowers
genus Desmodium: beggarweed; tick trefoil
genus Deutzia: genus of ornamental mostly deciduous shrubs native to Asia and Central America; widespread in cultivation; sometimes placed in family Saxifragaceae
genus Diacalpa: one species: delicate fern of foothills of Himalayas
genus Dianthus: carnations and pinks
genus Diapensia: type genus of Diapensiaceae
genus Dicentra: North American and Asian herbs with divided leaves and irregular flowers
genus Dichondra: genus of chiefly tropical prostrate perennial herbs with creeping stems that root at the nodes
genus Dicksonia: tree ferns of temperate Australasia having bipinnatifid or tripinnatifid fronds and usually marginal sori; in some classification systems placed in family Cyatheaceae
genus Dicranopteris: terrestrial ferns of forest margin or open ground; pantropical
genus Dicranum: type genus of Dicranaceae
genus Dictamnus: a dicotyledonous genus of the family Rutaceae
genus Dictostylium: genus of slime molds that grow on dung and decaying vegetation
genus Dictyophera: closely related to genus Phallus distinguished by an indusium hanging like a skirt from below the pileus
genus Dieffenbachia: evergreen perennial herbs of tropical America with lush foliage and poisonous sap; often cultivated as houseplants
genus Diervilla: small genus of low deciduous shrubs: bush honeysuckles
genus Digitalis: genus of Eurasian herbs having alternate leaves and racemes of showy bell-shaped flowers
genus Digitaria: crab grass; finger grass
genus Dillenia: East Indian and Australian shrubs and trees having panicles of large white or yellow flowers
genus Dimocarpus: longan
genus Dimorphotheca: South African herbs or subshrubs with usually yellow flowers
genus Dionaea: a genus of the family Droseraceae
genus Dioon: small genus of arborescent cycads of Mexico and Central America; sometimes classified in family Cycadaceae
genus Dioscorea: yams
genus Diospyros: a genus of trees or shrubs that have beautiful and valuable wood
genus Dipladenia: genus of tropical South American tuberous perennial woody vines with large racemose flowers and milky sap
genus Diplopterygium: scandent thicket-forming ferns of Asia to western Pacific
genus Diplotaxis: wall rocket
genus Dipogon: one species: Australian pea
genus Dipsacus: type genus of the Dipsacaceae: teasel
genus Dipteronia: small genus of large deciduous shrubs having large clusters of winged seeds that turn red as they mature; central and southern China
genus Dirca: deciduous shrub of North America: leatherwood
genus Disa: genus of showy tropical African terrestrial orchids
genus Discina: a genus of fungi of the family Helvellaceae with a cup-shaped or saucer-shaped fruiting body and ornamented spores
genus Dodonaea: a genus of tropical shrub or tree
genus Dolichos: genus of chiefly tropical vines often placed in genera Dipogon or Lablab or Macrotyloma
genus Dombeya: genus of African shrubs or small trees
genus Doodia: in some classification systems placed in family Polypodiaceae; small terrestrial colony-forming ferns of Australasia
genus Doronicum: genus of Eurasian perennial tuberous or rhizomatous herbs: leopard's bane
genus Dorotheanthus: a caryophyllaceous genus of Dorotheanthus
genus Doryopteris: small to medium tropical tufted ferns; sometimes placed in family Adiantaceae
genus Dovyalis: small genus of sometimes spiny shrubs or small trees; Africa; India; Sri Lanka
genus Draba: large genus of low tufted herbs of temperate and Arctic regions
genus Dracaena: Old World tropical plants with branches ending in tufts of sword-shaped leaves; in some classifications considered a genus of Liliaceae
genus Dracocephalum: genus of American herbs and dwarf shrubs of the mint family: dragonheads
genus Dracontium: small genus of tropical American cormous herbs
genus Dracula: comprises tropical American species usually placed in genus Masdevallia: diminutive plants having bizarre and often sinister-looking flowers with pendulous scapes and motile lips
genus Dracunculus: tuberous herbaceous perennials: dragon arum
genus Drimys: shrubs and trees of southern hemisphere having aromatic foliage
genus Drosera: the type genus of Droseraceae including many low bog-inhabiting insectivorous plants
genus Drosophyllum: one species
genus Dryadella: comprises tropical American species usually placed in genus Masdevallia: very dwarf plants having short tufted and usually unifoliate stems with usually solitary flowers
genus Dryas: mountain avens
genus Drymoglossum: epiphytic ferns of Madagascar to tropical Asia and New Guinea
genus Drynaria: large robust epiphytic ferns of tropical forest and scrub; Africa and Asia and Australia
genus Dryopteris: large widespread genus of medium-sized terrestrial ferns; in some classification systems placed in Polypodiaceae
genus Drypis: one species
genus Durio: a genus of tall Asian trees of the family Bombacaceae
genus Eburophyton: a monocotyledonous genus of the family Orchidaceae
genus Ecballium: exploding cucumber; squirting cucumber
genus Echinacea: small genus of North American coarse perennial herbs
