Nouns denoting plants

aalii: a small Hawaiian tree with hard dark wood
abelia: any of various deciduous or evergreen ornamental shrubs of the genus Abelia having opposite simple leaves and cymes of small white or pink or purplish flowers; Asia and Mexico
Abelmoschus esculentus: tall coarse annual of Old World tropics widely cultivated in southern United States and West Indies for its long mucilaginous green pods used as basis for soups and stews; sometimes placed in genus Hibiscus
Abelmoschus moschatus: bushy herb of tropical Asia grown for its yellow or pink to scarlet blooms that resemble the hibiscus
Abies bracteata: a pyramidal fir of southwestern California having spiny pointed leaves and cone scales with long spines
Abies fraseri: small fast-growing but short-lived fir of southern Alleghenies similar to balsam fir but with very short leaves
Abies grandis: lofty fir of the Pacific coast of northwestern America having long curving branches and deep green leaves
Abies lasiocarpa: medium-tall timber tree of the Rocky Mountains having a narrowly conic to columnar crown
Abronia elliptica: plant having heads of fragrant white trumpet-shaped flowers; grows in sandy arid regions
Abronia fragrans: taller than Abronia elliptica and having night-blooming flowers
Abronia latifolia: plant having hemispherical heads of yellow trumpet-shaped flowers; found in coastal dunes from California to British Columbia
Abronia maritima: plant having hemispherical heads of wine-red flowers; found in coastal dunes from California to Mexico
Abronia umbellata: prostrate herb having heads of deep pink to white flowers; found in coastal dunes from British Columbia to Baja California
Abronia villosa: soft-haired sticky plant with heads of bright pink trumpet-shaped flowers; found in sandy desert soil; after ample rains may carpet miles of desert with pink from the southwestern United States to northern Mexico
abruptly-pinnate leaf: a pinnate leaf with a pair of leaflets at the apex
Abutilon theophrasti: tall annual herb or subshrub of tropical Asia having velvety leaves and yellow flowers and yielding a strong fiber; naturalized in southeastern Europe and United States
acacia: any of various spiny trees or shrubs of the genus Acacia
Acacia auriculiformis: Australian tree that yields tanning materials
Acacia cambegei: scrubby Australian acacia having extremely foul-smelling blossoms
Acacia dealbata: evergreen Australasian tree having white or silvery bark and young leaves and yellow flowers
Acacia farnesiana: tropical American thorny shrub or small tree; fragrant yellow flowers used in making perfumery
Acacia melanoxylon: tall Australian acacia yielding highly valued black timber
Acacia pycnantha: shrubby Australian tree having clusters of fragrant golden yellow flowers; widely cultivated as an ornamental
Acacia xanthophloea: African tree supposed to mark healthful regions
Acalypha virginica: weedy herb of eastern North America
Acanthocereus tetragonus: cactus of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico having edible juicy fruit
acanthus: any plant of the genus Acanthus having large spiny leaves and spikes or white or purplish flowers; native to Mediterranean region but widely cultivated
Acanthus mollis: widely cultivated southern European acanthus with whitish purple-veined flowers
accessory fruit: fruit containing much fleshy tissue besides that of the ripened ovary; as apple or strawberry
acellular slime mold: a slime mold of the class Myxomycetes
Acer argutum: small shrubby Japanese plant with leaves having 5 to 7 acuminate lobes; yellow in autumn
Acer campestre: shrubby Eurasian maple often used as a hedge
Acer circinatum: small maple of northwestern North America having prostrate stems that root freely and form dense thickets
Acer macrophyllum: maple of western North America having large 5-lobed leaves orange in autumn
Acer negundo: common shade tree of eastern and central United States
Acer negundo Californicum: maple of the Pacific coast of the United States; fruits are white when mature
Acer pennsylvanicum: maple of eastern North America with striped bark and large two-lobed leaves clear yellow in autumn
Acer platanoides: a large Eurasian maple tree naturalized in North America; five-lobed leaves yellow in autumn; cultivated in many varieties
Acer pseudoplatanus: Eurasian maple tree with pale grey bark that peels in flakes like that of a sycamore tree; leaves with five ovate lobes yellow in autumn
Acer rubrum: maple of eastern and central America; five-lobed leaves turn scarlet and yellow in autumn
Acer saccharinum: a common North American maple tree; five-lobed leaves are light green above and silvery white beneath; source of hard close-grained but brittle light-brown wood
Acer saccharum: maple of eastern and central North America having three-lobed to five-lobed leaves and hard close-grained wood much used for cabinet work especially the curly-grained form; sap is chief source of maple syrup and maple sugar; many subspecies
Acer spicatum: small shrubby maple of eastern North America; scarlet in autumn
acerate leaf: the leaf of a conifer
acervulus: small asexual fruiting body resembling a cushion or blister consisting of a mat of hyphae that is produced on a host by some fungi
achene: small dry indehiscent fruit with the seed distinct from the fruit wall
achillea: any of several plants of the genus Achillea native to Europe and having small white flowers in flat-topped flower heads
Achillea millefolium: ubiquitous strong-scented mat-forming Eurasian herb of wasteland, hedgerow or pasture having narrow serrate leaves and small usually white florets; widely naturalized in North America
Achillea ptarmica: Eurasian herb having loose heads of button-shaped white flowers and long grey-green leaves that cause sneezing when powdered
achimenes: any plant of the genus Achimenes having showy bell-shaped flowers that resemble gloxinias
acinus: one of the small drupes making up an aggregate or multiple fruit like a blackberry
Acocanthera oblongifolia: medium-sized shrubby tree of South Africa having thick leathery evergreen leaves and white or pink flowers and globose usually two-seeded purplish black fruits
Acocanthera oppositifolia: evergreen shrub or tree of South Africa
aconite: any of various usually poisonous plants of the genus Aconitum having tuberous roots and palmately lobed leaves and blue or white flowers
Aconitum lycoctonum: poisonous Eurasian perennial herb with broad rounded leaves and yellow flowers and fibrous rootstock
Aconitum napellus: a poisonous herb native to northern Europe having hooded blue-purple flowers; the dried leaves and roots yield aconite
acorn: fruit of the oak tree: a smooth thin-walled nut in a woody cup-shaped base
acorn cup: cup-shaped structure of hardened bracts at the base of an acorn
acorn squash: squash plant bearing small acorn-shaped fruits having yellow flesh and dark green or yellow rind with longitudinal ridges
Acorus calamus: perennial marsh plant having swordlike leaves and aromatic roots
acrocarp: a moss in which the main axis is terminated by the archegonium (and hence the capsule)
Acrocarpus fraxinifolius: East Indian timber tree with hard durable wood used especially for tea boxes
Acroclinium roseum: flower of southwestern Australia having bright pink daisylike papery flowers; grown for drying
Acrocomia aculeata: tropical American feather palm having a swollen spiny trunk and edible nuts
Acrocomia vinifera: tropical American palm having edible nuts and yielding a useful fiber
acrogen: any flowerless plant such as a fern (pteridophyte) or moss (bryophyte) in which growth occurs only at the tip of the main stem
Acrostichum aureum: stout tropical swamp fern (especially tropical America) having large fronds with golden yellow sporangia covering the undersides
Actaea alba: North American herb with white poisonous berries
Actaea rubra: North American perennial herb with alternately compound leaves and racemes of small white flowers followed by bright red oval poisonous berries
Actinidia arguta: climbing Asiatic vine having long finely serrate leaves and racemes of white flowers followed by greenish-yellow edible fruit
Actinidia deliciosa: climbing vine native to China; cultivated in New Zealand for its fuzzy edible fruit with green meat
Actinidia polygama: ornamental vine of eastern Asia having yellow edible fruit and leaves with silver-white markings
Actinomeris alternifolia: perennial herb with showy yellow flowers; the eastern United States
aculeus: a stiff sharp-pointed plant process
acumen: a tapering point
acuminate leaf: a leaf narrowing to a slender point
Adam's needle-and-thread: yucca with long stiff leaves having filamentlike appendages
Adansonia digitata: African tree having an exceedingly thick trunk and fruit that resembles a gourd and has an edible pulp called monkey bread
Adansonia gregorii: Australian tree having an agreeably acid fruit that resembles a gourd
adder's tongue: ferns with fertile spikes shaped like a snake's tongue
Adenanthera pavonina: East Indian tree with racemes of yellow-white flowers; cultivated as an ornamental
Adenium multiflorum: South African shrub having a swollen succulent stem and bearing showy pink and white flowers after the leaves fall; popular as an ornamental in tropics
Adiantum capillus-veneris: delicate maidenhair fern with slender shining black leaf stalks; cosmopolitan
Adiantum tenerum: tropical American fern with broad pinnae; widely cultivated
Adiantum tenerum farleyense: named for a country house in Barbados where it was discovered
Adlumia fungosa: vine with feathery leaves and white or pinkish flowers; sometimes placed in genus Fumaria
Adonis annua: Eurasian herb cultivated for its deep red flowers with dark centers
adventitious root: root growing in an unusual location e.g. from a stem
aeciospore: spore of a rust fungus formed in an aecium
aecium: fruiting body of some rust fungi bearing chains of aeciospores
Aegiceras majus: an Australian tree resembling the black mangrove of the West Indies and Florida
Aegilops triuncalis: European grass naturalized as a weed in North America; sharp-pointed seeds cause injury when eaten by livestock
Aeonium haworthii: perennial subshrub of Tenerife having leaves in rosettes resembling pinwheels
aerides: any orchid of the genus Aerides
aerophyte: plant that derives moisture and nutrients from the air and rain; usually grows on another plant but not parasitic on it
aeschynanthus: a plant of the genus Aeschynanthus having somewhat red or orange flowers and seeds having distinctive hairs at base and apex
Aeschynanthus radicans: epiphyte or creeping on rocks; Malaysian plant having somewhat fleshy leaves and bright red flowers
Aesculus hippocastanum: tree having palmate leaves and large clusters of white to red flowers followed by brown shiny inedible seeds
Aethusa cynapium: European weed naturalized in America that resembles parsley but causes nausea and poisoning when eaten
Aframomum melegueta: West African plant bearing pungent peppery seeds
African bowstring hemp: bowstring hemp of South Africa
African daisy: shrub of southwestern Mediterranean region having yellow daisylike flowers
African daisy: African or Asiatic herbs with daisylike flowers
African daisy: any of several plants of the genus Arctotis having daisylike flowers
African mahogany: African tree having hard heavy odorless wood
African marigold: a stout branching annual with large yellow to orange flower heads; Mexico and Central America
African sandalwood: small shrubby African tree with hard wood used as a dyewood yielding a red dye
Afrocarpus falcata: medium-sized tree of South Africa
agamete: an asexual reproductive cell
Agapanthus africanus: African plant with bright green evergreen leaves and umbels of many usually deep violet-blue flowers
agaric: a saprophytic fungus of the order Agaricales having an umbrellalike cap with gills on the underside
Agaricus arvensis: coarse edible mushroom with a hollow stem and a broad white cap
Agaricus campestris: common edible mushroom found naturally in moist open soil; the cultivated mushroom of commerce
Agastache foeniculum: much-branched North American herb with an odor like fennel
Agastache mexicana: erect perennial of Mexico having rose to crimson flowers
Agastache nepetoides: erect perennial with stout stems and yellow-green flowers; southern Canada and southeastern United States
Agathis australis: tall timber tree of New Zealand having white straight-grained wood
Agathis dammara: native to the Moluccas and Philippines; a source of dammar resin
Agathis lanceolata: New Zealand tree with glossy leaves and scaly reddish-brown bark
Agathis robusta: Australian timber tree resembling the kauri but having wood much lighter in weight and softer
Agave americana: widely cultivated American monocarpic plant with greenish-white flowers on a tall stalk; blooms only after ten to twenty years and then dies
Agave atrovirens: Mexican plant used especially for making pulque which is the source of the colorless Mexican liquor, mescal
Agave cantala: Philippine plant yielding a hard fibre used in making coarse twine
Agave sisalana: Mexican or West Indian plant with large fleshy leaves yielding a stiff fiber used in e.g. rope
Agave tequilana: Mexican plant used especially for making tequila
Ageratina altissima: American herb having flat-topped clusters of small white flower heads; reputedly a cause of trembles and milk sickness; sometimes placed in genus Eupatorium
ageratum: any plant of the genus Ageratum having opposite leaves and small heads of blue or white flowers
Ageratum houstonianum: small tender herb grown for its fluffy brushlike blue to lavender blooms
aggregate fruit: fruit consisting of many individual small fruits or drupes derived from separate ovaries within a common receptacle: e.g. blackberry; raspberry; pineapple
Aglaomorpha meyeniana: epiphytic fern with large fronds; Taiwan and Philippines
Aglaonema modestum: erect or partially climbing herb having large green or variegated leaves
Agrimonia eupatoria: erect perennial Old World herb of dry grassy habitats
Agrimonia procera: fragrant European perennial herb found at woodland margins on moist soils
agrimonia: a plant of the genus Agrimonia having spikelike clusters of small yellow flowers
Agropyron cristatum: Eurasian grass grown in United States great plains area for forage and erosion control
Agropyron intermedium: Asiatic grass introduced into United States rangelands for pasture and fodder
Agropyron repens: European grass spreading rapidly by creeping rhizomes; naturalized in North America as a weed
Agropyron smithii: valuable forage grass of western United States
Agropyron subsecundum: a wheatgrass with straight terminal awns on the flowering glumes
Agropyron trachycaulum: North American grass cultivated in western United States as excellent forage crop
Agrostemma githago: European annual having large trumpet-shaped reddish-purple flowers and poisonous seed; a common weed in grainfields and beside roadways; naturalized in America
Agrostis nebulosa: Spanish grass with light feathery panicles grown for dried bouquets
Agrostis palustris: common pasture or lawn grass spread by long runners
ailanthus: any of several deciduous Asian trees of the genus Ailanthus
Ailanthus altissima: deciduous rapidly growing tree of China with foliage like sumac and sweetish fetid flowers; widely planted in United States as a street tree because of its resistance to pollution
Ajuga chamaepitys: low-growing annual with yellow flowers dotted red; faintly aromatic of pine resin; Europe, British Isles and North Africa
Ajuga genevensis: upright rhizomatous perennial with bright blue flowers; southern Europe
Ajuga pyramidalis: European evergreen carpeting perennial
Ajuga reptans: low rhizomatous European carpeting plant having spikes of blue flowers; naturalized in parts of United States
Albatrellus dispansus: a rare fungus having a large (up to 14 inches wide) yellow fruiting body with multiple individual caps and a broad central stalk and a fragrant odor
Albatrellus ovinus: a fungus with a whitish often circular cap and a white pore surface and small pores and a white central stalk; found under conifers; edible but not popular
Albizia saman: large ornamental tropical American tree with bipinnate leaves and globose clusters of flowers with crimson stamens and seed pods that are eaten by cattle
albizia: any of numerous trees of the genus Albizia
Albizzia julibrissin: attractive domed or flat-topped Asiatic tree having bipinnate leaves and flowers with long silky stamens
Albizzia lebbeck: large spreading Old World tree having large leaves and globose clusters of greenish-yellow flowers and long seed pods that clatter in the wind
albuca: any of various plants of the genus Albuca having large clusters of pale yellow flowers; South Africa
alder: wood of any of various alder trees; resistant to underwater rot; used for bridges etc
alder: north temperate shrubs or trees having toothed leaves and conelike fruit; bark is used in tanning and dyeing and the wood is rot-resistant
Aldrovanda vesiculosa: floating aquatic carnivorous perennial of central and southern Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia having whorls of 6 to 9 leaves ending in hinged lobes for capturing e.g. water fleas
Aletris aurea: colicroot with yellow-bracted racemose flowers; smaller than Aletris farinosa; southeastern United States
Aletris farinosa: colicroot having a scurfy or granuliferous perianth and white flowers; southeastern United States
Aleuria aurantia: a discomycete with bright orange cup-shaped or saucer-shaped fruiting bodies and pale orange exteriors
Aleurites fordii: Chinese tree bearing seeds that yield tung oil
Aleurites moluccana: large tree native to southeastern Asia; the nuts yield oil used in varnishes; nut kernels strung together are used locally as candles
algarobilla: mesquite pod used in tanning and dyeing
algarroba: long pod containing small beans and sweetish edible pulp; used as animal feed and source of a chocolate substitute
Alisma plantago-aquatica: marsh plant having clusters of small white or pinkish flowers and broad pointed or rounded leaves
allamanda: a plant of the genus Allamanda having large showy funnel-shaped flowers in terminal cymes
Allamanda cathartica: vigorous evergreen climbing plant of South America having glossy leathery foliage and golden yellow flowers
Allegheny chinkapin: shrubby chestnut tree of southeastern United States having small edible nuts
Allegheny mountain spurge: low semi-evergreen perennial herb having small spikes of white or pinkish flowers; native to southern United States but grown elsewhere
alliaceous plant: bulbous plants having a characteristic pungent onion odor
Alliaria officinalis: European herb that smells like garlic
Allionia incarnata: trailing plant having crowded clusters of 3 brilliant deep pink flowers resembling a single flower blooming near the ground; found in dry gravelly or sandy soil; southwestern United States and Mexico
Allium acuminatum: a common North American wild onion with a strong onion odor and an umbel of pink flowers atop a leafless stalk; British Columbia to California and Arizona and east to Wyoming and Colorado
Allium ampeloprasum: coarse Old World perennial having a large bulb and tall stalk of greenish purple-tinged flowers; widely naturalized
Allium canadense: North American bulbous plant
Allium carinatum: Eurasian bulbous plant
Allium cepa: bulbous plant having hollow leaves cultivated worldwide for its rounded edible bulb
Allium cepa aggregatum: type of onion plant producing small clustered mild-flavored bulbs used as seasoning
Allium cepa viviparum: type of perennial onion grown chiefly as a curiosity or for early salad onions; having bulbils that replace the flowers
Allium cernuum: widely distributed North American wild onion with white to rose flowers
Allium fistulosum: Asiatic onion with slender bulbs; used as early green onions
Allium haematochiton: onion with white to deep red tunic; California
Allium neopolitanum: European onion with white flowers
Allium paradoxum: leek producing bulbils instead of flowers; Russia and Iran
Allium porrum: plant having a large slender white bulb and flat overlapping dark green leaves; used in cooking; believed derived from the wild Allium ampeloprasum
Allium sativum: bulbous herb of southern Europe widely naturalized; bulb breaks up into separate strong-flavored cloves
Allium schoenoprasum: perennial having hollow cylindrical leaves used for seasoning
Allium scorodoprasum: European leek cultivated and used like leeks
Allium sphaerocephalum: Old World leek with a spherical bulb
Allium tricoccum: North American perennial having a slender bulb and whitish flowers
Allium triquetrum: European leek naturalized in Great Britain; leaves are triangular
Allium tuberosum: a plant of eastern Asia; larger than Allium schoenoprasum
Allium ursinum: pungent Old World weedy plant
Allium vineale: pungent Old World wild onion
allspice: deciduous shrubs having aromatic bark; eastern China; southwestern and eastern United States
almond oil: pale yellow fatty oil expressed from sweet or bitter almonds
almond tree: any of several small bushy trees having pink or white blossoms and usually bearing nuts
Alnus incana: native to Europe but introduced in America
Alnus maritima: shrub or small tree of southeastern United States having soft light brown wood
Alnus rhombifolia: tree of western United States
Alnus rugosa: common shrub of Canada and northeastern United States having shoots scattered with rust-colored down
Alnus serrulata: common shrub of the eastern United States with smooth bark
Alnus veridis: shrub of mountainous areas of Europe
Alnus veridis crispa: North American shrub with light green leaves and winged nuts
Alocasia macrorrhiza: large evergreen with extremely large erect or spreading leaves; cultivated widely in tropics for its edible rhizome and shoots; used in wet warm regions as a stately ornamental
alocasia: any plant of the genus Alocasia having large showy basal leaves and boat-shaped spathe and reddish berries
aloe: succulent plants having rosettes of leaves usually with fiber like hemp and spikes of showy flowers; found chiefly in Africa
Aloe ferox: much-branched South African plant with reddish prickly succulent leaves
Aloe vera: very short-stemmed plant with thick leaves with soothing mucilaginous juice; leaves develop spiny margins with maturity; native to Mediterranean region; grown widely in tropics and as houseplants
Alopecurus pratensis: stout erect perennial grass of northern parts of Old World having silky flowering spikes; widely cultivated for pasture and hay; naturalized in North America
Alpine enchanter's nightshade: an Alpine variety of enchanter's nightshade
Alpine golden chain: an ornamental shrub or tree of the genus Laburnum
Alpinia galanga: southeastern Asian perennial with aromatic roots
Alpinia officinarum: Chinese perennial with pyramidal racemes of white flowers and pungent aromatic roots used medicinally and as flavoring
Alpinia purpurata: an ornamental ginger native to Pacific islands
Alpinia Zerumbet: cultivated for its shining oblong leaves and arching clusters of white flowers with pink shading and crinkled yellow lips with variegated magenta stripes
Alstonia scholaris: evergreen tree of eastern Asia and Philippines having large leathery leaves and small green-white flowers in compact cymes; bark formerly used medicinally
alstroemeria: any of various South American plants of the genus Alstroemeria valued for their handsome umbels of beautiful flowers
Alstroemeria pelegrina: an Andean herb having umbels of showy pinkish-purple lily-like flowers
Alternanthera philoxeroides: prolific South American aquatic weed having grasslike leaves and short spikes of white flowers; clogs waterways with dense floating masses
althaea: any of various plants of the genus Althaea; similar to but having smaller flowers than genus Alcea
Althea officinalis: European perennial plant naturalized in United States having triangular ovate leaves and lilac-pink flowers
Althea rosea: plant with terminal racemes of showy white to pink or purple flowers; the English cottage garden hollyhock
alumbloom: any of several herbs of the genus Heuchera
alyssum: any garden plant of the genus Alyssum having clusters of small yellow or white flowers
Amanita caesarea: widely distributed edible mushroom resembling the fly agaric
Amanita mappa: agaric often confused with the death cup
Amanita muscaria: poisonous (but rarely fatal) woodland fungus having a scarlet cap with white warts and white gills
Amanita phalloides: extremely poisonous usually white fungus with a prominent cup-shaped base; differs from edible Agaricus only in its white gills
Amanita rubescens: yellowish edible agaric that usually turns red when touched
Amanita verna: fungus similar to Amanita phalloides
amaranth: any of various plants of the genus Amaranthus having dense plumes of green or red flowers; often cultivated for food
amaranth: seed of amaranth plants used as a native cereal in Central and South America
Amaranthus caudatus: young leaves widely used as leaf vegetables; seeds used as cereal
Amaranthus graecizans: bushy plant of western United States
Amaranthus hybridus hypochondriacus: tall showy tropical American annual having hairy stems and long spikes of usually red flowers above leaves deeply flushed with purple; seeds often used as cereal
Amaranthus hypochondriacus: leaves sometimes used as potherbs; seeds used as cereal; southern United States to Central America; India and China
Amaranthus spinosus: erect annual of tropical central Asia and Africa having a pair of divergent spines at most leaf nodes
amaryllis: bulbous plant having showy white to reddish flowers
Amaryllis belladonna: amaryllis of South Africa often cultivated for its fragrant white or rose flowers
Ambrosia artemisiifolia: annual weed with finely divided foliage and spikes of green flowers; common in North America; introduced elsewhere accidentally
Ambrosia psilostachya: coarse perennial ragweed with creeping roots of dry barren lands of southwestern United States and Mexico
Ambrosia trifida: a coarse annual with some leaves deeply and palmately three-cleft or five-cleft
ambrosia: any of numerous chiefly North American weedy plants constituting the genus Ambrosia that produce highly allergenic pollen responsible for much hay fever and asthma
Amelanchier alnifolia: shrub or small tree of northwestern North America having fragrant creamy white flowers and small waxy purple-red fruits
Amelanchier bartramiana: open-growing shrub of eastern North America having pure white flowers and small waxy almost black fruits
ament: a cylindrical spikelike inflorescence
American aloe: tropical American plants with basal rosettes of fibrous sword-shaped leaves and flowers in tall spikes; some cultivated for ornament or for fiber
American angelica tree: small deciduous clump-forming tree or shrub of eastern United States
American arborvitae: small evergreen of eastern North America having tiny scalelike leaves on flattened branchlets
American basswood: large American shade tree with large dark green leaves and rounded crown
American bittersweet: twining shrub of North America having yellow capsules enclosing scarlet seeds
American crab apple: medium-sized tree of the eastern United States having pink blossoms and small yellow fruit
American cranberry bush: deciduous North American shrub or small tree having three-lobed leaves and red berries
American dewberry: North American dewberry
American dog violet: violet of eastern North America having pale violet to white flowers
American featherfoil: a featherfoil of the eastern United States with submerged spongy inflated flower stalks and white flowers
American fly honeysuckle: erect deciduous North American shrub with yellow-white flowers
American gentian: any of various tall perennial herbs constituting the genus Frasera; widely distributed in warm dry upland areas of California, Oregon, and Washington
American grey birch: medium-sized birch of eastern North America having white or pale grey bark and valueless wood; occurs often as a second-growth forest tree
American hellebore: North American plant having large leaves and yellowish green flowers growing in racemes; yields a toxic alkaloid used medicinally
American lotus: water lily of eastern North America having pale yellow blossoms and edible globular nutlike seeds
American maidenhair fern: hardy palmately branched North American fern with divergent recurved branches borne on lustrous dark reddish stipes
American mountain ash: a variety of mountain ash
American oil palm: palm of Central and South America
American pasqueflower: short hairy perennial with early spring blue-violet or lilac flowers; North America and Siberia
American quaking aspen: slender aspen native to North America
American red elder: common North American shrub or small tree
American red plum: wild plum trees of eastern and central North America having red-orange fruit with yellow flesh
American spicebush: deciduous shrub of the eastern United States having highly aromatic leaves and bark and yellow flowers followed by scarlet or yellow berries
American spikenard: unarmed woody rhizomatous perennial plant distinguished from wild sarsaparilla by more aromatic roots and panicled umbels; southeastern North America to Mexico
American star grass: perennial star grass of North America
American sweet chestnut: large tree found from Maine to Alabama
American turkey oak: small slow-growing deciduous shrubby tree of dry sandy barrens of southeastern United States having leaves with bristle-tipped lobes resembling turkey's toes
American watercress: of southwestern Europe; cultivated in Florida
American white birch: small American birch with peeling white bark often worked into e.g. baskets or toy canoes
American white oak: large slow-growing deciduous tree of the eastern United States having stout spreading branches and leaves with usually 7 rounded lobes; yields strong and durable hard wood
American white pine: tall-growing pine of eastern North America; bark is brown with longitudinal fissures when mature; valued as a timber tree
Amianthum muscaetoxicum: all parts of plant are highly toxic; bulb pounded and used as a fly poison; sometimes placed in subfamily Melanthiaceae
ammobium: any plant of the genus Ammobium having yellow flowers and silvery foliage
Ammobium alatum: Australian plant widely cultivated for its beautiful silvery-white blooms with bright yellow centers on long winged stems
amorpha: any plant of the genus Amorpha having odd-pinnate leaves and purplish spicate flowers
Amorpha californica: an erect to spreading hairy shrub of the Pacific coast of the United States having racemes of red to indigo flowers
Amorpha canescens: shrub of sandy woodlands and stream banks of western United States having hoary pinnate flowers and dull-colored racemose flowers; thought to indicate the presence of lead ore
Amorpha fruticosa: dense shrub of moist riverbanks and flood plains of the eastern United States having attractive fragrant foliage and dense racemes of dark purple flowers
amorphophallus: any plant of the genus Amorphophallus
Amorphophallus paeonifolius: putrid-smelling aroid of southeastern Asia (especially the Philippines) grown for its edible tuber
Amorphophallus rivieri: foul-smelling somewhat fleshy tropical plant of southeastern Asia cultivated for its edible corms or in the greenhouse for its large leaves and showy dark red spathe surrounding a large spadix
Amorphophallus titanum: malodorous tropical plant having a spathe that resembles the corolla of a morning glory and attains a diameter of several feet
Amphicarpaea bracteata: vine widely distributed in eastern North America producing racemes of purple to maroon flowers and abundant (usually subterranean) edible one-seeded pods resembling peanuts
amphitropous ovule: a partly inverted ovule turned back 90 degrees on its stalk
amplexicaul leaf: a leaf with its base clasping the stem
Amsinckia grandiflora: annual of the western United States having large coiled flower spikes; a threatened species
Amsinckia intermedia: annual of western United States with coiled spikes of yellow-orange coiled flowers
Amsonia tabernaemontana: subshrubs of southeastern United States forming slow-growing clumps and having blue flowers in short terminal cymes
Amygdalus communis: small bushy deciduous tree native to Asia and North Africa having pretty pink blossoms and highly prized edible nuts enclosed in a hard green hull; cultivated in southern Australia and California
Amygdalus communis amara: almond trees having white blossoms and poisonous nuts yielding an oil used for flavoring and for medicinal purposes
Anacardium occidentale: tropical American evergreen tree bearing kidney-shaped nuts that are edible only when roasted
Anacyclus pyrethrum: a small Mediterranean plant containing a volatile oil once used to relieve toothache
Anadenanthera colubrina: Brazilian shrub having twice-pinnate leaves and small spicate flowers followed by flat or irregularly torulose pods; sometimes placed in genus Piptadenia
Anagallis arvensis: herb with scarlet or white or purple blossoms that close at approach of rainy weather
Anagallis tenella: small creeping European herb having delicate pink flowers
Anagyris foetida: shrub with trifoliate leaves and yellow flowers followed by backward curving seed pods; leaves foetid when crushed
Ananas comosus: a tropical American plant bearing a large fleshy edible fruit with a terminal tuft of stiff leaves; widely cultivated in the tropics
Anaphalis margaritacea: an American everlasting having foliage with soft wooly hairs and corymbose heads with pearly white bracts
Anastatica hierochuntica: small grey Asiatic desert plant bearing minute white flowers that rolls up when dry and expands when moist
anatropous ovule: a completely inverted ovule turned back 180 degrees on its stalk
anchusa: any of various Old World herbs of the genus Anchusa having one-sided clusters of trumpet-shaped flowers
Anchusa capensis: anchusa of southern Africa having blue flowers with white throats
Anchusa officinalis: perennial or biennial herb cultivated for its delicate usually blue flowers
Anchusa riparia: anchusa of southern Africa having blue to red-purple flowers
Andaman redwood: mottled curly-grained wood of Pterocarpus indicus
andelmin: any of several tropical American trees of the genus Andira
Andira inermis: tree with shaggy unpleasant-smelling toxic bark and yielding strong durable wood; bark and seeds used as a purgative and vermifuge and narcotic
androecium: a male gametoecium
andromeda: any of several shrubs of the genus Andromeda having leathery leaves and clusters of small flowers
Andromeda glaucophylla: wiry evergreen shrub having pendent clusters of white or pink flowers; of wet acidic areas in Arctic and Canada to northeastern United States
Andromeda polifolia: erect to procumbent evergreen shrub having pendent clusters of white or pink flowers; of sphagnum peat bogs and other wet acidic areas in northern Europe
Andropogon gerardii: tall grass with smooth bluish leaf sheaths grown for hay in the United States
Andropogon virginicus: tall tufted grass of southeastern United States
andryala: any plant of the genus Andryala having milky sap and heads of bright yellow flowers
Anemia adiantifolia: fern of Florida and West Indies and Central America with rhizome densely clad in grown hairs
Anemone Canadensis: common summer-flowering woodland herb of Labrador to Colorado
Anemone cylindrica: a common North American anemone with cylindrical fruit clusters resembling thimbles
Anemone nemorosa: European anemone with solitary white flowers common in deciduous woodlands
Anemone quinquefolia: common anemone of eastern North America with solitary pink-tinged white flowers
Anemone riparia: thimbleweed of northern North America
Anemone sylvestris: Eurasian herb with solitary nodding fragrant white flowers
Anemone tetonensis: silky-foliaged herb of the Rocky Mountains with bluish-white flowers
anemone: any woodland plant of the genus Anemone grown for its beautiful flowers and whorls of dissected leaves
Anemonella thalictroides: woodland flower native to eastern North America having cup-shaped flowers reminiscent of anemone but more delicate
Anemopsis californica: stoloniferous herb of southwestern United States and Mexico having a pungent rootstock and small spicate flowers with white bracts suggesting an anemone
Anethum graveolens: aromatic Old World herb having aromatic threadlike foliage and seeds used as seasoning
Angelica Archangelica: a biennial cultivated herb; its stems are candied and eaten and its roots are used medicinally
Angelica sylvestris: European herb with compound leaves and white flowers; adventive on Cape Breton Island
angelica: any of various tall and stout herbs of the genus Angelica having pinnately compound leaves and small white or greenish flowers in compound umbels
angiocarp: tree bearing fruit enclosed in a shell or involucre or husk
Angiopteris evecta: highly variable species of very large primitive ferns of the Pacific tropical areas with high rainfall
angiosperm: plants having seeds in a closed ovary
angiospermous tree: any tree having seeds and ovules contained in the ovary
angiospermous yellowwood: any of various angiospermous trees having yellow wood
angostura: the bitter bark of a South American tree; used in medicines and liqueurs and bitters
angrecum: any of various spectacular orchids of the genus Angraecum having dark green leathery leaves and usually nocturnally scented white or ivory flowers
Anigozanthus manglesii: sedgelike spring-flowering herb having clustered flowers covered with woolly hairs; Australia
anise tree: any of several evergreen shrubs and small trees of the genus Illicium
Annona cherimola: small tropical American tree bearing round or oblong fruit
Annona diversifolia: tropical American tree grown in southern United States having a whitish pink-tinged fruit
Annona glabra: small evergreen tree of tropical America with edible fruit; used chiefly as grafting stock
Annona muricata: small tropical American tree bearing large succulent slightly acid fruit
Annona reticulata: small tropical American tree bearing a bristly heart-shaped acid tropical fruit
Annona squamosa: tropical American tree bearing sweet pulpy fruit with thick scaly rind and shiny black seeds
annual: (botany) a plant that completes its entire life cycle within the space of a year
annual salt-marsh aster: a variety of aster
annulus: (Fungi) a remnant of the partial veil that in mature mushrooms surrounds the stem like a collar
Annunciation lily: lily of eastern Mediterranean and the Balkans with broad funnel-shaped white flowers
Anogramma leptophylla: small short-lived fern of Central and South America
Antennaria dioica: low-growing perennial herb having leaves with whitish down and clusters of small white flowers
Antennaria plantaginifolia: North American perennial propagated by means of runners
Anthemis arvensis: European white-flowered weed naturalized in North America
Anthemis cotula: widespread rank-smelling weed having white-rayed flower heads with yellow discs
Anthemis tinctoria: Eurasian perennial herb with hairy divided leaves and yellow flowers; naturalized in North America
anther: the part of the stamen that contains pollen; usually borne on a stalk
Anthericum torreyi: plant having basal grasslike leaves and a narrow open cluster of starlike yellowish-orange flowers atop a leafless stalk; southwestern United States; only species of Anthericum growing in North America
antheridiophore: gametophore bearing antheridia as in certain mosses and liverworts
antheridium: the male sex organ of spore-producing plants; produces antherozoids; equivalent to the anther in flowers
antherozoid: a motile male gamete of a plant such as an alga or fern or gymnosperm
Anthriscus cereifolium: aromatic annual Old World herb cultivated for its finely divided and often curly leaves for use especially in soups and salads
Anthriscus sylvestris: coarse erect biennial Old World herb introduced as a weed in eastern North America
Anthurium scherzerianum: commonly cultivated anthurium having bright scarlet spathe and spadix
anthurium: any of various tropical American plants cultivated for their showy foliage and flowers
Anthyllis barba-jovis: silvery hairy European shrub with evergreen foliage and pale yellow flowers
Anthyllis vulneraria: perennial Eurasian herb having heads of red or yellow flowers and common in meadows and pastures; formerly used medicinally for kidney disorders
Antirrhinum coulterianum: California plant with slender racemes of white flowers
Antirrhinum filipes: southwestern United States plant with yellow flowers on stems that twist and twine through other vegetation
Apalachicola rosemary: small shrub of Apalachicola River area in southeastern United States having highly aromatic pinkish flowers; a threatened species
apetalous flower: flower having no petals
apical placentation: where one or few ovules develop at the top of a simple or compound ovary
Apios americana: a North American vine with fragrant blossoms and edible tubers; important food crop of Native Americans
Apium graveolens: herb of Europe and temperate Asia
Apium graveolens dulce: widely cultivated herb with aromatic leaf stalks that are eaten raw or cooked
Apium graveolens rapaceum: grown for its thickened edible aromatic root
Aplectrum hyemale: North American orchid bearing a single leaf and yellowish-brown flowers
Apocynum androsaemifolium: North American perennial having pinkish flowers in loose cymes; used in folk medicine for pain or inflammation in joints
Apocynum cannabinum: Canadian dogbane yielding a tough fiber used as cordage by Native Americans; used in folk medicine for pain or inflammation in joints
apomict: a plant that reproduces or is reproduced by apomixis
apophysis: (botany) a natural swelling or enlargement: at the base of the stalk or seta in certain mosses or on the cone scale of certain conifers
Aporocactus flagelliformis: commonly cultivated tropical American cactus having slender creeping stems and very large showy crimson flowers that bloom for several days
apothecium: a cuplike ascocarp in many lichens and ascomycetous fungi
apple nut: nutlike seed of a South American palm; the hard white shell takes a high polish and is used for e.g. buttons
apple tree: any tree of the genus Malus especially those bearing firm rounded edible fruits
applewood: wood of any of various apple trees of the genus Malus
apricot: Asian tree having clusters of usually white blossoms and edible fruit resembling the peach
aquatic: a plant that lives in or on water
aquatic fern: ferns that grow in water
aquatic plant: a plant that grows partly or wholly in water whether rooted in the mud, as a lotus, or floating without anchorage, as the water hyacinth
aquilege: a plant of the genus Aquilegia having irregular showy spurred flowers; north temperate regions especially mountains
Aquilegia canadensis: columbine of eastern North America having long-spurred red flowers
Aquilegia scopulorum calcarea: columbine of the Rocky Mountains having long-spurred blue flowers
Aquilegia vulgaris: common European columbine having variously colored (white or blue to purple or red) short-spurred flowers; naturalized in United States
Arabidopsis lyrata: a small noninvasive cross-pollinating plant with white flowers; closely related to Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thaliana: a small invasive self-pollinating weed with small white flowers; much studied by plant geneticists; the first higher plant whose complete genome sequence was described
Arabis Canadensis: North American rock cress having very long curved pods
Arabis turrita: European cress having stiff erect stems; sometimes placed in genus Turritis
Arachis hypogaea: widely cultivated American plant cultivated in tropical and warm regions; showy yellow flowers on stalks that bend over to the soil so that seed pods ripen underground
aralia: any of various plants of the genus Aralia; often aromatic plants having compound leaves and small umbellate flowers
Aralia hispida: bristly herb of eastern and central North America having black fruit and medicinal bark
Aralia nudicaulis: common perennial herb having aromatic roots used as a substitute for sarsaparilla; central and eastern North America
araucaria: any of several tall South American or Australian trees with large cones and edible seeds
Araucaria araucana: large Chilean evergreen conifer having intertwined branches and bearing edible nuts
Araucaria bidwillii: Australian conifer bearing two-inch seeds tasting like roasted chestnuts; among the aborigines the tree is hereditary property protected by law
Araucaria columnaris: very tall evergreen of New Caledonia and the New Hebrides similar to norfolk island pine
Araucaria cunninghamii: pine of Australia and New Guinea; yields a valuable light even-textured wood
Araucaria heterophylla: evergreen of Australia and Norfolk Island in the South Pacific
Araujia sericofera: robust twining shrub having racemes of fragrant white or pink flowers with flat spreading terminal petals that trap nocturnal moths and hold them until dawn
arbor: tree (as opposed to shrub)
arborescent plant: having the shape or characteristics of a tree
arborvitae: any of several Asian and North American conifers of the genera Thuja and Thujopsis
arbutus: any of several evergreen shrubs of the genus Arbutus of temperate Europe and America
Arbutus menziesii: evergreen tree of the Pacific coast of North America having glossy leathery leaves and orange-red edible berries; wood used for furniture and bark for tanning
Arceuthobium pusillum: small herb with scalelike leaves on reddish-brown stems and berrylike fruits; parasitic on spruce and larch trees
archegonium: a female sex organ occurring in mosses, ferns, and most gymnosperms
archespore: primitive cell or group of cells from which a mother cell develops
archil: any of various lecanoras that yield the dye archil
Arctium lappa: burdock having heart-shaped leaves found in open woodland, hedgerows and rough grassland of Europe (except extreme N) and Asia Minor; sometimes cultivated for medicinal and culinary use
Arctium minus: a plant that is ubiquitous in all but very acid soil; found in most of Europe and North Africa
Arctostaphylos alpina: deciduous creeping shrub bright red in autumn having black or blue-black berries; alpine and circumpolar
Arctostaphylos andersonii: erect California shrub having leaves with heart-shaped lobes at the base
Arctostaphylos manzanita: erect treelike shrub forming dense thickets and having drooping panicles of white or pink flowers and red berrylike drupes; California
Arctostaphylos tomentosa: erect openly branched California shrub whose twigs are woolly when young
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi: evergreen mat-forming shrub of North America and northern Eurasia having small white flowers and red berries; leaves turn red in autumn
Arctotis stoechadifolia: bushy perennial of South Africa with white or violet flowers; in its native region often clothes entire valley sides in a sheet of color
Ardisia crenata: shrub with coral-red berries; Japan to northern India
Ardisia escallonoides: tropical American shrub or small tree with brown wood and dark berries
areca: any of several tall tropical palms native to southeastern Asia having egg-shaped nuts
Areca catechu: southeastern Asian palm bearing betel nuts (scarlet or orange single-seeded fruit with a fibrous husk)
Arenaria caroliniana: deep-rooted perennial of southeastern United States
Arenaria groenlandica: boreal or alpine sandwort
Arenaria peploides: perennial succulent herb with small solitary axillary or terminal flowers
Arenaria serpyllifolia: Eurasian annual sprawling plant naturalized throughout North America
Arenaria stricta: low perennial tufted plant of southeastern North America
Arenga pinnata: Malaysian feather palm with base densely clothed with fibers; yields a sweet sap used in wine and trunk pith yields sago
arethusa: any of several bog orchids of the genus Arethusa having 1 or 2 showy flowers
Arethusa bulbosa: a bog orchid with usually a solitary fragrant magenta pink blossom with a wide gaping corolla; Canada
Argemone mexicana: annual herb with prickly stems and large yellow flowers; southern United States to West Indies and Mexico
argemone: any plant of the genus Argemone having large white or yellow flowers and prickly leaves and stems and pods; chiefly of tropical America