genus Echinocactus: globular or cylindrical cacti; southwestern United States to Brazil
genus Echinocereus: large genus of low-growing shrubby ribbed cacti of Mexico and southwestern United States
genus Echinochloa: annual or perennial succulent grasses of warm regions
genus Echinops: genus of Mediterranean and Eurasian herbs: globe thistles
genus Echium: a genus of bristly herbs and shrubs of the family Boraginaceae
genus Egeria: small genus of dioecious tropical aquatic plants
genus Eichhornia: water hyacinth; water orchid
genus Elaeagnus: oleaster
genus Elaeis: oil palms
genus Elaeocarpus: type genus of the family Elaeocarpaceae
genus Eleocharis: sedges having dense spikes of flowers and leaves reduced to basal sheaths
genus Elephantopus: perennial American herb
genus Elettaria: cardamom
genus Eleusine: annual and perennial grasses of savannas and upland grasslands
genus Elodea: submerged freshwater perennials
genus Elsholtzia: genus of Asiatic and African aromatic herbs
genus Elymus: tall tufted perennial grasses (such as lyme grass or wild rye)
genus Embothrium: small genus of South American evergreen shrubs or small trees with long willowy branches and flowers in flamboyant terminal clusters
genus Emilia: tropical African herbs
genus Emmanthe: one species: yellow bells
genus Empetrum: crowberries
genus Encelia: genus of shrubs of southwestern United States and Mexico: brittlebush
genus Enceliopsis: small genus of xerophytic herbs of southwestern United States
genus Encephalartos: genus of arborescent African cycads; sometimes classified in family Cycadaceae
genus Encyclia: large genus of epiphytic and lithophytic orchids of tropical and subtropical Americas and West Indies; formerly included in genus Epidendrum
genus Engelmannia: one species: North American herbs that resemble sunflowers
genus Ensete: Old World tropical herbs: Abyssinian bananas
genus Entandrophragma: cedar mahogany trees
genus Entelea: a genus of evergreen shrub that grows in New Zealand
genus Enterolobium: small genus of tropical American timber trees closely allied to genus Albizia
genus Entoloma: agarics with pink spores but lacking both volva and annulus (includes some that are poisonous)
genus Entomophthora: type genus of the Entomophthoraceae; fungi parasitic on insects
genus Epacris: type genus of the Epacridaceae: Australian heath
genus Ephedra: type and sole genus of Ephedraceae: tropical and subtropical evergreen shrubby or creeping plants native to dry and inhospitable regions
genus Epidendrum: large and variable genus of terrestrial or epiphytic or lithophytic orchids of tropical and subtropical Americas; some native to United States
genus Epigaea: small creeping evergreen shrubs: trailing arbutus
genus Epilobium: large widely distributed genus of herbs and subshrubs of especially western North America and Arctic areas
genus Epimedium: herbaceous perennials of Mediterranean to India and eastern Asia
genus Epipactis: genus of hardy orchids with leafy-bracted racemes of greenish or purplish irregular flowers
genus Epiphyllum: small genus of tropical American (mainly Central America) cacti
genus Epipremnum: small genus of evergreen lianas of southeastern Asia to western Pacific areas
genus Episcia: genus of tropical American herbs having soft hairy foliage
genus Equisetum: horsetails; coextensive with the family Equisetaceae
genus Eragrostis: annual or perennial grasses of tropics and subtropics
genus Eranthis: winter aconite
genus Ercilla: a genus of evergreen climbers
genus Erechtites: coarse herbs with whitish discoid flower heads and silky pappus
genus Erianthus: genus of reedlike grasses having spikes crowded in a panicle covered with long silky hairs
genus Erica: large genus of low much-branched woody evergreens ranging from prostrate subshrubs to trees: true heaths
genus Erigeron: cosmopolitan genus of usually perennial herbs with flowers that resemble asters; leaves occasionally (especially formerly) used medicinally
genus Eriobotrya: Asiatic evergreen fruit trees
genus Eriocaulon: type genus of the Eriocaulaceae: rushlike aquatic or marginal perennials usually found in shallow waters of acid lakes and pools and bogs
genus Eriodictyon: small genus of evergreen shrubs of southwestern United States and Mexico
genus Eriogonum: North American herbs of the buckwheat family
genus Eriophorum: cotton grass
genus Eriophyllum: genus of hairy herbs and shrubs of western North America
genus Erodium: geraniums of Europe and South America and Australia especially mountainous regions
genus Eruca: annual to perennial herbs of the Mediterranean region
genus Eryngium: large genus of decorative plants with thistlelike flower heads; cosmopolitan in distribution
genus Erysimum: large genus of annual or perennial herbs some grown for their flowers and some for their attractive evergreen leaves; Old World and North America
genus Erysiphe: genus of powdery mildews
genus Erythrina: genus of attractive tropical shrubs or trees with usually red flowers
genus Erythronium: perennial bulbous herbs most of northern United States: dogtooth violet; adder's tongue; trout lily; fawn lily
genus Erythroxylon: a large genus of South American shrubs and small trees of the family Erythroxylaceae
genus Eschscholtzia: showy herbs of western North America
genus Eucalyptus: tall trees native to the Australian region; source of timber and medicinal oils from the aromatic leaves
genus Eucarya: quandong trees
genus Eugenia: tropical trees and shrubs with aromatic leaves and often valuable hard wood
genus Euonymus: widely distributed chiefly evergreen shrubs or small trees or vines
genus Eupatorium: large genus of chiefly tropical herbs having heads of white or purplish flowers
genus Euphorbia: type genus of the Euphorbiaceae: very large genus of diverse plants all having milky juice
genus Eurotium: a genus of fungi belonging to the order Eurotiales
genus Eustoma: small genus of herbs of warm regions of southern North America to northern South America
genus Euterpe: a monocotyledonous genus of graceful palm trees in tropical America
genus Evernia: lichens of the family Usneaceae having a pendulous or shrubby thallus
genus Exacum: genus of tropical Asiatic and African plants: especially Persian violets
genus Fabiana: genus of South and Central American heathlike evergreen shrubs
genus Fagopyrum: buckwheat; in some classifications included in the genus Polygonum
genus Fagus: beeches
genus Falcatifolium: sickle pines: dioecious evergreen tropical trees and shrubs having sickle-shaped leaves; similar to Dacrycarpus in habit; Malaysia and Philippines to New Guinea and New Caledonia
genus Feijoa: small South American shrubs or trees
genus Felicia: genus of tropical African herbs or subshrubs with usually blue flowers
genus Ferocactus: genus of nearly globular cacti of Mexico and southwestern United States: barrel cacti
genus Festuca: a genus of tufted perennial grasses of the family Gramineae
genus Ficus: large genus of tropical trees or shrubs or climbers including fig trees
genus Filago: genus of small woolly herbs
genus Firmiana: small genus of Asian trees or shrubs
genus Fistulina: fungi having each pore separate though crowded
genus Flacourtia: often spiny trees or shrubs of tropical Asia and Africa
genus Flammulina: a genus of agarics
genus Flindersia: small genus of Australian timber trees
genus Foeniculum: very small genus of aromatic European herbs with pinnately compound leaves and yellow flowers
genus Fomes: genus of bracket fungi forming corky or woody perennial shelflike sporophores often of large size; includes some that cause destructive heartrot in trees
genus Forestiera: genus of often spiny American shrubs and trees
genus Forsythia: forsythia
genus Fortunella: small genus of shrubs native to south China producing small ovoid fruits resembling oranges: includes kumquats
genus Fothergilla: small genus of deciduous shrubs of the southeastern United States
genus Fouquieria: resinous succulent trees or shrubs of desert and semidesert regions of southwestern United States that are leafless most of the year
genus Fragaria: strawberries
genus Francoa: perennial evergreen herbs with white or pink flowers; Chile
genus Frasera: genus of North American herbs: columbo; includes some species sometimes placed in genus Swertia
genus Fraxinus: ash
genus Freesia: cormous perennial herbs; native to South Africa
genus Fremontodendron: flannelbush
genus Fritillaria: fritillary
genus Froelichia: genus of erect or procumbent herbs of the Americas having spikes of woolly white flowers: cottonweed
genus Fuchsia: large genus of decorative tropical shrubs with pendulous tetramerous flowers
genus Fumaria: annual herbs whose flowers have only one petal spurred at the base
genus Funka: robust east Asian clump-forming perennial herbs having racemose flowers: plantain lilies; sometimes placed in family Hostaceae
genus Fusarium: a form genus of mostly plant parasites some of which cause dry rot; in humans a species can cause inflammation of cornea leading to blindness
genus Fuscoboletinus: a genus of fungi belonging to the family Boletaceae
genus Gaillardia: genus of western American hairy herbs with showy flowers
genus Galax: evergreen herbs of southeastern United States
genus Galega: small genus of Eurasian herbs: goat's rue
genus Galeopsis: erect annual European herbs
genus Galium: annual or perennial herbs: bedstraw; cleavers
genus Garcinia: evergreen trees and shrubs: mangosteens
genus Gardenia: large genus of attractive Old World tropical shrubs and small trees
genus Gastroboletus: a genus of fungi belonging to the family Secotiaceae; they resemble boletes but the spores are not discharged from the basidium
genus Gastrocybe: a genus of fungi of the family Secotiaceae
genus Gastrolobium: genus of Australian evergreen shrubs poisonous to livestock: poison bush
genus Gaultheria: widely distributed genus of creeping or upright evergreen shrubs
genus Gaylussacia: deciduous or evergreen shrubs of North America: black huckleberries
genus Gazania: genus of tomentose tropical African herbs with milky sap
genus Geastrum: type genus of Geastraceae; fungi whose outer peridium when dry splits into starlike segments