Argyroxiphium sandwicense: low-growing plant found only in volcanic craters on Hawaii having rosettes of narrow pointed silver-green leaves and clusters of profuse red-purple flowers on a tall stem
aril: fleshy and usually brightly colored cover of some seeds that develops from the ovule stalk and partially or entirely envelops the seed
Ariocarpus fissuratus: usually unbranched usually spineless cactus covered with warty tubercles and having magenta flowers and white or green fruit; resembles the related mescal; northeastern Mexico and southwestern United States
Arisaema dracontium: early spring-flowering plant of eastern North America resembling the related jack-in-the-pulpit but having digitate leaves, slender greenish yellow spathe and elongated spadix
Arisaema triphyllum: common American spring-flowering woodland herb having sheathing leaves and an upright club-shaped spadix with overarching green and purple spathe producing scarlet berries
Arisarum vulgare: tuberous perennial having a cowl-shaped maroon or violet-black spathe; Mediterranean; Canaries; Azores
Aristolochia clematitis: creeping plant having curving flowers thought to resemble fetuses; native to Europe; naturalized Great Britain and eastern North America
Aristolochia macrophylla: hardy deciduous vine having large leaves and flowers with the calyx tube curved like the bowl of a pipe
Aristolochia serpentaria: birthwort of the eastern United States woodlands
Arizona wild cotton: shrub of southern Arizona and Mexico
Armeria maritima: tufted thrift of seacoasts and mountains of north temperate zone; occasionally grown as a ground cover
Armillaria caligata: fungus with a brown cap and white gills and a membranous ring halfway up the stalk
Armillaria ponderosa: a large white mushroom that develops brown stains as it ages; gills are white; odor is spicy and aromatic; collected commercially for oriental cooking the Pacific Northwest
Armillaria zelleri: a large fungus with viscid cap that dries and turns brown with age; gills are off-white
Armillariella mellea: a honey-colored edible mushroom commonly associated with the roots of trees in late summer and fall; do not eat raw
Armoracia rusticana: coarse Eurasian plant cultivated for its thick white pungent root
arnica: any of various rhizomatous usually perennial plants of the genus Arnica
arnica: used especially in treating bruises
Arnica cordifolia: wildflower with heart-shaped leaves and broad yellow flower heads; of alpine areas west of the Rockies from Alaska to southern California
Arnica montana: herb of pasture and open woodland throughout most of Europe and western Asia having orange-yellow daisylike flower heads that when dried are used as a stimulant and to treat bruises and swellings
Arnoseris minima: small European herb with small yellow flowers
aroid: any plant of the family Araceae; have small flowers massed on a spadix surrounded by a large spathe
aromatic aster: a variety of aster
Arrhenatherum elatius: coarse perennial Eurasian grass resembling oat; found on roadside verges and rough grassland and in hay meadows; introduced in North America for forage
arrow arum: an aquatic plant of the genus Peltandra; North America
arrow leaved aster: a variety of aster
Artemis pontica: European wormwood; minor source of absinthe
Artemis spinescens: a perennial that is valuable as sheep forage in the United States
artemisia: any of various composite shrubs or herbs of the genus Artemisia having aromatic green or greyish foliage
Artemisia abrotanum: shrubby European wormwood naturalized in North America; sometimes used in brewing beer
Artemisia absinthium: aromatic herb of temperate Eurasia and North Africa having a bitter taste used in making the liqueur absinthe
Artemisia annua: wormwood of southeastern Europe to Iran
Artemisia californica: low ashy-grey California shrub
Artemisia campestris: European wormwood similar to common wormwood in its properties
Artemisia dracunculus: aromatic perennial of southeastern Russia
Artemisia filifolia: silver-haired shrub of central and southern United States and Mexico; a troublesome weed on rangelands
Artemisia frigida: silky-leaved aromatic perennial of dry northern parts of the northern hemisphere; has tawny florets
Artemisia ludoviciana: perennial cottony-white herb of southwestern United States
Artemisia stelleriana: herb with greyish leaves found along the east coast of North America; used as an ornamental plant
Artemisia vulgaris: European tufted aromatic perennial herb having hairy red or purple stems and dark green leaves downy white below and red-brown florets
arthrospore: one of a string of thick walled vegetative resting cells formed by some algae and fungi
arthrospore: a body that resembles a spore but is not an endospore; produced by some bacteria
Artocarpus communis: native to Pacific islands and having edible fruit with a texture like bread
Artocarpus heterophyllus: East Indian tree cultivated for its immense edible fruit and seeds
Artocarpus odoratissima: Philippine tree similar to the breadfruit tree bearing edible fruit
arum: starch resembling sago that is obtained from cuckoopint root
Arum maculatum: common European arum with lanceolate spathe and short purple spadix; emerges in early spring; source of a starch called arum
Arum palaestinum: ornamental plant of Middle East cultivated for its dark purple spathe
Arundinaria gigantea: tall grass of southern United States growing in thickets
Arundinaria tecta: small cane of watery or moist areas in southern United States
Arundo donax: large rhizomatous perennial grasses found by riversides and in ditches having jointed stems and large grey-white feathery panicles
Asarum canadense: deciduous low-growing perennial of Canada and eastern and central United States
Asarum europaeum: thick creeping evergreen herb of western Europe
Asarum shuttleworthii: wild ginger having persistent heart-shaped pungent leaves; West Virginia to Alabama
Asarum virginicum: evergreen low-growing perennial having mottled green and silvery-grey heart-shaped pungent leaves; Virginia to South Carolina
asclepiad: any plant of the family Asclepiadaceae
Asclepias albicans: tall herb with leafless white waxy stems and whitish starlike flowers; southwestern United States
Asclepias curassavica: tropical herb having orange-red flowers followed by pods suggesting a swallow with outspread wings; a weed throughout the tropics
Asclepias exaltata: milkweed of the eastern United States with leaves resembling those of pokeweed
Asclepias incarnata: densely branching perennial of the eastern United States with white to crimson or purple flowers
Asclepias meadii: milkweed of central North America; a threatened species
Asclepias purpurascens: perennial of eastern North America having pink-purple flowers
Asclepias speciosa: milkweed of southern North America having large starry purple and pink flowers
Asclepias subverticillata: milkweed of southwestern United States and Mexico; poisonous to livestock
Asclepias tuberosa: erect perennial of eastern and southern United States having showy orange flowers
Asclepias verticillata: milkweed of the eastern United States with narrow leaves in whorls and greenish-white flowers
ascocarp: mature fruiting body of an ascomycetous fungus
ascolichen: a lichen in which the fungus component is an ascomycete
ascoma: an ascocarp having the spore-bearing layer of cells (the hymenium) on a broad disklike receptacle
ascomycete: any fungus of the class Ascomycetes (or subdivision Ascomycota) in which the spores are formed inside an ascus
ascospore: sexually produced fungal spore formed within an ascus
ascus: saclike structure in which ascospores are formed through sexual reproduction of ascomycetes
ash: strong elastic wood of any of various ash trees; used for furniture and tool handles and sporting goods such as baseball bats
ash: any of various deciduous pinnate-leaved ornamental or timber trees of the genus Fraxinus
ash-key: winged seed of the ash tree
Asimina triloba: small tree native to the eastern United States having oblong leaves and fleshy fruit
Aspalathus cedcarbergensis: South African shrub having flat acuminate leaves and yellow flowers; leaves are aromatic when dried and used to make an herbal tea
Asparagus asparagoides: fragile twining plant of South Africa with bright green flattened stems and glossy foliage popular as a floral decoration
Asparagus officinales: plant whose succulent young shoots are cooked and eaten as a vegetable
Asparagus setaceous: a fernlike plant native to South Africa
aspen: any of several trees of the genus Populus having leaves on flattened stalks so that they flutter in the lightest wind
Aspergillus fumigatus: a mold causing aspergillosis in birds and man
Asperula odorata: Old World fragrant stoloniferous perennial having small white flowers and narrow leaves used as flavoring and in sachets; widely cultivated as a ground cover; in some classifications placed in genus Asperula
Asperula tinctoria: creeping European perennial having red or pinkish-white flowers and red roots sometimes used as a substitute for madder in dyeing
asphodel: any of various chiefly Mediterranean plants of the genera Asphodeline and Asphodelus having linear leaves and racemes of white or pink or yellow flowers
Asphodeline lutea: asphodel with leafy stem and fragrant yellow flowers
Aspidistra elatio: evergreen perennial with large handsome basal leaves; grown primarily as a foliage houseplant
Asplenium adiantum-nigrum: spleenwort of Europe and Africa and Asia having pinnate fronds and yielding an astringent
Asplenium billotii: a spleenwort of western Europe
Asplenium montanum: a spleenwort of eastern North America
Asplenium nidus: tropical Old World or Australian epiphytic fern frequently forming tufts in tree crotches
Asplenium pinnatifidum: a spleenwort of eastern and southern United States
Asplenium platyneuron: common North American fern with polished black stripes
Asplenium ruta-muraria: small delicate spleenwort found on a steep slope (as a wall or cliff) of Eurasia and North America
Asplenium trichomanes: small rock-inhabiting fern of northern temperate zone and Hawaii with pinnate fronds
Asplenium viride: a small fern with slim green fronds; widely distributed in cool parts of northern hemisphere
aster: any of various chiefly fall-blooming herbs of the genus Aster with showy daisylike flowers
Aster acuminatus: North American perennial with apparently whorled leaves and showy white purple-tinged flowers
Aster arenosus: common North American perennial with heathlike foliage and small white flower heads
Aster cordifolius: perennial wood aster of eastern North America
Aster divaricatus: rhizomatous perennial wood aster of eastern North America with white flowers
Aster dumosus: stiff perennial of the eastern United States having small linear leaves and numerous tiny white flower heads
Aster ericoides: common much-branched North American perennial with heathlike foliage and small starry white flowers
Aster falcatus: perennial of western North America having white flowers
Aster linarifolius: wiry tufted perennial of the eastern United States with stiff erect rough stems, linear leaves and large violet flowers
Aster macrophyllus: tufted perennial wood aster of North America; naturalized in Europe
Aster novae-angliae: common perennial of eastern North America having showy purplish flowers; a parent of the Michaelmas daisy
Aster novi-belgii: North American perennial herb having small autumn-blooming purple or pink or white flowers; widely naturalized in Europe
Aster ptarmicoides: tufted rigid North American perennial with loose clusters of white flowers
Aster tripolium: a common European aster that grows in salt marshes
Aster turbinellis: violet-flowered perennial aster of central United States having solitary heads
asterid dicot family: family of more or less advanced dicotyledonous herbs and some trees and shrubs
asterid dicot genus: genus of more or less advanced dicotyledonous herbs and some trees and shrubs
astilbe: any plant of the genus Astilbe having compound leaves and showy panicles of tiny colorful flowers
Astilbe biternata: North American astilbe with panicles of creamy white flowers
Astilbe chinensis pumila: mat-forming evergreen Asiatic plant with finely cut leaves and small pink to burgundy flowers; grown as ground cover
Astilbe japonica: a Japanese shrub that resembles members of the genus Spiraea; widely cultivated in many varieties for its dense panicles of flowers in many colors; often forced by florists for Easter blooming
Astragalus alpinus: perennial of mountainous areas of Eurasia and North America
Astragalus danicus: perennial of southern and western Europe having dense racemes of purple or violet flowers
Astragalus glycyphyllos: European perennial
Astrantia major: European herb with aromatic roots and leaves in a basal tuft and showy compound umbels of white to rosy flowers
astrantia: any plant of the genus Astrantia
Astreus hygrometricus: a common species of earthstar widely distributed in sandy soil; the gleba is a pale tan
Astreus pteridis: the largest earthstar; the fruiting body can measure 15 cm across when the rays are expanded
Astronium fraxinifolium: tall tropical American timber tree especially abundant in eastern Brazil; yields hard strong durable zebrawood with straight grain and dark strips on a pinkish to yellowish ground; widely used for veneer and furniture and heavy construction
Athrotaxis selaginoides: evergreen of Tasmanian mountains having sharp-pointed leaves that curve inward
Athyrium distentifolium: a lady fern with deeply cut leaf segments; found in the Rocky Mountains
Athyrium filix-femina: most widely grown fern of the genus Athyrium for its delicate foliage
Athyrium thelypteroides: fern with elongate silvery outgrowths enclosing the developing spores
Atriplex hortensis: Asiatic plant resembling spinach often used as a potherb; naturalized in Europe and North America
Atriplex hymenelytra: handsome low saltbush of arid southwestern United States and Mexico having blue-green prickly-edged leaves often used for Christmas decoration
Atriplex lentiformis: spiny shrub with silvery-scurfy foliage of alkaline plains of southwestern United States and Mexico
Atropa belladonna: perennial Eurasian herb with reddish bell-shaped flowers and shining black berries; extensively grown in United States; roots and leaves yield atropine
Attalea funifera: Brazilian palm yielding fibers used in making ropes, mats, and brushes
Aureolaria pedicularia: multi-stemmed North American annual having solitary axillary dark golden-yellow flowers resembling those of the foxglove; sometimes placed in genus Gerardia
Aureolaria virginica: sparsely branched North American perennial with terminal racemes of bright yellow flowers resembling those of the foxglove; sometimes placed in genus Gerardia
Auricularia auricula: widely distributed edible fungus shaped like a human ear and growing on decaying wood
Australian grass tree: any of several Australian evergreen perennials having short thick woody stems crowned by a tuft of grasslike foliage and yielding acaroid resins
Australian grass tree: stout Australian shrub with narrow leaves crowded at ends of branches and terminal clusters of white or pink flowers
Australian hare's foot: a hare's-foot fern of the genus Davallia
Australian heath: any heathlike plant of the family Epacridaceae; most are of the Australian region
Australian honeysuckle: shrubby tree with silky foliage and spikes of cylindrical yellow nectarous flowers
Australian nettle tree: any of several tall Australian trees of the genus Laportea
Australian pitcher plant: a carnivorous perennial herb having a green pitcher and hinged lid both with red edges; western Australia
Austrocedrus chilensis: a small South American evergreen having coppery bark and pretty foliage
Austrotaxus spicata: large yew native to New Caledonia; cultivated in eastern Australia and New Zealand and Hawaii
autophyte: plant capable of synthesizing its own food from simple organic substances
Avena barbata: oat of southern Europe and southwestern Asia
Avena fatua: common in meadows and pastures
Avena sativa: widely cultivated in temperate regions for its edible grains
Avene sterilis: Mediterranean oat held to be progenitor of modern cultivated oat
avens: any of various perennials of the genus Geum having usually pinnate basal leaves and variously colored flowers
Averrhoa bilimbi: East Indian evergreen tree bearing very acid fruit
Averrhoa carambola: East Indian tree bearing deeply ridged yellow-brown fruit
Avicennia marina: a mangrove of the West Indies and the southern Florida coast; occurs in dense thickets and has numerous short roots that bend up from the ground
Avicennia officinalis: a small to medium-sized tree growing in brackish water especially along the shores of the southwestern Pacific
awn: slender bristlelike appendage found on the bracts of grasses
axil: the upper angle between an axis and an offshoot such as a branch or leafstalk
axile placentation: ovules are borne at or around the center of a compound ovary on an axis formed from joined septa
axis: the main stem or central part about which plant organs or plant parts such as branches are arranged
Ayapana triplinervis: low spreading tropical American shrub with long slender leaves used to make a mildly stimulating drink resembling tea; sometimes placed in genus Eupatorium
Azadirachta indica: large semi-evergreen tree of the East Indies; trunk exudes a tenacious gum; bitter bark used as a tonic; seeds yield an aromatic oil; sometimes placed in genus Melia
azalea: any of numerous ornamental shrubs grown for their showy flowers of various colors
azure aster: a variety of aster
babacu oil: fatty oil from kernels of babassu nuts similar to coconut oil
babassu nut: hard-shelled nut of the babassu palm
Babylonian weeping willow: willow with long drooping branches and slender leaves native to China; widely cultivated as an ornamental
bacca: an indehiscent fruit derived from a single ovary having one or many seeds within a fleshy wall or pericarp: e.g. grape; tomato; cranberry
Baccharis halimifolia: a shrub of salt marshes of eastern and south central North America and West Indies; fruit is surrounded with white plumelike hairy tufts
Baccharis pilularis: widely spreading evergreen shrub of southwestern United States with flower heads in a leafy panicle
Baccharis viminea: California shrub with slender leafy shoots that are important browse for mule deer
balata: when dried yields a hard substance used e.g. in golf balls
Ballota nigra: ill-smelling European herb with rugose leaves and whorls of dark purple flowers
balm of Gilead: medium-sized fir of northeastern North America; leaves smell of balsam when crushed; much used for pulpwood and Christmas trees
balsa: strong lightweight wood of the balsa tree used especially for floats
balsam: any seed plant yielding balsam
balsam of Peru: dark brown syrupy balsam from the Peruvian balsam tree used especially in dressing wounds and treating certain skin diseases
balsam of tolu: aromatic yellowish brown balsam from the tolu balsam tree used especially in cough syrups
balsamroot: a plant of the genus Balsamorhiza having downy leaves in a basal rosette and yellow flowers and long balsam-scented taproots
bamboo: woody tropical grass having hollow woody stems; mature canes used for construction and furniture
bamboo: the hard woody stems of bamboo plants; used in construction and crafts and fishing poles
Bambusa vulgaris: extremely vigorous bamboo having thin-walled culms striped green and yellow; so widely cultivated that native area is uncertain
banana: any of several tropical and subtropical treelike herbs of the genus Musa having a terminal crown of large entire leaves and usually bearing hanging clusters of elongated fruits
baneberry: a poisonous berry of a plant of the genus Actaea
banksia: any shrub or tree of the genus Banksia having alternate leathery leaves apetalous yellow flowers often in showy heads and conelike fruit with winged seeds
Baptisia australis: wild indigo of the eastern United States having racemes of blue flowers
Baptisia lactea: erect or spreading herb having racemes of creamy white flowers; the eastern United States
Baptisia tinctoria: much-branched erect herb with bright yellow flowers; distributed from Massachusetts to Florida
Barbados-gooseberry vine: West Indian woody climber with spiny stems and numerous fragrant white flowers in panicles followed by small yellow to orange fruits
barberry: any of numerous plants of the genus Berberis having prickly stems and yellow flowers followed by small red berries
bark: tough protective covering of the woody stems and roots of trees and other woody plants
barley: cultivated since prehistoric times; grown for forage and grain
barleycorn: a grain of barley
barrel cactus: a cactus of the genus Ferocactus: unbranched barrel-shaped cactus having deep ribs with numerous spines and usually large funnel-shaped flowers followed by dry fruits
barrel cactus: any cactus of the genus Echinocactus; strongly ribbed and very spiny; southwestern United States to Brazil
basal placentation: where one or few ovules develop at the base of a simple or compound ovary
basidiocarp: the fruiting body of a basidiomycete which bears its spores on special cells
basidiolichen: a lichen in which the fungus component is a basidiomycete
basidiomycete: any of various fungi of the subdivision Basidiomycota
basidiospore: a sexually produced fungal spore borne on a basidium
basidium: a small club-shaped structure typically bearing four basidiospores at the ends of minute projections; unique to basidiomycetes
basil: any of several Old World tropical aromatic annual or perennial herbs of the genus Ocimum
bassine: coarse leaf fiber from palmyra palms used in making brushes and brooms
basswood: any of various deciduous trees of the genus Tilia with heart-shaped leaves and drooping cymose clusters of yellowish often fragrant flowers; several yield valuable timber
basswood: soft light-colored wood of any of various linden trees; used in making crates and boxes and in carving and millwork
bast: strong woody fibers obtained especially from the phloem of from various plants
bast: (botany) tissue that conducts synthesized food substances (e.g., from leaves) to parts where needed; consists primarily of sieve tubes
bastard pimpernel: weedy plant having short dry chafflike leaves
Batis maritima: low-growing strong-smelling coastal shrub of warm parts of the New World having unisexual flowers in conelike spikes and thick succulent leaves
Bauhinia monandra: shrub or small tree of Dutch Guiana having clusters of pink flowers streaked with purple
Bauhinia variegata: small East Indian tree having orchid-like flowers and hard dark wood
bay grass: any of various grasses of the genus Eragrostis; specially useful for forage and for the prevention of erosion
bayberry tallow: a fragrant green wax obtained from the wax myrtle and used in making candles
beach grass: tough grasses with strong roots that can grow on exposed sandy shores
beak: a beaklike, tapering tip on certain plant structures
bean: any of various seeds or fruits that are beans or resemble beans
bean tree: any of several trees having seedpods as fruits
bean: any of various leguminous plants grown for their edible seeds and pods
beanstalk: stem of a bean plant
bearberry: chiefly evergreen subshrubs of northern to Arctic areas
beard: a tuft or growth of hairs or bristles on certain plants such as iris or grasses
bearded iris: any of numerous wild or cultivated irises with hairlike structures on the falls (the drooping sepals)
beardless iris: any of numerous wild or cultivated irises having no hairs on the drooping sepals (the falls)
Beaumontia grandiflora: evergreen woody twiner with large glossy leaves and showy corymbs of fragrant white trumpet-shaped flowers
Bechtel crab: derived from the Iowa crab and cultivated for its large double pink blossoms
bedder: an ornamental plant suitable for planting in a flowerbed
bedstraw: any of several plants of the genus Galium
beech fern: any fern of the genus Phegopteris having deeply cut triangular fronds
beech: any of several large deciduous trees with rounded spreading crowns and smooth grey bark and small sweet edible triangular nuts enclosed in burs; north temperate regions
beech: wood of any of various beech trees; used for flooring and containers and plywood and tool handles
beefwood: any of several Australian trees of the genus Casuarina yielding heavy hard red wood used in cabinetwork
beefwood: any of several heavy hard reddish chiefly tropical woods of the families Casuarinaceae and Proteaceae; some used for cabinetwork
beggar lice: Eurasian and North American plants having small prickly nutlets that stick to clothing
beggar lice: any of various tropical and subtropical plants having trifoliate leaves and rough sticky pod sections or loments
beggar's-ticks: any of several plants of the genus Bidens having yellow flowers and prickly fruits that cling to fur and clothing
begonia: any of numerous plants of the genus Begonia grown for their attractive glossy asymmetrical leaves and colorful flowers in usually terminal cymes or racemes
Begonia cheimantha: hybrid winter-blooming begonia grown for its many large pink flowers
Begonia cocchinea: South American fibrous-rooted begonias having prominent basal leaf lobes suggesting angels' wings and racemes of coral-red flowers
Begonia dregei: tuberous or semi-tuberous South African begonia having shallowly lobed ovate leaves and small white flowers
Begonia erythrophylla: rhizomatous begonia with roundish fleshy leaves reddish colored beneath
Begonia heracleifolia: rhizomatous begonia having leaves with pointed lobes suggestive of stars and pink flowers
Begonia rex: any of numerous usually rhizomatous hybrid begonias derived from an East Indian plant having rough-textured leaves patterned in silver and bronze and purple and red-brown with inconspicuous flowers
Begonia semperflorens: hybrid fibrous-rooted begonia having broad-ovate green to bronze-red leaves and small clusters of white or pink or red flowers; widely used as a bedding plant
Begonia socotrana: semi-tuberous begonia having peltate leaves and rose-pink flowers; Yemen
Begonia tuberhybrida: any of numerous hybrid begonias having tuberous roots and variously colored flowers
Belamcanda chinensis: garden plant whose capsule discloses when ripe a mass of seeds resembling a blackberry
bellflower: any of various plants of the genus Campanula having blue or white bell-shaped flowers
Bellis perennis: low-growing Eurasian plant with yellow central disc flowers and pinkish-white outer ray flowers
bellwort: any of various plants of the genus Uvularia having yellowish drooping bell-shaped flowers
bent: grass for pastures and lawns especially bowling and putting greens
Berberis canadensis: deciduous shrub of eastern North America whose leaves turn scarlet in autumn and having racemes of yellow flowers followed by ellipsoid glossy red berries
Berberis thunbergii: compact deciduous shrub having persistent red berries; widespread in cultivation especially for hedges
bergenia: any plant of the genus Bergenia; valued as an evergreen ground cover and for the spring blossoms
Bermuda buttercup: South African bulbous wood sorrel with showy yellow flowers
Bermuda maidenhair fern: delicate endemic Bermudian fern with creeping rootstock
berry: a small fruit having any of various structures, e.g., simple (grape or blueberry) or aggregate (blackberry or raspberry)
Berteroa incana: tall European annual with downy grey-green foliage and dense heads of small white flowers followed by hairy pods; naturalized in North America; sometimes a troublesome weed
Bertholletia excelsa: tall South American tree bearing brazil nuts
Bessera elegans: half-hardy Mexican herb cultivated for its drooping terminal umbels of showy red-and-white flowers
Besseya alpina: small pale plant with dense spikes of pale bluish-violet flowers; of high cold meadows from Wyoming and Utah to New Mexico
Beta vulgaris: biennial Eurasian plant usually having a swollen edible root; widely cultivated as a food crop
Beta vulgaris cicla: beet lacking swollen root; grown as a vegetable for its edible leaves and stalks
Beta vulgaris rubra: beet having a massively swollen red root; widely grown for human consumption
Beta vulgaris vulgaris: beet with a large yellowish root; grown chiefly as cattle feed
betel: a leaf of a vine from the betel pepper
Betula alleghaniensis: tree of eastern North America with thin lustrous yellow or grey bark
Betula lenta: common birch of the eastern United States having spicy brown bark yielding a volatile oil and hard dark wood used for furniture
Betula neoalaskana: Alaskan birch with white to pale brown bark
Betula nigra: birch of swamps and river bottoms throughout the eastern United States having reddish-brown bark
Betula pubescens: European birch with dull white to pale brown bark and somewhat drooping hairy branches
Bidens bipinnata: common bur marigold of the eastern United States
Bidens connata: bur marigold of eastern and northern United States and Canada common in wet pastures and meadows
Bidens trichosperma: North American bur marigold with large flowers
biennial: (botany) a plant having a life cycle that normally takes two seasons from germination to death to complete; flowering biennials usually bloom and fruit in the second season
Bignonia capreolata: woody flowering vine of southern United States; stems show a cross in transverse section
bignoniad: any woody plant of the family Bignoniaceae
bijugate leaf: a pinnate leaf having two pairs of leaflets
billy buttons: any of various plants of the genus Craspedia grown for their downy foliage and globose heads of golden flowers; Australia and New Zealand
bilocular capsule: a capsule divided into two cells or compartments
bindweed: any of several vines of the genera Convolvulus and Calystegia having a twining habit
bipinnate leaf: a leaf having pinnate leaflets; as ferns
birch: hard close-grained wood of any of various birch trees; used especially in furniture and interior finishes and plywood
birch: any betulaceous tree or shrub of the genus Betula having a thin peeling bark
bird cherry: any of several small-fruited cherry trees frequented or fed on by birds
bird's-eye maple: maple wood having a wavy grain with eyelike markings
bird's-nest fungus: any of various fungi of the family Nidulariaceae having a cup-shaped body containing several egg-shaped structure enclosing the spores
Biscutalla laevigata: plant of southeastern Europe having yellow flowers like those of mustard and pods with open valves resembling bucklers
bishop's cap: any of various rhizomatous perennial herbs of the genus Mitella having a capsule resembling a bishop's miter
bitter almond oil: pale yellow essential oil obtained from bitter almonds by distillation from almond cake or meal
bitter cress: any of various herbs of the genus Cardamine, having usually pinnate leaves and racemes of white, pink or purple flowers; cosmopolitan except Antarctic
bitter pea: any of several spiny shrubs of the genus Daviesia having yellow flowers and triangular seeds; Australia
bitterwood tree: any of various trees or shrubs of the family Simaroubaceae having wood and bark with a bitter taste
black catechu: extract of the heartwood of Acacia catechu used for dyeing and tanning and preserving fishnets and sails; formerly used medicinally
black felt cup: a common name for a variety of Sarcosomataceae
black locust: strong stiff wood of a black-locust tree; very resistant to decay
black-eyed pea: fruit or seed of the cowpea plant
black-eyed Susan vine: tropical African climbing plant having yellow flowers with a dark purple center
black-stem spleenwort: fern of tropical America: from southern United States to West Indies and Mexico to Brazil
blackberry: bramble with sweet edible black or dark purple berries that usually do not separate from the receptacle
blackwood: very dark wood of any of several blackwood trees
blackwood: any of several hardwood trees yielding very dark-colored wood
bladder fern: any fern of the genus Cystopteris characterized by a hooded indusium or bladderlike membrane covering the sori
bladderpod: any of several hairy North American herbs having yellow racemose flowers and inflated pods
bladderpod: any of several plants of the genus Physaria having racemose yellow flowers and inflated pods
bladderpod: annual or perennial herbs with inflated seed pods; some placed in genus Lesquerella
bladderwort: any of numerous aquatic carnivorous plants of the genus Utricularia some of whose leaves are modified as small urn-shaped bladders that trap minute aquatic animals
blade: especially a leaf of grass or the broad portion of a leaf as distinct from the petiole
blastomycete: any of various yeastlike budding fungi of the genus Blastomyces; cause disease in humans and other animals
blazing star: any of various North American plants of the genus Liatris having racemes or panicles of small discoid flower heads
Blechnum spicant: fern with erect fronds of Europe and western North America; often cultivated for deer browse
Blephilia celiata: a variety of wood mint
Blephilia hirsuta: a variety of wood mint
bletia: any of various orchids of the genus Bletia having pseudobulbs and erect leafless racemes of large purple or pink flowers
Bletilla striata: Japanese orchid with white-striped leaves and slender erect racemes of rose to magenta flowers; often cultivated; sometimes placed in genus Bletia
Blighia sapida: widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions for its fragrant flowers and colorful fruits; introduced in Jamaica by William Bligh
blister: (botany) a swelling on a plant similar to that on the skin
blood lily: any of various deciduous or evergreen herbs of the genus Haemanthus; South Africa and Namibia
bloodleaf: any plant of the genus Iresine having colored foliage
bloodwort: any of various plants of the family Haemodoraceae; roots contain a deep red coloring matter
bloom: reproductive organ of angiosperm plants especially one having showy or colorful parts
bloomer: a flower that blooms in a particular way
Bloomeria crocea: California plant having grasslike leaves and showy orange flowers
blowball: any of several herbs of the genus Taraxacum having long tap roots and deeply notched leaves and bright yellow flowers followed by fluffy seed balls
blue curls: any of several plants of the genus Trichostema having whorls of small blue flowers
blue fig: the fruit of the Brisbane quandong tree
blue grass: any of various grasses of the genus Poa
Blue Mountain tea: goldenrod of eastern America having aromatic leaves from which a medicinal tea is made
blue-eyed grass: plant with grasslike foliage and delicate blue flowers
blueberry: any of numerous shrubs of the genus Vaccinium bearing blueberries
Bocconia frutescens: small Central American tree having loose racemes of purple-tinted green flowers
bog asphodel: either of two herbaceous rushlike bog plants having small yellow flowers and grasslike leaves; north temperate regions
bog aster: a variety of aster
bog hemp: any of several flowering weeds of the genus Boehmeria lacking stinging hairs
bog moss: any of various pale or ashy mosses of the genus Sphagnum whose decomposed remains form peat
bog plant: a semiaquatic plant that grows in soft wet land; most are monocots: sedge, sphagnum, grasses, cattails, etc; possibly heath
bole: the main stem of a tree; usually covered with bark; the bole is usually the part that is commercially useful for lumber
bolete: any fungus of the family Boletaceae
Boletellus russellii: a fungus with a long coarsely shaggy reticulate stalk and a rimose areolate cap surface
Boletus chrysenteron: a fungus convex cap and a dingy yellow under surface and a dry stalk
Boletus edulis: an edible and choice fungus; has a convex cap that is slightly viscid when fresh and moist but soon dries and a thick bulbous tan stalk
Boletus frostii: a fungus with a red cap and a red coarsely reticulate stalk
Boletus luridus: a poisonous fungus with a dingy yellow cap and orange red undersurface and a cylindrical reticulate stalk
Boletus mirabilis: a fungus that is edible when young and fresh; has a dark brown convex cap with a yellow to greenish under surface and reddish stalk
Boletus pallidus: a fungus that has an off-white cap when it is young but later becomes dingy brown and a stalk of the same color; the under surface of the cap (the tubes) a pale greenish yellow
Boletus pulcherrimus: a beautiful but poisonous bolete; has a brown cap with a scarlet pore surface and a thick reticulate stalk
Boletus pulverulentus: an edible fungus with a broadly convex blackish brown cap and a pore surface that is yellow when young and darkens with age; stalk is thick and enlarges toward the base
Boletus roxanae: a fungus with a rusty red cap and a white pore surface that becomes yellow with age and a pale yellow stalk
Boletus subvelutipes: a fungus with a velvety stalk and usually a dingy brown cap; injured areas turn blue instantly
Boletus variipes: an edible (but not choice) fungus found on soil under hardwoods; has a dry convex cap with whitish under surface and a reticulate stalk
Boletus zelleri: an edible and choice fungus that has a brown cap with greenish yellow under surface and a stalk that become dull red with age
boll: the rounded seed-bearing capsule of a cotton or flax plant
Bomarea edulis: tropical vine having pink-and-yellow flowers spotted purple and edible roots sometimes boiled as a potato substitute; West Indies to northern South America
Bomarea salsilla: tropical vine having umbels of small purple flowers and edible roots sometimes boiled as a potato substitute; Colombia
Bombax malabarica: East Indian silk cotton tree yielding fibers inferior to kapok
bonduc nut: hard shiny grey seed of a bonduc tree; used for making e.g. jewelry
bonsai: a dwarfed ornamental tree or shrub grown in a tray or shallow pot
Boott's goldenrod: a variety of goldenrod
Borago officinalis: hairy blue-flowered European annual herb long used in herbal medicine and eaten raw as salad greens or cooked like spinach
Borassus flabellifer: tall fan palm of Africa and India and Malaysia yielding a hard wood and sweet sap that is a source of palm wine and sugar; leaves used for thatching and weaving
Boswellia carteri: tree yielding an aromatic gum resin burned as incense
Boswellia serrata: East Indian tree yielding a resin used medicinally and burned as incense
Botrychium lunaria: of America and Eurasia and Australia
Botrychium matricariifolium: of North America and Eurasia
Botrychium multifidum: European fern with leathery and sparsely hairy fronds
Botrychium virginianum: American fern whose clustered sporangia resemble a snake's rattle
bottle tree: an Australian tree of the genus Brachychiton
bottlebrush buckeye: a spreading shrub with pink flowers; found in southeastern United States
bougainvillea: any of several South American ornamental woody vines of the genus Bougainvillea having brilliant red or purple flower bracts; widely grown in warm regions
Bougainvillea glabra: Brazilian vine that tends to flower continuously
bough: any of the larger branches of a tree
Bouteloua eriopoda: a pasture grass (especially of western coastal regions of North America)
Bouteloua gracilis: a pasture grass of western North America
Bowiea volubilis: much-branched leafless twining South African herb cultivated as an ornamental for its bright green stems growing from large aboveground bulbs
bowstring hemp: strong fiber that resembles hemp; obtained from sansevieria and used for e.g. cordage
bowstring hemp: grown as a houseplant for its mottled fleshy sword-shaped leaves or as a source of fiber
box: evergreen shrubs or small trees
boxthorn: any of various shrubs or vines of the genus Lycium with showy flowers and bright berries
Boykinia occidentalis: plant with leaves mostly at the base and openly branched clusters of small white flowers; western North America
boysenberry: cultivated hybrid bramble of California having large dark wine-red fruit with a flavor resembling raspberries
Brachychiton acerifolius: south Australian tree having panicles of brilliant scarlet flowers
Brachychiton australis: north Australian tree having white flowers and broad leaves
Brachychiton populneus: widely distributed tree of eastern Australia yielding a tough durable fiber and soft light attractively grained wood; foliage is an important emergency food for cattle
Brachychiton rupestris: large tree of Queensland having cream-colored flowers blotched with red inside; sometimes placed in genus Sterculia
Brachycome Iberidifolia: western Australian annual much cultivated for its flower heads with white or bluish to violet or variegated rays
Brachystegia speciformis: small shrubby African tree having compound leaves and racemes of small fragrant green flowers
bracket fungus: a woody fungus that forms shelflike sporophores on tree trunks and wood structures
bract: a modified leaf or leaflike part just below and protecting an inflorescence
bracteole: a small bract
Bradley's spleenwort: a spleenwort of eastern to southern United States
brake: any of various ferns of the genus Pteris having pinnately compound leaves and including several popular houseplants
bramble: any of various rough thorny shrubs or vines
bramble bush: any prickly shrub of the genus Rubus bearing edible aggregate fruits
branch: a division of a stem, or secondary stem arising from the main stem of a plant
branchlet: a small branch or division of a branch (especially a terminal division); usually applied to branches of the current or preceding year
Brasenia schreberi: aquatic plant with floating oval leaves and purple flowers; in lakes and slow-moving streams; suitable for aquariums
brassavola: any of various tropical American orchids with usually solitary fleshy leaves and showy white to green nocturnally fragrant blossoms solitary or in racemes of up to 7
Brassia lawrenceana: South American orchid with spiderlike pale-yellow to pale-green flowers
Brassia verrucosa: Central American orchid having spiderlike flowers with prominent green warts
Brassica hirta: Eurasian mustard cultivated for its pungent seeds; a source of table mustard and mustard oil
Brassica juncea: Asiatic mustard used as a potherb
Brassica napus: Eurasian plant cultivated for its seed and as a forage crop
Brassica napus napobrassica: a cruciferous plant with a thick bulbous edible yellow root
Brassica nigra: widespread Eurasian annual plant cultivated for its pungent seeds; a principal source of table mustard
Brassica oleracea: wild original of cultivated cabbages; common in western coastal Europe
Brassica oleracea: any of various cultivars of the genus Brassica oleracea grown for their edible leaves or flowers
Brassica oleracea acephala: a hardy cabbage with coarse curly leaves that do not form a head
Brassica oleracea botrytis: a plant having a large edible head of crowded white flower buds
Brassica oleracea capitata: any of various cultivated cabbage plants having a short thick stalk and large compact head of edible usually green leaves
Brassica oleracea gemmifera: plant grown for its stout stalks of edible small green heads resembling diminutive cabbages
Brassica oleracea gongylodes: plant cultivated for its enlarged fleshy turnip-shaped edible stem
Brassica oleracea italica: plant with dense clusters of tight green flower buds
Brassica rapa: widely cultivated plant having a large fleshy edible white or yellow root
Brassica rapa chinensis: Asiatic plant grown for its cluster of edible white stalks with dark green leaves
Brassica rapa pekinensis: plant with an elongated head of broad stalked leaves resembling celery; used as a vegetable in east Asia
Brassica rapa perviridis: Asiatic plant cultivated for its swollen root crown and edible foliage
Brassica rapa ruvo: plant grown for its pungent edible leafy shoots
Brazilian potato tree: South American shrub or small tree widely cultivated in the tropics; not a true potato
Brazilian rosewood: an important Brazilian timber tree yielding a heavy hard dark-colored wood streaked with black
brazilwood: heavy wood of various brazilwood trees; used for violin bows and as dyewoods
breakstone: any of various plants of the genus Saxifraga
Brewer's mountain heather: semi-prostrate evergreen herb of western United States
briarroot: hard woody root of the briar Erica arborea
briarwood: wood from the hard woody root of the briar Erica arborea; used to make tobacco pipes
brier: a thorny stem or twig
brier: tangled mass of prickly plants
briony: a vine of the genus Bryonia having large leaves and small flowers and yielding acrid juice with emetic and purgative properties
bristle fern: any fern of the genus Trichomanes having large pinnatifid often translucent fronds; most are epiphytic on tree branches and twigs or terrestrial on mossy banks
bristle grass: grasses of grasslands and woodlands having large gracefully arching spikes with long bristles beneath each spikelet
broad bean: seed of the broad-bean plant
broad leaved centaury: a variety of centaury with broad leaves
broad leaved goldenrod: a variety of goldenrod
brodiaea: any of several plants of the genus Brodiaea having basal grasslike leaves and globose flower heads on leafless stems resembling those of genus Allium
Brodiaea elegans: brodiaea having an umbel of violet or blue-violet flowers atop a leafless stalk; northern Oregon to southern California
brome: any of various woodland and meadow grasses of the genus Bromus; native to temperate regions
Bromelia: the type genus of the family Bromeliaceae which includes tropical American plants with deeply cleft calyx
Bromus arvensis: annual grass of Europe and temperate Asia
Bromus inermis: drought-resistant perennial with awns lacking or very short and long creeping rhizomes; Europe and temperate Asia
Bromus japonicus: grass of Mediterranean and temperate Asia
Bromus secalinus: weedy annual native to Europe but widely distributed as a weed especially in wheat
Bromus tectorum: annual or winter annual grass with softly hairy leaves of the Mediterranean
broom: any of various shrubs of the genera Cytisus or Genista or Spartium having long slender branches and racemes of yellow flowers
broom grass: any of several grasses of the genus Andropogon; used in broom making
Broussonetia papyrifera: shrubby Asiatic tree having bark (tapa) that resembles cloth; grown as a shade tree in Europe and America; male flowers are pendulous catkins and female are urn-shaped followed by small orange-red aggregate berries
browallia: any of several herbs of the genus Browallia cultivated for their blue or violet or white flowers
brown cup: a variety of sclerotinia
Bruckenthalia spiculifolia: small evergreen mat-forming shrub of southern Europe and Asia Minor having stiff stems and terminal clusters of small bell-shaped flowers
Brugmansia arborea: a South American plant that is cultivated for its large fragrant trumpet-shaped flowers
Brugmansia sanguinea: arborescent South American shrub having very large orange-red flowers
Brugmansia suaveolens: South American plant cultivated for its very large nocturnally fragrant trumpet-shaped flowers
Brunfelsia americana: West Indian shrub with fragrant showy yellowish-white flowers
Brya ebenus: West Indian tree yielding a fine grade of green ebony
bryanthus: procumbent Old World mat-forming evergreen shrub with racemes of pinkish-white flowers
Bryanthus taxifolius: small shrub with tiny evergreen leaves and pink or purple flowers; Alpine summits and high ground in Asia and Europe and United States
Bryonia alba: white-flowered vine having thick roots and bearing small black berries; Europe to Iran
Bryonia dioica: bryony having fleshy roots pale green flowers and very small red berries; Europe; North Africa; western Asia
bryophyte: any of numerous plants of the division Bryophyta
Buchloe dactyloides: short grass growing on dry plains of central United States (where buffalo roam)
buckeye: the inedible nutlike seed of the horse chestnut
buckler fern: any of various ferns of the genera Dryopteris or Polystichum or Lastreopsis having somewhat shield-shaped coverings on the sori
Buckleya distichophylla: parasitic shrub of the eastern United States having opposite leaves and insignificant greenish flowers followed by oily dull green olivelike fruits
buckthorn: any shrub or small tree of the genus Bumelia
buckthorn: a shrub or shrubby tree of the genus Rhamnus; fruits are source of yellow dyes or pigments