genus Gelsemium: evergreen twining shrubs of Americas and southeastern Asia
genus Genipa: tropical American evergreen trees or shrubs bearing yellow flowers and succulent edible fruit with a thick rind
genus Genista: chiefly deciduous shrubs or small trees of Mediterranean area and western Asia: broom
genus Genlisea: small genus of carnivorous plants of tropical African swamps
genus Gentiana: type genus of the Gentianaceae; cosmopolitan genus of herbs nearly cosmopolitan in cool temperate regions; in some classifications includes genera Gentianopsis and Gentianella
genus Gentianella: genus of herbs with flowers that resemble gentian; in some classifications included in genus Gentiana
genus Gentianopsis: genus of fringed gentians; in some classifications included in genus Gentiana
genus Geoffroea: small genus of shrubs or small trees of tropical and subtropical America
genus Geoglossum: type genus of the Geoglossaceae comprising the earthtongues
genus Geranium: genus of mostly North American geraniums: cranesbills
genus Gerardia: genus of annual or perennial herbs with showy pink or purple or yellow flowers; plants often assigned to genera Aureolaria or Agalinis
genus Gerbera: genus of South African or Asiatic herbs: African daisies
genus Gerea: small genus of hairy herbs with yellow flowers
genus Gesneria: large genus of tropical American herbs having showy tubular flowers
genus Geum: avens
genus Ginkgo: sole surviving genus of the Ginkgoaceae
genus Gladiolus: gladiolas
genus Glaucium: herbs of Europe and North Africa and Asia: horned poppy
genus Glaux: sea milkwort
genus Glechoma: ground ivy
genus Gleditsia: deciduous trees: honey locusts
genus Gleichenia: type genus of Gleicheniaceae: leptosporangiate ferns with sessile sporangia; South Africa to Malaysia and New Zealand
genus Gliricidia: small genus of low-branching profusely flowering trees of tropical America
genus Gloriosa: sometimes placed in family Colchicaceae; one species: glory lily
genus Glossodia: small genus of Australian orchids
genus Gloxinia: small genus of tropical American herbs with leafy stems and axillary flowers
genus Glyceria: manna grass
genus Glycine: genus of Asiatic erect or sprawling herbs: soya bean
genus Glycyrrhiza: sticky perennial Eurasian herbs
genus Gnaphalium: large widely distributed genus of coarse hairy herbs with whitish involucres
genus Gnetum: type genus of the Gnetaceae; small trees or shrubs usually with climbing jointed stems and terminal spikes of flowers with orange-red seeds clustered in rough cones
genus Gomphrena: genus of tropical herbs or subshrubs having flowers in close heads; tropical America and Australia
genus Goniopteris: terrestrial ferns of Florida and West Indies to Central and South America
genus Goodyera: genus of small orchids of the northern hemisphere with creeping rhizomes and stalked ovate leaves and small flowers
genus Gossypium: herbs and shrubs and small trees: cotton
genus Grammatophyllum: small genus of large epiphytic or terrestrial orchids of southeastern Asia to Polynesia; the giants of the Orchidaceae having long narrow leaves and drooping flower clusters often 6 feet long
genus Graptophyllum: caricature plant
genus Grevillea: large genus of Australian shrubs and trees having usually showy orange or red flowers
genus Grewia: a genus of tropical and subtropical Old World climbers or shrubs or trees
genus Grias: anchovy pear tree
genus Grindelia: large genus of coarse gummy herbs of western North and Central America
genus Griselinia: evergreen shrubs of New Zealand and South America
genus Groenlandia: a monocotyledonous genus of the family Potamogetonaceae
genus Guaiacum: small genus of evergreen resinous trees or shrubs of warm and tropical America
genus Guevina: one species: Chilean nut
genus Gutierrezia: sticky perennial herbs and subshrubs of western North America and warm South America
genus Gymnadenia: small genus of terrestrial orchids of North America and temperate Eurasia
genus Gymnadeniopsis: genus of North American terrestrial orchids usually included in genus Habenaria
genus Gymnocalycium: large genus of low-growing globular South American cacti with spiny ribs covered with many tubercles
genus Gymnocarpium: oak ferns: in some classification systems included in genus Thelypteris
genus Gymnocladus: small genus of deciduous trees of China and United States having paniculate flowers and thick pulpy pods
genus Gymnopilus: a genus of fungus characterized by the orange color of the spore deposit
genus Gymnosporangium: genus of fungi that produce galls on cedars and other conifers of genera Juniperus and Libocedrus and causes rust spots on apples and pears and other plants of family Rosaceae
genus Gynura: genus of Old World tropical herbs: velvet plants
genus Gypsophila: Mediterranean herbs having small white or pink flowers
genus Gyromitra: a genus of fungi of the family Helvellaceae with a fertile portion that is tan to brown
genus Haastia: genus of New Zealand mat-forming herbs or subshrubs: vegetable sheep