buckthorn berry: fruit of various buckthorns yielding dyes or pigments
bud: a swelling on a plant stem consisting of overlapping immature leaves or petals
bud: a partially opened flower
buddleia: tropical shrub having clusters of white or violet or yellow flowers
buffalo nut: oily drupaceous fruit of rabbitwood
bugbane: a plant of the genus Cimicifuga having flowers in long racemes or panicles reported to be distasteful to insects
bugle: any of various low-growing annual or perennial evergreen herbs native to Eurasia; used for ground cover
bulb: a modified bud consisting of a thickened globular underground stem serving as a reproductive structure
bulbil: small bulb or bulb-shaped growth arising from the leaf axil or in the place of flowers
bulbous iris: any of various irises having a rootstock formed like a bulb
bulbous plant: plant growing from a bulb
Bulnesia sarmienti: South American tree of dry interior regions of Argentina and Paraguay having resinous heartwood used for incense
Bumelia lanuginosa: deciduous tree of southeastern United States and Mexico
Bumelia lycioides: shrubby thorny deciduous tree of southeastern United States with white flowers and small black drupaceous fruit
bunch grass: any of various grasses of many genera that grow in tufts or clumps rather than forming a sod or mat; chiefly of western United States
Buphthalmum salicifolium: hairy Eurasian perennial having deep yellow daisies on lax willowy stems; found in the wild in open woodland and on rocky slopes
bur grass: a grass of the genus Cenchrus
bur reed: marsh plant having elongated linear leaves and round prickly fruit
bur: seed vessel having hooks or prickles
burdock: any of several erect biennial herbs of temperate Eurasia having stout taproots and producing burs
burl: a large rounded outgrowth on the trunk or branch of a tree
burl: the wood cut from a tree burl or outgrowth; often used decoratively in veneer
burning bush: (Old Testament) the bush that burned without being consumed and from which God spoke to Moses
Bursera microphylla: small tree or shrub of the southwestern United States having a spicy odor and odd-pinnate leaves and small clusters of white flowers
Bursera simaruba: tropical American tree yielding a reddish resin used in cements and varnishes
bush bean: a bean plant whose bushy growth needs no supports
bush clover: shrubby or herbaceous plants widely used for forage, soil improvement, and especially hay in southern United States
bush pea: any of various plants of the genus Thermopsis having trifoliate leaves and yellow or purple racemose flowers
bush poppy: evergreen shrub of southwestern United States and Mexico often cultivated for its fragrant golden yellow flowers
bush: a low woody perennial plant usually having several major stems
Butea monosperma: East Indian tree bearing a profusion of intense vermilion velvet-textured blooms and yielding a yellow dye
butt: the part of a plant from which the roots spring or the part of a stalk or trunk nearest the roots
buttercup squash: plant bearing somewhat drum-shaped fruit having dark green rind with greyish markings
buttercup: any of various plants of the genus Ranunculus
butterfly flower: any plant of the genus Schizanthus having finely divided leaves and showy variegated flowers
butterfly orchid: any orchid of the genus Psychopsis: spectacular large tiger-striped orchids
butterfly orchid: any orchid of the genus Oncidium: characterized by slender branching sprays of small yellow and brown flowers; often grown as houseplants
butterweed: any of several yellow-flowered plants of the genus Packera; often placed in genus Senecio
butterwort: any of numerous carnivorous bog plants of the genus Pinguicula having showy purple or yellow or white flowers and a rosette of basal leaves coated with a sticky secretion to trap small insects
button: any of various plant parts that resemble buttons
Buxus sempervirens: large slow-growing evergreen shrub or small tree with multiple stems; extensively used for hedges or borders and topiary figures
Cabernet Sauvignon grape: superior red wine grapes grown especially in the Bordeaux region of France and northern California
Cabomba caroliniana: common aquatic plant of eastern North America having floating and submerged leaves and white yellow-spotted flowers
Cacalia javanica: tropical African annual having scarlet tassel-shaped flower heads; sometimes placed in genus Cacalia
cactus: any succulent plant of the family Cactaceae native chiefly to arid regions of the New World and usually having spines
Caesalpinia bonducella: tropical tree with large prickly pods of seeds that resemble beans and are used for jewelry and rosaries
Caesalpinia coriaria: small thornless tree or shrub of tropical America whose seed pods are a source of tannin
Caesalpinia decapetala: spreading thorny shrub of tropical Asia bearing large erect racemes of red-marked yellow flowers
Caesalpinia echinata: tropical tree with prickly trunk; its heavy red wood yields a red dye and is used for cabinetry
Caesalpinia ferrea: thornless tree yielding heavy wood
Caesalpinia gilliesii: a tropical flowering shrub having bright orange or red flowers; sometimes placed in genus Poinciana
Caesalpinia pulcherrima: tropical shrub or small tree having showy yellow to orange-red flowers; sometimes placed in genus Poinciana
Cajanus cajan: tropical woody herb with showy yellow flowers and flat pods; much cultivated in the tropics
Cakile maritima: salt-tolerant seashore annual grown for its fragrant rose or violet flowers and fleshy grey-green foliage
calabar bean: dark brown highly poisonous seed of the calabar-bean vine; source of physostigmine and used in native witchcraft
calabash: round gourd of the calabash tree
caladenia: any of various orchids of the genus Caladenia
Caladenia cairnsiana: orchid with reddish linear leaves and panicle of purple-marked pale-yellow flowers with deep red or purple lip; southwestern Australia
caladium: any plant of the genus Caladium cultivated for their ornamental foliage variously patterned in white or pink or red
Caladium bicolor: most popular caladium; cultivated in many varieties since the late 19th century
Calamagrostic quadriseta: tall Australian reedlike grass sometimes used for hay
Calamagrostis acutiflora: a variety of reed grass
calamint: perennial aromatic herbs growing in hedgerows or scrub or open woodlands from western Europe to central Asia and in North America
calamus: any tropical Asian palm of the genus Calamus; light tough stems are a source of rattan canes
calamus: the aromatic root of the sweet flag used medicinally
Calamus australis: tall scrambling spiny palm of northeastern Queensland, Australia
calamus oil: carcinogenic oil from calamus root used as a perfume
Calamus rotang: climbing palm of Sri Lanka and southern India remarkable for the great length of the stems which are used for malacca canes
Calandrinia ciliata: succulent carpet-forming plant having small brilliant reddish-pink flowers; southwestern United States
calanthe: any of various showy orchids of the genus Calanthe having white or yellow or rose-colored flowers and broad leaves folded lengthwise
calceolaria: any garden plant of the genus Calceolaria having flowers with large inflated slipper-shaped lower lip
calendula: any of numerous chiefly annual herbs of the genus Calendula widely cultivated for their yellow or orange flowers; often used for medicinal and culinary purposes
Calendula officinalis: the common European annual marigold
calico aster: a variety of aster
California beauty: any of several handsome evergreen shrubs of California and northern Mexico having downy lobed leaves and showy yellow flowers
California black oak: large deciduous tree of the Pacific coast having deeply parted bristle-tipped leaves
California black walnut: medium-sized tree with somewhat aromatic compound leaves and edible nuts
California bluebell: desert plant of southern California with blue or violet tubular flowers in terminal racemes
California buckthorn: evergreen shrub of western United States bearing small red or black fruits
California false morel: a gyromitra with a brown puffed up fertile part and a thick fluted stalk; found under conifers in California
California four o'clock: California four o'clock with purple-red flowers
California lady's slipper: often having many yellow-green orchids with white pouches growing along streams and seeps of southwestern Oregon and northern California
California live oak: highly variable often shrubby evergreen oak of coastal zone of western North America having small thick usually spiny-toothed dark-green leaves
California single-leaf pinyon: very small tree similar to Rocky mountain pinon but having a single needle per fascicle; similar to Parry's pinyon in range
California sycamore: tall tree of Baja California having deciduous bark and large alternate palmately lobed leaves and ball-shaped clusters of flowers
California tree poppy: tall branching subshrub of California and Mexico often cultivated for its silvery-blue foliage and large fragrant white flowers
California white fir: medium to tall fir of central to western United States having a narrow erect crown and soft wood
California white oak: tall graceful deciduous California oak having leathery leaves and slender pointed acorns
California yellow bells: viscid herb of arid or desert habitats of southwestern United States having pendulous yellow flowers
Calla palustris: plant of wetlands and bogs of temperate regions having small greenish flowers partly enclosed in a white spathe and red berries
calliandra: any of various shrubs and small trees valued for their fine foliage and attractive spreading habit and clustered white to deep pink or red flowers
Callirhoe digitata: perennial poppy mallow of United States southern plains states having rose-red or rose-purple flowers
Callirhoe involucrata: hairy perennial of central United States having round deeply lobed leaves and loose panicles of large crimson-purple or cherry-red flowers
Callirhoe triangulata: densely hairy perennial having mostly triangular basal leaves and rose-purple flowers in panicled clusters
Callistephus chinensis: valued for their beautiful flowers in a wide range of clear bright colors; grown primarily for cutting
Callitris cupressiformis: Australian cypress pine having globular cones
Callitris endlicheri: Australian tree with small flattened scales as leaves and numerous dark brown seed; valued for its timber and resin
Callitris glaucophylla: small tree or shrub of southern Australia
Callitris parlatorei: Australian cypress pine with fibrous inner bark
Calluna vulgaris: common Old World heath represented by many varieties; low evergreen grown widely in the northern hemisphere
callus: (botany) an isolated thickening of tissue, especially a stiff protuberance on the lip of an orchid
Calocarpum zapota: tropical American tree having wood like mahogany and sweet edible egg-shaped fruit; in some classifications placed in the genus Calocarpum
Calochortus albus: globe lily having open branched clusters of egg-shaped white flowers; southern California
Calochortus amabilis: globe lily having open branched clusters of clear yellow egg-shaped flowers; northern California
Calochortus amoenus: globe lily with deep rose-pink or purple egg-shaped flowers on flexuous stems; western slopes of Sierra Nevada in San Joaquin Valley
Calochortus elegans: small plant with slender bent stems bearing branched clusters of a few white star-shaped flowers with petals shaped like cat's ears; southeastern Washington and northeastern Oregon to Montana
Calochortus kennedyi: mariposa with clusters of bell-shaped vermilion or orange or yellow flowers atop short stems; southern California to Arizona and Mexico
Calochortus luteus: mariposa having clusters of a few large deep yellow bell-shaped flowers atop slender stems; California coastal ranges
Calochortus macrocarpus: mariposa having loose clusters of one to three handsome lilac flowers resembling umbels atop stout erect stems; arid northwestern North America east of Cascade Mountains from southern British Columbia to northern California
Calochortus nuttallii: perennial plant having clusters of one to four showy white bell-shaped flowers atop erect unbranched stems; edible bulbs useful in times of scarcity; eastern Montana and western North Dakota south to northern Arizona and northwestern New Mexico
Calophyllum calaba: West Indian tree having racemes of fragrant white flowers and yielding a durable timber and resinous juice
Calophyllum candidissimum: tropical American tree; valued for its hard durable wood
Calophyllum inophyllum: East Indian tree having racemes of fragrant white flowers; coastal areas southern India to Malaysia
Calophyllum longifolium: valuable timber tree of Panama
Calopogon pulchellum: an orchid
Caloscypha fulgens: an early spring variety of discomycete with yellow to orange yellow lining of the cup
Calostoma cinnabarina: a gasteromycete with a leathery stalk and a fruiting body this globose and has a red spore case
Calostoma lutescens: a gasteromycete with a leathery stalk and a fruiting body that is globose and has a pale yellow spore case
Calostoma ravenelii: a gasteromycete with a leathery stalk and a fruiting body with a thin gelatinous spore case and elliptical spores
Caltha palustris: swamp plant of Europe and North America having bright yellow flowers resembling buttercups
caltrop: a plant of the genus Trapa bearing spiny four-pronged edible nutlike fruits
Calvatia gigantea: huge edible puffball up to 2 feet diameter and 25 pounds in weight
Calycanthus floridus: hardy shrub of southeastern United States having clove-scented wood and fragrant red-brown flowers
Calycanthus occidentalis: straggling aromatic shrub of southwestern United States having fragrant brown flowers
calycle: a group of bracts simulating a calyx as in a carnation or hibiscus
Calycophyllum candidissimum: source of a tough elastic wood
Calypso bulbosa: rare north temperate bog orchid bearing a solitary white to pink flower marked with purple at the tip of an erect reddish stalk above 1 basal leaf
calyptra: the hood or cap covering the calyx of certain plants: e.g., the California poppy
Calyptridium umbellatum: pink clusters of densely packed flowers on prostrate stems resemble upturned pads of cats' feet; grow in coniferous forests of western North America
calyx: (botany) the whorl of sepals of a flower collectively forming the outer floral envelope or layer of the perianth enclosing and supporting the developing bud; usually green
calyx tube: the cuplike or ringlike or tubular structure of a flower which bears the sepals and stamens and calyx (as in Rosaceae)
camas: any of several plants of the genus Camassia; North and South America
Camassia leichtlinii: camas found to the west of Cascade Mountains
Camassia quamash: plant having a large edible bulb and linear basal leaves and racemes of light to deep violet-blue star-shaped flowers on tall green scapes; western North America
Camassia scilloides: eastern camas; eastern and central North America
cambium: a formative one-cell layer of tissue between xylem and phloem in most vascular plants that is responsible for secondary growth
camelia: any of several shrubs or small evergreen trees having solitary white or pink or reddish flowers
Camelina sativa: annual European false flax having small white flowers; cultivated since Neolithic times as a source of fiber and for its oil-rich seeds; widely naturalized in North America
Camellia japonica: greenhouse shrub with glossy green leaves and showy fragrant rose-like flowers; cultivated in many varieties
Camellia sinensis: a tropical evergreen shrub or small tree extensively cultivated in e.g. China and Japan and India; source of tea leaves
Campanula americana: annual or perennial of eastern North America with long spikes of blue or white flowers
Campanula aparinoides: bellflower common in marshes of eastern North America having lanceolate linear leaves and small whitish flowers
Campanula carpatica: European perennial bellflower that grows in clumps with spreading stems and blue or white flowers
Campanula divaricata: bellflower of southeastern United States (Maryland to Georgia) having pale blue flowers
Campanula glomerata: bellflower of Europe to temperate Asia having dense spikes of violet-blue to white flowers
Campanula medium: European biennial widely cultivated for its blue or violet or white flowers
Campanula persicifolia: perennial European bellflower with racemose white or blue flowers
Campanula pyramidalis: bellflower of southeastern Europe
Campanula rapunculoides: erect European herb with creeping rootstocks and nodding spikelike racemes of blue to violet flowers
Campanula rapunculus: bellflower of Europe and Asia and North Africa having bluish flowers and an edible tuberous root used with the leaves in salad
Campanula rotundifolia: perennial of northern hemisphere with slender stems and bell-shaped blue flowers
Campanula trachelium: European bellflower with blue-purple to lilac flowers formerly used to treat sore throat
campion: any plant of the genus Silene
Campsis radicans: a North American woody vine having pinnate leaves and large red trumpet-shaped flowers
Camptosorus rhizophyllus: ferns having lanceolate fronds that root at the tip
campylotropous ovule: a curved ovule with the micropyle almost touching the funiculus
Canadian red pine: pine of eastern North America having long needles in bunches of two and reddish bark
Cananga odorata: evergreen Asian tree with aromatic greenish-yellow flowers yielding a volatile oil; widely grown in the tropics as an ornamental
Canary Island hare's foot fern: fern of the Canary Islands and Madeira
Canavalia ensiformis: annual semi-erect bushy plant of tropical South America bearing long pods with white seeds grown especially for forage
Canavalia gladiata: twining tropical Old World plant bearing long pods usually with red or brown beans; long cultivated in Orient for food
candida: any of the yeastlike imperfect fungi of the genus Candida
candlenut: seed of candlenut tree; source of soil used in varnishes
candlewood: any of several resinous trees or shrubs often burned for light
candytuft: any of various flowering plants of the genus Iberis cultivated for their showy clusters of white to red or purple flowers; native to Mediterranean region
cane: a strong slender often flexible stem as of bamboos, reeds, rattans, or sugar cane
Canella winterana: large evergreen shrub or small tree having white aromatic bark and leathery leaves and small purple to red flowers in terminal cymes
canella: highly aromatic inner bark of the Canella winterana used as a condiment and a tonic
canna: any plant of the genus Canna having large sheathing leaves and clusters of large showy flowers
Canna generalis: plants grown for their large bright yellow to red flowers
Canna indica: canna grown especially for its edible rootstock from which arrowroot starch is obtained
Cannabis indica: source of e.g. bhang and hashish as well as fiber
Cannabis sativa: a strong-smelling plant whose dried leaves can be smoked for a pleasant effect or pain reduction
cannabis: any plant of the genus Cannabis; a coarse bushy annual with palmate leaves and clusters of small green flowers; yields tough fibers and narcotic drugs
Cantharellus cibarius: widely distributed edible mushroom rich yellow in color with a smooth cap and a pleasant apricot aroma
Cantharellus cinnabarinus: mushroom with a distinctive pink to vermillion fruiting body
Cantharellus clavatus: an edible agaric with a brown fruiting body that is often compound
Cantharellus floccosus: a mildly poisonous fungus with a fruiting body shaped like a hollow trumpet
cap: a fruiting structure resembling an umbrella or a cone that forms the top of a stalked fleshy fungus such as a mushroom
cape marigold: any of several South African plants grown for the profusion of usually yellow daisylike flowers and mounds of aromatic foliage
Cape primrose: any of various African plants of the genus Streptocarpus widely cultivated especially as houseplants for their showy blue or purple flowers
caper: any of numerous plants of the genus Capparis
capitulum: an arrangement of leafy branches forming the top or head of a tree
capitulum: fruiting spike of a cereal plant especially corn
capitulum: a dense cluster of flowers or foliage
Capparis arborea: small Australian tree bearing edible fruit resembling the pomegranate
Capparis cynophallophora: shrub of southern Florida to West Indies
Capparis flexuosa: shrub or small tree of southern Florida to Central and South America
Capparis mitchellii: small Australian tree bearing edible dark purple fruit
Capparis spinosa: prostrate spiny shrub of the Mediterranean region cultivated for its greenish flower buds which are pickled
Capsella bursa-pastoris: white-flowered annual European herb bearing triangular notched pods; nearly cosmopolitan as an introduced weed
Capsicum annuum cerasiforme: plant bearing small rounded usually pungent fruits
Capsicum annuum conoides: plant bearing erect pungent conical red or yellow or purple fruits; sometimes grown as an ornamental
Capsicum annuum grossum: plant bearing large mild thick-walled usually bell-shaped fruits; the principal salad peppers
Capsicum annuum longum: plant bearing very hot and finely tapering long peppers; usually red
Capsicum frutescens: plant bearing very hot medium-sized oblong red peppers; grown principally in the Gulf Coast states for production of hot sauce
Capsicum frutescens baccatum: plant bearing very small and very hot oblong red fruits; includes wild forms native to tropical America; thought to be ancestral to the sweet pepper and many hot peppers
capsicum: any of various tropical plants of the genus Capsicum bearing peppers
capsule: a dry dehiscent seed vessel or the spore-containing structure of e.g. mosses
Caragana arborescens: large spiny shrub of eastern Asia having clusters of yellow flowers; often cultivated in shelterbelts and hedges
caragana: any plant of the genus Caragana having even-pinnate leaves and mostly yellow flowers followed by seeds in a linear pod
Cardamine bulbifera: European bittercress having a knotted white rootstock
Cardamine bulbosa: small white-flowered cress common in wet places in eastern North America
Cardamine diphylla: North American herb with pungent scaly or toothed roots
Cardamine douglasii: small perennial herb of cooler regions of North America with racemose purple flowers
Cardamine pratensis: a bitter cress of Europe and America
Cardamine rotundifolia: mat-forming perennial found in cold springs of the eastern United States
Cardiospermum grandiflorum: herbaceous vine of tropical America and Africa
Cardiospermum halicacabum: woody perennial climbing plant with large ornamental seed pods that resemble balloons; tropical India and Africa and America
Carduus crispus: European biennial introduced in North America having flower heads in crowded clusters at ends of branches
Carduus nutans: Eurasian perennial naturalized in eastern North America having very spiny white cottony foliage and nodding musky crimson flower heads; valuable source of nectar
Carex arenaria: European maritime sedge naturalized along Atlantic coast of United States; rootstock has properties of sarsaparilla
Carex pseudocyperus: tufted sedge of temperate regions; nearly cosmopolitan
Carica papaya: tropical American shrub or small tree having huge deeply palmately cleft leaves and large oblong yellow fruit
carissa: a shrub of the genus Carissa having fragrant white flowers and plumlike red to purple-black fruits
Carissa bispinosa: South African shrub having forked spines and plumlike fruit; frequently used as hedging
Carissa grandiflora: very large closely branched South African shrub having forked bright green spines and shiny leaves
Carlina acaulis: stemless perennial having large flowers with white or purple-brown florets nestled in a rosette of long spiny leaves hairy beneath; of alpine regions of southern and eastern Europe
Carlina vulgaris: Eurasian thistle growing in sand dunes and dry chalky soils
carline thistle: a thistle of the genus Carlina
carnauba: hard yellowish to brownish wax from leaves of the carnauba palm used especially in floor waxes and polishes
Carnegiea gigantea: extremely large treelike cactus of desert regions of southwestern United States having a thick columnar sparsely branched trunk bearing white flowers and edible red pulpy fruit
carnivorous plant: plants adapted to attract and capture and digest primarily insects but also other small animals
Carolina pond fern: small free-floating aquatic fern from the eastern United States to tropical America; naturalized in western and southern Europe
Carolina spring beauty: similar to Claytonia virginica but having usually pink flowers; eastern North America
carpel: a simple pistil or one element of a compound pistil
Carpenteria californica: California evergreen shrub having glossy opposite leaves and terminal clusters of a few fragrant white flowers
Carpinus caroliniana: tree or large shrub with grey bark and blue-green leaves that turn red-orange in autumn
carpophore: a slender stalk that furnishes an axis for a carpel
carpospore: a nonmotile spore of red algae
carrion flower: any of various plants of the genus Stapelia having succulent leafless toothed stems resembling cacti and large foul-smelling (often star-shaped) flowers
carrion fungus: any of various ill-smelling brown-capped fungi of the order Phallales
carrot: deep orange edible root of the cultivated carrot plant
Carthamus tinctorius: thistlelike Eurasian plant widely grown for its red or orange flower heads and seeds that yield a valuable oil
Carum carvi: a Eurasian plant with small white flowers yielding caraway seed
Carya aquatica: hickory of southern United States having many narrow leaflets and rather bitter nuts
Carya cordiformis: hickory of the eastern United States having a leaves with 7 or 9 leaflets and thin-shelled very bitter nuts
Carya glabra: an American hickory tree having bitter nuts
Carya illinoinsis: tree of southern United States and Mexico cultivated for its nuts
Carya laciniosa: hickory of the eastern United States resembling the shagbark but having a much larger nut
Carya myristicaeformis: hickory of southern United States and Mexico having hard nutmeg-shaped nuts
Carya ovata: North American hickory having loose grey shaggy bark and edible nuts
Carya tomentosa: smooth-barked North American hickory with 7 to 9 leaflets bearing a hard-shelled edible nut
Caryocar nuciferum: large South American evergreen tree trifoliate leaves and drupes with nutlike seeds used as food and a source of cooking oil
caryophyllaceous plant: a plant of the family Caryophyllaceae
caryophylloid dicot family: family of relatively early dicotyledonous plants including mostly flowers
caryophylloid dicot genus: genus of relatively early dicotyledonous plants including mostly flowers
caryopsis: dry seed-like fruit produced by the cereal grasses: e.g. wheat, barley, Indian corn
Caryota urens: fishtail palm of India to Malay Peninsula; sap yields a brown sugar (jaggery) and trunk pith yields sago
casava: any of several plants of the genus Manihot having fleshy roots yielding a nutritious starch
cascara: dried bark of the cascara buckthorn used as a laxative
cascarilla bark: aromatic bark of cascarilla; used as a tonic and for making incense
cash crop: a readily salable crop that is grown and gathered for the market (as vegetables or cotton or tobacco)
cassava: cassava root eaten as a staple food after drying and leaching; source of tapioca
cassia: any of various trees or shrubs of the genus Cassia having pinnately compound leaves and usually yellow flowers followed by long seedpods
Cassia alata: tropical shrub (especially of Americas) having yellow flowers and large leaves whose juice is used as a cure for ringworm and poisonous bites; sometimes placed in genus Cassia
Cassia augustifolia: erect shrub having racemes of tawny yellow flowers; the dried leaves are used medicinally as a cathartic; sometimes placed in genus Cassia
Cassia auriculata: evergreen Indian shrub with vivid yellow flowers whose bark is used in tanning; sometimes placed in genus Cassia
Cassia fistula: deciduous or semi-evergreen tree having scented sepia to yellow flowers in drooping racemes and pods whose pulp is used medicinally; tropical Asia and Central and South America and Australia
Cassia grandis: tropical American semi-evergreen tree having erect racemes of pink or rose-colored flowers; used as an ornamental
Cassia javonica: deciduous ornamental hybrid of southeastern Asia and Hawaii having racemes of flowers ranging in color from cream-colored to orange and red
Cassia marilandica: North American perennial herb; leaves are used medicinally; sometimes placed in genus Cassia
Cassia occidentalis: very leafy malodorous tropical weedy shrub whose seeds have been used as an adulterant for coffee; sometimes classified in genus Cassia
Cassia roxburghii: East Indian tree having long pods containing a black cathartic pulp used as a horse medicine
Cassiope mertensiana: heath of mountains of western United States having bell-shaped white flowers
Castanea mollissima: a small tree with small sweet nuts; wild or naturalized in Korea and China
Castanea ozarkensis: shrubby tree closely related to the Allegheny chinkapin but with larger leaves; southern midwestern United States
Castanopsis chrysophylla: small ornamental evergreen tree of Pacific Coast whose glossy yellow-green leaves are yellow beneath; bears edible nuts
Castilleja chromosa: most common paintbrush of western United States dry lands; having erect stems ending in dense spikes of bright orange to red flowers
Castilleja miniata: wildflower of western North America having ragged clusters of crimson or scarlet flowers
Castilleja sessiliflora: hairy plant with pinkish flowers; Great Plains to northern Mexico
Castilleja sulphurea: plant of moist highland meadows having ragged clusters of pale yellow flowers
castor bean: the toxic seed of the castor-oil plant; source of castor oil
casuarina: any of various trees and shrubs of the genus Casuarina having jointed stems and whorls of scalelike leaves; some yield heavy hardwood
Casuarina equisetfolia: common Australian tree widely grown as an ornamental in tropical regions; yields heavy hard red wood
cat's-ear: any of several plants of the genus Calochortus having flowers with petals shaped like cat's ears
Catalina cherry: evergreen shrub or small tree found on Catalina Island (California)
Catalpa bignioides: catalpa tree of southern United States
Catalpa speciosa: catalpa tree of central United States
catananche: any of several plants of the genus Catananche having long-stalked heads of blue or yellow flowers
Catananche caerulea: south European plant having dark-eyed flowers with flat blue rays
cataphyll: a reduced or scarcely developed leaf at the start of a plant's life (i.e., cotyledons) or in the early stages of leaf development
Catasetum macrocarpum: orchid having both male and female flowers in the same raceme; when a sensitive projection at the base of the column of the male flower is touched the pollen is suddenly ejected
catch crop: a crop that grows quickly (e.g. lettuce) and can be planted between two regular crops grown in successive seasons or between two rows of crops in the same season
catchfly: mostly perennial herbs with sticky stems that catch insects; widespread in north temperate zone
Catha edulis: a shrub that is cultivated by Arabs for its leaves which are chewed or used to make tea
Cathaya: Chinese evergreen conifer discovered in 1955; not yet cultivated elsewhere
cattail: tall erect herbs with sword-shaped leaves; cosmopolitan in fresh and salt marshes
cattleya: any orchid of the genus Cattleya characterized by a three-lobed lip enclosing the column; among the most popular and most extravagantly beautiful orchids known
caudex: woody stem of palms and tree ferns
caudex: persistent thickened stem of a herbaceous perennial plant
Caulophyllum thalictrioides: tall herb of eastern North America and Asia having blue berrylike fruit and a thick knotty rootstock formerly used medicinally
Cebu maguey: hard fiber used in making coarse twine; from Philippine agave plants
Cecropia peltata: tropical American tree with large peltate leaves and hollow stems
cedar nut: the seed of the Swiss pine
cedar of Lebanon: cedar of Lebanon and northwestern Syria that attains great age and height
cedar: any of numerous trees of the family Cupressaceae that resemble cedars
cedar: any cedar of the genus Cedrus
cedar: durable aromatic wood of any of numerous cedar trees; especially wood of the red cedar often used for cedar chests
Cedrus atlantica: tall Algerian evergreen of Atlas mountains with blue-green leaves; widely planted as an ornamental
Ceiba pentandra: massive tropical tree with deep ridges on its massive trunk and bearing large pods of seeds covered with silky floss; source of the silky kapok fiber
Celastrus orbiculatus: ornamental Asiatic vine with showy orange-yellow fruit with a scarlet aril; naturalized in North America
celery pine: Australasian evergreen conifer having a graceful head of foliage resembling celery that is composed of phyllodes borne in the axils of scalelike leaves
cell wall: a rigid layer of polysaccharides enclosing the membrane of plant and prokaryotic cells; maintains the shape of the cell and serves as a protective barrier
cellular slime mold: differing from true slime molds in being cellular and nucleate throughout the life cycle
Celosia argentea: weedy annual with spikes of silver-white flowers
Celosia argentea cristata: garden annual with featherlike spikes of red or yellow flowers
Celtis laevigata: deciduous shade tree with small black berries; southern United States; yields soft yellowish wood
Celtis occidentalis: large deciduous shade tree of southern United States with small deep purple berries
Cenchrus tribuloides: grass of the eastern United States and tropical America having spikelets enclosed in prickly burs
Centaurea americana: annual of southwestern United States cultivated for its purple flower heads and its bracts that resemble small baskets
Centaurea cyanus: an annual Eurasian plant cultivated in North America having showy heads of blue or purple or pink or white flowers
Centaurea gymnocarpa: a plant having leaves and stems covered with down that resembles dust
Centaurea imperialis: perennial of mountains of Iran and Iraq; cultivated for its fragrant rose-pink flowers
Centaurea moschata: Asian plant widely grown for its sweetly fragrant pink flowers; sometimes placed in genus Centaurea
Centaurea nigra: a weedy perennial with tough wiry stems and purple flowers; native to Europe but widely naturalized
Centaurea scabiosa: tall European perennial having purple flower heads
Centaurea solstitialis: European weed having a winged stem and hairy leaves; adventive in the eastern United States
Centauria calcitrapa: Mediterranean annual or biennial herb having pinkish to purple flowers surrounded by spine-tipped scales; naturalized in America
Centaurium calycosum: erect plant with small clusters of pink trumpet-shaped flowers of southwestern United States
Centaurium minus: common European glabrous annual centaury with flowers in dense cymes
Centaurium scilloides: tufted perennial of western Europe and Azores having bright pink to white flowers
centaury: any of various plants of the genus Centaurium
centaury: any plant of the genus Centaurea
Central American strap fern: fern with shorter and narrower leaves than Florida strap fern; Florida to West Indies and Mexico and south to Argentina
Centrolobium robustum: Brazilian tree with handsomely marked wood
Centrosema virginianum: large-flowered weakly twining or prostrate vine of New Jersey to tropical eastern North America, sometimes cultivated for its purple and white flowers
Cephalanthera rubra: orchid of Mediterranean and Asia having a lax spike of bright rose-pink flowers
Cerastium alpinum: widespread in the Arctic and on mountains in Europe
Cerastium arvense: densely tufted perennial chickweed of north temperate zone
Cerastium tomentosum: chickweed with hairy silver-grey leaves and rather large white flowers
Ceratonia siliqua: evergreen Mediterranean tree with edible pods; the biblical carob
Ceratopetalum gummiferum: Australian tree or shrub with red flowers; often used in Christmas decoration
Ceratopteris pteridioides: aquatic fern of tropical America often used in aquariums
Ceratopteris thalictroides: pantropical aquatic fern
Ceratostomella ulmi: fungus causing Dutch elm disease
ceratozamia: a small cycad of the genus Ceratozamia having a short scaly woody trunk and fernlike foliage and woody cones; Mexico
Cercidiphyllum japonicum: rapidly growing deciduous tree of low mountainsides of China and Japan; grown as an ornamental for its dark blue-green candy-scented foliage that becomes yellow to scarlet in autumn
Cercis canadensis: small shrubby tree of eastern North America similar to the Judas tree having usually pink flowers; found in damp sheltered underwood
Cercis occidentalis: shrub of western United States having pink or crimson flowers; often forms thickets
Cercospora kopkei: fungus causing yellow spot (a sugarcane disease in Australia)
cereal: grass whose starchy grains are used as food: wheat; rice; rye; oats; maize; buckwheat; millet
Ceroxylon andicola: palm of the Andes yielding a resinous wax which is mixed with tallow to make candles
Cestrum diurnum: West Indian evergreen shrub having clusters of funnel-shaped white flowers that are fragrant by day
Cestrum nocturnum: West Indian evergreen shrub having clusters of funnel-shaped yellow-white flowers that are fragrant by night
Ceterach officinarum: small European fern with chaffy leathery fronds
Cetraria islandica: lichen with branched flattened partly erect thallus that grows in mountainous and Arctic regions; used as a medicine or food for humans and livestock; a source of glycerol
chaenactis: any of several United States plants having long stalks of funnel-shaped white or yellow flowers
Chaenomeles japonica: deciduous thorny shrub native to Japan having red blossoms
Chaenomeles speciosa: deciduous thorny shrub native to China having red or white blossoms
chain fern: a fern of the genus Woodwardia having the sori in chainlike rows
chalaza: basal part of a plant ovule opposite the micropyle; where integument and nucellus are joined
Chamaecrista fasciculata: tropical American plant having leaflets somewhat sensitive to the touch; sometimes placed in genus Cassia
Chamaecyparis lawsoniana: large timber tree of western North America with trunk diameter to 12 feet and height to 200 feet
Chamaecyparis nootkatensis: tall evergreen of the Pacific coast of North America often cultivated for ornament
Chamaecyparis thyoides: slow-growing medium-sized cedar of east coast of the United States; resembles American arborvitae
Chamaecytisus palmensis: shrub of Canary Islands having bristle-tipped oblanceolate leaves; used as cattle fodder
Chamaedaphne calyculata: north temperate bog shrub with evergreen leathery leaves and small white cylindrical flowers
Chamaemelum nobilis: Eurasian plant with apple-scented foliage and white-rayed flowers and feathery leaves used medicinally; in some classification systems placed in genus Anthemis
Chardonnay: white wine grape
charred pancake cup: a common name for a variety of Sarcosomataceae
checkered lily: any liliaceous plant of the genus Fritillaria having nodding variously colored flowers
Cheilanthes alabamensis: southeastern United States to northern Mexico and Jamaica
Cheilanthes eatonii: lip fern of Texas to Oklahoma and Colorado and Arizona and Mexico having tall erect tufted fronds
Cheilanthes gracillima: small tufted fern of northwestern America
Cheilanthes lanosa: small North American evergreen fern whose stipes and lower frond surfaces are densely wooly
Cheiranthus allionii: showy erect biennial or short-lived perennial cultivated for its terminal racemes of orange-yellow flowers; sometimes placed in genus Cheiranthus
Cheiranthus cheiri: perennial of southern Europe having clusters of fragrant flowers of all colors especially yellow and orange; often naturalized on old walls or cliffs; sometimes placed in genus Erysimum
Chelidonium majus: perennial herb with branched woody stock and bright yellow flowers
Chelone glabra: showy perennial of marshlands of eastern and central North America having waxy lanceolate leaves and flower with lower part creamy white and upper parts pale pink to deep purple
Chenin blanc: white grape grown especially in California and the lower Loire valley of France
Chenopodium album: common weedy European plant introduced into North America; often used as a potherb
Chenopodium ambrosioides: rank-smelling tropical American pigweed
Chenopodium bonus-henricus: European plant naturalized in North America; often collected from the wild as a potherb
Chenopodium botrys: Eurasian aromatic oak-leaved goosefoot with many yellow-green flowers; naturalized North America
Chenopodium capitatum: European annual with clusters of greenish flowers followed by red pulpy berrylike fruit; naturalized North America
Chenopodium glaucum: annual European plant with spikes of greenish flowers and leaves that are white and hairy on the underside; common as a weed in North America
Chenopodium hybridum: herb considered fatal to swine
Chenopodium murale: European annual with coarsely dentate leaves; widespread in United States and southern Canada
Chenopodium rubrum: common Eurasian weed; naturalized in United States
Chenopodium vulvaria: European goosefoot with strong-scented foliage; adventive in eastern North America
cherry: wood of any of various cherry trees especially the black cherry
cherry stone: the stone seed of a cherry
cherry: any of numerous trees and shrubs producing a small fleshy round fruit with a single hard stone; many also produce a valuable hardwood
chestnut: wood of any of various chestnut trees of the genus Castanea
chestnut oak: an oak having leaves resembling those of chestnut trees
chestnut: any of several attractive deciduous trees yellow-brown in autumn; yield a hard wood and edible nuts in a prickly bur
chickpea: the seed of the chickpea plant
chickweed: any of various plants of the genus Stellaria
chickweed: any of various plants related to the common chickweed
chicory: the dried root of the chicory plant: used as a coffee substitute
Chile tarweed: South American herb with sticky glandular foliage; source of madia oil
Chilopsis linearis: evergreen shrubby tree resembling a willow of dry regions of southwestern North America having showy purplish flowers and long seed pods
Chimaphila umbellata: Eurasian herb with white or pinkish flowers in a terminal corymb
Chimonanthus praecox: deciduous Japanese shrub cultivated for its fragrant yellow flowers
chinchona: any of several trees of the genus Cinchona
Chinese angelica tree: similar to American angelica tree but less prickly; China
Chinese cinnamon: aromatic bark of the cassia-bark tree; less desirable as a spice than Ceylon cinnamon bark
Chinese forget-me-not: biennial east Asian herb grown for its usually bright blue flowers
Chinese holly: dense rounded evergreen shrub of China having spiny leaves; widely cultivated as an ornamental
Chinese lantern plant: Old World perennial cultivated for its ornamental inflated papery orange-red calyx
Chinese pea tree: shrub with dark-green glossy foliage and solitary pale yellow flowers; northern China
Chinese rhubarb: long used for laxative properties
Chinese scholar tree: handsome roundheaded deciduous tree having compound dark green leaves and profuse panicles of fragrant creamy-white flowers; China and Japan
Chinese silk plant: tall perennial herb of tropical Asia with dark green leaves; cultivated for the fiber from its woody stems that resembles flax
Chinese water chestnut: Chinese sedge yielding edible bulb-shaped tubers
Chionanthus virginicus: small bushy tree of southeastern United States having profuse clusters of white flowers
Chionochloa conspicua: used by Maoris for thatching
chlamydospore: thick-walled asexual resting spore of certain fungi and algae
chlamys: collective term for the outer parts of a flower consisting of the calyx and corolla and enclosing the stamens and pistils
chlorenchyma: parenchyma whose cells contain chloroplasts
Chloris gayana: perennial grass of South Africa introduced into United States; cultivated as forage grass in dry regions
Chloris truncata: perennial Australian grass having numerous long spikes arranged like the vanes of a windmill
Chlorophyllum molybdites: a poisonous agaric with a fibrillose cap and brown scales on a white ground color; cap can reach a diameter of 30 cm; often forms `fairy rings'
chloroplast: plastid containing chlorophyll and other pigments; in plants that carry out photosynthesis
Chloroxylon swietenia: East Indian tree with valuable hard lustrous yellowish wood
chokecherry: the fruit of the chokecherry tree
christella: any of several tropical ferns of the genus Christella having thin brittle fronds
Christmas bells: any of several plants of the genus Blandfordia having large orange or crimson flowers
Christmas green: any of several club mosses having long creeping stems and erect branches
Christmas holly: an evergreen tree
chromoplast: plastid containing pigments other than chlorophyll usually yellow or orange carotenoids
chrysanthemum: any of numerous perennial Old World herbs having showy brightly colored flower heads of the genera Chrysanthemum, Argyranthemum, Dendranthema, Tanacetum; widely cultivated
chrysanthemum: the flower of a chrysanthemum plant
Chrysanthemum balsamita: tansy-scented Eurasian perennial herb with buttonlike yellow flowers; used as potherb or salad green and sometimes for potpourri or tea or flavoring; sometimes placed in genus Chrysanthemum
Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium: white-flowered pyrethrum of Balkan area whose pinnate leaves are white and silky-hairy below; source of an insecticide; sometimes placed in genus Chrysanthemum
Chrysanthemum coccineum: spring-flowering garden perennial of Asiatic origin having finely divided aromatic leaves and white to pink-purple flowers; source of an insecticide; sometimes placed in genus Chrysanthemum
Chrysanthemum coronarium: shrubby annual of the Mediterranean region with yellowish-white flowers
Chrysanthemum coronarium spatiosum: grown for its succulent edible leaves used in Asian cooking
Chrysanthemum frutescens: perennial subshrub of the Canary Islands having usually pale yellow daisylike flowers; often included in genus Chrysanthemum
Chrysanthemum lacustre: perennial of Portugal similar to the oxeye daisy
Chrysanthemum leucanthemum: tall leafy-stemmed Eurasian perennial with white flowers; widely naturalized; often placed in genus Chrysanthemum
Chrysanthemum maximum: similar to oxeye daisy
Chrysanthemum maximum maximum: hybrid garden flower derived from Chrysanthemum maximum and Chrysanthemum lacustre having large white flower heads resembling oxeye daisies; often placed in the genus Chrysanthemum
Chrysanthemum parthenium: bushy aromatic European perennial herb having clusters of buttonlike white-rayed flower heads; valued traditionally for medicinal uses; sometimes placed in genus Chrysanthemum
Chrysanthemum ptarmiciflorum: shrubby perennial of the Canary Islands having white flowers and leaves and hairy stems covered with dustlike down; sometimes placed in genus Chrysanthemum
Chrysanthemum segetum: European herb with bright yellow flowers; a common weed in grain fields
Chrysobalanus icaco: small tropical American tree bearing edible plumlike fruit
Chrysolepis sempervirens: evergreen shrub similar to golden chinkapin; mountains of California
Chrysophyllum cainito: evergreen tree of West Indies and Central America having edible purple fruit star-shaped in cross section and dark green leaves with golden silky undersides
Chrysophyllum oliviforme: tropical American timber tree with dark hard heavy wood and small plumlike purple fruit
Chrysosplenium americanum: aquatic herb with yellowish flowers; central and western United States
Chrysothamnus nauseosus: pleasantly aromatic shrub having erect slender flexible hairy branches and dense clusters of small yellow flowers covering vast areas of western alkali plains and affording a retreat for jackrabbits; source of a yellow dye used by the Navajo
Cibotium barometz: Asiatic tree fern having dense matted hairs sometimes used as a styptic
Cicer arietinum: Asiatic herb cultivated for its short pods with one or two edible seeds