genus Habenaria: chiefly terrestrial orchids with tubers or fleshy roots often having long slender spurs and petals and lip lobes; includes species formerly placed in genus Gymnadeniopsis
genus Hackelia: stickweed; beggar's lice
genus Haemanthus: genus of African deciduous or evergreen bulbous herbs: blood lilies
genus Haematoxylum: small genus of tropical American spiny bushy shrubs or trees
genus Haemodorum: type genus of family Haemodoraceae
genus Hakea: Australian shrubs and small trees with evergreen usually spiny leaves and dense clusters of showy flowers
genus Halenia: genus of herbs of Eurasia and the Americas: spurred gentians
genus Halesia: deciduous small trees or shrubs of China and eastern North America
genus Halimodendron: one species: salt tree
genus Halocarpus: dioecious trees or shrubs of New Zealand; similar in habit to Dacrydium
genus Halogeton: a caryophyllaceous genus of the family Chenopodiaceae
genus Hamamelidanthum: genus of fossil plants of the Oligocene having flowers resembling those of the witch hazel; found in Baltic region
genus Hamamelidoxylon: genus of fossil plants having wood identical with or similar to that of the witch hazel
genus Hamamelis: deciduous shrubs or small trees: witch hazel
genus Hamamelites: genus of fossil plants having leaves similar to those of the witch hazel
genus Hamelia: evergreen tropical American shrubs or small trees
genus Haplopappus: genus of North and South American perennial herbs or shrubs with yellow flowers; in some classifications include species placed in other genera especially Hazardia
genus Hardenbergia: small genus of Australian woody vines with small violet flowers; closely related to genus Kennedia
genus Harpullia: genus of tropical Asiatic and African trees
genus Harrisia: genus of slender often treelike spiny cacti with solitary showy nocturnal white or pink flowers; Florida and Caribbean to South America
genus Hatiora: small genus of South American epiphytic or lithophytic cacti
genus Hazardia: small genus of shrubs and subshrubs of western United States having flowers that change color as they mature
genus Hedeoma: small genus of American herbs (American pennyroyal)
genus Hedera: Old World woody vines
genus Hedysarum: genus of herbs of north temperate regions
genus Helenium: genus of American herbs with flowers having yellow rays: sneezeweeds
genus Heliamphora: genus of pitcher plants of the Guiana Highlands in South America
genus Helianthemum: widely distributed evergreen or semi-evergreen shrublets; America; Europe and North Africa to Asia Minor and central Asia
genus Helianthus: genus of tall erect or branched American annual or perennial herbs with showy flowers: sunflowers
genus Helichrysum: large genus of mostly African and Australian herbs and shrubs: everlasting flowers; in some classifications includes genus Ozothamnus
genus Helicteres: genus of shrubs and small trees of tropical America and Asia having cylindrical fruits spirally twisted around one another
genus Heliophila: genus of South African flowering herbs and subshrubs
genus Heliopsis: oxeye
genus Helipterum: genus of South African and Australian herbs or shrubs grown as everlastings; the various Helipterum species are currently in process of being assigned to other genera especially genera Pteropogon and Hyalosperma
genus Helleborus: a genus of Helleborus
genus Helminthostachys: one species: terrestrial fern of southeastern Asia and Australia
genus Helotium: type genus of the Helotiaceae
genus Helvella: type genus of the Helvellaceae
genus Helwingia: deciduous dioecious shrubs native to woodland thickets in low mountains in Japan
genus Hemerocallis: east Asian rhizomatous clump-forming perennial herbs having flowers on long leafless stalks; cosmopolitan in cultivation: day lilies; sometimes placed in subfamily Hemerocallidaceae
genus Hepatica: small genus of perennial herbs of north temperate regions; allied to genus Anemone
genus Heracleum: widely distributed genus of plants with usually thick rootstocks and large umbels of white flowers
genus Hermannia: genus of African herbs and subshrubs having honey-scented bell-shaped flowers
genus Hernaria: low-growing Old World herbs with minute bright green leaves
genus Hesperis: biennial or perennial erect herbs having nocturnally fragrant flowers
genus Heteranthera: mud plantains
genus Heteromeles: one species: toyon; in some classifications included in genus Photinia
genus Heterotheca: genus of yellow-flowered North American herbs
genus Heuchera: genus of North American herbs with basal cordate or orbicular leaves and small panicled flowers
genus Hevea: small genus of South American trees yielding latex
genus Hexalectris: a monocotyledonous genus of the family Orchidaceae
genus Hibbertia: evergreen heathlike or scandent shrubs of Madagascar; Australasia; Polynesia
genus Hibiscus: large genus of tropical and subtropical herbs and shrubs and trees often grown as ornamentals for their profusion of large flowers in a variety of colors
genus Hieracium: large genus of perennial hairy herbs of Europe to western Asia to northwestern Africa and North America; few are ornamental; often considered congeneric with Pilosella