Cichorium endivia: widely cultivated herb with leaves valued as salad green; either curly serrated leaves or broad flat ones that are usually blanched
Cichorium intybus: perennial Old World herb having rayed flower heads with blue florets cultivated for its root and its heads of crisp edible leaves used in salads
Cicuta verosa: tall erect highly poisonous Eurasiatic perennial herb locally abundant in marshy areas
cigar-box cedar: fragrant wood much used for cigar boxes
Cimicifuga americana: bugbane of the eastern United States having erect racemes of white flowers
Cimicifuga foetida: bugbane of Siberia and eastern Asia having ill-smelling green-white flowers
Cimicifuga racemosa: North American bugbane found from Maine and Ontario to Wisconsin and south to Georgia
Cinchona cordifolia: Colombian tree; source of Cartagena bark (a cinchona bark)
Cinchona officinalis: Peruvian shrub or small tree having large glossy leaves and cymes of fragrant yellow to green or red flowers; cultivated for its medicinal bark
Cinchona pubescens: small tree of Ecuador and Peru having very large glossy leaves and large panicles of fragrant pink flowers; cultivated for its medicinal bark
Cineraria maritima: stiff much-branched perennial of the Mediterranean region having very white woolly stems and leaves
Cinnamomum camphora: large evergreen tree of warm regions whose aromatic wood yields camphor
Cinnamomum cassia: Chinese tree with aromatic bark; yields a less desirable cinnamon than Ceylon cinnamon
Cinnamomum loureirii: tropical southeast Asian tree with aromatic bark; yields a bark used medicinally
Cinnamomum zeylanicum: tropical Asian tree with aromatic yellowish-brown bark; source of the spice cinnamon
cinnamon bark: aromatic bark of Saigon cinnamon used medicinally as a carminative
cinnamon: aromatic bark used as a spice
cinquefoil: any of a numerous plants grown for their five-petaled flowers; abundant in temperate regions; alleged to have medicinal properties
Circaea lutetiana: tall evening primrose with inconspicuous flowers
Circis siliquastrum: small tree of the eastern Mediterranean having abundant purplish-red flowers growing on old wood directly from stems and appearing before the leaves: widely cultivated in mild regions; wood valuable for veneers
cirrhus: usually coiled
Cirsium arvense: European thistle naturalized in United States and Canada where it is a pernicious weed
Cirsium discolor: stout North American thistle with purplish-pink flower heads
Cirsium flodmanii: thistle of western North America having white woolly leaves
Cirsium heterophylum: perennial stoloniferous thistle of northern Europe with lanceolate basal leaves and usually solitary heads of reddish-purple flowers
Cirsium lanceolatum: European thistle with rather large heads and prickly leaves; extensively naturalized as a weed in the United States
Cirsium rivulare: of central and southwestern Europe
Cistus albidus: compact white pubescent shrub of southwestern Europe having pink flowers
Cistus ladanifer: shrub having white flowers and viscid stems and leaves yielding a fragrant oleoresin used in perfumes especially as a fixative
Citroncirus webberi: more aromatic and acidic than oranges
citronwood: wood of a citron tree
citronwood: durable fragrant wood; used in building (as in the roof of the cathedral at Cordova, Spain)
Citrullus vulgaris: an African melon
Citrus aurantifolia: any of various related trees bearing limes
Citrus aurantium: any of various common orange trees yielding sour or bitter fruit; used as grafting stock
Citrus bergamia: small tree with pear-shaped fruit whose oil is used in perfumery; Italy
Citrus decumana: southeastern Asian tree producing large fruits resembling grapefruits
Citrus limetta: lemon tree having fruit with a somewhat insipid sweetish pulp
Citrus limon: a small evergreen tree that originated in Asia but is widely cultivated for its fruit
Citrus limonia: hybrid between mandarin orange and lemon having very acid fruit with orange peel
Citrus medica: thorny evergreen small tree or shrub of India widely cultivated for its large lemonlike fruits that have thick warty rind
Citrus nobilis: large citrus tree having large sweet deep orange fruit that is easily peeled; widely cultivated in Florida
Citrus paradisi: citrus tree bearing large round edible fruit having a thick yellow rind and juicy somewhat acid pulp
Citrus reticulata: shrub or small tree having flattened globose fruit with very sweet aromatic pulp and thin yellow-orange to flame-orange rind that is loose and easily removed; native to southeastern Asia
Citrus sinensis: probably native to southern China; widely cultivated as source of table and juice oranges
Citrus tangelo: hybrid between grapefruit and mandarin orange; cultivated especially in Florida
citrus: any of numerous tropical usually thorny evergreen trees of the genus Citrus having leathery evergreen leaves and widely cultivated for their juicy edible fruits having leathery aromatic rinds
cladode: a flattened stem resembling and functioning as a leaf
Cladonia rangiferina: an erect greyish branching lichen of Arctic and even some north temperate regions constituting the chief food for reindeer and caribou and sometimes being eaten by humans
Cladrastis kentukea: small handsome roundheaded deciduous tree having showy white flowers in terminal clusters and heavy hardwood yielding yellow dye
class Acrasiomycetes: cellular slime molds; in some classifications placed in kingdom Protoctista
class Anthoceropsida: hornworts: in some classification systems included in the class Hepaticopsida
class Ascomycetes: large class of higher fungi coextensive with division Ascomycota: sac fungi
class Basidiomycetes: large class of higher fungi coextensive with subdivision Basidiomycota
class Bryopsida: true mosses: bryophytes having leafy rather than thalloid gametophytes: comprises orders Andreaeales; Bryales; Dicranales; Eubryales; Sphagnales
class Chytridiomycetes: a class of mostly aquatic fungi; saprophytic or parasitic on algae or fungi or plants
class Deuteromycetes: form class; coextensive with subdivision Deuteromycota
class Dicotyledones: comprising seed plants that produce an embryo with paired cotyledons and net-veined leaves; divided into six (not always well distinguished) subclasses (or superorders): Magnoliidae and Hamamelidae (considered primitive); Caryophyllidae (an early and distinctive offshoot); and three more or less advanced groups: Dilleniidae; Rosidae; Asteridae
class Eumycetes: category used in some classifications: coextensive with division Eumycota
class Filicopsida: ferns
class Gasteromycetes: fungi in which the hymenium is enclosed until after spores have matured: puffballs; earth stars; stinkhorn fungi
class Hemiascomycetes: class of fungi in which no ascocarps are formed: yeasts and some plant parasites
class Hepaticopsida: liverworts: comprises orders Anthocerotales; Jungermanniales; Marchantiales; Sphaerocarpales
class Hymenomycetes: used in some classifications; usually coextensive with order Agaricales: mushrooms; toadstools; agarics; bracket fungi
class Lycopodiate: club mosses and related forms: includes Lycopodiales; Isoetales; Selaginellales; and extinct Lepidodendrales; sometimes considered a subdivision of Tracheophyta
class Lycopodineae: alternative designation for the class Lycopsida
class Monocotyledonae: comprising seed plants that produce an embryo with a single cotyledon and parallel-veined leaves: includes grasses and lilies and palms and orchids; divided into four subclasses or superorders: Alismatidae; Arecidae; Commelinidae; and Liliidae
class Myxomycetes: the class of true slime molds; essentially equivalent to the division Myxomycota
class Oomycetes: nonphotosynthetic fungi that resemble algae and that reproduce by forming oospores; sometimes classified as protoctists
class Plectomycetes: class of fungi in which the fruiting body is a cleistothecium (it releases spores only on decay or disintegration)
class Psilotatae: whisk ferns; comprising the family Psilotaceae or Psilotatae: vascular plants with no roots, partial if any leaf differentiation, and rudimentary spore sacs
class Pteridospermopsida: extinct gymnosperms most of Carboniferous to Jurassic: seed ferns and allies
class Pyrenomycetes: class of fungi in which the fruiting body is a perithecium; includes powdery mildews and ergot and Neurospora
class Sphenopsida: horsetails and related forms
class Tiliomycetes: category used in some systems to comprise the two orders Ustilaginales (smuts) and Uredinales (rusts)
class Zygomycetes: class of fungi coextensive with subdivision Zygomycota
Clatonia lanceolata: small slender plant having one pair of succulent leaves at the middle of the stem and a loose raceme of white or pink or rose bowl-shaped flowers and an edible corm
Claviceps purpurea: a fungus that infects various cereal plants forming compact black masses of branching filaments that replace many grains of the plant; source of medicinally important alkaloids and of lysergic acid
Clavicipitaceae: any of various mushrooms of the class Ascomycetes
Cleistes divaricata: orchid of northeastern United States with magenta-pink flowers having funnel-shaped lip; sometimes placed in genus Pogonia
Cleistes rosea: orchid of central and northern South America having 1- to 3-blossomed racemes of large showy rose-colored flowers; sometimes placed in genus Pogonia
cleistocarp: closed spore-bearing structure of some fungi (especially Aspergillaceae and Erysiphaceae) from which spores are released only by decay or disintegration
clematis: any of various ornamental climbing plants of the genus Clematis usually having showy flowers
Clematis baldwinii: erect clematis of Florida having pink to purple flowers
Clematis crispa: climber of southern United States having bluish-purple flowers
Clematis lasiantha: clematis of California
Clematis ochreleuca: shrubby clematis of the eastern United States having curly foliage
Clematis tangutica: Chinese clematis with serrate leaves and large yellow flowers
Clematis texensis: woody vine of Texas having showy solitary nodding scarlet flowers
Clematis versicolor: woody vine of the southern United States having purple or blue flowers with leathery recurved sepals
Clematis verticillaris: climber of northeastern North America having waxy purplish-blue flowers
Clematis viorna: scandent subshrub of southeastern United States having large red-purple bell-shaped flowers with leathery recurved sepals
Clematis virginiana: common climber of eastern North America that sprawls over other plants and bears numerous panicles of small creamy white flowers
Clematis vitalba: vigorous deciduous climber of Europe to Afghanistan and Lebanon having panicles of fragrant green-white flowers in summer and autumn
clementine: a variety of mandarin orange that is grown around the Mediterranean and in South Africa
Cleome hassleriana: native to South America but naturalized in warm parts of United States; grown for its long-lasting spider-shaped white to pink-purple flowers
cleome: any of various often strong-smelling plants of the genus Cleome having showy spider-shaped flowers
Clethra alnifolia: shrub of eastern and southern coastal United States having beautiful racemes of spice-scented white flowers
Clianthus puniceus: evergreen shrub with scarlet to white clawlike or beaklike flowers; New Zealand
Clianthus speciosus: sprawling shrubby perennial noted for its scarlet black-marked flowers; widely distributed in dry parts of Australia
clianthus: any of various shrubs or vines of the genus Clianthus having compound leaves and pea-like red flowers in drooping racemes
cliff brake: any of several small lithophytic ferns of tropical and warm temperate regions
Cliftonia monophylla: tree of low-lying coastal areas of southeastern United States having glossy leaves and racemes of fragrant white flowers
climber: a vine or climbing plant that readily grows up a support or over other plants
climbing fern: any of several ferns of the genus Lygodium that climb by twining
Clinopodium grandiflorum: aromatic herb with large pink flowers; southern and southeastern Europe; Anatolia; northern Iran
Clinopodium vulgare: aromatic herb having heads of small pink or whitish flowers; widely distributed in United States, Europe and Asia
Clinton's lily: any temperate liliaceous plant of the genus Clintonia having broad basal leaves and white or yellowish or purplish flowers followed by blue or black berries
Clintonia andrewsiana: plant with nearly leafless stalk topped by a cluster of red or reddish lavender flowers; California to Oregon
Clintonia borealis: common woodland herb of temperate North America having yellow nodding flowers and small round blue fruits
Clintonia uniflora: plant with 1 or 2 white starlike flowers on short leafless stalks; Alaska to California and east to Oregon and Montana
Clitocybe clavipes: an agaric with a flat cap that is greyish or yellowish brown with pallid gills and a stalk that bulges toward the base
Clitocybe dealbata: a small poisonous agaric; has a dry white cap with crowded gills and a short stalk
Clitocybe inornata: a fungus with a cap that is creamy grey when young and turns brown with age and a whitish stalk that stains yellow when handled
Clitocybe nuda: edible agaric that is pale lilac when young; has a smooth moist cap
Clitocybe robusta: a large white agaric; edible but not palatable
Clitocybe subconnexa: an edible white agaric that fruits in dense clusters; the gills are narrow and crowded and the stalk is fleshy and unpolished
Clitoria mariana: large-flowered wild twining vine of southeastern and central United States having pale blue flowers
Clitoria turnatea: vine of tropical Asia having pinnate leaves and bright blue flowers with yellow centers
clove: aromatic flower bud of a clove tree; yields a spice
clover fern: any of several water ferns of the genus Marsilea having four leaflets
clover: a plant of the genus Trifolium
club fungus: a club-shaped coral fungus
club moss: primitive evergreen moss-like plant with spores in club-shaped strobiles
clusia: an aromatic tree of the genus Clusia having large white or yellow or pink flowers
Clusia flava: a West Indies clusia having fig-shaped fruit
Clusia insignis: epiphytic clusia of British Guiana
Clusia rosea: a common tropical American clusia having solitary white or rose flowers
Cnicus benedictus: annual of Mediterranean to Portugal having hairy stems and minutely spiny-toothed leaves and large heads of yellow flowers
Cocculus carolinus: woody vine of southeastern United States resembling the common moonseed but having red fruits
Cochlearia officinalis: a widely distributed Arctic cress reputed to have value in treatment or prevention of scurvy; a concentrated source of vitamin C
cocklebur: any coarse weed of the genus Xanthium having spiny burrs
Cocos nucifera: tall palm tree bearing coconuts as fruits; widely planted throughout the tropics
cocoswood: wood of the granadilla tree used for making musical instruments especially clarinets
cocoyam: edible starchy tuberous root of taro plants
cod: the vessel that contains the seeds of a plant (not the seeds themselves)
Codariocalyx motorius: erect tropical Asian shrub whose small lateral leaflets rotate on their axes and jerk up and down under the influence of sunshine
Codiaeum variegatum: grown in many varieties for their brightly colored foliage; widely cultivated as a houseplant
Coeloglossum bracteatum: orchid with broad ovate leaves and long-bracted green very irregular flowers
Coeloglossum viride: orchid having hooded long-bracted green to yellow-green flowers suffused with purple
coelogyne: any of various orchids of the genus Coelogyne with: clusters of fragrant lacy snow-white flowers; salmon-pink solitary flowers; chainlike racemes of topaz and chocolate brown flowers; spikes of delicate white spice-scented flowers; emerald green flowers marked with blue-black
Coffea arabica: shrubby tree of northeastern tropical Africa widely cultivated in tropical or near tropical regions for its seed which form most of the commercial coffee
Coffea canephora: native to West Africa but grown in Java and elsewhere; resistant to coffee rust
coffee: any of several small trees and shrubs native to the tropical Old World yielding coffee beans
cohune fat: semisolid fat from nuts of the cohune palm; used in cooking and soap making
cohune nut: nut of the cohune palm having hard white shells like those of ivory nuts
coir: stiff coarse fiber from the outer husk of a coconut
Cola acuminata: tree bearing large brown nuts containing e.g. caffeine; source of cola extract
cola nut: bitter brown seed containing caffein; source of cola extract
Colchicum autumnale: bulbous autumn-flowering herb with white, purple or lavender-and-white flowers; native to western and central Europe
coleus: any of various Old World tropical plants of the genus Coleus having multicolored decorative leaves and spikes of blue flowers
colic root: any of several perennials of the genus Aletris having grasslike leaves and bitter roots reputed to cure colic
collard: variety of kale having smooth leaves
Collinsia heterophylla: white and lavender to pale-blue flowers grow in perfect rings of widely spaced bands around the stems forming a kind of pagoda; California
Collinsia verna: eastern United States plant with whorls of blue-and-white flowers
Collinsonia canadensis: erect perennial strong-scented with serrate pointed leaves and a loose panicle of yellowish flowers; the eastern United States
Colocasia esculenta: herb of the Pacific islands grown throughout the tropics for its edible root and in temperate areas as an ornamental for its large glossy leaves
Colorado blue spruce: tall spruce with blue-green needles and dense conic crown; older trees become columnar with lower branches sweeping downward
Colorado four o'clock: wildflower having vibrant deep pink tubular evening-blooming flowers; found in sandy and desert areas from southern California to southern Colorado and into Mexico
Colorado River hemp: tall-growing annual of southwestern United States widely grown as green manure; yields a strong tough bast fiber formerly used by Indians for cordage
Columbia tiger lily: lily of western North America with showy orange-red purple-spotted flowers
columnea: tropical plant having thick hairy somewhat toothed leaves and solitary or clustered yellow to scarlet flowers; many cultivated for their flowers and ornamental foliage
Colutea arborescens: yellow-flowered European shrub cultivated for its succession of yellow flowers and very inflated bladdery pods and as a source of wildlife food
colza oil: edible light yellow to brown oil from rapeseed used also as a lubricant or illuminant
coma: (botany) a usually terminal tuft of bracts (as in the pineapple) or tuft of hairs (especially on certain seeds)
Comandra pallida: woody creeping parasite of western North America having numerous thick powdery leaves and panicles of small dull-white flowers
combretum: any of numerous shrubs or small trees of the genus Combretum having spikes of small flowers
Combretum appiculatum: small deciduous tree of the Transvaal having spikes of yellow flowers
Combretum bracteosum: ornamental African shrub or climber with red flowers
Combretum erythrophyllum: small South African tree having creamy yellow fragrant flowers usually growing on stream banks
comfrey: perennial herbs of Europe and Iran; make rapidly growing groundcover for shaded areas
commelina: any plant of the genus Commelina
Commiphora meccanensis: small evergreen tree of Africa and Asia; leaves have a strong aromatic odor when bruised
Commiphora myrrha: tree of eastern Africa and Asia yielding myrrh
common arrowhead: a weed
common European ash: tall ash of Europe to the Caucasus having leaves shiny dark-green above and pale downy beneath
common European dogwood: European deciduous shrub turning red in autumn having dull white flowers
common winterberry holly: a holly shrub
compass flower: any of several plants having leaves so arranged on the axis as to indicate the cardinal points of the compass
composite: considered the most highly evolved dicotyledonous plants, characterized by florets arranged in dense heads that resemble single flowers
compound leaf: a leaf composed of a number of leaflets on a common stalk
compound pistil: consists of two or more fused carpels
Comptonia asplenifolia: deciduous shrub of eastern North America with sweet scented fernlike leaves and tiny white flowers
cone: cone-shaped mass of ovule- or spore-bearing scales or bracts
coneflower: a wildflower of the genus Ratibida
coneflower: any of various plants of the genus Rudbeckia cultivated for their large usually yellow daisies with prominent central cones
coneflower: any of various perennials of the eastern United States having thick rough leaves and long-stalked showy flowers with drooping rays and a conelike center
Confederate rose mallow: Chinese shrub or small tree having white or pink flowers becoming deep red at night; widely cultivated; naturalized in southeastern United States
conidiophore: a specialized fungal hypha that produces conidia
conidiospore: an asexually produced fungal spore formed on a conidiophore
conifer: any gymnospermous tree or shrub bearing cones
Coniogramme japonica: fast-growing sturdy Japanese fern; cultivated for their attractive broad dark-green pinnate fronds
Conium maculatum: large branching biennial herb native to Eurasia and Africa and adventive in North America having large fernlike leaves and white flowers; usually found in damp habitats; all parts extremely poisonous
Connarus guianensis: tropical American and east African tree with strikingly marked hardwood used in cabinetwork
Conocarpus erectus: evergreen tree or shrub with fruit resembling buttons and yielding heavy hard compact wood
Conoclinium coelestinum: rhizomatous plant of central and southeastern United States and West Indies having large showy heads of clear blue flowers; sometimes placed in genus Eupatorium
Conopodium denudatum: a common European plant having edible tubers with the flavor of roasted chestnuts
Convallaria majalis: low-growing perennial plant having usually two large oblong lanceolate leaves and a raceme of small fragrant nodding bell-shaped flowers followed by scarlet berries
convolvulus: any of numerous plants of the genus Convolvulus
Convolvulus arvensis: weakly climbing European perennial with white or pink flowers; naturalized in North America and an invasive weed
Convolvulus scammonia: twining plant of Asia Minor having cream-colored to purple flowers and long thick roots yielding a cathartic resin
Convolvulus sepium: common Eurasian and American wild climber with pink flowers; sometimes placed in genus Convolvulus
Copernicia australis: South American palm yielding a wax similar to carnauba wax
Copernicia prunifera: Brazilian fan palm having an edible root; source of a useful leaf fiber and a brittle yellowish wax
Coprinus atramentarius: having a cap that melts into an inky fluid after spores have matured
Coprinus comatus: common edible mushroom having an elongated shaggy white cap and black spores
Coptis trifolia groenlandica: low-growing perennial of North America woodlands having trifoliate leaves and yellow rootstock and white flowers
coquilla nut: nut having a hard hazel-brown shell used like vegetable ivory
coral fungus: any of numerous fungi of the family Clavariaceae often brightly colored that grow in often intricately branched clusters like coral
coral pea: any of various Australian climbing plants of the genus Kennedia having scarlet flowers
coral root: a wildflower of the genus Corallorhiza growing from a hard mass of rhizomes associated with a fungus that aids in absorbing nutrients from the forest floor
coral tree: any of various shrubs or shrubby trees of the genus Erythrina having trifoliate leaves and racemes of scarlet to coral red flowers and black seeds; cultivated as an ornamental
Corallorhiza maculata: common coral root having yellowish- or reddish- or purplish-brown leafless stems bearing loose racemes of similarly colored flowers with white purple-spotted lips; Guatemala to Canada
Corallorhiza striata: nearly leafless wildflower with erect reddish-purple stems bearing racemes of pale pinkish and brownish-striped flowers; western Canada to Mexico
Corallorhiza trifida: plant having clumps of nearly leafless pale yellowish to greenish stems bearing similarly colored flowers with white lower lips; northern New Mexico north through South Dakota and Washington to Alaska
corchorus: any of various plants of the genus Corchorus having large leaves and cymose clusters of yellow flowers; a source of jute
cord grass: any of several perennial grasses of the genus Spartina; some important as coastal soil binders
cordate leaf: a heart-shaped leaf
Cordia alliodora: large tropical American tree of the genus Cordia grown for its abundant creamy white flowers and valuable wood
Cordia gerascanthus: tropical American timber tree
Cordyline australis: elegant tree having either a single trunk or a branching trunk each with terminal clusters of long narrow leaves and large panicles of fragrant white, yellow or red flowers; New Zealand
Cordyline terminalis: shrub with terminal tufts of elongated leaves used locally for thatching and clothing; thick sweet roots are used as food; tropical southeastern Asia, Australia and Hawaii
Coreopsis gigantea: large treelike shrub having feathery leaves and clusters of large yellow flower heads; coastal southern California
Coreopsis maritima: stout herb with flowers one to a stalk; ornamental developed from a Mexican wildflower
Coreopsis tinctoria: North American annual widely cultivated for its yellow flowers with purple-red to brownish centers; in some classifications placed in a subgenus Calliopsis
coreopsis: any of numerous plants of the genus Coreopsis having a profusion of showy usually yellow daisylike flowers over long periods; North and South America
Coriandrum sativum: Old World herb with aromatic leaves and seed resembling parsley
corm: solid swollen underground bulb-shaped stem or stem base and serving as a reproductive structure
cormous plant: plant growing from a corm
corn: (Great Britain) any of various cereal plants (especially the dominant crop of the region--wheat in Great Britain or oats in Scotland and Ireland)
corn: the dried grains or kernels or corn used as animal feed or ground for meal
corn lily: any of several South African plants of the genus Ixia having grasslike leaves and clusters of showy variously colored lily-like flowers; widely cultivated
corn salad: a plant of the genus Valerianella
corn silk: each of the long filamentous styles that grow as a silky tuft at the tip of an ear of Indian corn
corn smut: a smut fungus attacking Indian corn
corn stalk: the stalk of a corn plant
cornel: a tree of shrub of the genus Cornus often having showy bracts resembling flowers
cornhusk: the husk of an ear of corn
Cornish heath: bushy shrub having pink to white flowers; common on the moors of Cornwall and in southwestern Europe; cultivated elsewhere
Cornus amomum: shrub of eastern North America having purplish stems and blue fruit
Cornus canadensis: creeping perennial herb distinguished by red berries and clustered leaf whorls at the tips of shoots; Greenland to Alaska
Cornus florida: deciduous tree; celebrated for its large white or pink bracts and stunning autumn color that is followed by red berries
Cornus mas: deciduous European shrub or small tree having bright red fruit
Cornus obliqua: shrub of eastern North America closely resembling silky cornel
Cornus stolonifera: common North American shrub with reddish purple twigs and white flowers
corolla: (botany) the whorl of petals of a flower that collectively form an inner floral envelope or layer of the perianth
corona: (botany) the trumpet-shaped or cup-shaped outgrowth of the corolla of a daffodil or narcissus flower
coronilla: any of various plants of the genus Coronilla having purple or pink or yellow flowers in long axillary heads or umbels
Coronilla varia: European herb resembling vetch; naturalized in the eastern United States; having umbels of pink-and-white flowers and sharp-angled pods
corozo: any of several tropical American palms bearing corozo nuts
Cortaderia richardii: tall grass of New Zealand grown for plumelike flower heads
Cortaderia selloana: tall perennial grass of pampas of South America having silvery plumes and growing in large dense clumps
Corticium salmonicolor: fungus causing pink disease in citrus and coffee and rubber trees etc
Corticium solani: fungus causing bottom rot in lettuce
cortina: a cobwebby partial veil consisting of silky fibrils
Cortinarius armillatus: a fungus with large tawny caps and pale cinnamon gills and a red band of veil around the stalk; usually found near birch trees
Cortinarius atkinsonianus: an edible fungus with a slimy viscid cap that is initially yellow but turns olive and then tawny; flesh is lavender
Cortinarius corrugatus: a fungus with a viscid wrinkled tawny cap; the stalk has a basal bulb that diminishes as the stalk elongates; the gills are dark violet at first but soon turn brown
Cortinarius gentilis: a poisonous fungus with a bright yellow brown cap and a long cinnamon colored stalk
Cortinarius semisanguineus: a fungus with a dry brown cap and rusty red gills and a yellowish stalk
Cortinarius subfoetidus: a fungus with a sticky lavender cap and stalk that whitish above and covered with a silky lavender sheath
Cortinarius violaceus: a fungus that is violet overall with a squamulose cap
corydalis: a plant of the genus Corydalis with beautiful compound foliage and spurred tubular flowers
Corydalis claviculata: annual vine with decompound leaves and racemes of yellow and pink flowers
Corydalis sempervirens: glaucous herb of northeastern United States and Canada having loose racemes of yellow-tipped pink flowers; sometimes placed in genus Fumaria
Corydalis solida: herb of northern Europe and Asia having erect racemes of red flowers
Corylus americana: nut-bearing shrub of eastern North America
Corylus avellana grandis: small nut-bearing tree much grown in Europe
Corylus cornuta: hazel of western United States with conspicuous beaklike involucres on the nuts
corymb: flat-topped or convex inflorescence in which the individual flower stalks grow upward from various points on the main stem to approximately the same height; outer flowers open first
Corypha gebanga: large-leaved palm of Malay to Philippines and northern Australia; leaves used for thatching or plaiting into containers
Corypha umbraculifera: tall palm of southern India and Sri Lanka with gigantic leaves used as umbrellas and fans or cut into strips for writing paper
coryphantha: a cactus of the genus Coryphantha
cosmea: any of various mostly Mexican herbs of the genus Cosmos having radiate heads of variously colored flowers and pinnate leaves; popular fall-blooming annuals
Cotinus americanus: shrubby tree of southern United States having large plumes of feathery flowers resembling puffs of smoke
Cotinus coggygria: Old World shrub having large plumes of yellowish feathery flowers resembling puffs of smoke
cotoneaster: any shrub of the genus Cotoneaster: erect or creeping shrubs having richly colored autumn foliage and many small white to pinkish flowers followed by tiny red or black fruits
Cotoneaster dammeri: climbing evergreen shrub with white flowers and red berries; often used as ground cover
Cotoneaster horizontalis: deciduous flat-growing shrub with a fanned herringbone pattern and having reddish flowers and orange-red berries; used as a ground cover
cottage tulip: any of several long-stemmed tulips that flower in May; have egg-shaped variously colored flowers
cotton grass: any sedge of the genus Eriophorum; north temperate bog plants with tufted spikes
cotton rose: any plant of the genus Filago having capitate clusters of small woolly flower heads
cotton: erect bushy mallow plant or small tree bearing bolls containing seeds with many long hairy fibers
cottonseed: seed of cotton plants; source of cottonseed oil
cottonweed: any of various plants of the genus Froelichia found in sandy soils and on rocky slopes in warmer regions of America; grown for their spikes of woolly white flowers
cottonwood: any of several North American trees of the genus Populus having a tuft of cottony hairs on the seed
Cotula coronopifolia: South African herb with golden-yellow globose flower heads; naturalized in moist areas along coast of California; cultivated as an ornamental
cotyledon: embryonic leaf in seed-bearing plants
coumara nut: fragrant black nutlike seeds of the tonka bean tree; used in perfumes and medicines and as a substitute for vanilla
Coumarouna odorata: tall tropical South American tree having pulpy egg-shaped pods of fragrant black almond-shaped seeds used for flavoring
courbaril copal: resin from the courbaril tree
courgette: marrow squash plant whose fruit are eaten when small
cover crop: crop planted to prevent soil erosion and provide green manure
covered smut: a smut fungus causing a smut disease of grains in which the spore masses are covered or held together by the grain membranes
cowage: pods of the cowage plant or the stinging hairs covering them; used as a vermifuge when mixed with e.g. honey
crab apple: any of numerous varieties of crab apples cultivated for their small acidic (usually bright red) fruit used for preserves or as ornamentals for their blossoms
crab apple: any of numerous wild apple trees usually with small acidic fruit
crab grass: grasses with creeping stems that root freely; a pest in lawns
Crambe maritima: perennial of coastal sands and shingles of northern Europe and Baltic and Black Seas having racemes of small white flowers and large fleshy blue-green leaves often used as potherbs
cranberry: any of numerous shrubs of genus Vaccinium bearing cranberries
crane's bill: any of numerous geraniums of the genus Geranium
Crataegus aestivalis: hawthorn of southern United States bearing a juicy, acidic, scarlet fruit that is often used in jellies or preserves
Crataegus biltmoreana: common shrub or small tree of the eastern United States having few thorns and white flowers in corymbs followed by bright orange-red berries
Crataegus calpodendron: erect and almost thornless American hawthorn with somewhat pear-shaped berries
Crataegus coccinea mollis: American red-fruited hawthorn with stems and leaves densely covered with short woolly hairs
Crataegus crus-galli: eastern United States hawthorn with long straight thorns
Crataegus marshallii: southern United States hawthorn with pinnately lobed leaves
Crataegus monogyna: European hawthorn having deeply cleft leaves and bright red fruits; widely cultivated in many varieties and often grown as impenetrable hedges; established as an escape in eastern North America
Crataegus oxyacantha: evergreen hawthorn of southeastern Europe
Crataegus oxycantha: thorny Eurasian shrub of small tree having dense clusters of white to scarlet flowers followed by deep red berries; established as an escape in eastern North America
Crataegus pedicellata: American red-fruited hawthorn with dense corymbs of pink-red flowers
crazy weed: any of several leguminous plants of western North America causing locoism in livestock
creeper: any plant (as ivy or periwinkle) that grows by creeping
creeping St John's wort: creeping evergreen shrub with bright yellow star-shaped summer flowers; useful as ground cover
crenate leaf: a leaf having a scalloped margin
Crescentia cujete: tropical American evergreen that produces large round gourds
cress: any of various plants of the family Cruciferae with edible leaves that have a pungent taste
crocus: any of numerous low-growing plants of the genus Crocus having slender grasslike leaves and white or yellow or purple flowers; native chiefly to the Mediterranean region but widely cultivated
Crocus sativus: Old World crocus having purple or white flowers with aromatic pungent orange stigmas used in flavoring food
Cronartium ribicola: fungus causing white pine blister rust and having a complex life cycle requiring a plant of genus Ribes as alternate host
crooked-stemmed aster: a variety of aster
crop: a cultivated plant that is grown commercially on a large scale
crop: the yield from plants in a single growing season
crotal: any of several lichens of the genus Parmelia from which reddish brown or purple dyes are made
Crotalaria sagitallis: tropical American annual herb having an inflated pod in which the ripe seeds rattle
Crotalaria spectabilis: erect subshrub having purple-tinted flowers and an inflated pod in which the ripe seeds rattle; India
crotalaria: any of various plants of the genus Crotalaria having inflated pods within which the seeds rattle; used for pasture and green-manure crops
Croton eluteria: West Indian shrub with aromatic bark
croton oil: viscid acrid brownish-yellow oil from the seeds of Croton tiglium having a violent cathartic action
Croton tiglium: tropical Asiatic shrub; source of croton oil
crowberry: a low evergreen shrub with small purple flowers and black berrylike fruit
crown beard: any plant of the genus Verbesina having clustered white or yellow flower heads
crown: the upper branches and leaves of a tree or other plant
crucifer: any of various plants of the family Cruciferae
crustose thallus: thin crusty lichen thallus; adheres closely to or is embedded in the surface on which it grows
cryptocoryne: any plant of the genus Cryptocoryne; evergreen perennials growing in fresh or brackish water; tropical Asia
cryptogam: formerly recognized taxonomic group including all flowerless and seedless plants that reproduce by means of spores: ferns, mosses, algae, fungi
Cryptogamia: in former classification systems: one of two major plant divisions, including all plants that do not bear seeds: ferns, mosses, algae, fungi
Cryptogramma acrostichoides: rock-inhabiting fern of northern North America growing in massive tufts and having fronds resembling parsley
Cryptomeria japonica: tall evergreen of Japan and China yielding valuable soft wood
cube: any of several tropical American woody plants of the genus Lonchocarpus whose roots are used locally as a fish poison and commercially as a source of rotenone
cubeb: spicy fruit of the cubeb vine; when dried and crushed is used medicinally or in perfumery and sometimes smoked in cigarettes
Cucumis melo: any of several varieties of vine whose fruit has a netted rind and edible flesh and a musky smell
Cucumis melo cantalupensis: a variety of muskmelon vine having fruit with a tan rind and orange flesh
Cucumis melo inodorus: any of a variety of muskmelon vines having fruit with a smooth white rind and white or greenish flesh that does not have a musky smell
Cucumis melo reticulatus: a muskmelon vine with fruit that has a thin reticulated rind and sweet green flesh
Cucumis sativus: a melon vine of the genus Cucumis; cultivated from earliest times for its cylindrical green fruit
cucurbit: any plant of the family Cucurbitaceae
Cucurbita argyrosperma: plant bearing squash having globose to ovoid fruit with variously striped grey and green and white warty rinds
Cucurbita foetidissima: perennial vine of dry parts of central and southwestern United States and Mexico having small hard mottled green inedible fruit
Cucurbita maxima: plant bearing buff-colored squash having somewhat bottle-shaped fruit with fine-textured edible flesh and a smooth thin rind
Cucurbita maxima: any of several winter squash plants producing large greyish-green football-shaped fruit with a rough warty rind
Cucurbita maxima turbaniformis: squash plants bearing hard-shelled fruit shaped somewhat like a turban with a rounded central portion protruding from the end opposite the stem
Cucurbita moschata: any of various plants bearing squash having hard rinds and elongated recurved necks
Cucurbita pepo: a coarse vine widely cultivated for its large pulpy round orange fruit with firm orange skin and numerous seeds; subspecies of Cucurbita pepo include the summer squashes and a few autumn squashes
Cucurbita pepo melopepo: any of various usually bushy plants producing fruit that is eaten while immature and before the rind or seeds harden
cudweed: any of numerous plants of the genus Gnaphalium having flowers that can be dried without loss of form or color
Culcita dubia: resembles Pteridium aquilinum; of Queensland, Australia
culm: stem of plants of the Gramineae
cultivar: a variety of a plant developed from a natural species and maintained under cultivation
cultivated parsnip: European biennial having a long fusiform root that has been made palatable through cultivation
cultivated plant: plants that are grown for their produce
Cuminum cyminum: dwarf Mediterranean annual long cultivated for its aromatic seeds
cumquat: any of several trees or shrubs of the genus Fortunella bearing small orange-colored edible fruits with thick sweet-flavored skin and sour pulp
cuneate leaf: a wedge-shaped leaf having the acute angle at the base
cup: cup-shaped plant organ
cup fungus: any fungus that is a member of the subclass Discomycetes
cupflower: any of various plants of the genus Nierembergia having upturned bell-shaped flowers
Cupressus arizonica: Arizona timber tree with bluish silvery foliage
Cupressus goveniana: small sometimes shrubby tree native to California; often used as an ornamental; in some classification systems includes the pygmy cypress and the Santa Cruz cypress
Cupressus goveniana abramsiana: rare California cypress taller than but closely related to gowen cypress and sometimes considered the same species
Cupressus goveniana pigmaea: rare small cypress native to northern California; sometimes considered the same species as gowen cypress
Cupressus guadalupensis: relatively low wide-spreading endemic on Guadalupe Island; cultivated for its bluish foliage
Cupressus lusitanica: tall spreading evergreen found in Mexico having drooping branches; believed to have been introduced into Portugal from Goa
Cupressus macrocarpa: tall California cypress endemic on Monterey Bay; widely used for ornament as well as reforestation and shelterbelt planting
Cupressus sempervirens: tall Eurasian cypress with thin grey bark and ascending branches
Curcuma domestica: widely cultivated tropical plant of India having yellow flowers and a large aromatic deep yellow rhizome; source of a condiment and a yellow dye
currant: any of various deciduous shrubs of the genus Ribes bearing currants
Cuscuta gronovii: leafless parasitic vine with dense clusters of small white bell-shaped flowers on orange-yellow stems that twine around clover or flax
custard apple: any of several tropical American trees bearing fruit with soft edible pulp
cutch: tannin extract derived from any of several mangrove barks of Pacific areas
cutting: a part (sometimes a root or leaf or bud) removed from a plant to propagate a new plant through rooting or grafting
Cyamopsis tetragonolobus: drought-tolerant herb grown for forage and for its seed which yield a gum used as a thickening agent or sizing material
Cyathea medullaris: a showy tree fern of New Zealand and Australia having a crown of pinnated fronds with whitish undersides
cycad: any tropical gymnosperm of the order Cycadales; having unbranched stems with a crown of fernlike leaves
Cycas circinalis: southeastern Indian cycad with palmlike foliage
Cycas revoluta: dwarf palmlike cycad of Japan that yields sago
Cyclamen neopolitanum: common wild European cyclamen with pink flowers
Cyclamen purpurascens: Mediterranean plant widely cultivated as a houseplant for its showy dark green leaves splotched with silver and nodding white or pink to reddish flowers with reflexed petals
Cycloloma atriplicifolium: bushy annual weed of central North America having greenish flowers and winged seeds
Cyclophorus lingua: east Asian fern having fronds shaped like tongues; sometimes placed in genus Cyclophorus
Cydonia oblonga: small Asian tree with pinkish flowers and pear-shaped fruit; widely cultivated
cymbid: any of various plants of the genus Cymbidium having narrow leaves and a long drooping cluster of numerous showy and variously colored boat-shaped flowers; extensively hybridized and cultivated as houseplants and important florists' flowers
cyme: more or less flat-topped cluster of flowers in which the central or terminal flower opens first
cymling: squash plant having flattened round fruit with a scalloped edge; usually greenish white
cymule: a small cyme, generally with few flowers
cynancum: any of various mostly giant tropical lianas of Africa and Madagascar having greenish or purple flowers and long smooth pods; roots formerly used as an emetic
Cynara cardunculus: southern European plant having spiny leaves and purple flowers cultivated for its edible leafstalks and roots
Cynara scolymus: Mediterranean thistlelike plant widely cultivated for its large edible flower head
Cynodon dactylon: trailing grass native to Europe now cosmopolitan in warm regions; used for lawns and pastures especially in southern United States and India
Cynodon plectostachyum: perennial grass having stems 3 to 4 feet high; used especially in Africa and India for pasture and hay
Cynoglossum officinale: biennial shrub of Europe and western Asia having coarse tongue-shaped leaves and dark reddish-purple flowers
Cynoglossum virginaticum: perennial shrub of North America having coarse tongue-shaped leaves and pale-blue to purple flowers
Cyperus alternifolius: African sedge widely cultivated as an ornamental water plant for its terminal umbrellalike cluster of slender grasslike leaves
Cyperus esculentus: European sedge having small edible nutlike tubers
Cyperus longus: European sedge having rough-edged leaves and spikelets of reddish flowers and aromatic roots
Cyperus rotundus: a widely distributed perennial sedge having small edible nutlike tubers
cypress: wood of any of various cypress trees especially of the genus Cupressus
cypress pine: any of several evergreen trees or shrubs of Australia and northern New Caledonia
cypress: any of numerous evergreen conifers of the genus Cupressus of north temperate regions having dark scalelike leaves and rounded cones
cypripedia: a plant or flower of the genus Cypripedium
Cypripedium acaule: once common rose pink woodland orchid of eastern North America
Cypripedium arietinum: orchid of northern North America having a brownish-green flower and red-and-white lip suggestive of a ram's head
Cypripedium calceolus pubescens: plant of eastern and central North America having slightly fragrant purple-marked greenish-yellow flowers
Cypripedium fasciculatum: clusters of several short stems each having 2 broad leaves and 2-4 drooping brownish to greenish flowers with pouches mottled with purple; British Columbia to central California and northern Colorado
Cypripedium montanum: leafy plant having a few stems in a clump with 1 white and dull purple flower in each upper leaf axil; Alaska to northern California and Wyoming
Cypripedium parviflorum: maroon to purple-brown orchid with yellow lip; Europe, North America and Japan
Cypripedium reginae: pale pink wild orchid of northeastern America having an inflated pouchlike lip
Cyrilla racemiflora: shrub or small tree of southeastern United States to West Indies and Brazil; grown for the slender racemes of white flowers and orange and crimson foliage
Cystopteris bulbifera: North American fern often bearing bulbils on the leaflets
Cystopteris fragilis: delicate fern widely distributed in North America and European having thin pinnatifid fronds with brittle stems
Cystopteris montana: fern of rocky mountainous areas of hemisphere
Cytisus multiflorus: low European broom having trifoliate leaves and yellowish-white flowers
Cytisus ramentaceus: erect shrub having large trifoliate leaves and dense clusters of yellow flowers followed by poisonous seeds; Yugoslavia; sometimes placed in genus Cytisus
Cytisus scoparius: deciduous erect spreading broom native to western Europe; widely cultivated for its rich yellow flowers
Daboecia cantabrica: low straggling evergreen shrub of western Europe represented by several varieties with flowers from white to rose-purple
Dacrycarpus dacrydioides: New Zealand evergreen valued for its light easily worked wood
Dacrydium colensoi: New Zealand silver pine of conical habit with long slender flexuous branches; adapted to cold wet summers and high altitudes
Dacrydium cupressinum: tall New Zealand timber tree
Dactylis glomerata: widely grown stout Old World hay and pasture grass
Dactyloctenium aegypticum: a creeping grass with spikes like fingers