genus Himantoglossum: small genus of terrestrial orchids of Europe and Mediterranean region
genus Hippeastrum: bulbous flowering plants of tropical America
genus Hippocrepis: species of Old World herbs or subshrubs: horseshoe vetch
genus Hoheria: small genus of shrubs and small trees of New Zealand: lacebarks
genus Holarrhena: genus of deciduous trees and shrubs of tropical Africa and Asia
genus Holcus: a genus of Old World grasses widely cultivated in America
genus Homogyne: small genus of low perennial herbs of montane Europe; in some classifications included in genus Tussilago
genus Hordeum: annual to perennial grasses of temperate northern hemisphere and South America: barley
genus Horneophyton: Devonian fossil plant considered one of the earliest forms of vascular land plants; similar to genus Rhynia but smaller
genus Hottonia: aquatic herbs
genus Houttuynia: one species; east Asian low-growing plant of wet places
genus Hovea: genus of Australian evergreen shrubs
genus Hoya: large genus of climbing shrubs of Australia and Asia and Polynesia
genus Hudsonia: small evergreen subshrubs of North America
genus Hugueninia: one species: tansy-leaved rocket
genus Hulsea: small genus of erect balsam-scented herbs; Pacific coast of the northwestern United States
genus Humulus: hops: hardy perennial vines of Europe, North America and central and eastern Asia producing a latex sap; in some classifications included in the family Urticaceae
genus Hunnemania: one species: golden cup
genus Hyacinthoides: small genus of perennial bulbs of western Europe and North Africa; sometimes placed in family Hyacinthaceae
genus Hyacinthus: sometimes placed in family Hyacinthaceae as the type genus
genus Hyalosperma: genus of herbs of temperate Australia including some from genus Helipterum
genus Hybanthus: a genus of herbs and small shrubs with white or purple flowers; grows in tropical or subtropical regions
genus Hydnum: type genus of Hydnaceae
genus Hydrangea: type genus of Hydrangeaceae; large genus of shrubs and some trees and vines with white or pink or blue flower clusters; sometimes placed in family Saxifragaceae
genus Hydrastis: small genus of perennial herbs having rhizomes and palmate leaves and small solitary flowers; of northeastern United States and Japan
genus Hydrilla: one species
genus Hydrocharis: frogbit
genus Hydrophyllum: waterleaf
genus Hygrocybe: a genus of fungi belonging to the family Hygrophoraceae
genus Hygrophorus: a genus of fungi belonging to the family Hygrophoraceae
genus Hygrotrama: a genus of fungi belonging to the family Hygrophoraceae
genus Hylocereus: genus of climbing or epiphytic tropical American cacti with angular stems and mostly white very fragrant flowers
genus Hymenaea: genus of tropical American timber trees
genus Hymenanthera: a genus of slender evergreen shrubs; grow in Australia and New Zealand
genus Hymenophyllum: type genus of the Hymenophyllaceae: filmy ferns
genus Hyoscyamus: genus of poisonous herbs: henbane
genus Hypericum: large almost cosmopolitan genus of evergreen or deciduous shrubs and herbs with often showy yellow flowers; cosmopolitan except tropical lowlands and Arctic or high altitudes and desert regions
genus Hypochoeris: widely distributed genus of herbs with milky juice; includes some cosmopolitan weeds
genus Hypopitys: term used in some classifications for the pinesaps, which are usually included in the genus Monotropa
genus Hypoxis: small plants that resemble amaryllis and that grow from a corm and bear flowers on a leafless stalk; sometimes classified as member of the family Amaryllidaceae: star grass
genus Hyssopus: Eurasian genus of perennial herbs or subshrubs
genus Iberis: Old World herbs and subshrubs: candytuft
genus Idesia: one species
genus Ilex: a large genus of dicotyledonous trees and shrubs of the family Aquifoliaceae that have small flowers and berries (including hollies)
genus Iliamna: small genus of perennial herbs or subshrubs; some often placed in other genera
genus Illecebrum: one species: coral necklace
genus Illicium: anise trees: evergreen trees with aromatic leaves
genus Impatiens: annual or perennial herbs with stems more or less succulent; cosmopolitan except for South America, Australia, and New Zealand
genus Indigofera: genus of tropical herbs and shrubs having odd-pinnate leaves and spurred flowers in long racemes or spikes
genus Inga: genus of tropical trees or shrubs
genus Inula: genus of Old World herbs or subshrubs: elecampane
genus Ipomoea: morning glory
genus Iresine: genus of tropical American herbs or subshrubs
genus Iris: large genus of perennials that develop from bulbs or rhizomes
genus Irvingia: wild mango
genus Isatis: Old World genus of annual to perennial herbs: woad
genus Isoetes: type and genus of the Isoetaceae and sole extant genus of the order Isoetales
genus Isopyrum: tufted perennial herbs of northern hemisphere
genus Iva: small genus of American herbs or shrubs; in some classifications placed in a separate family Ambrosiaceae