Dactylorhiza maculata fuchsii: European orchid having lanceolate leaves spotted purple and pink to white or mauve flowers spotted or lined deep red or purple
Dahlia pinnata: any of several plants of or developed from the species Dahlia pinnata having tuberous roots and showy rayed variously colored flower heads; native to the mountains of Mexico and Central America and Colombia
daily dew: any of various bog plants of the genus Drosera having leaves covered with sticky hairs that trap and digest insects; cosmopolitan in distribution
daisy: any of numerous composite plants having flower heads with well-developed ray flowers usually arranged in a single whorl
daisy bush: any of various mostly Australian attractively shaped shrubs of the genus Olearia grown for their handsome and sometimes fragrant evergreen foliage and profusion of daisy flowers with white or purple or blue rays
Dalbergia cearensis: Brazilian tree yielding a handsome cabinet wood
Dalbergia retusa: a valuable timber tree of tropical South America
Dalbergia sissoo: East Indian tree whose leaves are used for fodder; yields a compact dark brown durable timber used in shipbuilding and making railroad ties
Dalbergia stevensonii: Central American tree yielding a valuable dark streaked rosewood
Dalea spinosa: greyish-green shrub of desert regions of southwestern United States and Mexico having sparse foliage and terminal spikes of bluish violet flowers; locally important as source of a light-colored honey of excellent flavor
Dalmatian iris: European iris having soft lilac-blue flowers
dammar pine: any of various trees of the genus Agathis; yield dammar resin
dandelion green: the foliage of the dandelion plant
daphne: any of several ornamental shrubs with shiny mostly evergreen leaves and clusters of small bell-shaped flowers
Daphne cneorum: widely cultivated low evergreen shrub with dense clusters of fragrant pink to deep rose flowers
Daphne laureola: bushy Eurasian shrub with glossy leathery oblong leaves and yellow-green flowers
darling pea: either of two Australian plants of the genus Swainsona that are poisonous to sheep
Darlingtonia californica: marsh or bog herb having solitary pendulous yellow-green flowers and somewhat twisted pitchers with broad wings below
Darwin tulip: any of several very tall, late blooming tulips bearing large squarish flowers on sturdy stems
Datura stramonium: intensely poisonous tall coarse annual tropical weed having rank-smelling foliage, large white or violet trumpet-shaped flowers and prickly fruits
Daucus carota sativa: perennial plant widely cultivated as an annual in many varieties for its long conical orange edible roots; temperate and tropical regions
daughter cell: a cell formed by the division or budding of another cell
Davalia bullata mariesii: feathery fern of tropical Asia and Malaysia
davallia: any fern of the genus Davallia; having scaly creeping rhizomes
day lily: any of numerous perennials having tuberous roots and long narrow bladelike leaves and usually yellow lily-like flowers that bloom for only a day
day lily: any of numerous perennials having mounds of sumptuous broad ribbed leaves and clusters of white, blue, or lilac flowers; used as ground cover
dayflower: any plant of the family Commelinaceae
dead nettle: any of various plants of the genus Lamium having clusters of small usually purplish flowers with two lips
deadwood: a branch or a part of a tree that is dead
death camas: any of various plants of the genus Zigadenus having glaucous leaves and terminal racemes of mostly white flowers; all are poisonous
deccan hemp: fiber from an East Indian plant Hibiscus cannabinus
deciduous holly: a holly tree
deciduous plant: a plant having foliage that is shed annually at the end of the growing season
decompound leaf: a leaf having divisions that are themselves compound
Decumaria barbata: woody climber of southeastern United States having white flowers in compound terminal clusters
deer grass: any of several plants of the genus Rhexia usually having pink-purple to magenta flowers; eastern North America
delphinium: any plant of the genus Delphinium having palmately divided leaves and showy spikes of variously colored spurred flowers; some contain extremely poisonous substances
Delphinium ajacis: commonly cultivated larkspur of southern Europe having unbranched spikelike racemes of blue or sometimes purplish or pinkish flowers; sometime placed in genus Delphinium
deltoid leaf: a simple leaf shaped like a capital delta
Dendranthema grandifloruom: of China
dendrobium: a plant of the genus Dendrobium having stems like cane and usually showy racemose flowers
Dendrocalamus giganteus: immense tropical southeast Asian bamboo with tough hollow culms that resemble tree trunks
Dennstaedtia punctilobula: fern of eastern North America with pale green fronds and an aroma like hay
dentate leaf: a leaf having a toothed margin
denticulate leaf: a leaf having a finely toothed margin; minutely dentate
derris: any of various usually woody vines of the genus Derris of tropical Asia whose roots yield the insecticide rotenone; several are sources of native fish and arrow poisons
Derris elliptica: woody vine having bright green leaves and racemes of rose-tinted white flowers; the swollen roots contain rotenone
Descurainia pinnata: North American herb with bitter-tasting pinnate leaves resembling those of tansy
desert plant: plant adapted for life with a limited supply of water; compare hydrophyte and mesophyte
Desmanthus ilinoensis: perennial herb of North American prairies having dense heads of small white flowers
Desmodium tortuosum: West Indian forage plant cultivated in southern United States as forage and to improve soil
deutzia: any of various shrubs of the genus Deutzia having usually toothed opposite leaves and shredding bark and white or pink flowers in loose terminal clusters
devil's cigar: a common name for a variety of Sarcosomataceae
devil's urn: a common name for a variety of Sarcosomataceae
dewberry: any of several trailing blackberry brambles especially of North America
dhava: an Indian tree of the family Combretaceae that is a source of timber and gum
Diangus gratianopolitanus: mat-forming perennial of central Europe with large fragrant pink or red flowers
Dianthus barbatus: Eurasian pink widely cultivated for its flat-topped dense clusters of varicolored flowers
Dianthus caryophyllus: Eurasian plant with pink to purple-red spice-scented usually double flowers; widely cultivated in many varieties and many colors
Dianthus chinensis: Chinese pink with deeply toothed rose-lilac flowers with a purplish eye; usually raised as an annual
Dianthus chinensis heddewigii: a flowering variety of China pink distinguished by jagged-edged petals
Dianthus deltoides: low-growing loosely mat-forming Eurasian pink with a single pale pink flower with a crimson center
Dianthus latifolius: much-branched pink with flowers in clusters; closely related to sweet William
Dianthus plumarius: European pink cultivated for its very fragrant pink or rosy flowers
Dianthus supurbus: Eurasian perennial pink having fragrant lilac or rose flowers with deeply fringed margins
diapensia: any boreal low-growing evergreen plant of the genus Diapensia
Dicentra canadensis: American plant with cream-colored flowers and tuberous roots resembling kernels of corn
Dicentra spectabilis: garden plant having deep-pink drooping heart-shaped flowers
Dichondra micrantha: a creeping perennial herb with hairy stems and orbicular to reniform leaves and small white to greenish flowers; used as a grass substitute in warm regions
Dicksonia antarctica: of Australia and Tasmania; often cultivated; hardy in cool climates
dicot family: family of flowering plants having two cotyledons (embryonic leaves) in the seed which usually appear at germination
dicot genus: genus of flowering plants having two cotyledons (embryonic leaves) in the seed which usually appear at germination
dicot: flowering plant with two cotyledons; the stem grows by deposit on its outside
Dictamnus alba: Eurasian perennial herb with white flowers that emit flammable vapor in hot weather
dictostylium: any slime mold of the genus Dictostylium
Dieffenbachia sequine: an evergreen plant with large showy dark green leaves; contains a poison that swells the tongue and throat hence the name
Diervilla lonicera: spreading bush of northeastern United States having small clusters of fragrant green and yellow flowers
Diervilla sessilifolia: bush honeysuckle of southeastern United States having large crowded clusters of sulfur-yellow flowers
Digitalis lutea: European yellow-flowered foxglove
Digitalis purpurea: tall leafy European biennial or perennial having spectacular clusters of large tubular pink-purple flowers; leaves yield drug digitalis and are poisonous to livestock
digitalis: any of several plants of the genus Digitalis
Digitaria ischaemum: a weed
Digitaria sanguinalis: a European forage grass grown for hay; a naturalized weed in United States
dillenia: any of several evergreen trees or shrubs of the genus Dillenia grown for their foliage and nodding flowers resembling magnolias which are followed by fruit that is used in curries and jellies and preserves
dilleniid dicot family: family of more or less advanced dicotyledonous trees and shrubs and herbs
dilleniid dicot genus: genus of more or less advanced dicotyledonous trees and shrubs and herbs
Dimocarpus longan: tree of southeastern Asia to Australia grown primarily for its sweet edible fruit resembling litchi nuts; sometimes placed in genera Euphorbia or Nephelium
Dionaea muscipula: carnivorous plant of coastal plains of the Carolinas having sensitive hinged marginally bristled leaf blades that close and entrap insects
dioon: any cycad of the genus Dioon; handsome palmlike cycads with robust crowns of leaves and rugged trunks
Dioscorea alata: grown in Australasia and Polynesia for its large root with fine edible white flesh
Dioscorea batata: hardy Chinese vine naturalized in United States and cultivated as an ornamental climber for its glossy heart-shaped cinnamon-scented leaves and in the tropics for its edible tubers
Dioscorea bulbifera: yam of tropical Africa and Asia cultivated for it large tubers
Dioscorea elephantipes: South African vine having a massive rootstock covered with deeply fissured bark
Dioscorea paniculata: having a rhizome formerly dried and used to treat rheumatism or liver disorders
Dioscorea trifida: tropical American yam with small yellow edible tubers
Diospyros ebenum: tropical tree of southern Asia having hard dark-colored heartwood used in cabinetwork
Diospyros kurzii: large Asiatic tree having hard marbled zebrawood
Diospyros lotus: an Asiatic persimmon tree cultivated for its small yellow or purplish-black edible fruit much valued by Afghan tribes
Diospyros virginiana: medium-sized tree of dry woodlands in the southern and eastern United States bearing yellow or orange very astringent fruit that is edible when fully ripe
Diplazium pycnocarpon: North American fern with narrow fronds on yellowish leafstalks
Diplopterygium longissimum: large scrambling fern forming large patches to 18 feet high; Pacific region and China
Diplotaxis erucoides: from Mediterranean region; a naturalized weed throughout southern Europe
Diplotaxis tenuifolia: yellow-flowered European plant that grows on old walls and in waste places; an adventive weed in North America
Dipsacus fullonum: teasel with lilac flowers native to Old World but naturalized in North America; dried flower heads used to raise a nap on woolen cloth
Dipsacus sativus: similar to the common teasel and similarly used; widespread in Europe and North Africa and western Asia; naturalized in United States
Dipsacus sylvestris: European teasel with white to pink flowers; naturalized in United States
dipterocarp: tree of the family Dipterocarpaceae
Dirca palustris: deciduous shrub of eastern North America having tough flexible branches and pliable bark and small yellow flowers
disa: any orchid of the genus Disa; beautiful orchids with dark green leaves and usually hooded flowers; much prized as emblematic flowers in their native regions
discina: any fungus of the genus Discina
Discina macrospora: a discina with a flat or saucer-shaped fertile body that is brown on the upper surface; has a short stalk; not recommended for eating
Disciotis venosa: an edible morel with a cup-shaped or saucer-shaped fruiting body can be up to 20 cm wide; the fertile surface inside the cup has wrinkles radiating from the center; can be easily confused with inedible mushrooms
dishcloth gourd: any of several tropical annual climbers having large yellow flowers and edible young fruits; grown commercially for the mature fruit's dried fibrous interior that is used as a sponge
divi-divi: twisted seed pods of the divi-divi tree; source of tannin
division Bryophyta: a division of nonflowering plants characterized by rhizoids rather than true roots and having little or no organized vascular tissue and showing alternation of generations between gamete-bearing forms and spore-bearing forms; comprises true mosses (Bryopsida) and liverworts (Hepaticopsida) and hornworts (Anthoceropsida)
division Eumycota: true fungi; eukaryotic heterotrophic walled organisms; distinguished from Myxomycota (funguslike slime molds): comprises subdivisions Mastigomycotina; Zygomycotina; Ascomycotina; Basidiomycotina; Deuteromycotina (imperfect fungi)
division Gymnomycota: slime molds; organisms having a noncellular and multinucleate creeping vegetative phase and a propagative spore-producing stage: comprises Myxomycetes and Acrasiomycetes; in some classifications placed in the kingdom Protoctista
division Gymnospermophyta: plants having naked seeds not enclosed in an ovary; in some systems considered a class (Gymnospermae) and in others a division (Gymnospermophyta); comprises three subdivisions (or classes): Cycadophytina (class Cycadopsida) and Gnetophytina (class Gnetopsida) and Coniferophytina (class Coniferopsida); in some classifications the Coniferophytina are divided into three groups: Pinophytina (class Pinopsida) and Ginkgophytina (class Ginkgopsida) and Taxophytina (class Taxopsida)
division Lichenes: comprising the lichens which grow symbiotically with algae; sometimes treated as an independent group more or less coordinate with algae and fungi
division Magnoliophyta: comprising flowering plants that produce seeds enclosed in an ovary; in some systems considered a class (Angiospermae) and in others a division (Magnoliophyta or Anthophyta)
division Pteridophyta: containing all the vascular plants that do not bear seeds: ferns, horsetails, club mosses, and whisk ferns; in some classifications considered a subdivision of Tracheophyta
division Spermatophyta: seed plants; comprises the Angiospermae (or Magnoliophyta) and Gymnospermae (or Gymnospermophyta); in some classification systems Spermatophyta is coordinate with Pteridophyta (spore producing plants having vascular tissue and roots) and Bryophyta (spore producing plants lacking vascular tissue and roots)
division Tracheophyta: in former classifications: comprising plants with a vascular system including ferns and fern allies as well as seed plants
dock: any of certain coarse weedy plants with long taproots, sometimes used as table greens or in folk medicine
dodder: a leafless annual parasitic vine of the genus Cuscuta having whitish or yellow filamentous stems; obtain nourishment through haustoria
dog's-tooth violet: perennial woodland spring-flowering plant; widely cultivated
dogbane: any of several poisonous perennial plants of the genus Apocynum having acrid milky juice and bell-shaped white or pink flowers and a very bitter root
dogwood: hard tough wood of any dogwood of the genus Cornus; resembles boxwood
Dolichos lignosus: South African evergreen partly woody vine grown for its clusters of rosy purple flowers followed by edible pods like snap beans; also grown as green manure; sometimes placed in genus Dolichos
domatium: a part of a plant (e.g., a leaf) that has been modified to provide protection for insects or mites or fungi
dombeya: any of various shrubs or small trees of the genus Dombeya grown for their rounded clusters of exquisite often sweet-scented flowers usually hanging beneath the leaves
Dominican mahogany: mahogany tree of West Indies
doodia: any fern of the genus Doodia having pinnate fronds with sharply dentate pinnae
Dorotheanthus bellidiformis: low-growing showy succulent annual of South Africa having white or pink or red or orange flowers and spatulate leaves covered in papillae that resemble small crystals
Doryopteris pedata: tropical American fern with coarsely lobed to palmatifid fronds
douglas fir: tall evergreen timber tree of western North America having resinous wood and short needles
douglas fir: strong durable timber of a douglas fir
Dovyalis caffra: vigorous South African spiny shrub grown for its round yellow juicy edible fruits
Dovyalis hebecarpa: a small shrubby spiny tree cultivated for its maroon-purple fruit with sweet purple pulp tasting like gooseberries; Sri Lanka and India
downy mildew: any of various fungi of the family Peronosporaceae parasitic on e.g. grapes and potatoes and melons
draba: any of numerous low-growing cushion-forming plants of the genus Draba having rosette-forming leaves and terminal racemes of small flowers with scapose or leafy stems; fruit is a dehiscent oblong or linear silique
Draba verna: annual weed of Europe and North America having a rosette of basal leaves and tiny flowers followed by oblong seed capsules
dracaena: an agave that is often cultivated for its decorative foliage
Dracaena draco: tall tree of the Canary Islands; source of dragon's blood
Dracocephalum parviflorum: American herb having sharply serrate lanceolate leaves and spikes of blue to violet flowers
dracontium: any plant of the genus Dracontium; strongly malodorous tropical American plants usually with gigantic leaves
Dracunculus vulgaris: European arum resembling the cuckoopint
Drimys winteri: South American evergreen tree yielding winter's bark and a light soft wood similar to basswood
dropseed: a grass of the genus Sporobolus
Drosophyllum lusitanicum: perennial of dry habitats whose leaves have glandular hairs that secrete adhesive and digestive fluid for capture and digestion of insects; Portugal, southern Spain and Morocco
drupe: fleshy indehiscent fruit with a single seed: e.g. almond; peach; plum; cherry; elderberry; olive; jujube
drupelet: a small part of an aggregate fruit that resembles a drupe
dry rot: a fungus causing dry rot
Dryas octopetala: creeping evergreen shrub with large white flowers; widely distributed in northern portions of Eurasia and North America
Drynaria rigidula: giant epiphytic or lithophytic fern; Asia to Polynesia and Australia
Dryopteris dilatata: European shield fern
Dryopteris filix-mas: fern of North America and Europe whose rhizomes and stalks yield an oleoresin used to expel tapeworms
Dryopteris fragrans: fern or northern Eurasia and North America having fragrant fronds
Dryopteris marginalis: North American fern with evergreen fronds
Dryopteris oreades: a fern of the genus Dryopteris
Dryopteris thelypteris: fern having pinnatifid fronds and growing in wet places; cosmopolitan in north temperate regions
Dryopteris thelypteris pubescens: fern of northeastern North America
drypis: spiny-leaved perennial herb of southern Europe having terminal clusters of small flowers
duckweed: any small or minute aquatic plant of the family Lemnaceae that float on or near the surface of shallow ponds
duct: a continuous tube formed by a row of elongated cells lacking intervening end walls
Duke of Argyll's tea tree: deciduous erect or spreading shrub with spiny branches and violet-purple flowers followed by orange-red berries; southeastern Europe to China
duramen: the older inactive central wood of a tree or woody plant; usually darker and denser than the surrounding sapwood
Durio zibethinus: tree of southeastern Asia having edible oval fruit with a hard spiny rind
Dutch case-knife bean: tropical American bean with red flowers and mottled black beans similar to Phaseolus vulgaris but perennial; a preferred food bean in Great Britain
Dutchman's breeches: delicate spring-flowering plant of the eastern United States having white flowers with double spurs
dwarf Russian almond: Asiatic shrub cultivated for its rosy red flowers
dwarf-white trillium: a low perennial white-flowered trillium found in the southeastern United States
earth-ball: any of various highly prized edible subterranean fungi of the genus Tuber; grow naturally in southwestern Europe
earthball: any of various fungi of the genus Scleroderma having hard-skinned subterranean fruiting bodies resembling truffles
earthstar: any fungus of the family Geastraceae; in form suggesting a puffball whose outer peridium splits into the shape of a star
earthtongue: any club-shaped fungus of the genus Geoglossum
east African cedar: tropical African timber tree with fragrant wood
East India kino: reddish or black juice or resin from certain trees of the genus Pterocarpus and used in medicine and tanning etc
East Indian fig tree: East Indian tree that puts out aerial shoots that grow down into the soil forming additional trunks
East Indian rosewood: East Indian tree having a useful dark purple wood
Eastern cottonwood: a common poplar of eastern and central United States; cultivated in United States for its rapid growth and luxuriant foliage and in Europe for timber
Eastern hop hornbeam: medium-sized hop hornbeam of eastern North America
Eastern silvery aster: a variety of aster
ebony: hard dark-colored heartwood of the ebony tree; used in cabinetwork and for piano keys
Eburophyton austinae: waxy white nearly leafless plant with stems in clusters and racemes of white flowers; northwestern United States to northern California and east to Idaho
Ecballium elaterium: Mediterranean vine having oblong fruit that when ripe expels its seeds and juice violently when touched
Echinocactus grusonii: large cactus of east central Mexico having golden to pale yellow flowers and spines
Echinochloa crusgalli: a coarse annual panic grass; a cosmopolitan weed; occasionally used for hay or grazing
Echium vulgare: a coarse prickly European weed with spikes of blue flowers; naturalized in United States
Egyptian corn: sorghums of dry regions of Asia and North Africa
Egyptian cotton: fine somewhat brownish long-staple cotton grown in Egypt; believed to be derived from sea island cotton or by hybridization with Peruvian cotton
Egyptian lupine: white-flowered Eurasian herb widely cultivated for forage and erosion control
Egyptian paper reed: tall sedge of the Nile valley yielding fiber that served many purposes in historic times
Egyptian water lily: white Egyptian lotus: water lily of Egypt to southeastern Africa; held sacred by the Egyptians
Eichhornia crassipes: a tropical floating aquatic plant having spikes of large blue flowers; troublesome in clogging waterways especially in southern United States
Elaeagnus augustifolia: deciduous shrubby tree of Europe and western Asia having grey leaves and small yellow fruits covered in silvery scales; sometimes spiny
Elaeagnus commutata: deciduous unarmed North American shrub with silvery leaves and fruits
Elaeagnus latifolia: erect shrub or climber of India and China with red olivelike fruit
Elaeis guineensis: oil palm of Africa
Elaeocarpus grandis: Australian tree having hard white timber and glossy green leaves with white flowers followed by one-seeded glossy blue fruit
elder: any of numerous shrubs or small trees of temperate and subtropical northern hemisphere having white flowers and berrylike fruit
elemi: fragrant resin obtain from trees of the family Burseraceae and used as incense
Eleocharis acicularis: fine-leaved aquatic spike rush; popular as aerator for aquariums
Eleocharis palustris: cylindrical-stemmed sedge
elephant's-foot: any plant of the genus Elephantopus having heads of blue or purple flowers; America
Elettaria cardamomum: rhizomatous herb of India having aromatic seeds used as seasoning
Eleusine coracana: East Indian cereal grass whose seed yield a somewhat bitter flour, a staple in the Orient
Eleusine indica: coarse annual grass having fingerlike spikes of flowers; native to Old World tropics; a naturalized weed elsewhere
elf cup: apothecium of a fungus of the family Pezizaceae
Elliott's goldenrod: a variety of goldenrod
elliptic leaf: a simple leaf shaped like an ellipse
elm: any of various trees of the genus Ulmus: important timber or shade trees
elm: hard tough wood of an elm tree; used for e.g. implements and furniture
Elodea canadensis: North American waterweed; widely naturalized in Europe
Elodea densa: aquatic plant with deep green foliage useful to oxygenate an aquarium; sometimes placed in genus Egeria
elongate leaf: a long slender leaf
elsholtzia: any of various aromatic herbs of the genus Elsholtzia having blue or purple flowers in one-sided spikes
Elymus canadensis: North American wild rye
Elymus caput-medusae: weedy rye grass having long bristling awns
emarginate leaf: a leaf having a notch at the apex
Embothrium coccineum: grown for outstanding display of brilliant usually scarlet-crimson flowers; Andes
embryo: (botany) a minute rudimentary plant contained within a seed or an archegonium
Emilia sagitta: tropical Asiatic annual cultivated for its small tassel-shaped heads of scarlet flowers
enation: a natural projection or outgrowth from a plant body or organ
Encelia farinosa: fragrant rounded shrub of southwestern United States and adjacent Mexico having brittle stems and small crowded blue-green leaves and yellow flowers; produces a resin used in incense and varnish and in folk medicine
Enceliopsis nudicaulis: herb having a basal cluster of grey-green leaves and leafless stalks each with a solitary broad yellow flower head; desert areas Idaho to Arizona
encephalartos: any of numerous cycads of the genus Encephalartos having stout cylindrical trunks and a terminal crown of long often spiny pinnate leaves
Encephalartos caffer: South African cycad; the farinaceous pith of the fruit used as food
enchanter's nightshade: any of several erect perennial rhizomatous herbs of the genus Circaea having white flowers that open at dawn; northern hemisphere
Encyclia citrina: Mexican epiphytic orchid with glaucous grey-green leaves and lemon- to golden-yellow flowers appearing only partially opened; sometimes placed in genus Cattleya
endemic: a plant that is native to a certain limited area
endocarp: the hard inner (usually woody) layer of the pericarp of some fruits (as peaches or plums or cherries or olives) that contains the seed
endogen: a monocotyledonous flowering plant; the stem grows by deposits on its inside
endosperm: nutritive tissue surrounding the embryo within seeds of flowering plants
endospore: a small asexual spore that develops inside the cell of some bacteria and algae
Engelmann's spruce: tall spruce of Rocky Mountains and British Columbia with blue-green needles and acutely conic crown; wood used for rough lumber and boxes
engelmannia: common erect hairy perennial of plains and prairies of southern and central United States having flowers that resemble sunflowers
English ryegrass: European perennial grass widely cultivated for pasture and hay and as a lawn grass
English violet: European violet typically having purple to white flowers; widely naturalized
English walnut tree: Eurasian walnut valued for its large edible nut and its hard richly figured wood; widely cultivated
Ensete ventricosum: large evergreen arborescent herb having huge paddle-shaped leaves and bearing inedible fruit that resemble bananas but edible young flower shoots; sometimes placed in genus Musa
ensiform leaf: a sword-shaped leaf; as of iris
Entandrophragma cylindricum: African tree having rather lightweight cedar-scented wood varying in color from pink to reddish brown
Enterolobium cyclocarpa: tropical South American tree having a wide-spreading crown of bipinnate leaves and coiled ear-shaped fruits; grown for shade and ornament as well as valuable timber
entire leaf: a leaf having a smooth margin without notches or indentations
Entoloma aprile: an agaric with a dark brown conical cap; fruits in early spring
Entoloma sinuatum: a deadly poisonous agaric; a large cap that is first white (livid or lead-colored) and then turns yellowish or tan
epacris: any heathlike evergreen shrub of the genus Epacris grown for their showy and crowded spikes of small bell-shaped or tubular flowers
Epacris impressa: spindly upright shrub of southern Australia and Tasmania having white to rose or purple-red flowers
Epacris obtusifolia: small erect shrub of Australia and Tasmania with fragrant ivory flowers
Epacris purpurascens: small shrub of southern and western Australia having pinkish to rosy purple tubular flowers
Ephedra sinica: Chinese ephedra yielding ephedrine
ephedra: jointed and nearly leafless desert shrub having reduced scalelike leaves and reddish fleshy seeds
epicarp: outermost layer of the pericarp of fruits as the skin of a peach or grape
epidendron: any of various orchids of the genus Epidendrum
Epidendrum tampense: orchid of Florida and the Bahamas having showy brightly colored flowers; sometimes placed in genus Epidendrum
Epidendrum venosum: Mexican epiphytic orchid having pale green or yellow-green flowers with white purple-veined lip
Epigaea repens: low-growing evergreen shrub of eastern North America with leathery leaves and clusters of fragrant pink or white flowers
Epilobium angustifolium: tall North American perennial with creeping rootstocks and narrow leaves and spikes of pinkish-purple flowers occurring in great abundance in burned-over areas or recent clearings; an important honey plant
Epilobium hirsutum: plant of Europe and Asia having purplish-red flowers and hairy stems and leaves; introduced into North America
Epimedium grandiflorum: slow-growing creeping plant with semi-evergreen leaves on erect wiry stems; used as ground cover
Epipactis gigantea: orchid growing along streams or ponds of western North America having leafy stems and 1 greenish-brown and pinkish flower in the axil of each upper leaf
Epipactis helleborine: European orchid with spikes of green and pinkish or purplish flowers
epiphyllum: any cactus of the genus Epiphyllum having flattened jointed irregularly branching stems and showy tubular flowers
episcia: any plant of the genus Episcia; usually creeping and stoloniferous and of cascading habit; grown for their colorful foliage and flowers
Episcia dianthiflora: low-growing creeping perennial of Central America having deeply fringed white flowers; sometimes placed in genus Episcia
episperm: protective outer layer of seeds of flowering plants
Equisetum arvense: of Eurasia and Greenland and North America
Equisetum fluviatile: Eurasia; northern North America to Virginia
Equisetum hyemale robustum: evergreen erect horsetail with rough-edged stems; formerly used for scouring utensils
Equisetum palustre: scouring-rush horsetail widely distributed in wet or boggy areas of northern hemisphere
Equisetum Sylvaticum: Eurasia except southern Russia; northern North America
Equisetum variegatum: northern North America; Greenland; northern and central Europe
Eragrostic abyssinica: an African grass economically important as a cereal grass (yielding white flour of good quality) as well as for forage and hay
Eragrostis curvula: perennial South African grass having densely clumped flimsy stems; introduced into United States especially for erosion control
Eranthis hyemalis: small Old World perennial herb grown for its bright yellow flowers which appear in early spring often before snow is gone
Erechtites hieracifolia: an American weedy plant with small white or greenish flowers
Erianthus ravennae: grass often cultivated for its long white-ribbed leaves and large plumes resembling those of pampas grass
Erica arborea: evergreen treelike Mediterranean shrub having fragrant white flowers in large terminal panicles and hard woody roots used to make tobacco pipes
Erica carnea: dwarf European shrub with very early blooming bell-shaped red flowers
Erica cinerea: common low European shrub with purple-red flowers
Erica tetralix: dwarf European shrub with rose-colored flowers
erica: any plant of the genus Erica
Erigeron acer: widespread weed with pale purple-blue flowers
Erigeron annuus: widely naturalized white-flowered North American herb
Erigeron aurantiacus: mat-forming herb of Turkestan with nearly double orange-yellow flowers
Erigeron canadensis: common North American weed with linear leaves and small discoid heads of yellowish flowers; widely naturalized throughout temperate regions; sometimes placed in genus Erigeron
Erigeron divergens: well-branched plant with hairy leaves and stems each with a solitary flower head with narrow white or pink or lavender rays; western North America
Erigeron glaucous: slightly succulent perennial with basal leaves and hairy sticky stems each bearing a solitary flower head with narrow pink or lavender rays; coastal bluffs Oregon to southern California
Erigeron philadelphicus: especially pretty plant having a delicate fringe of threadlike rays around flower heads having very slender white or pink rays; United States and Canada
Erigeron pulchellus: common perennial of eastern North America having flowers with usually violet-purple rays
Erigeron speciosus: plant having branching leafy stems each branch with an especially showy solitary flower head with many narrow pink or lavender or white rays; northwestern United States mountains
Erigonum fasciculatum: low-growing shrub with spreading branches and flowers in loose heads; desert regions of western United States (California to Utah)
eringo: any plant of the genus Eryngium
Eriobotrya japonica: evergreen tree of warm regions having fuzzy yellow olive-sized fruit with a large free stone; native to China and Japan
Eriocaulon aquaticum: aquatic perennial of North America and Ireland and Hebrides having translucent green leaves in a basal spiral and dense buttonlike racemes of minute white flowers
Eriodictyon californicum: viscid evergreen shrub of western United States with white to deep lilac flowers; the sticky aromatic leaves are used in treating bronchial and pulmonary illnesses
eriogonum: any plant of the genus Eriogonum with small clustered flowers
Eriogonum allenii: late blooming perennial plant of shale barrens of Virginia having flowers in flat-topped clusters
Eriophorum angustifolium: having densely tufted white cottony or downlike glumes
Eriophyllum lanatum: greyish woolly leafy perennial with branched stems ending in leafless stalks bearing golden-yellow flower heads; dry areas western North America
Eriophyllum wallacei: tiny grey woolly tufted annual with small golden-yellow flower heads; southeastern California to northwestern Arizona and southwestern Utah; sometimes placed in genus Eriophyllum
Erodium cicutarium: European weed naturalized in southwestern United States and Mexico having reddish decumbent stems with small fernlike leaves and small deep reddish-lavender flowers followed by slender fruits that stick straight up; often grown for forage
Erodium moschatum: low annual European herb naturalized in America; similar to alfilaria
erose leaf: a leaf having a jagged margin as though gnawed
Eruca vesicaria sativa: erect European annual often grown as a salad crop to be harvested when young and tender
Eryngium aquaticum: coarse prickly perennial eryngo with aromatic roots; southeastern United States; often confused with rattlesnake master
Eryngium maritimum: European evergreen eryngo with twisted spiny leaves naturalized on United States east coast; roots formerly used as an aphrodisiac
Eryngium yuccifolium: coarse prickly perennial eryngo of United States thought to cure rattlesnake bite
Erysimum arkansanum: biennial or short-lived perennial prairie rocket having orange-yellow flowers; western North America to Minnesota and Kansas; sometimes placed in genus Cheiranthus
Erysimum cheiranthoides: slender yellow-flowered European mustard often troublesome as a weed; formerly used as an anthelmintic
Erythrina caffra: small semi-evergreen broad-spreading tree of eastern South Africa with orange-scarlet flowers and small coral-red seeds; yields a light soft wood used for fence posts or shingles
Erythrina corallodendrum: deciduous shrub having racemes of deep red flowers and black-spotted red seeds
Erythrina crista-galli: small South American spiny tree with dark crimson and scarlet flowers solitary or clustered
Erythrina variegata: small to medium-sized thorny tree of tropical Asia and northern Australia having dense clusters of scarlet or crimson flowers and black seeds
Erythrina vespertilio: prickly Australian coral tree having soft spongy wood
Erythronium albidum: North American dogtooth having solitary white flowers with yellow centers and blue or pink exteriors
Erythronium americanum: eastern North American dogtooth having solitary yellow flowers marked with brown or purple and spotted interiors
Erythronium californicum: California dogtooth violet with creamy white flowers sometimes yellow-tinged
Erythronium dens-canis: sturdy European dogtooth with rose to mauve flowers; cultivated in many varieties
Erythronium grandiflorum: dogtooth violet of western North America having bright yellow flowers
Erythronium montanum: perennial herb having large white flowers marked with orange; found near the snow line in the northwestern United States
Erythroxylon coca: a South American shrub whose leaves are chewed by natives of the Andes; a source of cocaine
Erythroxylon truxiuense: a South American shrub whose leaves are a source of cocaine
escape: a plant originally cultivated but now growing wild
Eschscholtzia californica: of Pacific coast of North America; widely cultivated for its yellow to red flowers
Eucalypt grandis: very tall tree of Queensland and New South Wales
Eucalypt gunnii: small to medium-sized tree of Tasmania
Eucalypt ovata: medium-sized tree of southern Australia
Eucalypt tereticornis: tall tree of Queensland and New South Wales and Victoria
eucalypt: a tree of the genus Eucalyptus
eucalyptus: wood of any of various eucalyptus trees valued as timber
Eucalyptus amygdalina: red gum tree of Tasmania
Eucalyptus calophylla: very large red gum tree
Eucalyptus camaldulensis: somewhat crooked red gum tree growing chiefly along rivers; has durable reddish lumber used in heavy construction
Eucalyptus camphora: medium-sized swamp gum of New South Wales and Victoria
Eucalyptus delegatensis: tall timber tree with hard heavy pinkish or light brown wood
Eucalyptus dumosa: small shrubby mallee
Eucalyptus fraxinoides: large tree with dark compact bark on lower trunk but smooth and white above; yields lumber similar to that of European or American ashes
Eucalyptus globulus: tall fast-growing timber tree with leaves containing a medicinal oil; young leaves are bluish
eucalyptus gum: reddish-brown dried gummy exudation from any of several trees of the genus Eucalyptus especially Eucalyptus camaldulensis
Eucalyptus maculata: large gum tree with mottled bark
Eucalyptus maculata citriodora: similar to but smaller than the spotted gum and having lemon-scented leaves
Eucalyptus pauciflora: small to medium-sized tree of Australia and Tasmania having smooth white to light-grey bark shedding in patches or strips
Eucalyptus regnans: tree having wood similar to the alpine ash; tallest tree in Australia and tallest hardwood in the world
Eucalyptus viminalis: tall tree yielding a false manna
Eucalyptusd eugenioides: stringybark having white wood
Eucalytus stellulata: a small mallee with rough dark-colored bark toward the butt; yields a red eucalyptus kino gum
Eugenia caryophyllatum: moderate sized very symmetrical red-flowered evergreen widely cultivated in the tropics for its flower buds which are source of cloves
Eugenia corynantha: Australian tree with sour red fruit
Eugenia dicrana: tree of extreme southern Florida and West Indies having thin scaly bark and aromatic fruits and seeds and yielding hard heavy close-grained zebrawood
Eugenia jambos: tropical tree of the East Indies cultivated for its edible fruit
Eugenia uniflora: Brazilian tree with spicy red fruit; often cultivated in California and Florida
Euonymous alatus: bushy deciduous shrub with branches having thin wide corky longitudinal wings; brilliant red in autumn; northeastern Asia to central China
Euonymus americanus: upright deciduous plant with crimson pods and seeds; the eastern United States from New York to Florida and Texas
Euonymus atropurpureus: deciduous shrub having purple capsules enclosing scarlet seeds
Euonymus europaeus: small erect deciduous shrub having tough white wood and cathartic bark and fruit
Euonymus fortunei radicans: broad and bushy Asiatic twining shrub with pinkish fruit; many subspecies or varieties
Eupatorium cannabinum: coarse European herb with palmately divided leaves and clusters of small reddish-purple flower heads
Eupatorium capillifolium: weedy plant of southeastern United States having divided leaves and long clusters of greenish flowers
Eupatorium maculatum: North American herb having whorled leaves and terminal clusters of small pinkish or purple flower heads
Eupatorium perfoliatum: perennial herb of southeastern United States having white-rayed flower heads; formerly used as in folk medicine
Eupatorium purpureum: North American herb having whorled leaves and terminal clusters of flowers spotted with purple
Euphorbia amygdaloides: European perennial herb with greenish yellow terminal flower clusters
Euphorbia antisyphilitica: wax-coated shrub of northern Mexico and southwestern United States
Euphorbia caput-medusae: African dwarf succulent perennial shrub with numerous slender drooping branches
Euphorbia corollata: common perennial United States spurge having showy white petallike bracts
Euphorbia cyathophora: poinsettia of United States and eastern Mexico; often confused with Euphorbia heterophylla
Euphorbia cyparissias: Old World perennial having foliage resembling cypress; naturalized as a weed in the United States
Euphorbia dentata: an annual weed of northeastern North America with dentate leaves
Euphorbia esula: tall European perennial naturalized and troublesome as a weed in eastern North America
Euphorbia exigua: European erect or depressed annual weedy spurge adventive in northeastern United States
Euphorbia fulgens: Mexican shrub often cultivated for its scarlet-bracted flowers
Euphorbia helioscopia: not unattractive European weed whose flowers turn toward the sun
Euphorbia heterophylla: showy poinsettia found from the southern United States to Peru
Euphorbia hirsuta: much-branched hirsute weed native to northeastern North America
Euphorbia ingens: small tree of dry open parts of southern Africa having erect angled branches suggesting candelabra
Euphorbia lathyris: poisonous Old World spurge; adventive in America; seeds yield a purgative oil
Euphorbia marginata: annual spurge of western United States having showy white-bracted flower clusters and very poisonous milk
Euphorbia milii: somewhat climbing bushy spurge of Madagascar having long woody spiny stems with few leaves and flowers with scarlet bracts
Euphorbia peplus: an Old World spurge introduced as a weed in the eastern United States
Euphorbia pulcherrima: tropical American plant having poisonous milk and showy tapering usually scarlet petallike leaves surrounding small yellow flowers
European barberry: upright deciduous European shrub widely naturalized in United States having clusters of juicy berries
European bean: Old World upright plant grown especially for its large flat edible seeds but also as fodder
European beggar-ticks: bur marigold of temperate Eurasia
European bird cherry: small European cherry tree closely resembling the American chokecherry
European black alder: medium-sized tree with brown-black bark and woody fruiting catkins; leaves are hairy beneath
European black currant: widely cultivated current bearing edible black aromatic berries
European chestnut: wild or cultivated throughout southern Europe, northwestern Africa and southwestern Asia
European cranberry bush: deciduous thicket-forming Old World shrub with clusters of white flowers and small bright red berries
European dewberry: creeping European bramble bearing dewberries
European dune grass: a dune grass of the Pacific seacoast used as a sand binder
European fly honeysuckle: cultivated Eurasian shrub with twin yellowish-white flowers and scarlet fruit
European hornbeam: medium-sized Old World tree with smooth grey bark and leaves like beech that turn yellow-orange in autumn
European ladies' tresses: European orchid having shorter racemes of strongly spiraling snow-white flowers
European larch: tall European tree having a slender conic crown, flat needlelike leaves, and hairy cone scales
European mountain ash: Eurasian tree with orange-red berrylike fruits
European nut pine: medium-sized two-needled pine of southern Europe having a spreading crown; widely cultivated for its sweet seeds that resemble almonds
European olive tree: evergreen tree cultivated in the Mediterranean region since antiquity and now elsewhere; has edible shiny black fruits
European parsley fern: fern of Europe and Asia Minor having short slender rhizome and densely tufted bright green fronds resembling parsley
European pasqueflower: European perennial having usually violet or white spring flowers
European quaking aspen: Old World aspen with a broad much-branched crown; northwestern Europe and Siberia to North Africa
European raspberry: the common European raspberry; fruit red or orange
European red elder: Eurasian shrub
European silver fir: tall timber tree of central and southern Europe having a regular crown and grey bark
European turkey oak: large deciduous tree of central and southern Europe and Asia Minor having lanceolate leaves with spiked lobes
European white birch: European birch with silvery white peeling bark and markedly drooping branches
European white lily: a water lily with white flowers
European woolly thistle: woolly thistle of western and central Europe and Balkan Peninsula
eusporangium: a sporangium that arises from a group of epidermal cells
Eustoma grandiflorum: one of the most handsome prairie wildflowers having large erect bell-shaped bluish flowers; of moist places in prairies and fields from eastern Colorado and Nebraska south to New Mexico and Texas
Euterpe oleracea: Brazilian palm of genus Euterpe whose leaf buds are eaten like cabbage when young
evening primrose: any of several plants of the family Onagraceae
evergreen beech: any of various beeches of the southern hemisphere having small usually evergreen leaves
evergreen: a plant having foliage that persists and remains green throughout the year
everlasting pea: any of several perennial vines of the genus Lathyrus
everlasting: any of various plants of various genera of the family Compositae having flowers that can be dried without loss of form or color
Fabiana imbricata: Peruvian shrub with small pink to lavender tubular flowers; leaves yield a tonic and diuretic
Fagopyrum esculentum: a member of the genus Fagopyrum; annual Asian plant with clusters of small pinkish white flowers and small edible triangular seeds which are used whole or ground into flour
Fagus grandifolia: North American forest tree with light green leaves and edible nuts
Fagus sylvatica: large European beech with minutely-toothed leaves; widely planted as an ornamental in North America
Fagus sylvatica atropunicea: variety of European beech with shining purple or copper-colored leaves
Fagus sylvatica pendula: variety of European beech with pendulous limbs
fair-maids-of-France: rosette-forming perennial having compact panicles of white flowers; Europe
fairy circle: a ring of fungi marking the periphery of the perennial underground growth of the mycelium
fairy lantern: any of several plants of the genus Calochortus having egg-shaped flowers
Falcatifolium falciforme: small tropical rain forest tree of Indonesia and Malaysia
Falcatifolium taxoides: a rain forest tree or shrub of New Caledonia having a conic crown and pale green sickle-shaped leaves; host species for the rare parasite yew
falls: the petals or sepals of a flower that bend downward (especially the outer perianth of an iris)
false asphodel: a plant of the genus Tofieldia having linear chiefly basal leaves and small spicate flowers
false chamomile: any of various autumn-flowering perennials having white or pink to purple flowers that resemble asters; wild in moist soils from New Jersey to Florida and Texas
false fruit: a fleshy fruit (apple or pear or related fruits) having seed chambers and an outer fleshy part
false gromwell: any of several North American perennial herbs with hairy foliage and small yellowish or greenish flowers
false hellebore: perennial herbs of the lily family having thick toxic rhizomes
false indigo: any of several plants of the genus Baptisia
false mallow: an American plant of the genus Malvastrum
false mallow: genus of coarse herbs and subshrubs of arid North and South America having pink or scarlet flowers and globose fruits
false mistletoe: American plants closely resembling Old World mistletoe
false morel: a fungus of the family Helvellaceae
false truffle: any of various fungi of the family Rhizopogonaceae having subterranean fruiting bodies similar to the truffle
family Acanthaceae: widely distributed herbs and shrubs and trees; sometimes placed in the order Scrophulariales
family Aceraceae: a family of trees and shrubs of order Sapindales including the maples
family Actinidiaceae: tropical trees or shrubs or woody vines
family Adiantaceae: used in some classification systems for some genera of the family Polypodiaceae (or Pteridaceae)
family Agaricaceae: large family including many familiar mushrooms
family Agavaceae: chiefly tropical and xerophytic plants: includes Dracenaceae (Dracaenaceae); comprises plants that in some classifications are divided between the Amaryllidaceae and the Liliaceae
family Albuginaceae: fungi that produce white sori resembling blisters on certain flowering plants
family Alismataceae: perennial or annual aquatic or marsh plants
family Alliaceae: one of many families or subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted; includes especially genus Allium
family Aloeaceae: one of many families or subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted
family Alstroemeriaceae: one of many families or subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted; sometimes included in subfamily Amaryllidaceae
family Amaranthaceae: cosmopolitan family of herbs and shrubs
family Amaryllidaceae: snowdrop; narcissus; daffodil; in some classification systems considered a subfamily of the Liliaceae
family Ambrosiaceae: in some classifications considered a separate family comprising a subgroup of the Compositae including the ragweeds
family Amygdalaceae: used in former classifications for plum and peach and almond trees which are now usually classified as members of the genus Prunus
family Anacardiaceae: the cashew family; trees and shrubs and vines having resinous (sometimes poisonous) juice; includes cashew and mango and pistachio and poison ivy and sumac
family Annonaceae: chiefly tropical trees or shrubs
family Anthocerotaceae: hornworts
family Aphyllanthaceae: one of many families or subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted; includes genus Aphyllanthes
family Apocynaceae: chiefly tropical trees or shrubs or herbs having milky juice and often showy flowers; many are sources of drugs
family Aquifoliaceae: widely distributed shrubs and trees
family Araceae: anthurium; calla lily; jack-in-the-pulpit; philodendron
family Araliaceae: mostly tropical trees and shrubs and lianas: genera Panax and Hedera
family Araucariaceae: tall evergreen cone-bearing trees of South America and Australia with broad leathery leaves; in some classifications included in the Pinaceae
family Arecaceae: chiefly tropical trees and shrubs and vines usually having a tall columnar trunk bearing a crown of very large leaves; coextensive with the order Palmales
family Aristolochiaceae: family of birthworts (including wild ginger)
family Asclepiadaceae: widely distributed family of herbs and shrubs of the order Gentianales; most with milky juice
family Asparagaceae: one of many families or subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae: includes genera Asparagus and sometimes Ruscus
family Aspergillaceae: family of fungi including some common molds
family Asphodelaceae: one of many subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae
family Aspleniaceae: one of a number of families into which Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems; includes genera Asplenium, Pleurosorus, Schaffneria
family Asteraceae: plants with heads composed of many florets: aster; daisy; dandelion; goldenrod; marigold; lettuces; ragweed; sunflower; thistle; zinnia
family Auriculariaceae: fungi having gelatinous sporophores
family Avicenniaceae: used in some classifications: coextensive with the genus Avicennia
family Azollaceae: used in some classifications for the genus Azolla
family Balsaminaceae: distinguished from the family Geraniaceae by the irregular flowers
family Batidaceae: family coextensive with genus Batis: saltworts
family Begoniaceae: monoecious succulent herbs or shrubs of tropical and warm regions especially America
family Bennettitaceae: a family of fossil gymnospermous plants of the Carboniferous
family Berberidaceae: shrubs or herbs
family Betulaceae: monoecious trees and shrubs (including the genera Betula and Alnus and Carpinus and Corylus and Ostrya and Ostryopsis)
family Bignoniaceae: trees or shrubs or woody vines or herbs having fruit resembling gourds or capsules; sometimes placed in the order Scrophulariales
family Blastodiaceae: a family of saprobic fungi of order Blastocladiales
family Blechnaceae: one of a number of families into which the family Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems; includes genera Blechnum, Doodia, Sadleria, Stenochlaena, and Woodwardia
family Boletaceae: family of fleshy fungi having the germ pores easily separating from the cup and often from each other
family Bombacaceae: tropical trees with large dry or fleshy fruit containing usually woolly seeds
family Boraginaceae: a widely distributed family of plants distinguished by circinate flowers and nutlike fruit
family Brassicaceae: a large family of plants with four-petaled flowers; includes mustards, cabbages, broccoli, turnips, cresses, and their many relatives
family Bromeliaceae: a family of tropical American plants of order Xyridales including several (as the pineapple) of economic importance
family Bryaceae: a family of acrocarpous mosses
family Burmanniaceae: family of chiefly tropical herbs with basal leaves like bracts and small flowers
family Burseraceae: resinous or aromatic chiefly tropical shrubs or trees
family Buxaceae: widely distributed evergreen shrubs and trees
family Cactaceae: constituting the order Opuntiales
family Caesalpiniaceae: spiny trees, shrubs, or perennial herbs, including the genera Caesalpinia, Cassia, Ceratonia, Bauhinia; commonly included in the family Leguminosae
family Callitrichaceae: dicot aquatic herbs
family Calostomataceae: a family of fungi belonging to the order Tulostomatales
family Calycanthaceae: shrubs or small trees having aromatic bark; the eastern United States and eastern Asia
family Campanulaceae: family of plants of the order Campanulales; in some classifications includes Lobeliaceae
family Canellaceae: one genus: aromatic tropical trees of eastern Africa and Florida to West Indies
family Cannabidaceae: two genera of erect or twining herbs that are pollinated by the wind, including the genera Cannabis and Humulus; term not used in all classifications; in some the genus Cannabis is placed in the family Moraceae and the genus Humulus in the family Urticaceae
family Cannaceae: coextensive with the genus Canna
family Capparidaceae: a dilleniid dicot family of the order Rhoeadales that includes: genera Capparis, Cleome, Crateva, and Polanisia
family Caprifoliaceae: shrubs and small trees and woody vines
family Caricaceae: trees native to tropical America and Africa with milky juice and large palmately lobed leaves
family Caryocaraceae: small genus of tropical South American trees
family Caryophyllaceae: large family of herbs or subshrubs (usually with stems swollen at the nodes)
family Casuarinaceae: one genus: genus Casuarina
family Cecropiaceae: in some classifications included in family Moraceae
family Celastraceae: trees and shrubs and woody vines usually having bright-colored fruits
family Cephalotaceae: a family of plants of order Rosales; coextensive with the genus Cephalotus
family Cephalotaxaceae: a family of Cephalotaxaceae
family Ceratophyllaceae: coextensive with the genus Ceratophyllum: hornworts
family Ceratostomataceae: fungi having carbonous perithecia with long necks
family Cercidiphyllaceae: one genus
family Chenopodiaceae: includes spinach and beets
family Chloranthaceae: small family of tropical herbs and shrubs and trees
family Chytridiaceae: a family of aquatic fungi of order Chytridiales
family Cistaceae: shrubs or woody herbs of temperate regions especially Mediterranean
family Cladoniaceae: a family of lichens
family Clathraceae: family of fleshy fungi resembling stinkhorns
family Clavariaceae: fleshy fungi: coral fungi
family Clethraceae: coextensive with the genus Clethra
family Colchicaceae: one of many subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted: genera Colchicum and Gloriosa
family Combretaceae: a family of tropical trees and shrubs of the order Myrtales
family Commelinaceae: large widely distributed family of chiefly perennial herbs or climbers: spiderworts
family Connaraceae: mostly tropical climbing shrubs or small trees; closely related to Leguminosae
family Convallariaceae: one of many subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted
family Convolvulaceae: morning glory; bindweed; sweet potato; plants having trumpet-shaped flowers and a climbing or twining habit
family Coprinaceae: used in some classifications for the genus Coprinus
family Cordaitaceae: chiefly Paleozoic plants; Cordaites is the chief and typical genus
family Cornaceae: a rosid dicot family of the order Umbellales including: genera Aucuba, Cornus, Corokia, Curtisia, Griselinia, Helwingia
family Cortinariaceae: a family of fungi belonging to the order Agaricales
family Crassulaceae: succulent shrubs and herbs
family Cryptogrammataceae: one of a number of families into which the family Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems
family Cucurbitaceae: a family of herbaceous vines (such as cucumber or melon or squash or pumpkin)
family Cunoniaceae: trees or shrubs or climbers; mostly southern hemisphere
family Cupressaceae: cypresses and junipers and many cedars
family Cyatheaceae: tropical tree ferns
family Cycadaceae: ancient palmlike plants closely related to ferns in that fertilization is by means of spermatozoids
family Cyperaceae: bulrush; chufa; cotton grass; papyrus; umbrella plant
family Cyrilliaceae: shrubs and trees with leathery leaves and small white flowers in racemes: genera Cyrilla and Cliftonia
family Dacrymycetaceae: a family of basidiomycetous fungi belonging to the order Tremellales having a bifurcate basidium that lacks septa
family Davalliaceae: one of a number of families into which Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems
family Dematiaceae: family of imperfect mushrooms having dark-colored hyphae or conidia
family Dennstaedtiaceae: one of a number of families into which Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems
family Diapensiaceae: north temperate low evergreen plants; in some classifications placed in its own order Diapensiales
family Dicksoniaceae: tree ferns: genera Dicksonia, Cibotium, Culcita, and Thyrsopteris elegans
family Dicranaceae: mosses having costate leaves and long-stalked capsules with cleft peristome
family Dilleniaceae: chiefly tropical shrubs and trees and climbers having leathery leaves or flattened leaflike stems: genera Dillenia and Hibbertia
family Dioscoreaceae: yams
family Dipsacaceae: chiefly southern European herbs with flowers usually in dense cymose heads
family Dipterocarpaceae: chiefly tropical Asian trees with two-winged fruits; yield valuable woods and aromatic oils and resins
family Droseraceae: a family of carnivorous herbs and shrubs
family Dryopteridaceae: alternative names for one of a number of families into which the family Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems
family Ebenaceae: fruit and timber trees of tropical and warm regions including ebony and persimmon
family Elaeagnaceae: shrubs or small trees often armed
family Elaeocarpaceae: genus of trees and shrubs widely distributed in warm regions some yielding useful timber; in some classifications included in the family Santalaceae
family Empetraceae: heathlike shrubs
family Entolomataceae: a family of fungi belonging to the order Agaricales
family Entomophthoraceae: mostly parasitic lower fungi that typically develop in the bodies of insects
family Epacridaceae: Australasian shrubs or small trees
family Ephedraceae: ephedras: in some classifications included in the Gnetaceae
family Equisetaceae: sole surviving family of the Equisetales: fern allies
family Ericaceae: heathers
family Eriocaulaceae: chiefly tropical aquatic or bog herbs: pipeworts
family Erysiphaceae: family of fungi parasitic mostly on leaves; includes powdery mildews
family Erythroxylaceae: a family of plants of order Geraniales; have drupaceous fruit
family Euphorbiaceae: a family of plants of order Geraniales
family Fagaceae: chiefly monoecious trees and shrubs: beeches; chestnuts; oaks; genera Castanea, Castanopsis, Chrysolepis, Fagus, Lithocarpus, Nothofagus, Quercus
family Fistulinaceae: a family of fungi closely related to the family Polyporaceae except that the tubes on the undersurface of the cap are separate from each other
family Flacourtiaceae: chiefly tropical trees and shrubs
family Fouquieriaceae: small family of spiny shrubs or trees of southwestern United States
family Fumariaceae: erect or climbing herbs of the northern hemisphere and southern Africa: bleeding heart; Dutchman's breeches; fumitory; squirrel corn
family Geastraceae: a family of earthstar fungi belonging to the order Lycoperdales
family Gentianaceae: chiefly herbaceous plants with showy flowers; some are cultivated as ornamentals
family Geoglossaceae: a family of fungi belonging to the order Helotiales
family Geraniaceae: chiefly herbaceous plants
family Gesneriaceae: large family of tropical herbs or shrubs or lianas; in some classification systems placed in the order Scrophulariales
family Ginkgoaceae: constituting the order Ginkgoales; includes the genus Ginkgo and extinct forms
family Gleicheniaceae: a family of ferns belonging to order Filicales
family Gnetaceae: plants having small unisexual flowers and fleshy or winged fruit: in some classifications includes the genera Ephedra and Welwitschia as well as genus Gnetum
family Goodeniaceae: a family of sappy plants that grow in Australasia and southeast China
family Graminaceae: the grasses: chiefly herbaceous but some woody plants including cereals; bamboo; reeds; sugar cane
family Grossulariaceae: in some classifications considered a part of the family Saxifragaceae: plants whose fruit is a berry
family Haemodoraceae: some genera placed in family Liliaceae
family Haloragidaceae: a family of dicotyledonous plants of the order Myrtales
family Hamamelidaceae: comprises genera Hamamelis, Corylopsis, Fothergilla, Liquidambar, Parrotia, and other small genera
family Helotiaceae: a fungus family of order Helotiales
family Helvellaceae: family of false morels or lorchels; some are edible and some are poisonous
family Hemerocallidaceae: one of many subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted; includes genus Hemerocallis
family Hippocastanaceae: trees having showy flowers and inedible nutlike seeds in a leathery capsule
family Hostaceae: one of many families or subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted; includes genus Hosta
family Hyacinthaceae: one of many families or subfamilies in which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted
family Hydnaceae: tooth fungi
family Hydnoraceae: a family of flowering plants in Africa and Argentina that are parasitic on the roots of other plants
family Hydrangeaceae: sometimes included in the family Saxifragaceae
family Hydrocharitaceae: simple nearly stemless freshwater aquatic plants; widely distributed
family Hydrophyllaceae: perennial woodland herbs
family Hygrophoraceae: a family of fungi belonging to the order Agaricales; the gills of these fungi have a clean waxy appearance
family Hymenophyllaceae: terrestrial (hygrophytic) or epiphytic ferns: filmy ferns
family Hypericaceae: used in some classification systems for plants usually included among the Guttiferae
family Hypocreaceae: family of fungi having brightly colored fleshy or membranous ascocarps; sometimes placed in its own order Hypocreales
family Hypoxidaceae: in some classification systems included in the Amaryllidaceae
family Iridaceae: large family of usually perennial geophytic herbs with rhizomes or corms or bulbs
family Isoetaceae: quillworts; coextensive with the genus Isoetes
family Juglandaceae: trees having usually edible nuts: butternuts; walnuts; hickories; pecans
family Juncaceae: tufted herbs resembling grasses: rushes
family Jungermanniaceae: comprising the leafy members of the order Jungermanniales
family Lamiaceae: a large family of aromatic herbs and shrubs having flowers resembling the lips of a mouth and four-lobed ovaries yielding four one-seeded nutlets and including mint; thyme; sage; rosemary
family Lardizabalaceae: thick-stemmed lianas and some shrubs; some have edible fruit
family Lauraceae: a family of Lauraceae
family Lecanoraceae: a fungus family of the division Lichenes
family Lecythidaceae: large tropical trees bearing large fruits with woody skins
family Leguminosae: a large family of trees, shrubs, vines, and herbs bearing bean pods; divided for convenience into the subfamilies Caesalpiniaceae; Mimosaceae; Papilionaceae
family Leitneriaceae: coextensive with the genus Leitneria; commonly isolated in a distinct order
family Lemnaceae: family of small free-floating thalloid plants
family Lennoaceae: family of fleshy parasitic herbs lacking green foliage and having heads of small flowers; California and Mexico
family Lentibulariaceae: carnivorous aquatic or bog plants: genera Utricularia, Pinguicula, and Genlisea
family Lepidobotryaceae: family created in 1950 solely for the classification of a distinctive African tree repeatedly classified in other families; trees long believed to exist only in Africa
family Lepidodendraceae: fossil plants characterized by conspicuous spirally arranged leaf scars on the trunk
family Lepiotaceae: a family of fungi having free gills and a cap that is cleanly separable from the stalk
family Liliaceae: includes species sometimes divided among the following families: Alliaceae; Aloeaceae; Alstroemeriaceae; Aphyllanthaceae; Asparagaceae; Asphodelaceae; Colchicaceae; Convallariaceae; Hemerocallidaceae; Hostaceae; Hyacinthaceae; Melanthiaceae; Ruscaceae; Smilacaceae; Tecophilaeacea; Xanthorrhoeaceae
family Linaceae: a widely distributed family of plants
family Loasaceae: family of bristly hairy sometimes climbing plants; America and Africa and southern Arabia
family Lobeliaceae: not recognized in all classification systems; in some classifications lobeliaceous plants are included in family Campanulaceae
family Loganiaceae: a dicotyledonous family of plants of order Gentianales
family Lomariopsidaceae: small family of usually scandent ferns
family Lophosoriaceae: very small family of tree ferns
family Loranthaceae: in some classification includes Viscaceae: parasitic or hemiparasitic shrublets or shrubs or small trees of tropical and temperate regions; attach to hosts by haustoria
family Loxomataceae: very small family of New Zealand ferns
family Lycoperdaceae: a fungus family belonging to the order Lycoperdales; includes puffballs
family Lycopodiaceae: a family of ferns belonging to the order Lycopodiales
family Lythraceae: herbs and shrubs and small trees with pink or purple flowers
family Magnoliaceae: subclass Magnoliidae: genera Liriodendron, Magnolia, and Manglietia
family Malpighiaceae: tropical shrubs or trees
family Malvaceae: herbs and shrubs and some trees: mallows; cotton; okra
family Marantaceae: tropical perennial herbs with usually starchy rhizomes
family Marattiaceae: constituting the order Marattiales: chiefly tropical eusporangiate ferns with gigantic fronds
family Marchantiaceae: liverworts with prostrate and usually dichotomously branched thalli
family Marsileaceae: clover ferns
family Martyniaceae: in most classifications not considered a separate family but included in the Pedaliaceae
family Mayacaceae: a monocotyledonous family of bog plants of order Xyridales
family Melampsoraceae: rust fungi
family Melanthiaceae: one of many subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted: includes Aletris; Narthecium; Veratrum
family Melastomataceae: a family of trees and bushes and herbs of order Myrtales; many are cultivated as ornamentals
family Meliaceae: tropical trees and shrubs including many important timber and ornamental trees
family Menispermaceae: herbaceous or woody climbers
family Menyanthaceae: a dicotyledonous family of marsh plants of order Gentianales
family Mimosaceae: family of spiny woody plants (usually shrubs or small trees) whose leaves mimic animals in sensitivity to touch; commonly included in the family Leguminosae
family Mniaceae: family of erect mosses with club-shaped paraphyses and the hexagonal cells of the upper leaf surface; sometimes treated as a subfamily of Bryaceae
family Moniliaceae: family of imperfect fungi having white or brightly colored hyphae and spores that are produced directly on the mycelium and not aggregated in fruiting bodies
family Monotropaceae: used in some classification for saprophytic herbs sometimes included in the family Pyrolaceae: genera Monotropa and Sarcodes
family Moraceae: trees or shrubs having a milky juice; in some classifications includes genus Cannabis
family Morchellaceae: a family of edible fungi including the true morels
family Mucoraceae: large family of chiefly saprophytic fungi that includes many common molds destructive to food products
family Musaceae: treelike tropical Asian herbs
family Myricaceae: constituting the order Myricales
family Myristicaceae: family of aromatic tropical trees with arillate seeds
family Myrsinaceae: family of Old World tropical trees and shrubs; some in Florida
family Myrtaceae: trees and shrubs yielding a fragrant oil
family Najadaceae: monotypic family of aquatic plants having narrow leaves and small flowers
family Nepenthaceae: coextensive with the genus Nepenthes
family Nidulariaceae: bird's-nest fungi
family Nyctaginaceae: a family of flowering plants of the order Caryophyllales
family Nymphaeaceae: dicot aquatic plants
family Nyssaceae: a family of dicotyledonous trees of order Myrtales that includes the sour gum trees
family Ochnaceae: family of tropical evergreen trees and shrubs with thick shining parallel-veined leaves
family Oleaceae: trees and shrubs having berries or drupes or capsules as fruits; sometimes placed in the order Oleales: olive; ash; jasmine; privet; lilac
family Oleandraceae: one of a number of families into which Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems
family Onagraceae: a large and widely distributed family of plants of the order Myrtales
family Ophioglossaceae: a family of succulent ferns of order Ophioglossales; cosmopolitan in distribution
family Orchidaceae: enormous cosmopolitan family of perennial terrestrial or epiphytic plants with fleshy tubers or rootstocks and unusual flowers
family Orobanchaceae: brown or yellow leafless herbs; sometimes placed in the order Scrophulariales
family Osmundaceae: large family of ferns widely distributed in temperate and tropical areas
family Oxalidaceae: a family of widely distributed herbs of the order Geraniales; have compound leaves and pentamerous flowers
family Paeoniaceae: perennial rhizomatous herbs and shrubs; of temperate Europe and North America
family Pandanaceae: family of woody plants of the order Pandanales including pandanus
family Papaveraceae: herbs or shrubs having milky and often colored juices and capsular fruits
family Papilionacea: leguminous plants whose flowers have butterfly-shaped corollas; commonly included in the family Leguminosae
family Parkeriaceae: coextensive with the genus Ceratopteris; sometimes included in family Polypodiaceae
family Parmeliaceae: a family of lichens
family Passifloraceae: tropical woody tendril-climbing vines
family Pedaliaceae: the family of plants of order Polemoniales
family Peronosporaceae: parasitic fungi: downy mildews
family Pertusariaceae: a fungus family of division Lichenes
family Pezizaceae: large family comprising many typical cup fungi
family Phallaceae: a family of fungi belonging to the order Phallales and comprising the true stinkhorns
family Phyllocladaceae: a family of Phyllocladaceae
family Phytolaccaceae: chiefly tropical herbaceous plants (including shrubs and trees) with racemose flowers: genera Phytolacca, Agdestis, Ercilla, Rivina, Trichostigma
family Pinaceae: a family of Pinaceae
family Piperaceae: tropical woody vines and herbaceous plants having aromatic herbage and minute flowers in spikelets
family Plantaginaceae: cosmopolitan family of small herbs and a few shrubs; most are troublesome weeds
family Plasmodiophoraceae: family of fungi often causing hypertrophy in seed plants
family Platanaceae: coextensive with the genus Platanus: plane trees
family Plumbaginaceae: perennial herbs and shrubs and lianas; cosmopolitan especially in saltwater areas
family Pluteaceae: a family of fungi belonging to the order Agaricales
family Podocarpaceae: gymnosperms with simple persistent needlelike or scalelike leaves
family Polemoniaceae: a widely distributed family of chiefly herbaceous plants of the order Polemoniales; often have showy flowers
family Polygalaceae: trees, shrubs, and herbs widely distributed throughout both hemispheres
family Polygonaceae: a family of plants of order Polygonales chiefly of the north temperate zone; includes the buckwheats
family Polypodiaceae: ferns: a large family that in some classification systems has been subdivided into several families (including Aspleniaceae and Blechnaceae and Davalliaceae and Dennstaedtiaceae and Dryopteridaceae and Oleandraceae and Pteridaceae)
family Polyporaceae: fungi that become corky or woody with age, often forming shelflike growths on trees
family Pontederiaceae: aquatic or bog plants
family Portulacaceae: family of usually succulent herbs; cosmopolitan in distribution especially in Americas
family Potamogetonaceae: plants that grow in ponds and slow streams; sometimes includes family Zosteraceae
family Primulaceae: a dicotyledonous family of the order Primulales with a regular flower; widely distributed in the northern hemisphere
family Proteaceae: large family of Australian and South African shrubs and trees with leathery leaves and clustered mostly tetramerous flowers; constitutes the order Proteales
family Psilophytaceae: Paleozoic plants
family Psilotaceae: small family of lower ferns having nearly naked stems and minute scalelike leaves
family Pteridaceae: one of a number of families into which the family Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems; Pteridaceae is itself in turn sometimes further subdivided
family Pucciniaceae: large important family of rust fungi
family Punicaceae: one species: pomegranates
family Pyrolaceae: evergreen herbs of temperate regions: genera Pyrola, Chimaphila, Moneses, Orthilia
family Pythiaceae: fungi having sporangia usually borne successively and singly at the tips of branching sporangiophores
family Rafflesiaceae: a family of parasitic plants of the order Aristolochiales
family Ranunculaceae: a family of Ranunculaceae
family Rapateaceae: South American herbs somewhat resembling members of the Juncaceae
family Resedaceae: mainly Mediterranean herbs: mignonette
family Rhamnaceae: trees and shrubs usually thorny bearing drupaceous fruit many having medicinal value
family Rhizophoraceae: trees and shrubs that usually form dense jungles along tropical seacoasts
family Rhizopogonaceae: a family of fungi of order Hymenogastrales having round subterranean sporophores
family Rhyniaceae: primitive plants of the Paleozoic
family Roccellaceae: a fungus family of division Lichenes
family Roridulaceae: in some classifications included in the family Droseraceae
family Rosaceae: a large family of dicotyledonous plants of order Rosales; have alternate leaves and five-petaled flowers with numerous stamens
family Rubiaceae: widely distributed family of mostly tropical trees and shrubs and herbs; includes coffee and chinchona and gardenia and madder and bedstraws and partridgeberry
family Ruscaceae: one of many subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted
family Russulaceae: used in some classification systems for the genus Russula
family Rutaceae: a family of dicotyledonous plants of order Geraniales; have flowers that are divide into four or five parts and usually have a strong scent
family Saccharomycetaceae: family of fungi comprising the typical yeasts: reproduce by budding and ferment carbohydrates
family Salicaceae: two genera of trees or shrubs having hairy catkins: Salix; Populus
family Salvadoraceae: a family of Old World shrubs and trees of order Gentianales; related to Oleaceae but having four stamens and four petals
family Salviniaceae: water ferns
family Santalaceae: chiefly tropical herbs or shrubs or trees bearing nuts or one-seeded fruit
family Sapindaceae: chiefly tropical New and Old World deciduous and evergreen trees and shrubs bearing leathery drupes with yellow translucent flesh; most plants produce toxic saponins
family Sapotaceae: tropical trees or shrubs with milky juice and often edible fleshy fruit
family Sarcoscyphaceae: family of fungi belonging to the order Pezizales
family Sarraceniaceae: insectivorous plants
family Saururaceae: family of perennial aromatic herbs: genera Saururus, Anemopsis, Houttuynia
family Saxifragaceae: a large and diverse family of evergreen or deciduous herbs; widely distributed in northern temperate and cold regions; sometimes includes genera of the family Hydrangeaceae
family Scheuchzeriaceae: a family of monocotyledonous bog herbs of order Naiadales
family Schizaeaceae: small family of mainly tropical ferns
family Schizosaccharomycetaceae: a family of fungi belonging to order Endomycetales
family Sciadopityaceae: family comprising a single genus that until recently was considered part of Taxodiaceae
family Sclerodermataceae: a family of fungi or order Sclerodermatales with a single-layered peridium; includes earthballs
family Sclerotiniaceae: a fungus family of order Helotiales
family Scrophulariaceae: a family of dicotyledonous plants of the order Polemoniales; includes figwort and snapdragon and foxglove and toadflax and speedwell and mullein; in some classifications placed in the order Scrophulariales
family Secotiaceae: a family of fungi that have a stalk and cap and a wrinkled mass of tissue (the gleba) where spores are produced; are often dismissed as misshapen forms of other fungi
family Selaginellaceae: lesser club mosses: terrestrial chiefly tropical plants resembling mosses
family Septobasidiaceae: a family of fungi belonging to the subdivision Basidiomycota
family Simaroubaceae: chiefly tropical trees and shrubs with bitter bark having dry usually one-seeded winged fruit
family Solanaceae: large and economically important family of herbs or shrubs or trees often strongly scented and sometimes narcotic or poisonous; includes the genera Solanum, Atropa, Brugmansia, Capsicum, Datura, Hyoscyamus, Lycopersicon, Nicotiana, Petunia, Physalis, and Solandra
family Sparganiaceae: coextensive with the genus Sparganium
family Sphaeriaceae: parasitic fungi having globose and sometimes necked or beaked perithecia
family Sphaerobolaceae: monotypic family of fungi in which the more or less spherical gleba is forcibly ejected at maturity
family Sphaerocarpaceae: liverworts with bilaterally symmetrical gametophytes; sometimes placed in the order Jungermanniales
family Staphylaceae: a family of dicotyledonous plants of order Sapindales found mostly in the north temperate zone
family Sterculiaceae: a large family of plants of order Malvales
family Strelitziaceae: woody plants with erect stems of tropical South America and South Africa and Madagascar; in some classifications included in the family Musaceae
family Strophariaceae: sometimes included in family Agaricaceae
family Styracaceae: a widely distributed family of shrubs and trees of order Ebenales
family Symplocaceae: a dicotyledonous family of order Ebenales
family Synchytriaceae: a fungus family of order Chytridiales
family Taccaceae: small family of tropical herbs
family Tamaricaceae: family of desert shrubs and trees (mostly halophytes and xerophytes)
family Taxaceae: sometimes classified as member of order Taxales
family Tecophilaeacea: one of many subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted
family Tetragoniaceae: succulent herbs or small shrubs mostly of South Africa but also New Zealand and North America: carpetweeds; fig marigolds
family Theaceae: a family of trees and shrubs of the order Parietales
family Thelephoraceae: fungi having leathery or membranous sporophores
family Thelypteridaceae: genera Thelypteris, Phegopteris, and others
family Theophrastaceae: family of mainly tropical American trees and shrubs similar to those of the Myrsinaceae; often included in the Myrsinaceae
family Thymelaeaceae: family of trees and shrubs and herbs having tough bark that are found especially in Australia and tropical Africa
family Tiliaceae: chiefly trees and shrubs of tropical and temperate regions of especially southeastern Asia and Brazil; genera Tilia, Corchorus, Entelea, Grewia, Sparmannia
family Tilletiaceae: a family of smut fungi having a simple promycelium bearing the spores in an apical cluster
family Trapaceae: family comprising solely the genus Trapa; in some classifications treated as a subfamily or tribe of the family Onagraceae
family Tremellaceae: a family of basidiomycetous fungi of the order Tremellales that have the basidium divided longitudinally
family Tricholomataceae: a family of fungi belonging to the order Agaricales
family Trilliaceae: small family of herbs having flowers with 3 petals and 3 sepals; in some classification systems considered a subfamily of the Liliaceae
family Tropaeolaceae: coextensive with the genus Tropaeolum
family Tuberaceae: family of fungi whose ascocarps resemble tubers and vary in size from that of an acorn to that of a large apple
family Tuberculariaceae: large family of mainly saprophytic imperfect fungi
family Tulostomataceae: stalked puffballs
family Typhaceae: perennial marsh plants with creeping rootstocks and long linear leaves
family Ulmaceae: a dicot family of the order Urticales including: genera Ulmus, Celtis, Planera, Trema
family Umbelliferae: plants having flowers in umbels: parsley; carrot; anise; caraway; celery; dill
family Urticaceae: a family of plants of order Urticales including many nettles with stinging hairs
family Usneaceae: fruticose lichens having prostrate or erect or pendulous thalli: genera Usnea, Evernia, Ramalina, Alectoria
family Ustilaginaceae: a fungus family of loose smuts
family Valerianaceae: genus of mostly herbs having a characteristic fetid odor
family Verbenaceae: family of New World tropical and subtropical herbs and shrubs and trees
family Violaceae: a family of order Parietales including the genera Viola, Hybanthus, Hymenanthera, Melicytus
family Viscaceae: in some classifications considered a subfamily of Loranthaceae
family Vitaceae: a family of vines belonging to order Rhamnales
family Vittariaceae: one of a number of families into which Polypodiaceae has been subdivided in some classification systems: genus Vittaria
family Volvariaceae: a family of fungi belonging to the order Agaricales
family Welwitschiaceae: in some classifications included in the Gnetaceae
family Winteraceae: small family of chiefly tropical shrubs and trees of genera Drimys and Pseudowintera; sometimes included in Magnoliaceae
family Xanthorrhoeaceae: one of many subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted
family Xylariaceae: family of fungi characterized by dark brown to black spores
family Xyridaceae: plants of tropical to temperate regions; usually in wet places
family Zamiaceae: a family of cycads often included in the family Cycadaceae: zamias
family Zannichelliaceae: alternative classification for some genera included in Potamogetonaceae; one species
family Zingiberaceae: a family of tropical monocotyledonous plants of order Musales
family Zosteraceae: used in some classifications: essentially equivalent to Potamogetonaceae
family Zygophyllaceae: small trees, shrubs, and herbs of warm arid and saline regions; often resinous; some poisonous: genera Zygophyllum, Tribulus, Guaiacum, Larrea
fan palm: palm having palmate or fan-shaped leaves
feather palm: palm having pinnate or featherlike leaves
featherfoil: a plant of the genus Hottonia
February daphne: small European deciduous shrub with fragrant lilac-colored flowers followed by red berries on highly toxic twigs
feijoa: South American shrub having edible greenish plumlike fruit
Felicia amelloides: hairy South African or Australian subshrub that has daisylike flowers with blue rays
Felicia bergeriana: softly hairy South African herb having flowers with bright blue rays
felwort: gentian of Europe and China having creamy white flowers with fringed corollas
fennel: any of several aromatic herbs having edible seeds and leaves and stems
fern: any of numerous flowerless and seedless vascular plants having true roots from a rhizome and fronds that uncurl upward; reproduce by spores
fern ally: pteridophytes of other classes than Filicopsida
fern family: families of ferns and fern allies
fern genus: genera of ferns and fern allies
fern seed: the asexual spore of ferns that resembles dust; once thought to be seeds and to make the possessor invisible
Festuca elatior: grass with wide flat leaves cultivated in Europe and America for permanent pasture and hay and for lawns
Festuca ovina: cultivated for sheep pasturage in upland regions or used as a lawn grass
fever tree: any of several trees having leaves or bark used to allay fever or thought to indicate regions free of fever
fibrous-rooted begonia: any of numerous begonias having fibrous rather than tuberous or rhizomatous roots
fibrovascular bundle: a unit strand of the vascular system in stems and leaves of higher plants consisting essentially of xylem and phloem
Ficus carica: Mediterranean tree widely cultivated for its edible fruit
Ficus carica sylvestris: wild variety of the common fig used to facilitate pollination of certain figs
Ficus diversifolia: shrub or small tree often grown as a houseplant having foliage like mistletoe
Ficus religiosa: fig tree of India noted for great size and longevity; lacks the prop roots of the banyan; regarded as sacred by Buddhists
Ficus rubiginosa: Australian tree resembling the banyan often planted for ornament; introduced into South Africa for brushwood
Ficus sycomorus: thick-branched wide-spreading tree of Africa and adjacent southwestern Asia often buttressed with branches rising from near the ground; produces cluster of edible but inferior figs on short leafless twigs; the biblical sycamore
field corn: corn grown primarily for animal feed or market grain
field crop: a crop (other than fruits or vegetables) that is grown for agricultural purposes
field pea: seed of the field pea plant
field pussytoes: a variety of pussytoes
fig leaf: a leaf from a fig tree
fig marigold: any of several South African plants of the genus Mesembryanthemum cultivated for showy pink or white flowers
fig tree: any moraceous tree of the tropical genus Ficus; produces a closed pear-shaped receptacle that becomes fleshy and edible when mature
figwort: any of numerous tall coarse woodland plants of the genus Scrophularia
Filago germanica: (literally an undutiful herb) a variety of cotton rose
filament: the stalk of a stamen
film fern: any fern of the genus Hymenophyllum growing in tropical humid regions and having translucent leaves
finger grass: any grass of the genus Chloris; occurs in short grassland especially on waste ground or poor soils
fir: nonresinous wood of a fir tree
fir cone: the seed-producing cone of a fir tree
fir: any of various evergreen trees of the genus Abies; chiefly of upland areas
Fischer's slime mushroom: a type of slime mushroom
fishtail palm: attractive East Indian palm having distinctive bipinnate foliage
Fistulina hepatica: a popular edible fungus with a cap the color of liver or raw meat; abundant in southeastern United States
Flacourtia indica: small shrubby tree of Madagascar cultivated in tropical regions as a hedge plant and for its deep red acid fruits resembling small plums
flag smut fungus: a smut fungus causing a smut in cereals and other grasses that chiefly affects leaves and stems and is characterized chains of sori within the plant tissue that later rupture releasing black masses of spores
flag: plants with sword-shaped leaves and erect stalks bearing bright-colored flowers composed of three petals and three drooping sepals
flame flower: a plant of the genus Kniphofia having long grasslike leaves and tall scapes of red or yellow drooping flowers
flame pea: any of several small shrubs or twining vines having entire or lobed leaves and racemes of yellow to orange-red flowers; Australia
Flammulina velutipes: an edible agaric that is available in early spring or late fall when few other mushrooms are; has a viscid smooth orange to brown cap and a velvety stalk that turns black in maturity and pallid gills; often occur in clusters
flannel leaf: any of various plants of the genus Verbascum having large usually woolly leaves and terminal spikes of yellow or white or purplish flowers
flat-topped white aster: a variety of aster
flax: plant of the genus Linum that is cultivated for its seeds and for the fibers of its stem
fleabane: any of several North American plants of the genus Erigeron having daisylike flowers; formerly believed to repel fleas
flesh: a soft moist part of a fruit
Flindersia australis: tall Australian timber tree yielding tough hard wood used for staves etc
Flindersia schottiana: Australian timber tree whose bark yields a poison
flooded gum: any of several Australian gum trees growing on moist or alluvial soil
floral leaf: a modified leaf that is part of a flower
floret: a diminutive flower (especially one that is part of a composite flower)
Florida arrowroot: small tough woody zamia of Florida and West Indies and Cuba; roots and half-buried stems yield an arrowroot
Florida strangler fig: a strangler tree native to southern Florida and West Indies; begins as an epiphyte eventually developing many thick aerial roots and covering enormous areas
Florida strap fern: common epiphytic or sometimes terrestrial fern having pale yellow-green strap-shaped leaves; Florida to West Indies and Mexico and south to Uruguay
flower: a plant cultivated for its blooms or blossoms
flower bud: a bud from which only a flower or flowers develop
flower cluster: an inflorescence consisting of a cluster of flowers
flower head: a shortened compact cluster of flowers so arranged that the whole gives the effect of a single flower as in clover or members of the family Compositae
flower petal: part of the perianth that is usually brightly colored
flower stalk: erect leafless flower stalk growing directly from the ground as in a tulip
flowering cherry: any of several shrubs or trees of the genus Prunus cultivated for their showy white or pink single or double blossoms
flowering fern: any fern of the genus Osmunda: large ferns with creeping rhizomes; naked sporangia are on modified fronds that resemble flower clusters
flowering glume: the lower and stouter of the two glumes immediately enclosing the floret in most Gramineae
flowering hazel: any of several Asiatic deciduous shrubs cultivated for their nodding racemes of yellow flowers that appear before the leaves
flowering maple: an ornamental plant of the genus Abutilon having leaves that resemble maple leaves
flowering quince: Asiatic ornamental shrub with spiny branches and pink or red blossoms
flowering shrub: shrub noted primarily for its flowers
flowering stone: any plant of the genus Lithops native to Africa having solitary yellow or white flowers and thick leaves that resemble stones
fly orchid: any of several dwarf creeping orchids with small bizarre insect-like hairy flowers on slender stalks
Foeniculum vulgare: strongly aromatic with a smell of aniseed; leaves and seeds used for seasoning
Foeniculum vulgare dulce: grown especially for its edible aromatic bulbous stem base
foliage: the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants
Fomes igniarius: fungus used in the preparation of punk for fuses
forestiera: any plant of the genus Forestiera
Forestiera neomexicana: spiny branching deciduous shrub of southwestern United States having clusters of insignificant yellow-white flowers appearing before leaves followed by attractive black berrylike fruits
form genus Rhizoctinia: form genus of imperfect fungi some species of which are now placed in genera Pellicularia and Corticium because their perfect stages have been found
forsythia: any of various early blooming oleaceous shrubs of the genus Forsythia; native to eastern Asia and southern Europe but widely cultivated for their branches of bright yellow bell-shaped flowers
Fortunella japonica: shrub bearing round-fruited kumquats
Fortunella margarita: shrub bearing oval-fruited kumquats
fothergilla: any of several deciduous low-growing shrubs of the genus Fothergilla having showy brushlike spikes of white flowers in spring and fiery red and orange autumn color; grows from Alabama to the Allegheny Mountains
Fouquieria columnaris: candlewood of Mexico and southwestern California having tall columnar stems and bearing honey-scented creamy yellow flowers
Fouquieria splendens: desert shrub of southwestern United States and Mexico having slender naked spiny branches that after the rainy season put forth foliage and clusters of red flowers
four o'clock: any of several plants of the genus Mirabilis having flowers that open in late afternoon
foxtail orchid: any of various orchids of the genus Rhyncostylis having pink- to purple-marked white flowers in a dense cylindrical raceme
foxtail: grasses of the genera Alopecurus and Setaria having dense silky or bristly brushlike flowering spikes
Fragaria ananassa: widely cultivated
Fragaria chiloensis: wild strawberry of western United States and South America; source of many varieties of cultivated strawberries
Fragaria vesca: Europe
Francoa ramosa: Chilean evergreen shrub having delicate spikes of small white flowers
frangipani: any of various tropical American deciduous shrubs or trees of the genus Plumeria having milky sap and showy fragrant funnel-shaped variously colored flowers
Fraxinus Americana: spreading American ash with leaves pale green or silvery beneath and having hard brownish wood
Fraxinus caroliniana: small ash of swampy areas of southeastern United States
Fraxinus cuspidata: shrubby ash of southwestern United States having fragrant white flowers
Fraxinus dipetala: shrubby California ash with showy off-white flowers
Fraxinus latifolia: timber tree of western North America yielding hard light wood; closely related to the red ash
Fraxinus nigra: vigorous spreading North American tree having dark brown heavy wood; leaves turn gold in autumn
Fraxinus ornus: southern Mediterranean ash having fragrant white flowers in dense panicles and yielding manna
Fraxinus pennsylvanica: smallish American tree with velvety branchlets and lower leaf surfaces
Fraxinus pennsylvanica subintegerrima: a variety of red ash having glossy branchlets and lower leaf surfaces
Fraxinus quadrangulata: ash of central and southern United States with bluish-green foliage and hard brown wood
Fraxinus texensis: low-growing ash of Texas
Fraxinus tomentosa: timber tree of central and southeastern United States having hairy branchlets and a swollen trunk base
Fraxinus velutina: small shrubby ash of southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico
free central placentation: where ovules develop on a central column in a compound ovary lacking septa or with septa at base only
freesia: any of several plants of the genus Freesia valued for their one-sided clusters of usually fragrant yellow or white or pink tubular flowers