genus Ixia: a monocotyledonous genus of the family Iridaceae
genus Jacksonia: genus of yellow-flowered Australian unarmed or spiny shrubs without true leaves but having leaflike stems or branches
genus Jacquinia: sometimes placed in family Myrsinaceae
genus Jambos: used in some classifications for rose apples (Eugenia jambos)
genus Jamesonia: xerophytic ferns of South America
genus Jasminum: shrubs and woody climbers mostly of tropical and temperate Old World: jasmine; jessamine
genus Jatropha: a mainly tropical genus of American plant belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae
genus Juglans: type genus of the Juglandaceae
genus Juncus: type genus of the Juncaceae; perennial tufted glabrous marsh plants of temperate regions: rushes
genus Juniperus: junipers
genus Kalmia: erect evergreen shrubs: mountain laurel
genus Kennedya: genus of Australian woody vines having showy red or purplish flowers
genus Keteleeria: a genus of keteleeria
genus Khaya: African mahogany trees
genus Kiggelaria: small genus of South African shrubs or small trees
genus Kirkia: small genus of tropical South African trees and shrubs
genus Knightia: small genus of trees or shrubs of New Zealand and New Caledonia
genus Kniphofia: genus of showy clump-forming African herbs with grasslike leaves; sometimes placed in family Aloeaceae
genus Kohleria: genus of tropical American shrubs
genus Kolkwitzia: Chinese genus of 1 species: beauty bush
genus Kosteletzya: small genus of herbs of southeastern United States and tropical America and Africa
genus Krigia: small herbs closely related to chicory: dwarf dandelions
genus Lablab: one species: hyacinth bean
genus Laburnum: flowering shrubs or trees having bright yellow flowers; all parts of the plant are poisonous
genus Laccopetalum: one species: giant buttercup
genus Lactarius: large genus of agarics that have white spore and contain a white or milky juice when cut or broken; includes both edible and poisonous species
genus Lactuca: an herb with milky juice: lettuce; prickly lettuce
genus Laelia: large genus of mostly epiphytic or lithophytic Central and South American orchids of various sizes
genus Lagarostrobus: genus of dioecious evergreen trees of New Zealand and Tasmania; similar to genus Dacrydium
genus Lagenaria: bottle gourds
genus Lagenophera: small genus of herbs of Australia and South America having small solitary white or purple flowers similar to true daisies of genus Bellis
genus Lagerstroemia: shrubs or small trees of tropical Asia and Africa usually with showy white, pink, or purplish flowers
genus Laguncularia: a genus of Laguncularia
genus Lambertia: small genus of Australian shrubs
genus Lamium: genus of Old World herbs: dead nettles; henbits
genus Lansium: a dicotyledonous genus of the family Meliaceae
genus Laportea: mostly tropical stinging herbs or trees: nettle
genus Lardizabala: evergreen monoecious climbers of South America having dark mauve-blue edible berries
genus Larix: larches
genus Larrea: xerophytic evergreen shrubs; South America to southwestern United States
genus Lasthenia: small genus of herbs of Pacific coast of North and South America
genus Lastreopsis: tropical terrestrial shield ferns
genus Lathyrus: genus of climbing herbs of Old World and temperate North and South America: vetchling; wild pea
genus Laurus: small evergreen trees or shrubs with aromatic leaves
genus Lavandula: lavender
genus Lavatera: widespread genus of herbs or softwood arborescent shrubs cultivated for their showy flowers
genus Layia: genus of western United States annuals with showy yellow or white flowers
genus Lecanopteris: epiphytic ferns of southeastern Asia to New Guinea
genus Lecanora: type genus of Lecanoraceae; crustaceous lichens
genus Leccinum: a genus of fungi belonging to the family Boletaceae
genus Ledum: evergreen shrubs of north temperate regions
genus Leiophyllum: one species: sand myrtle
genus Leitneria: one species: corkwood
genus Lemaireocereus: tropical American cacti usually tall and branching with stout spines and funnel-shaped flowers and globular or ovoid often edible fruit
genus Lemna: minute aquatic herbs floating on or below the water surface of still water consisting of a leaflike frond or plant body and single root
genus Lens: genus of small erect or climbing herbs with pinnate leaves and small inconspicuous white flowers and small flattened pods: lentils
genus Lentinus: a genus of fungus belonging to the family Tricholomataceae
genus Leonotis: small genus of tropical herbs and subshrubs of South Africa
genus Leontodon: hawkbit
genus Leontopodium: edelweiss
genus Leonurus: genus of stout Old World herbs having flowers in whorls
genus Lepechinia: a dicotyledonous genus of the family Labiatae
genus Lepidium: cosmopolitan genus of annual and biennial and perennial herbs: cress
genus Lepidobotrys: a genus of dicotyledonous trees belonging to the family Lepidobotryaceae
genus Lepidothamnus: small usually shrubby conifers
genus Lepiota: agarics with white spores that includes several edible and poisonous mushrooms: parasol mushrooms