French honeysuckle: European herb with small fragrant crimson or white spurred flowers
French marigold: strong-scented bushy annual with orange or yellow flower heads marked with red; Mexico and Guatemala
frijol: the common bean plant grown for the beans rather than the pods (especially a variety with large red kidney-shaped beans)
fringe tree: any of various small decorative flowering trees or shrubs of the genus Chionanthus
fringed gentian: any of various herbs of the genus Gentianopsis having the margins of the corolla lobes fringed; sometimes included in genus Gentiana
fringed grass of Parnassus: bog plant with broadly heart-shaped basal leaves and cream-colored or white saucer-shaped flowers with fringed petals; west of Rocky Mountains from Alaska to New Mexico
fringed orchid: any of several summer-flowering American orchids distinguished by a fringed or lacerated lip
fringepod: annual herb having pinnatifid basal leaves and slender racemes of small white flowers followed by one-seeded winged silicles
Fritillaria agrestis: a malodorous California herb with bell-shaped flowers; a common weed in grainfields
Fritillaria biflora: herb of southwestern United States having dark purple bell-shaped flowers mottled with green
Fritillaria imperialis: Eurasian herb with a cluster of leaves and orange-red bell-shaped flowers at the top of the stem
Fritillaria lanceolata: herb of northwestern America having green-and-purple bell-shaped flowers
Fritillaria liliaceae: California herb with white conic or bell-shaped flowers usually tinged with green
Fritillaria meleagris: Eurasian checkered lily with pendant flowers usually veined and checkered with purple or maroon on a pale ground and shaped like the bells carried by lepers in medieval times; widely grown as an ornamental
Fritillaria parviflora: California herb with brownish-purple or greenish bell-shaped flowers
Fritillaria pluriflora: California herb with pinkish purple flowers
Fritillaria recurva: western United States herb with scarlet and yellow narrow bell-shaped flowers
frog orchid: any of several green orchids of the genus Habenaria
frog's lettuce: very similar to Potamogeton; of western Africa, Asia, and Europe
frond: compound leaf of a fern or palm or cycad
fructification: organs of fruiting (especially the reproductive parts of ferns and mosses)
fruit: the ripened reproductive body of a seed plant
fruit tree: tree bearing edible fruit
fruitage: the yield of fruit
fruiting body: an organ specialized for producing spores
fruitlet: a diminutive fruit, especially one that is part of a multiple fruit
fruitwood: wood of various fruit trees (as apple or cherry or pear) used especially in cabinetwork
fuchsia: any of various tropical shrubs widely cultivated for their showy drooping purplish or reddish or white flowers; Central and South America and New Zealand and Tahiti
Fuchsia coccinea: erect or climbing shrub of Brazil with deep pink to red flowers
Fuchsia excorticata: erect deciduous shrub or tree to 10 feet with maroon flowers; New Zealand
Fumaria officinalis: delicate European herb with greyish leaves and spikes of purplish flowers; formerly used medicinally
fumed oak: oak given a weathered appearance by exposure to fumes of ammonia; used for cabinetwork
fungus: an organism of the kingdom Fungi lacking chlorophyll and feeding on organic matter; ranging from unicellular or multicellular organisms to spore-bearing syncytia
fungus family: includes lichen families
fungus genus: includes lichen genera
fungus order: the order of fungi
funicle: the stalk of a plant ovule or seed
Fusanus acuminatus: Australian tree with edible flesh and edible nutlike seed
Fuscoboletinus paluster: an edible fungus with a pinkish purple cap and stalk and a pore surface that is yellow with large angular pores that become like gills in maturity
Fuscoboletinus serotinus: an edible fungus with a broadly convex brown cap and a whitish pore surface and stalk
fuzz: filamentous hairlike growth on a plant
gaillardia: any plant of western America of the genus Gaillardia having hairy leaves and long-stalked flowers in hot vibrant colors from golden yellow and copper to rich burgundy
Gaillardia pulchella: annual of central United States having showy long-stalked yellow flower heads marked with scarlet or purple in the center
Galax urceolata: tufted evergreen perennial herb having spikes of tiny white flowers and glossy green round to heart-shaped leaves that become coppery to maroon or purplish in fall
galbulus: the seed-producing cone of a cypress tree
galea: an organ shaped like a helmet; usually a vaulted and enlarged petal as in Aconitum
Galega officinalis: tall bushy European perennial grown for its pinnate foliage and slender spikes of blue flowers; sometimes used medicinally
Galeopsis tetrahit: coarse bristly Eurasian plant with white or reddish flowers and foliage resembling that of a nettle; common as a weed in United States
Galiella rufa: the cup-shaped fruiting body of this discomycete has a jellylike interior and a short stalk
Galium aparine: annual having the stem beset with curved prickles; North America and Europe and Asia
Galium lanceolatum: bedstraw with sweetish roots
Galium mollugo: Eurasian herb with ample panicles of small white flowers; naturalized in North America
gall: abnormal swelling of plant tissue caused by insects or microorganisms or injury
gametangium: cell or organ in which gametes develop
gametoecium: gametangia and surrounding bracts
gametophore: a modified branch bearing gametangia as in the thalloid liverworts
gametophyte: the gamete-bearing individual or phase in the life cycle of a plant having alternation of generations
Garcinia gummi-gutta: low spreading tree of Indonesia yielding an orange to brown gum resin (gamboge) used as a pigment when powdered
Garcinia mangostana: East Indian tree with thick leathery leaves and edible fruit
garden pea: the flattened to cylindric inflated multi-seeded fruit of the common pea plant
garden pink: any of various flowers of plants of the genus Dianthus cultivated for their fragrant flowers
garden plant: any of a variety of plants usually grown especially in a flower or herb garden
gardenia: any of various shrubs and small trees of the genus Gardenia having large fragrant white or yellow flowers
Gardenia jasminoides: evergreen shrub widely cultivated for its large fragrant waxlike white flowers and glossy leaves
gasteromycete: any fungus of the class Gasteromycetes
Gastroboletus scabrosus: a dingy yellow brown fungus with a rough stalk that superficially resembles a bolete
Gastroboletus turbinatus: a fungus with a cap that can vary from red to dark brown; superficially resembles a bolete
Gastrocybe lateritia: a species of Gastrocybe fungus that has a conic cap and a thin stalk; at first the stalk is upright but as it matures the stalk bends over and then downward; the cap then gelatinizes and a slimy mass containing the spores falls to the ground as the stalk collapses
gastrolobium: any of various Australian evergreen shrubs of the genus Gastrolobium having whorled compound leaves poisonous to livestock and showy yellow to deep reddish-orange flowers followed by two-seeded pods
Gaultheria hispidula: slow-growing procumbent evergreen shrublet of northern North America and Japan having white flowers and numerous white fleshy rough and hairy seeds
Gaultheria procumbens: creeping shrub of eastern North America having white bell-shaped flowers followed by spicy red berrylike fruit and shiny aromatic leaves that yield wintergreen oil
Gaultheria shallon: small evergreen shrub of Pacific coast of North America having edible dark purple grape-sized berries
Gaylussacia baccata: low shrub of the eastern United States bearing shiny black edible fruit; best known of the huckleberries
Gaylussacia brachycera: creeping evergreen shrub of southeastern United States having small shiny boxlike leaves and flavorless berries
Gaylussacia frondosa: huckleberry of the eastern United States with pink flowers and sweet blue fruit
gazania: any plant of the genus Gazania valued for their showy daisy flowers
Gazania rigens: decumbent South African perennial with short densely leafy stems and orange flower rays with black eyespots at base
gean: wild or seedling sweet cherry used as stock for grafting
Geastrum coronatum: an earthstar with a bluish spore sac and a purplish brown gleba; at maturity the outer layer splits into rays that bend backward and elevate the spore sac
geebung: any of numerous shrubs and small trees having hard narrow leaves and long-lasting yellow or white flowers followed by small edible but insipid fruits
Geglossaceae: a type of ascomycetous fungus
Gelsemium sempervirens: poisonous woody evergreen vine of southeastern United States having fragrant yellow funnel-shaped flowers
gemma: small asexual reproductive structure in e.g. liverworts and mosses that detaches from the parent and develops into a new individual
genipa: any tree of the genus Genipa bearing yellow flowers and edible fruit with a thick rind
Genipa Americana: tree of the West Indies and northern South America bearing succulent edible orange-sized fruit
Genista anglica: prickly yellow-flowered shrub of the moors of New England and Europe
Genista hispanica: erect shrub of southwestern Europe having racemes of golden yellow flowers
Genista raetam: desert shrub of Syria and Arabia having small white flowers; constitutes the juniper of the Old Testament; sometimes placed in genus Genista
Genista tinctoria: small Eurasian shrub having clusters of yellow flowers that yield a dye; common as a weed in Britain and the United States; sometimes grown as an ornamental
genlisea: rootless carnivorous swamp plants having at the base of the stem a rosette of foliage and leaves consisting of slender tubes swollen in the middle to form traps; each tube passes into two long spirally twisted arms with stiff hairs
gentian: any of various plants of the family Gentianaceae especially the genera Gentiana and Gentianella and Gentianopsis
Gentiana acaulis: low-growing alpine plant cultivated for its dark glossy green leaves in basal rosettes and showy solitary bell-shaped blue flowers
Gentiana andrewsii: gentian of eastern North America having tubular blue or white flowers that open little if at all
Gentiana calycosa: tufted sometimes sprawling perennial with blue flowers spotted with green; western North America
Gentiana clausa: similar to Gentiana andrewsii but with larger flowers
Gentiana lutea: robust European perennial having clusters of yellow flowers
Gentiana pneumonanthe: perennial Eurasian gentian with sky-blue funnel-shaped flowers of damp open heaths
Gentiana saponaria: erect perennial of wet woodlands of North America having leaves and flower buds resembling those of soapwort
Gentiana villosa: a perennial marsh gentian of eastern North America
Gentianella quinquefolia: gentian of eastern North America having clusters of bristly blue flowers
Gentianopsid procera: small blue-flowered fringed gentian of east central North America
Gentianopsis crinita: tall widely distributed fringed gentian of eastern North America having violet-blue or white fringed flowers
Gentianopsis detonsa: medium-tall fringed gentian with pale-blue to blue-purple flowers; circumboreal in distribution
Gentianopsis holopetala: small blue-flowered fringed gentian of Sierra Nevada mountains
Gentianopsis thermalis: small blue-flowered fringed gentian of western United States (Rocky Mountains) especially around hot springs in Yellowstone National Park
genus Abelia: chiefly east Asian shrubs
genus Abelmoschus: genus of tropical coarse herbs having large lobed leaves and often yellow flowers
genus Abies: true firs
genus Abronia: genus of western North American herbs having showy flowers
genus Abutilon: herbs or shrubs or small trees: flowering maple; Indian mallow
genus Acacia: large genus of shrubs and trees and some woody vines of Central and South America, Africa, Australia and Polynesia: wattle; mimosa
genus Acalypha: a genus of herbs and shrubs belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae
genus Acanthocereus: mostly trailing cacti having nocturnal white flowers; tropical America and Caribbean region
genus Acanthus: bear's breeches
genus Acer: type genus of the Aceraceae; trees or shrubs having winged fruit
genus Achillea: perennial often aromatic and sometimes mat-forming herbs of north temperate regions: yarrow; milfoil
genus Achimenes: genus of tropical perennial American herbs
genus Achras: tropical trees having papery leaves and large fruit
genus Acinos: plants closely allied to the genera Satureja and Calamintha
genus Acocanthera: small genus of trees and shrubs containing strongly toxic cardiac glycosides; Arabia to Africa
genus Aconitum: genus of poisonous plants of temperate regions of northern hemisphere with a vaulted and enlarged petal
genus Acorus: sweet flags; sometimes placed in subfamily Acoraceae
genus Acrocarpus: small genus of trees of Indonesia and Malaysia
genus Acroclinium: genus of herbs and shrubs of Australia and South Africa: everlasting flower; most species usually placed in genus Helipterum
genus Acrocomia: Central and South American feather palms
genus Acrostichum: in some classification systems placed in family Polypodiaceae
genus Actaea: baneberry
genus Actinidia: small Asiatic woody vine bearing many-seeded fruit
genus Actiniopteris: terrestrial ferns of tropical Asia and Africa
genus Actinomeris: used in some classification systems for plants now included in genus Verbesina
genus Adansonia: baobab; cream-of-tartar tree
genus Adenanthera: small genus of trees of tropical Asia and Pacific areas
genus Adenium: one species: succulent shrub or tree of tropical Africa and Arabia
genus Adiantum: cosmopolitan genus of ferns: maidenhair ferns; in some classification systems placed in family Polypodiaceae or Adiantaceae
genus Adlumia: one species: climbing fumitory
genus Adonis: annual or perennial herbs
genus Aegiceras: a genus of herbs of the family Verbenaceae
genus Aegilops: goat grass
genus Aeonium: a genus of plants of the family Crassulaceae
genus Aerides: epiphytic orchids of tropical Asia having stiff leaves and fragrant white flowers in arching racemes
genus Aeschynanthus: large genus of East Indian ornamental woody epiphytic plants
genus Aesculus: deciduous trees or some shrubs of North America; southeastern Europe; eastern Asia
genus Aethionema: Old World genus of the family Cruciferae
genus Aethusa: fool's parsley
genus Aframomum: an African genus of plants of the family Zingiberaceae
genus Afrocarpus: dioecious evergreen trees or shrubs; equatorial to southern and southeastern Africa: yellowwood; similar to trees or genus Podocarpus
genus Agalinis: semiparasitic herb with purple or white or pink flowers; grows in the United States and West Indies
genus Agapanthus: small genus of South African evergreen or deciduous plants; sometimes placed in the family or subfamily Alliaceae
genus Agaricus: type genus of Agaricaceae; gill fungi having brown spores and including several edible species
genus Agastache: giant hyssop; Mexican hyssop
genus Agathis: kauri pine
genus Agave: type genus of the Agavaceae; in some classifications considered a genus of Amaryllidaceae
genus Agdestis: a genus with one species that is a rapidly growing climbing vine with tuberous roots; grown in hot climates
genus Ageratina: annual to perennial herbs or shrubs of eastern United States and Central and South America
genus Ageratum: genus of tropical American herbs grown for their flowers
genus Aglaomorpha: epiphytic ferns of tropical Asia
genus Aglaonema: climbing herbs of southeastern Asia having thick fleshy oblong leaves and naked unisexual flowers: Chinese evergreen
genus Agrimonia: genus of herbs found chiefly in north temperate regions having pinnate leaves and yellow flowers followed by bristly fruit
genus Agropyron: perennial grasses of temperate and cool regions: wheatgrass; dog grass
genus Agrostemma: a caryophylloid dicot genus including corn cockles
genus Agrostis: annual or perennial grasses cosmopolitan in northern hemisphere: bent grass (so named from `bent' meaning an area of unfenced grassland)
genus Ailanthus: small genus of east Asian and Chinese trees with odd-pinnate leaves and long twisted samaras
genus Ajuga: bugle
genus Albatrellus: a genus of fungi belonging to the family Polyporaceae
genus Albizzia: large genus of unarmed trees and shrubs of Old World tropics
genus Albuca: genus of bulbous plants of South Africa; sometimes placed in subfamily Hyacinthaceae
genus Albugo: type genus of the Albuginaceae; fungi causing white rusts
genus Alcea: genus of erect herbs of the Middle East having showy flowers: hollyhocks; in some classification systems synonymous with genus Althaea
genus Aldrovanda: one species: waterwheel plant
genus Alectoria: lichens having dark brown erect or pendulous much-branched cylindrical thallus
genus Aletris: small genus of bitter-rooted herbs of eastern North America and Asia; sometimes placed in family Melanthiaceae
genus Aleurites: candlenut
genus Alisma: small genus of aquatic or semiaquatic plants
genus Allamanda: genus of tropical American woody vines
genus Alliaria: a genus of herbs of the family Cruciferae; have broad leaves and white flowers and long siliques
genus Allionia: small genus of chiefly American herbs
genus Allium: large genus of perennial and biennial pungent bulbous plants: garlic; leek; onion; chive; sometimes placed in family Alliaceae as the type genus
genus Alnus: alders
genus Alocasia: tropical Asiatic herbs similar to Colocasia but distinguished by a large sterile spadix
genus Aloe: large genus of chiefly African liliaceous plants; in some systems placed in family Aloeaceae
genus Alopecurus: annual or perennial grasses including decorative and meadow species as well as notorious agricultural weeds
genus Alsobia: tropical American herbs sometimes included in genus Episcia
genus Alstonia: genus of evergreen trees or shrubs with white funnel-shaped flowers and milky sap; tropical Africa to southeastern Asia and Polynesia
genus Alstroemeria: genus of showy South American herbs with leafy stems; sometimes placed in family Alstroemeriaceae or in family Amaryllidaceae
genus Alternanthera: genus of low herbs of tropical America and Australia; includes genus Telanthera
genus Althaea: hollyhocks; in some classification systems synonymous with genus Alcea
genus Alyssum: a genus of the family Cruciferae
genus Amanita: genus of widely distributed agarics that have white spores and are poisonous with few exceptions
genus Amaranthus: large widely distributed genus of chiefly coarse annual herbs
genus Amaryllis: type genus of the Amaryllidaceae; bulbous flowering plants of southern Africa
genus Amauropelta: epiphytic or terrestrial ferns of America and Africa and Polynesia
genus Amberboa: herbs of Mediterranean to central Asia cultivated for their flowers
genus Ambrosia: comprising the ragweeds; in some classification considered the type genus of a separate family Ambrosiaceae
genus Amelanchier: North American deciduous trees or shrubs
genus Amianthum: one species: fly poison; sometimes placed in family Melanthiaceae
genus Ammobium: small genus of Australian herbs grown for their flowers
genus Amorpha: American herbs or shrubs usually growing in dry sunny habitats on prairies and hillsides
genus Amorphophallus: genus of large tropical east Asian cormous aroids: devil's tongue; snake palm
genus Amphicarpaea: very small genus of twining vines of North America and Asia: hog peanut
genus Amsinckia: rough annual herbs of Europe and the Americas: fiddlenecks
genus Amsonia: genus of herbs and subshrubs with milky juice and showy bluish flowers; Europe to Asia Minor to Japan and North America
genus Amygdalus: used in former classifications for peach and almond trees which are now included in genus Prunus
genus Anacardium: type genus of the Anacardiaceae: cashew
genus Anacyclus: a Spanish pellitory
genus Anadenanthera: 2 species of tropical American shrubs or trees
genus Anagallis: chiefly Old World herbs
genus Anagyris: very small genus of shrubs of southern Europe having backward curving seed pods
genus Ananas: a genus of tropical American plants have sword-shaped leaves and a fleshy compound fruits composed of the fruits of several flowers (such as pineapples)
genus Anaphalis: a genus of herbs of north temperate regions having hoary leaves: pearly everlasting
genus Anastatica: one species: rose of Jericho; resurrection plant
genus Anchusa: rough and hairy Old World herbs
genus Andira: small genus of evergreen trees of tropical America and western Africa
genus Andreaea: brown or blackish Alpine mosses having a dehiscent capsule with 4 longitudinal slits
genus Andromeda: low-growing shrubs of northern regions of northern hemisphere
genus Andropogon: tall annual or perennial grasses with spikelike racemes; warm regions
genus Andryala: a genus of hardy hairy latex-producing perennials of Mediterranean area
genus Anemia: genus of terrestrial or lithophytic ferns having pinnatifid fronds; chiefly of tropical America
genus Anemone: perennial herbs with tuberous roots and beautiful flowers; of north and south temperate regions
genus Anemonella: one species: rue anemone
genus Anemopsis: one species: yerba mansa
genus Anethum: dill
genus Angelica: biennial or perennial herbs of the northern hemisphere; have a taproot
genus Angiopteris: one species: tree fern
genus Angraecum: genus of tropical Old World epiphytic orchids with showy flowers sometimes grotesque
genus Anigozanthus: genus of monocotyledonous plants with curious woolly flowers on sturdy stems above a fan of sword-shaped leaves; includes kangaroo's paw and Australian sword lily; sometimes placed in family Amaryllidaceae
genus Annona: type genus of the Annonaceae; tropical American trees or shrubs
genus Anoectochilus: genus of delicate Asiatic orchids
genus Anogramma: a genus of ferns belonging to the family Pteridaceae
genus Antennaria: small woolly perennial herbs having small whitish discoid flowers surrounded by a ring of club-shaped bristles
genus Anthemis: dog fennel
genus Anthericum: genus of Old World (mainly African) perennial herbs; sometimes placed in family Asphodelaceae
genus Antheropeas: small genus of North American herbs often included in genus Eriophyllum
genus Anthoceros: hornworts
genus Anthriscus: chervil: of Europe, North Africa and Asia
genus Anthurium: large genus of often epiphytic evergreen tropical American plants often cultivated as houseplants
genus Anthyllis: genus of Mediterranean herbs and shrubs
genus Antirrhinum: a genus of herbs of the family Scrophulariaceae with brightly colored irregular flowers
genus Aphyllanthes: one species; small fibrous-rooted perennial with rushlike foliage and deep blue flowers; sometimes placed in its own family Aphyllanthaceae
genus Apios: twining perennial North American plants
genus Apium: celery
genus Aplectrum: a monocotyledonous genus of the family Orchidaceae
genus Apocynum: perennial herbs with small pink or white flowers
genus Aporocactus: small genus of epiphytic cacti of Mexico
genus Aquilegia: columbine
genus Arabidopsis: a genus of the mustard family having white or yellow or purplish flowers; closely related to genus Arabis
genus Arabis: annual to perennial woody herbs of temperate North America, Europe and Asia: rockcress
genus Arachis: a genus of plants with pods that ripen underground (see peanut)
genus Aralia: type genus of Araliaceae; large widely distributed genus of shrubs and trees and vines: spikenard; Hercules'-club
genus Araucaria: a genus of the araucaria family
genus Araujia: small genus of South American evergreen vines
genus Arbutus: large evergreen shrubs and trees of southern Europe and western North America: strawberry tree; madrona
genus Arceuthobium: genus of chiefly American plants parasitic on conifers
genus Arctium: burdock
genus Arctostaphylos: bearberry; manzanita
genus Arctotis: herbs and subshrubs: African daisy
genus Ardisia: tropical evergreen subshrubs (some climbers) to trees of Asia and Australasia to Americas
genus Areca: a monocotyledonous genus of palm trees
genus Arenaria: sandworts
genus Arenga: a genus of tropical Asian and Malaysian palm trees
genus Arethusa: genus of bog orchids of North America and Japan
genus Argemone: prickly poppies
genus Argyranthemum: comprises plants often included in the genus Chrysanthemum
genus Argyreia: woody climbers of tropical Asia to Australia
genus Argyroxiphium: small genus of Hawaiian spreading and rosette-forming shrubs
genus Ariocarpus: slow-growing geophytic cacti; northern and eastern Mexico; southern Texas
genus Arisaema: tuberous or rhizomatous herbaceous perennials
genus Arisarum: tuberous or rhizomatous perennial herbs; mainly Mediterranean area
genus Aristolochia: birthworts; Dutchman's-pipe
genus Aristotelia: small genus of shrubs or small trees of Australia and New Zealand and western South America
genus Armeria: shrubby or herbaceous low-growing evergreen perennials
genus Armillaria: genus of edible mushrooms having white spores an annulus and blue juice; some are edible; some cause root rot
genus Armillariella: a honey-colored diminutive form of genus Armillaria; grows in clusters; edible (when cooked) but most attention has been on how to get rid of it
genus Armoracia: horseradish
genus Arnica: large genus of herbs of north temperate and Arctic regions
genus Arnoseris: lamb succory
genus Arrhenatherum: oat grass
genus Artemisia: usually aromatic shrubs or herbs of north temperate regions and South Africa and western South America: wormwood; sagebrush; mugwort; tarragon
genus Arthropteris: tropical and subtropical Old World epiphytic or lithophytic ferns
genus Artocarpus: evergreen Asiatic trees now grown through the tropics: breadfruit; jackfruit
genus Arum: type genus of the Araceae: tuberous perennial herbs of Europe and Asia with usually heart-shaped leaves
genus Arundinaria: North American bamboo
genus Arundo: any of several coarse tall perennial grasses of most warm areas: reeds
genus Asarum: wild ginger
genus Asclepias: genus of chiefly North American perennial herbs: silkweed; milkweed
genus Asimina: pawpaw
genus Aspalathus: genus of South African heathlike shrubs
genus Asparagus: large genus of Old World perennial herbs with erect or spreading or climbing stems and small scalelike leaves and inconspicuous flowers; sometimes placed in family Asparagaceae
genus Aspergillus: genus of common molds causing food spoilage and some pathogenic to plants and animals
genus Asperula: woodruff
genus Asphodeline: genus of rhizomatous perennial or biennial herbs with numerous sometimes fragrant flowers in long cylindrical racemes; Mediterranean region to Caucasus; sometimes placed in family Asphodelaceae
genus Asphodelus: small genus of tall striking annuals or perennials with grasslike foliage and flowers in dense racemes or panicles; Mediterranean to Himalayas; sometimes placed in family Asphodelaceae
genus Aspidistra: genus of eastern Asiatic herbs; sometimes placed in the family Convallariaceae
genus Asplenium: in some classification systems placed in family Polypodiaceae
genus Aster: large genus of herbs widely cultivated for their daisylike flowers
genus Astilbe: chiefly Asiatic perennials: spirea
genus Astragalus: large genus of annual or perennial herbs or shrubs of north temperate regions; largest genus in the family Leguminosae
genus Astrantia: a genus of Eurasian herbs of the family Umbelliferae with aromatic roots and palmate leaves and showy flowers
genus Astreus: a genus of fungi belonging to the family Geastraceae
genus Astroloma: evergreen shrubs of Australia and Tasmania
genus Astronium: a genus of dicotyledonous plants of the family Anacardiaceae
genus Athrotaxis: a genus of gymnosperm
genus Athyrium: temperate and tropical lady ferns; in some classifications placed in family Polypodiaceae or in the genus Asplenium
genus Atriplex: orach; saltbush
genus Atropa: belladonna
genus Attalea: unarmed feather palms of central and northern South America
genus Aucuba: hardy evergreen dioecious shrubs and small trees from Japan
genus Aureolaria: small genus of North American herbs often root-parasitic and bearing golden-yellow flowers; sometimes placed in genus Gerardia
genus Auricularia: type genus of the Auriculariaceae
genus Austrocedrus: one species; formerly included in genus Libocedrus
genus Austrotaxus: a gymnosperm genus having one species: New Caledonian yew
genus Avena: oats
genus Averrhoa: trees native to East Indies having pinnate leaves: carambolas
genus Avicennia: small genus of tropical shrubs or trees
genus Ayapana: genus of tropical American herbs sometimes included in genus Eupatorium
genus Azadirachta: genus of large important East Indian trees: neem trees
genus Azolla: a genus of fern sometimes placed in its own family Azollaceae
genus Baccharis: shrubs of western hemisphere often having honey-scented flowers followed by silky thistlelike heads of tiny fruits; often used for erosion control
genus Ballota: perennial herbs or subshrubs of especially Mediterranean area: black horehound
genus Balsamorhiza: genus of coarse western American herbs with large roots containing an aromatic balsam
genus Bambusa: tall tender clumping bamboos
genus Banksia: important genus of Australian evergreen shrubs or trees with alternate leathery leaves and yellowish flowers
genus Baphia: small genus of shrubs and lianas and trees of Africa and Madagascar
genus Baptisia: genus of North American plants with showy flowers and an inflated pod
genus Barbarea: biennial or perennial herbs of north temperate regions: winter cress
genus Bartle-Frere: a living fossil or so-called `green dinosaur'; genus or subfamily of primitive nut-bearing trees thought to have died out 50 million years ago; a single specimen found in 1994 on Mount Bartle Frere in eastern Australia; not yet officially named
genus Bassia: summer cypress
genus Batis: small genus of plants constituting the family Batidaceae: low straggling dioecious shrubs
genus Bauhinia: mountain ebony, orchid tree
genus Beaumontia: small genus of evergreen woody vines in the East Indies and Asia
genus Begonia: large genus of tropical succulent plants widely cultivated
genus Belamcanda: a monocotyledonous genus of the family Iridaceae
genus Bellis: daisy
genus Bennettitis: type of the Bennettitales
genus Benzoin: used in some classifications for the American spicebush and certain other plants often included in the genus Lindera
genus Berberis: large genus of shrubs of temperate zones of New and Old Worlds
genus Bergenia: genus of perennial spring-blooming rhizomatous herbs with thick evergreen leaves; eastern Asia
genus Berteroa: hoary alyssum
genus Bertholletia: brazil nut
genus Bessera: small genus of cormous perennials of Mexico; sometimes placed in family Alliaceae
genus Besseya: genus of North American spring wildflowers
genus Beta: beets
genus Betula: a genus of trees of the family Betulaceae (such as birches)
genus Bidens: bur marigolds
genus Bignonia: one species: cross vine
genus Biscutella: genus of Eurasian herbs and small shrubs: buckler mustard
genus Blandfordia: small genus of tuberous Australian perennial herbs
genus Blastocladia: a genus of fungi of the family Blastodiaceae
genus Blastomyces: genus of pathogenic yeastlike fungi
genus Blechnum: in some classification systems placed in family Polypodiaceae; terrestrial ferns of cosmopolitan distribution mainly in southern hemisphere: hard ferns
genus Blephilia: small genus of North American herbs: wood mints
genus Bletia: genus of tropical American terrestrial orchids with large purple or pink flowers
genus Bletilla: small genus of chiefly east Asiatic hardy terrestrial orchids similar to genus Bletia
genus Blighia: small genus of western African evergreen trees and shrubs bearing fleshy capsular three-seeded fruits edible when neither unripe nor overripe
genus Bloomeria: small genus of bulbous perennial herbs of southwestern United States and Mexico; sometimes placed in family Alliaceae
genus Bocconia: tropical American trees or shrubs closely related to genus Macleaya
genus Boehmeria: false nettle
genus Bolbitis: terrestrial or less than normally scandent ferns of tropical regions of northern hemisphere
genus Boletellus: a genus of fungi belonging to the family Boletaceae
genus Boletus: type genus of Boletaceae; genus of soft early-decaying pore fungi; some poisonous and some edible
genus Boltonia: genus of tall leafy perennial herbs of eastern America and eastern Asia having flowers that resemble asters
genus Bomarea: large genus of tropical American vines having showy often spotted umbellate flowers; sometimes placed in family Liliaceae especially subfamily Alstroemeriaceae
genus Bombax: trees of chiefly South America
genus Borago: perennial herbs of the Mediterranean region
genus Borassus: palmyra
genus Boswellia: genus of trees of North Africa and India that yield incense
genus Botrychium: grape fern; moonwort
genus Bougainvillaea: ornamental tropical woody vines
genus Bouteloua: forage grasses
genus Bowiea: small genus of tropical African perennial bulbous herbs with deciduous twining stems; sometimes placed in family Hyacinthaceae
genus Boykinia: genus of perennial rhizomatous herbs with flowers in panicles; North America; Japan
genus Brachychiton: Australian trees (usually with swollen trunks)
genus Brachycome: mostly Australian herbs having basal or alternate leaves and loosely corymbose flower heads
genus Brachystegia: small genus of tropical African timber trees having pale golden heartwood uniformly striped with dark brown or black:
genus Brasenia: alternatively, a member of the family Nymphaeaceae
genus Brassavola: genus of tropical American epiphytic or lithophytic rhizomatous orchids
genus Brassia: genus of tropical American epiphytic orchids having striking axillary racemes of yellow to green spiderlike flowers with long slender sepals and warty lips: spider orchids
genus Brassica: mustards: cabbages; cauliflowers; turnips; etc.
genus Brickelia: genus of herbs of southwestern America having usually creamy florets followed by one-seeded fruits in a prominent bristly sheath
genus Brodiaea: genus of western United States bulbous plants with basal leaves and variously colored flowers; sometimes placed in family Alliaceae
genus Bromus: a genus of grasses of the family Gramineae
genus Broussonetia: paper mulberry
genus Browallia: small genus of tropical South American annuals
genus Bruckenthalia: a genus containing only one species: spike heath
genus Brugmansia: includes some plants often placed in the genus Datura: angel's trumpets
genus Brunfelsia: genus of tropical American shrubs grown for their flowers followed by fleshy berrylike fruits
genus Brya: genus of prickly shrubs and small trees of the Caribbean region; source of a durable hardwood
genus Bryanthus: a genus allied to and once included in genus Phyllodoce
genus Bryonia: climbing perennial herbs: bryony
genus Bryum: type genus of the Bryaceae: mosses distinguished by mostly erect and tufted gametophytes and symmetrical short-necked capsules
genus Buchloe: buffalo grass
genus Buckleya: small genus of Asiatic and American parasitic shrubs
genus Buddleia: shrubs or trees of warm regions
genus Bulnesia: palo santo
genus Bumelia: deciduous or evergreen American shrubs small trees having very hard wood and milky latex
genus Buphthalmum: oxeye
genus Burmannia: type genus of the Burmanniaceae; slender herbs of warm regions with leaves resembling scales and flowers with a three-angled or three-winged perianth
genus Bursera: type genus of Burseraceae; tropical and subtropical American shrubs and trees some yielding timber and gum elemi
genus Butea: genus of East Indian trees or shrubs: dhak
genus Buxus: type genus of the Buxaceae
genus Cabomba: alternatively, a member of the family Nymphaeaceae; a small genus of American aquatic plants
genus Cacalia: genus of tall smooth herbs of forested mountains of Europe and Asia minor; in some classifications includes many plants usually placed in genus Emilia
genus Caesalpinia: small spiny tropical trees or shrubs; includes the small genus or subgenus Poinciana
genus Cajanus: erect densely branched shrubby perennials of Old World tropics; naturalized in other warm regions
genus Cakile: small genus of succulent annual herbs found on sandy shores of North America and Europe
genus Caladenia: terrestrial orchids of Australia to New Caledonia
genus Caladium: small genus of tropical South American tuberous perennials with large variously colored leaves
genus Calamagrostis: reed grass
genus Calamintha: calamint
genus Calamus: distinctive often spiny-stemmed palms found as climbers in tropical and subtropical forest
genus Calandrinia: large genus of low-growing herbs; widespread throughout tropical and warm temperate regions having usually basal leaves and panicles of purplish ephemeral flowers
genus Calanthe: large and widely distributed genus of terrestrial orchids
genus Calceolaria: large genus of tropical American herbs and shrubs with showy cymose flowers
genus Calendula: marigold
genus Calla: water arum
genus Calliandra: genus of pinnate-leaved shrubs and small trees of tropical and subtropical North and South America and India and West Africa
genus Callirhoe: small genus of North American herbs having usually red or purple flowers
genus Callistephus: one species: erect Asiatic herb with large flowers
genus Callitriche: water starworts
genus Callitris: evergreen monoecious coniferous trees or shrubs: cypress pines
genus Calluna: one species
genus Calocarpum: a genus of tropical American trees of the family Sapotaceae
genus Calocedrus: tall evergreens of western North America and eastern Asia; formerly included in genus Libocedrus
genus Calochortus: large genus of western North American leafy-stemmed bulbous herbs
genus Calophyllum: genus of tropical evergreen trees
genus Calopogon: terrestrial orchids of North America
genus Caltha: a genus of Caltha
genus Calvatia: genus of puffballs having outer casings whose upper parts break at maturity into angular pieces to expose the spores
genus Calycanthus: a magnoliid dicot genus of the family Calycanthaceae including: allspice
genus Calycophyllum: medium to large tropical American trees having shiny reddish-brown shredding bark
genus Calypso: one species found throughout much of northern North America and Eurasia
genus Calystegia: climbing or scrambling herbs: bindweed
genus Camelina: annual and biennial herbs of Mediterranean to central Asia
genus Camellia: tropical Asiatic evergreen shrubs or small trees
genus Campanula: large genus of herbs grown for their blossoms: bellflowers
genus Camptosorus: classification used in some especially former systems for plants usually placed in genus Asplenium
genus Campyloneurum: epiphytic ferns of tropical America
genus Canangium: a genus of Malayan tree
genus Canavalia: herbs or woody vines of mainly American tropics and subtropics
genus Candida: a genus of yeastlike imperfect fungi; sometimes included in genus Monilia of the family Moniliaceae
genus Canella: one species
genus Canna: type and sole genus of the Cannaceae: perennial lily-like herbs of New World tropics
genus Cannabis: hemp: genus of coarse annuals native to central Asia and widely naturalized in north temperate regions; in some classifications included in the family Moraceae
genus Cantharellus: a well-known genus of fungus; has funnel-shaped fruiting body; includes the chanterelles
genus Capparis: tropical or subtropical evergreen shrubs or small trees
genus Capsella: shepherd's purse
genus Capsicum: chiefly tropical perennial shrubby plants having many-seeded fruits: sweet and hot peppers
genus Caragana: large genus of Asiatic deciduous shrubs or small trees
genus Cardamine: bittercress, bitter cress
genus Cardiospermum: tendril-climbing herbs or shrubs whose seeds have a white heart-shaped spot
genus Carduus: genus of annual or perennial Old World prickly thistles
genus Carex: large genus of plants found in damp woodlands and bogs and ditches or at water margins: sedges
genus Carica: type genus of the Caricaceae; tropical American trees: papayas
genus Carissa: Old World genus of tropical evergreen usually spiny shrubs
genus Carlina: genus of Mediterranean thistles
genus Carnegiea: caryophylloid dicot genus with only one species: saguaro
genus Carpenteria: one species; sometimes placed in family Saxifragaceae
genus Carpinus: mostly deciduous monoecious trees or shrubs: hornbeams; sometimes placed in subfamily Carpinaceae
genus Carpobrotus: a caryophyllaceous genus of Carpobrotus
genus Carthamus: safflower
genus Carum: caraway
genus Carya: genus of large deciduous nut-bearing trees; United States and China
genus Caryocar: type genus of the Caryocaraceae; South American trees yielding strong fine-grained wood and edible nuts
genus Caryota: fishtail palms
genus Cassia: some genus Cassia species often classified as members of the genus Senna or genus Chamaecrista
genus Cassiope: low tufted evergreen shrubs of colder parts of north temperate regions having moss-like foliage and nodding white or pink flowers
genus Castanea: chestnuts; chinkapins
genus Castanopsis: evergreen trees and shrubs of warm regions valued for their foliage; southeastern United States and eastern Australia and northern New Zealand
genus Castanospermum: a rosid dicot genus of the subfamily Papilionoideae having one species: Moreton Bay chestnut
genus Castilleia: genus of western North and South American perennials often partially parasitic on roots of grasses
genus Casuarina: genus of trees and shrubs widely naturalized in southern United States and West Indies; coextensive with the family Casuarinaceae and order Casuarinales
genus Catalpa: a dicotyledonous genus of plants belonging to the family Bignoniaceae; has large flowers (white or mottled) and long terete pods
genus Catananche: genus of Mediterranean herbs: cupid's dart
genus Catasetum: genus of tropical American orchids having showy male and female flowers usually on separate inflorescences
genus Catha: a genus of African evergreen shrubs characterized by thick leaves and white flowers
genus Catharanthus: small genus of erect annual or perennial herbs native to Madagascar; widely naturalized in the tropics; formerly included in genus Vinca
genus Cathaya: one species; related to Pseudotsuga and Larix
genus Cattleya: large and highly valued genus of beautiful tropical American epiphytic or lithophytic orchids; the typical orchids; known in many varieties
genus Caulophyllum: blue cohosh
genus Cecropia: large genus of tropical American trees that yield a bast fiber used for cordage and bark used in tanning; milky juice yields caoutchouc
genus Cedrela: tropical American trees
genus Cedrus: true cedars
genus Ceiba: tropical American trees with palmately compound leaves and showy bell-shaped flowers
genus Celastrus: genus of woody vines and erect shrubs (type genus of the Celastraceae) that is native chiefly to Asia and Australia: includes bittersweet
genus Celosia: annual or perennial herbs or vines of tropical and subtropical America and Asia and Africa
genus Celtis: large genus of trees and shrubs with berrylike fruit
genus Cenchrus: a genus of grasses of the family Gramineae that have burs
genus Centaurea: knapweed; star thistle
genus Centaurium: genus of low-growing herbs mostly of northern hemisphere having flowers with protruding spirally twisted anthers
genus Centranthus: genus of southern European herbs and subshrubs
genus Centrolobium: a genus of Centrolobium
genus Centrosema: a genus of chiefly tropical American vines of the family Leguminosae having trifoliate leaves and large flowers
genus Centunculus: a dicotyledonous genus of the family Primulaceae
genus Cephalanthera: small genus of temperate Old World terrestrial orchids
genus Cephalotaxus: the genus of Cephalotaxus (see plum-yews)
genus Cephalotus: one species: Australian pitcher plant
genus Cerastium: mouse-eared chickweed
genus Ceratonia: carobs
genus Ceratopetalum: a dicotyledonous genus of the family Cunoniaceae
genus Ceratophyllum: constituting the family Ceratophyllaceae: hornworts
genus Ceratopteris: water ferns
genus Ceratostomella: genus of fungi forming continuous hyaline spores
genus Ceratozamia: small genus of Mexican cycads; sometimes classified in family Cycadaceae
genus Cercidiphyllum: one species: katsura tree
genus Cercidium: spiny shrubs or small trees sometimes placed in genus Parkinsonia: paloverde
genus Cercis: deciduous shrubs and trees of eastern Asia, southern Europe and the United States
genus Cercospora: form genus of imperfect fungi that are leaf parasites with long slender spores
genus Cercosporella: form genus of imperfect fungi lacking pigment in the spores and conidiophores
genus Cereus: genus of much-branched treelike or shrubby cacti with pronounced ribs and rounded needlelike spines and nocturnal flowers usually white
genus Ceroxylon: wax palms
genus Cestrum: genus of fragrant tropical American shrubs
genus Ceterach: small genus of Old World ferns; superseded in some classification systems which place plants of this genus in e.g. genera Asplenium and Pleurosorus
genus Cetraria: foliose lichens chiefly of northern latitudes
genus Chaenactis: genus of flowering herbs of western United States
genus Chaenomeles: flowering quince
genus Chamaecrista: genus of tropical herbs or subshrubs having sensitive leaves and suddenly dehiscing pods; some species placed in genus Cassia
genus Chamaecyparis: a genus of Chamaecyparis
genus Chamaecytisus: small late-flowering trees or subshrubs having yellow to red flowers and leathery or woody pods; often especially formerly included in genus Cytisus
genus Chamaedaphne: one species: leatherleaf
genus Chamaemelum: small genus of plants sometimes included in genus Anthemis: chamomile
genus Cheilanthes: small evergreen ferns: lipferns; in some classifications placed in family Polypodiaceae or Adiantaceae
genus Cheiranthus: Old World perennial plants grown for their showy flowers
genus Chelidonium: one species: greater celandine
genus Chelone: herbaceous perennials: shellflower
genus Chenopodium: goosefoot; pigweed
genus Chilopsis: one species: desert willow
genus Chimaphila: small genus of evergreen herbs with long creeping rootstocks and shining leaves; North America; Europe; east Asia
genus Chimonanthus: small genus of Asian deciduous or evergreen shrubs having fragrant flowers: winter sweet
genus Chinchona: large genus of trees of Andean region of South America having medicinal bark
genus Chiococca: shrubs of tropical and subtropical New World
genus Chionanthus: deciduous trees or shrubs: fringe tree
genus Chloranthus: type genus of the Chloranthaceae
genus Chloris: tufted or perennial or annual grasses having runners: finger grass; windmill grass
genus Chlorophyllum: a genus of fungus belonging to the family Lepiotaceae
genus Chloroxylon: deciduous trees of India and Sri Lanka
genus Chordospartium: 2 species of small New Zealand trees: weeping tree broom; endangered
genus Chorizema: genus of Australian twining vines and small shrubs: flame peas
genus Christella: medium to large terrestrial ferns of tropical forests of Old World to Americas
genus Chrysanthemum: in some classifications many plants usually assigned to the genus Chrysanthemum have been divided among other genera: e.g. Argyranthemum; Dendranthema; Leucanthemum; Tanacetum
genus Chrysobalanus: coco plums
genus Chrysolepis: two species: golden chinkapins
genus Chrysophyllum: tropical American evergreen trees or shrubs
genus Chrysopsis: golden aster
genus Chrysosplenium: genus of widely distributed semiaquatic herbs with minute greenish-yellow apetalous flowers
genus Chrysothamnus: genus of low branching shrubs of western North America
genus Cibotium: in some classification systems placed in family Cyatheaceae: ornamental tree ferns with coarse gracefully drooping fronds
genus Cicer: chickpea plant; Asiatic herbs
genus Cichorium: chicory
genus Cicuta: small genus of perennial herbs having deadly poisonous tuberous roots: water hemlock
genus Cimicifuga: small genus of perennial herbs of north temperate regions: bugbane
genus Cinnamomum: Asiatic and Australian aromatic trees and shrubs
genus Circaea: enchanter's nightshade
genus Cirsium: plume thistles
genus Cistus: small to medium-sized evergreen shrubs of southern Europe and North Africa
genus Citroncirus: a cross between Citrus sinensis and Poncirus trifoliata
genus Citrullus: a dicot genus of the family Cucurbitaceae including watermelons
genus Citrus: orange; lemon; lime; etc.