genus Leptarrhena: one species: leatherleaf saxifrage
genus Leptopteris: including some ferns sometimes placed in genus Todea
genus Lespedeza: genus of shrubs or herbs of tropical Asia and Australia and the eastern United States
genus Lesquerella: genus of low-growing hairy herbs: bladderpods
genus Leucadendron: large genus of evergreen trees and shrubs having silvery white leaves and solitary terminal flowers with conspicuous silvery bracts
genus Leucaena: small genus of tropical evergreen trees or shrubs having pods like those of the acacia
genus Leucanthemum: comprises plants often included in the genus Chrysanthemum
genus Leucogenes: New Zealand edelweiss
genus Leucothoe: American and Asiatic deciduous and evergreen shrubs
genus Levisticum: genus of aromatic European herbs with yellow flowers
genus Lewisia: genus of western North American low-growing herbs having linear woolly leaves and large pink flowers
genus Leycesteria: small species of shrubs of western Himalayas to China
genus Leymus: genus that in some classifications overlaps the genus Elymus
genus Liatris: genus of perennial North American herbs with aromatic usually cormous roots
genus Libocedrus: cypresses that resemble cedars
genus Ligularia: genus of Old World herbs resembling groundsel: leopard plants
genus Ligustrum: genus of Old World shrubs: privet
genus Lilium: type genus of Liliaceae
genus Limnobium: American frogbit
genus Limonium: sea lavender
genus Linanthus: a genus of herbs of the family Polemoniaceae; found in western United States
genus Linaria: genus of herbs and subshrubs having showy flowers: spurred snapdragon
genus Lindera: aromatic evergreen or deciduous dioecious shrubs or trees of eastern Asia and North America
genus Lindheimera: one species: Texas star
genus Linnaea: one species: twinflower
genus Linum: a herbaceous plant genus of the family Linaceae with small sessile leaves
genus Liparis: genus of terrestrial and epiphytic orchids; pantropical to temperate
genus Liquidambar: sweet gum
genus Liriodendron: tulip trees
genus Liriope: sometimes placed in family Convallariaceae: lilyturf
genus Listera: genus of terrestrial orchids having usually a single pair of broad shining leaves near the middle of the stem; found in temperate Asia and North America and Europe
genus Litchi: Chinese trees
genus Lithocarpus: tanbark oaks
genus Lithophragma: small genus of perennial herbs of the western North America
genus Lithops: genus of stemless South African succulents
genus Lithospermum: annual or perennial herbaceous or shrubby plants; cosmopolitan except Australia
genus Livistona: fan palms of Asia and Australia and Malaysia
genus Loasa: genus of tropical American prickly herbs or subshrubs
genus Lobelia: in some classifications considered the type genus of a separate family Lobeliaceae
genus Lobularia: sweet alyssum
genus Logania: type genus of the Loganiaceae; Australian and New Zealand shrubs sometimes cultivated for their flowers
genus Loiseleuria: one species: alpine azalea
genus Lolium: darnel; ryegrass
genus Lomatia: small genus of low-growing evergreens of Chile and Australia; some yield dyes
genus Lomogramma: large scandent ferns of southeastern Asia
genus Lonas: one species: yellow ageratum
genus Lonchocarpus: genus of chiefly tropical American shrubs and trees having pinnate leaves and red or white flowers
genus Lonicera: woodbine
genus Lophophora: two species of small cacti of northeastern Mexico and southwestern United States having rounded stems covered with jointed tubercles: mescal
genus Lophosoria: one species: tree fern of Central and South America
genus Loranthus: type genus of the Loranthaceae: 1 species
genus Lotus: annual or perennial herbs or subshrubs
genus Lovoa: genus of African timber trees
genus Loxoma: one species of terrestrial ferns of New Zealand
genus Luffa: dishcloth gourds
genus Lunaria: small genus of European herbs: honesty
genus Lupinus: herbs or shrubs: lupin
genus Lychnis: genus of plants strongly resembling those of genus Silene: catchfly
genus Lycium: deciduous and evergreen shrubs often spiny; cosmopolitan in temperate and subtropical regions
genus Lycoperdon: genus of fungi whose fruiting body tapers toward a base consisting of spongy mycelium
genus Lycopersicum: tomatoes
genus Lycopodium: type and sole genus of the Lycopodiaceae; erect or creeping evergreen plants often used for Christmas decorations
genus Lycopus: small genus of herbs of the mint family
genus Lyginopteris: genus of fossil seed ferns of the Carboniferous
genus Lygodium: chiefly tropical climbing ferns
genus Lyonia: evergreen or deciduous shrubs or small trees of United States to Antilles and eastern Asia to the Himalaya
genus Lysichitum: skunk cabbage
genus Lysiloma: small genus of tropical American trees and shrubs with pinnate leaves and flat straight pods
genus Lysimachia: loosestrife: a cosmopolitan genus found in damp or swampy terrain having usually yellow flowers; inclined to be invasive
genus Lythrum: loosestrife
genus Macadamia: trees or shrubs; Madagascar to Australia
genus Machaeranthera: wildflowers of western North America