genus Cladonia: type genus of Cladoniaceae; lichens characterized by a crustose thallus and capitate fruiting bodies borne on simple or branched podetia
genus Cladrastis: yellowwoods
genus Clathrus: type genus of the Clathraceae
genus Claviceps: fungi parasitic upon the ovaries of various grasses
genus Claytonia: genus of mainly North American succulent herbs with white or pink flowers usually in terminal racemes
genus Cleistes: terrestrial orchids of North and South America having slender fibrous roots; allied to genus Pogonia
genus Clematis: large genus of deciduous or evergreen woody vines or erect herbs
genus Cleome: tropical and subtropical annual or perennial herbs or low shrubs
genus Clethra: type and sole genus of the Clethraceae; deciduous shrubs or small trees: white alder, summer-sweet
genus Clianthus: genus of semi-prostrate Australasian shrubs or vines
genus Cliftonia: one species: titi
genus Clinopodium: wild basil
genus Clintonia: sometimes placed in family Convallariaceae
genus Clitocybe: a genus of agarics with white to pale yellow spore deposits and fleshy stalks centrally attached to the cap and closely attached gills
genus Clitoria: genus of tropical shrubs or vines having pinnate leaves and large axillary flowers
genus Clusia: tropical American aromatic trees or shrubs; often epiphytic; some stranglers
genus Cnicus: one species: blessed thistle
genus Cnidoscolus: a genus of perennial plant with bristles; belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae
genus Cocculus: climbing plants or shrubs
genus Cochlearia: a genus of the family Cruciferae
genus Cocos: coconut palms
genus Codariocalyx: used in some classifications for plants usually included in genus Desmodium
genus Codiaeum: evergreen tropical trees and shrubs with thick and colorful leathery leaves; Malaya and Pacific islands
genus Coeloglossum: terrestrial orchids of cooler parts of North America and Europe: satyr orchid
genus Coelogyne: large diverse genus of tropical Asiatic epiphytic orchids
genus Coffea: coffee trees
genus Cola: large genus of African trees bearing kola nuts
genus Colchicum: chiefly fall-blooming perennial cormous herbs; sometimes placed in family Colchicaceae
genus Coleus: genus of Old World tropical plants cultivated for their variegated leaves; various plants sometimes placed in genera Plectranthus or Solenostemon
genus Collinsia: genus of hardy annual herbs of western United States
genus Collinsonia: small genus of perennial erect or spreading aromatic herbs; United States
genus Colocasia: small genus of perennial tuberous herbs of tropical Asia: taro
genus Colubrina: mostly tropical American shrubs or small trees with small yellowish flowers and yellow or red fruits
genus Columnea: genus of tropical American subshrubs and lianas
genus Colutea: small genus of Eurasian shrubs with yellow flowers and bladdery pods
genus Comandra: small genus of chiefly North American parasitic plants
genus Combretum: type genus of the Combretaceae: tropical and subtropical small shrubs and trees
genus Commelina: type genus of the Commelinaceae; large genus of herbs of branching or creeping habit: day flower; widow's tears
genus Commiphora: genus of East Indian and African trees yielding balsamic products
genus Comptonia: one species: sweet fern
genus Coniogramme: terrestrial ferns of Pacific islands and Asia
genus Conium: small genus of highly toxic biennials: hemlock
genus Connarus: large genus of tropical trees and shrubs; type genus of the Connaraceae
genus Conocarpus: monotypic genus of tropical American trees: button tree
genus Conoclinium: mistflower
genus Conopodium: a genus of dicotyledonous plants of the family Umbelliferae
genus Conospermum: Australian shrubs (some trees) with flowers in dense spikes: smoke bush
genus Conradina: small genus of low aromatic shrubs of southeastern United States
genus Consolida: plants having flowers resembling the larkspur's but differing from larkspur's in the arrangement of petals; sometimes included in genus Delphinium
genus Convallaria: sometimes placed in family Convallariaceae: lily of the valley
genus Convolvulus: genus of mostly climbing or scrambling herbs and shrubs: bindweed
genus Conyza: common American weed or wildflower
genus Copernicia: slow-growing tropical fan palms
genus Coprinus: genus of black-spotted agarics in which the cap breaks down at maturity into an inky fluid; sometimes placed in its own family Coprinaceae
genus Coptis: small genus of low perennial herbs having yellow rhizomes and white or yellow flowers
genus Corallorhiza: genus of leafless root-parasitic orchids having small purplish or yellowish racemose flowers with lobed lips; widely distributed in temperate regions
genus Corchorus: widely distributed genus of tropical herbs or subshrubs; especially Asia
genus Cordaites: tall Paleozoic trees superficially resembling modern screw pines; structurally intermediate in some ways between cycads and conifers
genus Cordia: tropical deciduous or evergreen trees or shrubs of the family Boraginaceae
genus Cordyline: Asiatic and Pacific trees or shrubs; fragments of the trunk will regrow to form whole plants
genus Coreopsis: genus of American plants widely cultivated for their flowers
genus Coriandrum: small genus of annual Mediterranean herbs
genus Cornus: a rosid dicot genus of the family Cornaceae including: dogwood; cornel: perennial chiefly deciduous shrubs or small trees of temperate regions of northern hemisphere
genus Corokia: evergreen shrubs with intricately twisted wiry stems that in summer are smothered in small yellow flowers; grows in New Zealand
genus Coronilla: genus of Old World shrubs and herbs
genus Corozo: a monocotyledonous genus of tropical American palm trees
genus Cortaderia: tall ornamental grasses of South America and New Zealand and New Guinea: pampas grass
genus Corticium: genus of fungi having simple smooth sporophores; some are parasitic on wood or economic crops; some species formerly placed in form genus Rhizoctinia
genus Cortinarius: the largest genus in the Agaricales; agarics having rusty spores and prominent cortinae (cobwebby partial veils)
genus Coryanthes: small genus of tropical American epiphytic or lithophytic orchids
genus Corydalis: annual or perennial herbs of Himalayan China and South Africa
genus Corylopsis: small genus of deciduous shrubs of temperate regions of Asia
genus Corylus: deciduous monoecious nut-bearing shrubs of small trees: hazel; sometimes placed in the subfamily or family Corylaceae
genus Corypha: large fan palms of tropical Asia to Australia
genus Coryphantha: mainly globose cacti of southwestern United States and Mexico covered with many nodules; superficially resembling and formerly included in genus Mammillaria
genus Cosmos: genus of tropical American plants cultivated for their colorful flowers
genus Cotinus: smoke trees
genus Cotoneaster: genus of deciduous or evergreen Old World shrubs widely cultivated
genus Cotula: cosmopolitan herbs especially southern hemisphere; many used as ground covers
genus Coumarouna: tropical American trees: tonka beans
genus Crambe: annual or perennial herbs with large leaves that resemble the leaves of cabbages
genus Craspedia: herbs of Australia and New Zealand
genus Crassula: type genus of Crassulaceae; herbs and small shrubs having woody stems and succulent aerial parts
genus Crataegus: thorny shrubs and small trees: hawthorn; thorn; thorn apple
genus Crateva: tropical genus of small trees or shrubs
genus Crepis: hawk's-beard; cosmopolitan in northern hemisphere
genus Crescentia: a genus of tropical American trees of the family Bignoniaceae; has a short trunk and crooked limbs and drooping branches
genus Crocus: a monocotyledonous genus of the family Iridaceae
genus Cronartium: rust fungi having aecia produced in raised or swollen sori and teliospores borne in waxy columns
genus Crotalaria: large genus of herbs with simple leaves and racemes of yellow flowers; mainly of tropical Africa
genus Croton: tropical shrubs and herbs; source of croton oil
genus Cryptocoryne: water trumpet; aquatic herbs having broad leaves and long slender spathes; often used as aquarium plants
genus Cryptogramma: sometimes placed in family Polypodiaceae or Cryptogrammataceae
genus Cryptomeria: Japanese cedar; sugi
genus Cucumis: cucumbers; muskmelons
genus Cucurbita: type genus of the Cucurbitaceae
genus Culcita: includes some plants usually placed in e.g. genus Dicksonia: terrestrial ferns resembling bracken; tropical America; Malaysia to Australia and Polynesia; southwestern Europe and Atlantic islands
genus Cuminum: cumin
genus Cupressus: type genus of Cupressaceae
genus Curcuma: tropical Asiatic perennial herbs
genus Curtisia: a large evergreen tree of South Africa
genus Cuscuta: genus of twining leafless parasitic herbs lacking chlorophyll: dodder
genus Cyamopsis: small genus of annual usually hairy herbs of tropical Africa and Arabia
genus Cyathea: type genus of the Cyatheaceae: tree ferns of the tropical rain forest to temperate woodlands
genus Cycas: type genus of Cycadaceae: genus of widely distributed Old World evergreen tropical trees having pinnate leaves and columnar stems covered with persistent bases of old leaves
genus Cyclamen: genus of widely cultivated flowering Eurasian herbs with centrally depressed rounded tubers and rounded heart-shaped leaves
genus Cycloloma: a caryophyllaceous genus of the family Chenopodiaceae
genus Cyclophorus: tropical Old World ferns having closely crowded circular sori and no indusia
genus Cyclosorus: small genus of terrestrial ferns of tropical and subtropical southern hemisphere
genus Cycnoches: genus of epiphytic or terrestrial tropical American orchids
genus Cydonia: quince
genus Cymbidium: genus of tropical epiphytic or terrestrial Old World orchids; one of the most popular orchid genera
genus Cynancum: genus of perennial tropical African lianas
genus Cynara: artichoke; cardoon
genus Cynodon: creeping perennial grasses of tropical and southern Africa
genus Cynoglossum: a large genus of tall rough herbs belonging to the family Boraginaceae
genus Cyperus: type genus of Cyperaceae; grasslike rhizomatous herbs; cosmopolitan except very cold regions
genus Cyphomandra: tree tomato
genus Cypripedium: genus of chiefly American perennial leafy-stemmed orchids: lady's slippers; sometimes includes species of genus Paphiopedilum
genus Cyrilla: one species: trees and shrubs having flowers with acute or twisted petals and wingless fruit
genus Cyrtomium: small genus of tropical Asiatic greenhouse ferns; in some classifications placed in Polypodiaceae
genus Cystopteris: chiefly small perennial rock ferns: bladder ferns; in some classifications placed in Polypodiaceae
genus Cytisus: large genus of stiff or spiny evergreen or deciduous Old World shrubs: broom
genus Daboecia: a dicotyledonous genus of the family Ericaceae
genus Dacrycarpus: evergreen coniferous shrubs or trees of New Zealand to Malaysia and Philippines
genus Dacrydium: Australasian evergreen trees or shrubs
genus Dacrymyces: type genus of the Dacrymycetaceae: fungi with a bifurcate basidium that lacks septa
genus Dactylis: a monocotyledonous grass of the family Gramineae (has only one species)
genus Dactyloctenium: a monocotyledonous genus of the family Gramineae
genus Dactylorhiza: genus of terrestrial orchids of Europe and Asia and North Africa
genus Dahlia: genus of perennial tuberous plants of Mexico and Central America
genus Dalbergia: large genus of tropical trees having pinnate leaves and paniculate flowers and cultivated commercially for their dramatically grained and colored timbers
genus Dalea: indigo bush
genus Danaea: fairly small terrestrial ferns of tropical America
genus Daphne: usually evergreen Eurasian shrubs
genus Darlingtonia: one species: California pitcher plant
genus Datura: thorn apple
genus Daucus: carrot
genus Davallia: Old World tropical fern; in some classification systems placed directly in family Polypodiaceae
genus Daviesia: genus of Australasian shrubs and subshrubs having small yellow or purple flowers followed by short triangular pods
genus Decumaria: small genus of woody climbers with adhesive aerial roots; sometimes placed in family Saxifragaceae
genus Delairea: one species: German ivy
genus Delonix: evergreen or deciduous trees of tropical Africa and India
genus Delphinium: large genus of chiefly perennial erect branching herbs of north temperate regions some poisonous
genus Dendranthema: comprises plants often included in the genus Chrysanthemum
genus Dendrobium: large genus and variable genus of chiefly epiphytic or lithophytic orchids of tropical and subtropical Asia and Australasia
genus Dendrocalamus: giant clump-forming bamboos
genus Dendromecon: one species: bush poppy
genus Dennstaedtia: chiefly terrestrial ferns; in some classification systems placed in family Polypodiaceae
genus Dentaria: usually included in genus Cardamine; in some classifications considered a separate genus
genus Deparia: classification used for 5 species of terrestrial ferns usually placed in other genera
genus Derris: genus of Old World tropical shrubs and woody vines
genus Descurainia: includes annual or biennial herbs of America and Europe very similar to and often included among those of genera Sisymbrium or Hugueninia; not recognized in some classification systems
genus Desmanthus: genus of American herbs or shrubs with sensitive pinnate leaves and small whitish flowers
genus Desmodium: beggarweed; tick trefoil
genus Deutzia: genus of ornamental mostly deciduous shrubs native to Asia and Central America; widespread in cultivation; sometimes placed in family Saxifragaceae
genus Diacalpa: one species: delicate fern of foothills of Himalayas
genus Dianthus: carnations and pinks
genus Diapensia: type genus of Diapensiaceae
genus Dicentra: North American and Asian herbs with divided leaves and irregular flowers
genus Dichondra: genus of chiefly tropical prostrate perennial herbs with creeping stems that root at the nodes
genus Dicksonia: tree ferns of temperate Australasia having bipinnatifid or tripinnatifid fronds and usually marginal sori; in some classification systems placed in family Cyatheaceae
genus Dicranopteris: terrestrial ferns of forest margin or open ground; pantropical
genus Dicranum: type genus of Dicranaceae
genus Dictamnus: a dicotyledonous genus of the family Rutaceae
genus Dictostylium: genus of slime molds that grow on dung and decaying vegetation
genus Dictyophera: closely related to genus Phallus distinguished by an indusium hanging like a skirt from below the pileus
genus Dieffenbachia: evergreen perennial herbs of tropical America with lush foliage and poisonous sap; often cultivated as houseplants
genus Diervilla: small genus of low deciduous shrubs: bush honeysuckles
genus Digitalis: genus of Eurasian herbs having alternate leaves and racemes of showy bell-shaped flowers
genus Digitaria: crab grass; finger grass
genus Dillenia: East Indian and Australian shrubs and trees having panicles of large white or yellow flowers
genus Dimocarpus: longan
genus Dimorphotheca: South African herbs or subshrubs with usually yellow flowers
genus Dionaea: a genus of the family Droseraceae
genus Dioon: small genus of arborescent cycads of Mexico and Central America; sometimes classified in family Cycadaceae
genus Dioscorea: yams
genus Diospyros: a genus of trees or shrubs that have beautiful and valuable wood
genus Dipladenia: genus of tropical South American tuberous perennial woody vines with large racemose flowers and milky sap
genus Diplopterygium: scandent thicket-forming ferns of Asia to western Pacific
genus Diplotaxis: wall rocket
genus Dipogon: one species: Australian pea
genus Dipsacus: type genus of the Dipsacaceae: teasel
genus Dipteronia: small genus of large deciduous shrubs having large clusters of winged seeds that turn red as they mature; central and southern China
genus Dirca: deciduous shrub of North America: leatherwood
genus Disa: genus of showy tropical African terrestrial orchids
genus Discina: a genus of fungi of the family Helvellaceae with a cup-shaped or saucer-shaped fruiting body and ornamented spores
genus Dodonaea: a genus of tropical shrub or tree
genus Dolichos: genus of chiefly tropical vines often placed in genera Dipogon or Lablab or Macrotyloma
genus Dombeya: genus of African shrubs or small trees
genus Doodia: in some classification systems placed in family Polypodiaceae; small terrestrial colony-forming ferns of Australasia
genus Doronicum: genus of Eurasian perennial tuberous or rhizomatous herbs: leopard's bane
genus Dorotheanthus: a caryophyllaceous genus of Dorotheanthus
genus Doryopteris: small to medium tropical tufted ferns; sometimes placed in family Adiantaceae
genus Dovyalis: small genus of sometimes spiny shrubs or small trees; Africa; India; Sri Lanka
genus Draba: large genus of low tufted herbs of temperate and Arctic regions
genus Dracaena: Old World tropical plants with branches ending in tufts of sword-shaped leaves; in some classifications considered a genus of Liliaceae
genus Dracocephalum: genus of American herbs and dwarf shrubs of the mint family: dragonheads
genus Dracontium: small genus of tropical American cormous herbs
genus Dracula: comprises tropical American species usually placed in genus Masdevallia: diminutive plants having bizarre and often sinister-looking flowers with pendulous scapes and motile lips
genus Dracunculus: tuberous herbaceous perennials: dragon arum
genus Drimys: shrubs and trees of southern hemisphere having aromatic foliage
genus Drosera: the type genus of Droseraceae including many low bog-inhabiting insectivorous plants
genus Drosophyllum: one species
genus Dryadella: comprises tropical American species usually placed in genus Masdevallia: very dwarf plants having short tufted and usually unifoliate stems with usually solitary flowers
genus Dryas: mountain avens
genus Drymoglossum: epiphytic ferns of Madagascar to tropical Asia and New Guinea
genus Drynaria: large robust epiphytic ferns of tropical forest and scrub; Africa and Asia and Australia
genus Dryopteris: large widespread genus of medium-sized terrestrial ferns; in some classification systems placed in Polypodiaceae
genus Drypis: one species
genus Durio: a genus of tall Asian trees of the family Bombacaceae
genus Eburophyton: a monocotyledonous genus of the family Orchidaceae
genus Ecballium: exploding cucumber; squirting cucumber
genus Echinacea: small genus of North American coarse perennial herbs
genus Echinocactus: globular or cylindrical cacti; southwestern United States to Brazil
genus Echinocereus: large genus of low-growing shrubby ribbed cacti of Mexico and southwestern United States
genus Echinochloa: annual or perennial succulent grasses of warm regions
genus Echinops: genus of Mediterranean and Eurasian herbs: globe thistles
genus Echium: a genus of bristly herbs and shrubs of the family Boraginaceae
genus Egeria: small genus of dioecious tropical aquatic plants
genus Eichhornia: water hyacinth; water orchid
genus Elaeagnus: oleaster
genus Elaeis: oil palms
genus Elaeocarpus: type genus of the family Elaeocarpaceae
genus Eleocharis: sedges having dense spikes of flowers and leaves reduced to basal sheaths
genus Elephantopus: perennial American herb
genus Elettaria: cardamom
genus Eleusine: annual and perennial grasses of savannas and upland grasslands
genus Elodea: submerged freshwater perennials
genus Elsholtzia: genus of Asiatic and African aromatic herbs
genus Elymus: tall tufted perennial grasses (such as lyme grass or wild rye)
genus Embothrium: small genus of South American evergreen shrubs or small trees with long willowy branches and flowers in flamboyant terminal clusters
genus Emilia: tropical African herbs
genus Emmanthe: one species: yellow bells
genus Empetrum: crowberries
genus Encelia: genus of shrubs of southwestern United States and Mexico: brittlebush
genus Enceliopsis: small genus of xerophytic herbs of southwestern United States
genus Encephalartos: genus of arborescent African cycads; sometimes classified in family Cycadaceae
genus Encyclia: large genus of epiphytic and lithophytic orchids of tropical and subtropical Americas and West Indies; formerly included in genus Epidendrum
genus Engelmannia: one species: North American herbs that resemble sunflowers
genus Ensete: Old World tropical herbs: Abyssinian bananas
genus Entandrophragma: cedar mahogany trees
genus Entelea: a genus of evergreen shrub that grows in New Zealand
genus Enterolobium: small genus of tropical American timber trees closely allied to genus Albizia
genus Entoloma: agarics with pink spores but lacking both volva and annulus (includes some that are poisonous)
genus Entomophthora: type genus of the Entomophthoraceae; fungi parasitic on insects
genus Epacris: type genus of the Epacridaceae: Australian heath
genus Ephedra: type and sole genus of Ephedraceae: tropical and subtropical evergreen shrubby or creeping plants native to dry and inhospitable regions
genus Epidendrum: large and variable genus of terrestrial or epiphytic or lithophytic orchids of tropical and subtropical Americas; some native to United States
genus Epigaea: small creeping evergreen shrubs: trailing arbutus
genus Epilobium: large widely distributed genus of herbs and subshrubs of especially western North America and Arctic areas
genus Epimedium: herbaceous perennials of Mediterranean to India and eastern Asia
genus Epipactis: genus of hardy orchids with leafy-bracted racemes of greenish or purplish irregular flowers
genus Epiphyllum: small genus of tropical American (mainly Central America) cacti
genus Epipremnum: small genus of evergreen lianas of southeastern Asia to western Pacific areas
genus Episcia: genus of tropical American herbs having soft hairy foliage
genus Equisetum: horsetails; coextensive with the family Equisetaceae
genus Eragrostis: annual or perennial grasses of tropics and subtropics
genus Eranthis: winter aconite
genus Ercilla: a genus of evergreen climbers
genus Erechtites: coarse herbs with whitish discoid flower heads and silky pappus
genus Erianthus: genus of reedlike grasses having spikes crowded in a panicle covered with long silky hairs
genus Erica: large genus of low much-branched woody evergreens ranging from prostrate subshrubs to trees: true heaths
genus Erigeron: cosmopolitan genus of usually perennial herbs with flowers that resemble asters; leaves occasionally (especially formerly) used medicinally
genus Eriobotrya: Asiatic evergreen fruit trees
genus Eriocaulon: type genus of the Eriocaulaceae: rushlike aquatic or marginal perennials usually found in shallow waters of acid lakes and pools and bogs
genus Eriodictyon: small genus of evergreen shrubs of southwestern United States and Mexico
genus Eriogonum: North American herbs of the buckwheat family
genus Eriophorum: cotton grass
genus Eriophyllum: genus of hairy herbs and shrubs of western North America
genus Erodium: geraniums of Europe and South America and Australia especially mountainous regions
genus Eruca: annual to perennial herbs of the Mediterranean region
genus Eryngium: large genus of decorative plants with thistlelike flower heads; cosmopolitan in distribution
genus Erysimum: large genus of annual or perennial herbs some grown for their flowers and some for their attractive evergreen leaves; Old World and North America
genus Erysiphe: genus of powdery mildews
genus Erythrina: genus of attractive tropical shrubs or trees with usually red flowers
genus Erythronium: perennial bulbous herbs most of northern United States: dogtooth violet; adder's tongue; trout lily; fawn lily
genus Erythroxylon: a large genus of South American shrubs and small trees of the family Erythroxylaceae
genus Eschscholtzia: showy herbs of western North America
genus Eucalyptus: tall trees native to the Australian region; source of timber and medicinal oils from the aromatic leaves
genus Eucarya: quandong trees
genus Eugenia: tropical trees and shrubs with aromatic leaves and often valuable hard wood
genus Euonymus: widely distributed chiefly evergreen shrubs or small trees or vines
genus Eupatorium: large genus of chiefly tropical herbs having heads of white or purplish flowers
genus Euphorbia: type genus of the Euphorbiaceae: very large genus of diverse plants all having milky juice
genus Eurotium: a genus of fungi belonging to the order Eurotiales
genus Eustoma: small genus of herbs of warm regions of southern North America to northern South America
genus Euterpe: a monocotyledonous genus of graceful palm trees in tropical America
genus Evernia: lichens of the family Usneaceae having a pendulous or shrubby thallus
genus Exacum: genus of tropical Asiatic and African plants: especially Persian violets
genus Fabiana: genus of South and Central American heathlike evergreen shrubs
genus Fagopyrum: buckwheat; in some classifications included in the genus Polygonum
genus Fagus: beeches
genus Falcatifolium: sickle pines: dioecious evergreen tropical trees and shrubs having sickle-shaped leaves; similar to Dacrycarpus in habit; Malaysia and Philippines to New Guinea and New Caledonia
genus Feijoa: small South American shrubs or trees
genus Felicia: genus of tropical African herbs or subshrubs with usually blue flowers
genus Ferocactus: genus of nearly globular cacti of Mexico and southwestern United States: barrel cacti
genus Festuca: a genus of tufted perennial grasses of the family Gramineae
genus Ficus: large genus of tropical trees or shrubs or climbers including fig trees
genus Filago: genus of small woolly herbs
genus Firmiana: small genus of Asian trees or shrubs
genus Fistulina: fungi having each pore separate though crowded
genus Flacourtia: often spiny trees or shrubs of tropical Asia and Africa
genus Flammulina: a genus of agarics
genus Flindersia: small genus of Australian timber trees
genus Foeniculum: very small genus of aromatic European herbs with pinnately compound leaves and yellow flowers
genus Fomes: genus of bracket fungi forming corky or woody perennial shelflike sporophores often of large size; includes some that cause destructive heartrot in trees
genus Forestiera: genus of often spiny American shrubs and trees
genus Forsythia: forsythia
genus Fortunella: small genus of shrubs native to south China producing small ovoid fruits resembling oranges: includes kumquats
genus Fothergilla: small genus of deciduous shrubs of the southeastern United States
genus Fouquieria: resinous succulent trees or shrubs of desert and semidesert regions of southwestern United States that are leafless most of the year
genus Fragaria: strawberries
genus Francoa: perennial evergreen herbs with white or pink flowers; Chile
genus Frasera: genus of North American herbs: columbo; includes some species sometimes placed in genus Swertia
genus Fraxinus: ash
genus Freesia: cormous perennial herbs; native to South Africa
genus Fremontodendron: flannelbush
genus Fritillaria: fritillary
genus Froelichia: genus of erect or procumbent herbs of the Americas having spikes of woolly white flowers: cottonweed
genus Fuchsia: large genus of decorative tropical shrubs with pendulous tetramerous flowers
genus Fumaria: annual herbs whose flowers have only one petal spurred at the base
genus Funka: robust east Asian clump-forming perennial herbs having racemose flowers: plantain lilies; sometimes placed in family Hostaceae
genus Fusarium: a form genus of mostly plant parasites some of which cause dry rot; in humans a species can cause inflammation of cornea leading to blindness
genus Fuscoboletinus: a genus of fungi belonging to the family Boletaceae
genus Gaillardia: genus of western American hairy herbs with showy flowers
genus Galax: evergreen herbs of southeastern United States
genus Galega: small genus of Eurasian herbs: goat's rue
genus Galeopsis: erect annual European herbs
genus Galium: annual or perennial herbs: bedstraw; cleavers
genus Garcinia: evergreen trees and shrubs: mangosteens
genus Gardenia: large genus of attractive Old World tropical shrubs and small trees
genus Gastroboletus: a genus of fungi belonging to the family Secotiaceae; they resemble boletes but the spores are not discharged from the basidium
genus Gastrocybe: a genus of fungi of the family Secotiaceae
genus Gastrolobium: genus of Australian evergreen shrubs poisonous to livestock: poison bush
genus Gaultheria: widely distributed genus of creeping or upright evergreen shrubs
genus Gaylussacia: deciduous or evergreen shrubs of North America: black huckleberries
genus Gazania: genus of tomentose tropical African herbs with milky sap
genus Geastrum: type genus of Geastraceae; fungi whose outer peridium when dry splits into starlike segments
genus Gelsemium: evergreen twining shrubs of Americas and southeastern Asia
genus Genipa: tropical American evergreen trees or shrubs bearing yellow flowers and succulent edible fruit with a thick rind
genus Genista: chiefly deciduous shrubs or small trees of Mediterranean area and western Asia: broom
genus Genlisea: small genus of carnivorous plants of tropical African swamps
genus Gentiana: type genus of the Gentianaceae; cosmopolitan genus of herbs nearly cosmopolitan in cool temperate regions; in some classifications includes genera Gentianopsis and Gentianella
genus Gentianella: genus of herbs with flowers that resemble gentian; in some classifications included in genus Gentiana
genus Gentianopsis: genus of fringed gentians; in some classifications included in genus Gentiana
genus Geoffroea: small genus of shrubs or small trees of tropical and subtropical America
genus Geoglossum: type genus of the Geoglossaceae comprising the earthtongues
genus Geranium: genus of mostly North American geraniums: cranesbills
genus Gerardia: genus of annual or perennial herbs with showy pink or purple or yellow flowers; plants often assigned to genera Aureolaria or Agalinis
genus Gerbera: genus of South African or Asiatic herbs: African daisies
genus Gerea: small genus of hairy herbs with yellow flowers
genus Gesneria: large genus of tropical American herbs having showy tubular flowers
genus Geum: avens
genus Ginkgo: sole surviving genus of the Ginkgoaceae
genus Gladiolus: gladiolas
genus Glaucium: herbs of Europe and North Africa and Asia: horned poppy
genus Glaux: sea milkwort
genus Glechoma: ground ivy
genus Gleditsia: deciduous trees: honey locusts
genus Gleichenia: type genus of Gleicheniaceae: leptosporangiate ferns with sessile sporangia; South Africa to Malaysia and New Zealand
genus Gliricidia: small genus of low-branching profusely flowering trees of tropical America
genus Gloriosa: sometimes placed in family Colchicaceae; one species: glory lily
genus Glossodia: small genus of Australian orchids
genus Gloxinia: small genus of tropical American herbs with leafy stems and axillary flowers
genus Glyceria: manna grass
genus Glycine: genus of Asiatic erect or sprawling herbs: soya bean
genus Glycyrrhiza: sticky perennial Eurasian herbs
genus Gnaphalium: large widely distributed genus of coarse hairy herbs with whitish involucres
genus Gnetum: type genus of the Gnetaceae; small trees or shrubs usually with climbing jointed stems and terminal spikes of flowers with orange-red seeds clustered in rough cones
genus Gomphrena: genus of tropical herbs or subshrubs having flowers in close heads; tropical America and Australia
genus Goniopteris: terrestrial ferns of Florida and West Indies to Central and South America
genus Goodyera: genus of small orchids of the northern hemisphere with creeping rhizomes and stalked ovate leaves and small flowers
genus Gossypium: herbs and shrubs and small trees: cotton
genus Grammatophyllum: small genus of large epiphytic or terrestrial orchids of southeastern Asia to Polynesia; the giants of the Orchidaceae having long narrow leaves and drooping flower clusters often 6 feet long
genus Graptophyllum: caricature plant
genus Grevillea: large genus of Australian shrubs and trees having usually showy orange or red flowers
genus Grewia: a genus of tropical and subtropical Old World climbers or shrubs or trees
genus Grias: anchovy pear tree
genus Grindelia: large genus of coarse gummy herbs of western North and Central America
genus Griselinia: evergreen shrubs of New Zealand and South America
genus Groenlandia: a monocotyledonous genus of the family Potamogetonaceae
genus Guaiacum: small genus of evergreen resinous trees or shrubs of warm and tropical America
genus Guevina: one species: Chilean nut
genus Gutierrezia: sticky perennial herbs and subshrubs of western North America and warm South America
genus Gymnadenia: small genus of terrestrial orchids of North America and temperate Eurasia
genus Gymnadeniopsis: genus of North American terrestrial orchids usually included in genus Habenaria
genus Gymnocalycium: large genus of low-growing globular South American cacti with spiny ribs covered with many tubercles
genus Gymnocarpium: oak ferns: in some classification systems included in genus Thelypteris
genus Gymnocladus: small genus of deciduous trees of China and United States having paniculate flowers and thick pulpy pods
genus Gymnopilus: a genus of fungus characterized by the orange color of the spore deposit
genus Gymnosporangium: genus of fungi that produce galls on cedars and other conifers of genera Juniperus and Libocedrus and causes rust spots on apples and pears and other plants of family Rosaceae
genus Gynura: genus of Old World tropical herbs: velvet plants
genus Gypsophila: Mediterranean herbs having small white or pink flowers
genus Gyromitra: a genus of fungi of the family Helvellaceae with a fertile portion that is tan to brown
genus Haastia: genus of New Zealand mat-forming herbs or subshrubs: vegetable sheep
genus Habenaria: chiefly terrestrial orchids with tubers or fleshy roots often having long slender spurs and petals and lip lobes; includes species formerly placed in genus Gymnadeniopsis
genus Hackelia: stickweed; beggar's lice
genus Haemanthus: genus of African deciduous or evergreen bulbous herbs: blood lilies
genus Haematoxylum: small genus of tropical American spiny bushy shrubs or trees
genus Haemodorum: type genus of family Haemodoraceae
genus Hakea: Australian shrubs and small trees with evergreen usually spiny leaves and dense clusters of showy flowers
genus Halenia: genus of herbs of Eurasia and the Americas: spurred gentians
genus Halesia: deciduous small trees or shrubs of China and eastern North America
genus Halimodendron: one species: salt tree
genus Halocarpus: dioecious trees or shrubs of New Zealand; similar in habit to Dacrydium
genus Halogeton: a caryophyllaceous genus of the family Chenopodiaceae
genus Hamamelidanthum: genus of fossil plants of the Oligocene having flowers resembling those of the witch hazel; found in Baltic region
genus Hamamelidoxylon: genus of fossil plants having wood identical with or similar to that of the witch hazel
genus Hamamelis: deciduous shrubs or small trees: witch hazel
genus Hamamelites: genus of fossil plants having leaves similar to those of the witch hazel
genus Hamelia: evergreen tropical American shrubs or small trees
genus Haplopappus: genus of North and South American perennial herbs or shrubs with yellow flowers; in some classifications include species placed in other genera especially Hazardia
genus Hardenbergia: small genus of Australian woody vines with small violet flowers; closely related to genus Kennedia
genus Harpullia: genus of tropical Asiatic and African trees
genus Harrisia: genus of slender often treelike spiny cacti with solitary showy nocturnal white or pink flowers; Florida and Caribbean to South America
genus Hatiora: small genus of South American epiphytic or lithophytic cacti
genus Hazardia: small genus of shrubs and subshrubs of western United States having flowers that change color as they mature
genus Hedeoma: small genus of American herbs (American pennyroyal)
genus Hedera: Old World woody vines
genus Hedysarum: genus of herbs of north temperate regions
genus Helenium: genus of American herbs with flowers having yellow rays: sneezeweeds
genus Heliamphora: genus of pitcher plants of the Guiana Highlands in South America
genus Helianthemum: widely distributed evergreen or semi-evergreen shrublets; America; Europe and North Africa to Asia Minor and central Asia
genus Helianthus: genus of tall erect or branched American annual or perennial herbs with showy flowers: sunflowers
genus Helichrysum: large genus of mostly African and Australian herbs and shrubs: everlasting flowers; in some classifications includes genus Ozothamnus
genus Helicteres: genus of shrubs and small trees of tropical America and Asia having cylindrical fruits spirally twisted around one another
genus Heliophila: genus of South African flowering herbs and subshrubs
genus Heliopsis: oxeye
genus Helipterum: genus of South African and Australian herbs or shrubs grown as everlastings; the various Helipterum species are currently in process of being assigned to other genera especially genera Pteropogon and Hyalosperma
genus Helleborus: a genus of Helleborus
genus Helminthostachys: one species: terrestrial fern of southeastern Asia and Australia
genus Helotium: type genus of the Helotiaceae
genus Helvella: type genus of the Helvellaceae
genus Helwingia: deciduous dioecious shrubs native to woodland thickets in low mountains in Japan
genus Hemerocallis: east Asian rhizomatous clump-forming perennial herbs having flowers on long leafless stalks; cosmopolitan in cultivation: day lilies; sometimes placed in subfamily Hemerocallidaceae
genus Hepatica: small genus of perennial herbs of north temperate regions; allied to genus Anemone
genus Heracleum: widely distributed genus of plants with usually thick rootstocks and large umbels of white flowers
genus Hermannia: genus of African herbs and subshrubs having honey-scented bell-shaped flowers
genus Hernaria: low-growing Old World herbs with minute bright green leaves
genus Hesperis: biennial or perennial erect herbs having nocturnally fragrant flowers
genus Heteranthera: mud plantains
genus Heteromeles: one species: toyon; in some classifications included in genus Photinia
genus Heterotheca: genus of yellow-flowered North American herbs
genus Heuchera: genus of North American herbs with basal cordate or orbicular leaves and small panicled flowers
genus Hevea: small genus of South American trees yielding latex
genus Hexalectris: a monocotyledonous genus of the family Orchidaceae
genus Hibbertia: evergreen heathlike or scandent shrubs of Madagascar; Australasia; Polynesia
genus Hibiscus: large genus of tropical and subtropical herbs and shrubs and trees often grown as ornamentals for their profusion of large flowers in a variety of colors
genus Hieracium: large genus of perennial hairy herbs of Europe to western Asia to northwestern Africa and North America; few are ornamental; often considered congeneric with Pilosella
genus Himantoglossum: small genus of terrestrial orchids of Europe and Mediterranean region
genus Hippeastrum: bulbous flowering plants of tropical America
genus Hippocrepis: species of Old World herbs or subshrubs: horseshoe vetch
genus Hoheria: small genus of shrubs and small trees of New Zealand: lacebarks
genus Holarrhena: genus of deciduous trees and shrubs of tropical Africa and Asia
genus Holcus: a genus of Old World grasses widely cultivated in America
genus Homogyne: small genus of low perennial herbs of montane Europe; in some classifications included in genus Tussilago
genus Hordeum: annual to perennial grasses of temperate northern hemisphere and South America: barley
genus Horneophyton: Devonian fossil plant considered one of the earliest forms of vascular land plants; similar to genus Rhynia but smaller
genus Hottonia: aquatic herbs
genus Houttuynia: one species; east Asian low-growing plant of wet places
genus Hovea: genus of Australian evergreen shrubs
genus Hoya: large genus of climbing shrubs of Australia and Asia and Polynesia
genus Hudsonia: small evergreen subshrubs of North America
genus Hugueninia: one species: tansy-leaved rocket
genus Hulsea: small genus of erect balsam-scented herbs; Pacific coast of the northwestern United States
genus Humulus: hops: hardy perennial vines of Europe, North America and central and eastern Asia producing a latex sap; in some classifications included in the family Urticaceae
genus Hunnemania: one species: golden cup
genus Hyacinthoides: small genus of perennial bulbs of western Europe and North Africa; sometimes placed in family Hyacinthaceae
genus Hyacinthus: sometimes placed in family Hyacinthaceae as the type genus
genus Hyalosperma: genus of herbs of temperate Australia including some from genus Helipterum
genus Hybanthus: a genus of herbs and small shrubs with white or purple flowers; grows in tropical or subtropical regions
genus Hydnum: type genus of Hydnaceae
genus Hydrangea: type genus of Hydrangeaceae; large genus of shrubs and some trees and vines with white or pink or blue flower clusters; sometimes placed in family Saxifragaceae
genus Hydrastis: small genus of perennial herbs having rhizomes and palmate leaves and small solitary flowers; of northeastern United States and Japan
genus Hydrilla: one species
genus Hydrocharis: frogbit
genus Hydrophyllum: waterleaf
genus Hygrocybe: a genus of fungi belonging to the family Hygrophoraceae
genus Hygrophorus: a genus of fungi belonging to the family Hygrophoraceae
genus Hygrotrama: a genus of fungi belonging to the family Hygrophoraceae
genus Hylocereus: genus of climbing or epiphytic tropical American cacti with angular stems and mostly white very fragrant flowers
genus Hymenaea: genus of tropical American timber trees
genus Hymenanthera: a genus of slender evergreen shrubs; grow in Australia and New Zealand
genus Hymenophyllum: type genus of the Hymenophyllaceae: filmy ferns
genus Hyoscyamus: genus of poisonous herbs: henbane
genus Hypericum: large almost cosmopolitan genus of evergreen or deciduous shrubs and herbs with often showy yellow flowers; cosmopolitan except tropical lowlands and Arctic or high altitudes and desert regions
genus Hypochoeris: widely distributed genus of herbs with milky juice; includes some cosmopolitan weeds
genus Hypopitys: term used in some classifications for the pinesaps, which are usually included in the genus Monotropa
genus Hypoxis: small plants that resemble amaryllis and that grow from a corm and bear flowers on a leafless stalk; sometimes classified as member of the family Amaryllidaceae: star grass
genus Hyssopus: Eurasian genus of perennial herbs or subshrubs
genus Iberis: Old World herbs and subshrubs: candytuft
genus Idesia: one species
genus Ilex: a large genus of dicotyledonous trees and shrubs of the family Aquifoliaceae that have small flowers and berries (including hollies)
genus Iliamna: small genus of perennial herbs or subshrubs; some often placed in other genera
genus Illecebrum: one species: coral necklace
genus Illicium: anise trees: evergreen trees with aromatic leaves
genus Impatiens: annual or perennial herbs with stems more or less succulent; cosmopolitan except for South America, Australia, and New Zealand
genus Indigofera: genus of tropical herbs and shrubs having odd-pinnate leaves and spurred flowers in long racemes or spikes
genus Inga: genus of tropical trees or shrubs
genus Inula: genus of Old World herbs or subshrubs: elecampane
genus Ipomoea: morning glory
genus Iresine: genus of tropical American herbs or subshrubs
genus Iris: large genus of perennials that develop from bulbs or rhizomes
genus Irvingia: wild mango
genus Isatis: Old World genus of annual to perennial herbs: woad
genus Isoetes: type and genus of the Isoetaceae and sole extant genus of the order Isoetales
genus Isopyrum: tufted perennial herbs of northern hemisphere
genus Iva: small genus of American herbs or shrubs; in some classifications placed in a separate family Ambrosiaceae
genus Ixia: a monocotyledonous genus of the family Iridaceae
genus Jacksonia: genus of yellow-flowered Australian unarmed or spiny shrubs without true leaves but having leaflike stems or branches
genus Jacquinia: sometimes placed in family Myrsinaceae
genus Jambos: used in some classifications for rose apples (Eugenia jambos)
genus Jamesonia: xerophytic ferns of South America
genus Jasminum: shrubs and woody climbers mostly of tropical and temperate Old World: jasmine; jessamine
genus Jatropha: a mainly tropical genus of American plant belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae
genus Juglans: type genus of the Juglandaceae
genus Juncus: type genus of the Juncaceae; perennial tufted glabrous marsh plants of temperate regions: rushes
genus Juniperus: junipers
genus Kalmia: erect evergreen shrubs: mountain laurel
genus Kennedya: genus of Australian woody vines having showy red or purplish flowers
genus Keteleeria: a genus of keteleeria
genus Khaya: African mahogany trees
genus Kiggelaria: small genus of South African shrubs or small trees
genus Kirkia: small genus of tropical South African trees and shrubs
genus Knightia: small genus of trees or shrubs of New Zealand and New Caledonia
genus Kniphofia: genus of showy clump-forming African herbs with grasslike leaves; sometimes placed in family Aloeaceae
genus Kohleria: genus of tropical American shrubs
genus Kolkwitzia: Chinese genus of 1 species: beauty bush
genus Kosteletzya: small genus of herbs of southeastern United States and tropical America and Africa
genus Krigia: small herbs closely related to chicory: dwarf dandelions
genus Lablab: one species: hyacinth bean
genus Laburnum: flowering shrubs or trees having bright yellow flowers; all parts of the plant are poisonous
genus Laccopetalum: one species: giant buttercup
genus Lactarius: large genus of agarics that have white spore and contain a white or milky juice when cut or broken; includes both edible and poisonous species
genus Lactuca: an herb with milky juice: lettuce; prickly lettuce
genus Laelia: large genus of mostly epiphytic or lithophytic Central and South American orchids of various sizes
genus Lagarostrobus: genus of dioecious evergreen trees of New Zealand and Tasmania; similar to genus Dacrydium
genus Lagenaria: bottle gourds
genus Lagenophera: small genus of herbs of Australia and South America having small solitary white or purple flowers similar to true daisies of genus Bellis
genus Lagerstroemia: shrubs or small trees of tropical Asia and Africa usually with showy white, pink, or purplish flowers
genus Laguncularia: a genus of Laguncularia
genus Lambertia: small genus of Australian shrubs
genus Lamium: genus of Old World herbs: dead nettles; henbits
genus Lansium: a dicotyledonous genus of the family Meliaceae
genus Laportea: mostly tropical stinging herbs or trees: nettle
genus Lardizabala: evergreen monoecious climbers of South America having dark mauve-blue edible berries
genus Larix: larches
genus Larrea: xerophytic evergreen shrubs; South America to southwestern United States
genus Lasthenia: small genus of herbs of Pacific coast of North and South America
genus Lastreopsis: tropical terrestrial shield ferns
genus Lathyrus: genus of climbing herbs of Old World and temperate North and South America: vetchling; wild pea
genus Laurus: small evergreen trees or shrubs with aromatic leaves
genus Lavandula: lavender
genus Lavatera: widespread genus of herbs or softwood arborescent shrubs cultivated for their showy flowers
genus Layia: genus of western United States annuals with showy yellow or white flowers
genus Lecanopteris: epiphytic ferns of southeastern Asia to New Guinea
genus Lecanora: type genus of Lecanoraceae; crustaceous lichens
genus Leccinum: a genus of fungi belonging to the family Boletaceae
genus Ledum: evergreen shrubs of north temperate regions
genus Leiophyllum: one species: sand myrtle
genus Leitneria: one species: corkwood
genus Lemaireocereus: tropical American cacti usually tall and branching with stout spines and funnel-shaped flowers and globular or ovoid often edible fruit
genus Lemna: minute aquatic herbs floating on or below the water surface of still water consisting of a leaflike frond or plant body and single root
genus Lens: genus of small erect or climbing herbs with pinnate leaves and small inconspicuous white flowers and small flattened pods: lentils
genus Lentinus: a genus of fungus belonging to the family Tricholomataceae
genus Leonotis: small genus of tropical herbs and subshrubs of South Africa
genus Leontodon: hawkbit
genus Leontopodium: edelweiss
genus Leonurus: genus of stout Old World herbs having flowers in whorls
genus Lepechinia: a dicotyledonous genus of the family Labiatae
genus Lepidium: cosmopolitan genus of annual and biennial and perennial herbs: cress
genus Lepidobotrys: a genus of dicotyledonous trees belonging to the family Lepidobotryaceae
genus Lepidothamnus: small usually shrubby conifers
genus Lepiota: agarics with white spores that includes several edible and poisonous mushrooms: parasol mushrooms
genus Leptarrhena: one species: leatherleaf saxifrage
genus Leptopteris: including some ferns sometimes placed in genus Todea
genus Lespedeza: genus of shrubs or herbs of tropical Asia and Australia and the eastern United States
genus Lesquerella: genus of low-growing hairy herbs: bladderpods
genus Leucadendron: large genus of evergreen trees and shrubs having silvery white leaves and solitary terminal flowers with conspicuous silvery bracts
genus Leucaena: small genus of tropical evergreen trees or shrubs having pods like those of the acacia
genus Leucanthemum: comprises plants often included in the genus Chrysanthemum
genus Leucogenes: New Zealand edelweiss
genus Leucothoe: American and Asiatic deciduous and evergreen shrubs
genus Levisticum: genus of aromatic European herbs with yellow flowers
genus Lewisia: genus of western North American low-growing herbs having linear woolly leaves and large pink flowers
genus Leycesteria: small species of shrubs of western Himalayas to China
genus Leymus: genus that in some classifications overlaps the genus Elymus
genus Liatris: genus of perennial North American herbs with aromatic usually cormous roots
genus Libocedrus: cypresses that resemble cedars
genus Ligularia: genus of Old World herbs resembling groundsel: leopard plants
genus Ligustrum: genus of Old World shrubs: privet
genus Lilium: type genus of Liliaceae
genus Limnobium: American frogbit
genus Limonium: sea lavender
genus Linanthus: a genus of herbs of the family Polemoniaceae; found in western United States
genus Linaria: genus of herbs and subshrubs having showy flowers: spurred snapdragon
genus Lindera: aromatic evergreen or deciduous dioecious shrubs or trees of eastern Asia and North America
genus Lindheimera: one species: Texas star
genus Linnaea: one species: twinflower
genus Linum: a herbaceous plant genus of the family Linaceae with small sessile leaves
genus Liparis: genus of terrestrial and epiphytic orchids; pantropical to temperate
genus Liquidambar: sweet gum
genus Liriodendron: tulip trees
genus Liriope: sometimes placed in family Convallariaceae: lilyturf
genus Listera: genus of terrestrial orchids having usually a single pair of broad shining leaves near the middle of the stem; found in temperate Asia and North America and Europe
genus Litchi: Chinese trees
genus Lithocarpus: tanbark oaks
genus Lithophragma: small genus of perennial herbs of the western North America
genus Lithops: genus of stemless South African succulents
genus Lithospermum: annual or perennial herbaceous or shrubby plants; cosmopolitan except Australia
genus Livistona: fan palms of Asia and Australia and Malaysia
genus Loasa: genus of tropical American prickly herbs or subshrubs
genus Lobelia: in some classifications considered the type genus of a separate family Lobeliaceae
genus Lobularia: sweet alyssum
genus Logania: type genus of the Loganiaceae; Australian and New Zealand shrubs sometimes cultivated for their flowers
genus Loiseleuria: one species: alpine azalea
genus Lolium: darnel; ryegrass
genus Lomatia: small genus of low-growing evergreens of Chile and Australia; some yield dyes
genus Lomogramma: large scandent ferns of southeastern Asia
genus Lonas: one species: yellow ageratum
genus Lonchocarpus: genus of chiefly tropical American shrubs and trees having pinnate leaves and red or white flowers
genus Lonicera: woodbine
genus Lophophora: two species of small cacti of northeastern Mexico and southwestern United States having rounded stems covered with jointed tubercles: mescal
genus Lophosoria: one species: tree fern of Central and South America
genus Loranthus: type genus of the Loranthaceae: 1 species
genus Lotus: annual or perennial herbs or subshrubs
genus Lovoa: genus of African timber trees
genus Loxoma: one species of terrestrial ferns of New Zealand
genus Luffa: dishcloth gourds
genus Lunaria: small genus of European herbs: honesty
genus Lupinus: herbs or shrubs: lupin
genus Lychnis: genus of plants strongly resembling those of genus Silene: catchfly
genus Lycium: deciduous and evergreen shrubs often spiny; cosmopolitan in temperate and subtropical regions
genus Lycoperdon: genus of fungi whose fruiting body tapers toward a base consisting of spongy mycelium
genus Lycopersicum: tomatoes
genus Lycopodium: type and sole genus of the Lycopodiaceae; erect or creeping evergreen plants often used for Christmas decorations
genus Lycopus: small genus of herbs of the mint family
genus Lyginopteris: genus of fossil seed ferns of the Carboniferous
genus Lygodium: chiefly tropical climbing ferns
genus Lyonia: evergreen or deciduous shrubs or small trees of United States to Antilles and eastern Asia to the Himalaya
genus Lysichitum: skunk cabbage
genus Lysiloma: small genus of tropical American trees and shrubs with pinnate leaves and flat straight pods
genus Lysimachia: loosestrife: a cosmopolitan genus found in damp or swampy terrain having usually yellow flowers; inclined to be invasive
genus Lythrum: loosestrife
genus Macadamia: trees or shrubs; Madagascar to Australia
genus Machaeranthera: wildflowers of western North America
genus Macleaya: a perennial herb of eastern Asia: plume poppy
genus Maclura: yellowwood trees or shrubs
genus Macowanites: a stout-stemmed genus of fungus belonging to the family Secotiaceae having fruiting bodies that never expand completely
genus Macrothelypteris: medium to large terrestrial ferns of tropical Asia to Polynesia and Australia; naturalized in Americas
genus Macrotyloma: annual or perennial vines of Africa and India and Australia; plants often placed in genus Dolichos
genus Macrozamia: genus of large evergreen Australian cycads; sometimes classified in family Cycadaceae
genus Madia: genus of sticky herbs with yellow flowers open in morning or evening but closed in bright light
genus Magnolia: shrubs or trees of North America or Asia having entire evergreen or deciduous leaves; among most ancient of angiosperm genera
genus Mahonia: evergreen shrubs and small trees of North and Central America and Asia
genus Maianthemum: sometimes placed in family Convallariaceae: false lily of the valley
genus Majorana: small genus of herbs usually included in the genus Origanum
genus Malacothamnus: genus of shrubs or small trees: chaparral mallow
genus Malaxis: large genus of largely terrestrial orchids with one or a few plicate leaves and slender spikes or tiny mostly green flowers; cosmopolitan
genus Malcolmia: genus of plants usually found in coastal habitats; Mediterranean to Afghanistan
genus Malope: small genus of chiefly European herbs
genus Malosma: one species; often included in the genus Rhus
genus Malpighia: type genus of the Malpighiaceae
genus Malus: apple trees; found throughout temperate zones of the northern hemisphere
genus Malva: herbs and subshrubs: mallows
genus Malvastrum: genus of mallows characterized by red and yellow flowers often placed in other genera
genus Malvaviscus: small genus of shrubs of Central and South America: wax mallows
genus Mammea: American and Asiatic trees having edible one-seeded fruit
genus Mammillaria: large genus of cacti characterized chiefly by nipple-shaped protuberances or tubercles on their surface
genus Mandragora: a genus of stemless herbs of the family Solanaceae
genus Mangifera: tropical tree native to Asia bearing fleshy fruit
genus Manglietia: a genus of flowering tree of the family Magnoliaceae found from Malay to southern China
genus Manihot: genus of economically important tropical plants: cassava
genus Manilkara: genus of large evergreen trees with milky latex; pantropical
genus Maranta: herbs of tropical America
genus Marasmius: chiefly small mushrooms with white spores
genus Marattia: type genus of the Marattiaceae: ferns having the sporangia fused together in two rows
genus Marchantia: type genus of Marchantiaceae; liverworts that reproduce asexually by gemmae and have stalked antheridiophores
genus Marrubium: Old World aromatic herbs: horehound
genus Marsilea: clover ferns
genus Martynia: in some classifications includes the unicorn plants
genus Masdevallia: large genus of tropical American mostly epiphytic orchids whose flowers have sepals fused at the base forming a tube; includes orchids sometimes placed in genera Dracula and Dryadella and Scaphosepalum
genus Matricaria: chiefly Old World strong-smelling weedy herbs; comprises plants sometimes included in other genera: e.g. Tanacetum; Tripleurospermum
genus Matteuccia: small genus sometimes included in genus Onoclea; in some classifications both genera are placed in Polypodiaceae
genus Matthiola: genus of Old World plants grown as ornamentals
genus Maxillaria: large genus of tropical American epiphytic orchids with persistent leathery leaves and single-flowered scapes
genus Mayaca: small genus of delicate mossy bog plants having white or violet flowers
genus Meconopsis: herbs almost entirely of mountains of China and Tibet; often monocarpic
genus Medicago: a genus of herbs that resemble clover
genus Medinilla: tropical Old World ornamental evergreen shrubs having fleshy leaves and large panicles of white pink flowers
genus Melampodium: herbs and subshrubs of warm North America
genus Melampsora: rusts having sessile one-celled teliospores in a single layer
genus Melastoma: type genus of Melastomataceae; Asiatic shrubs with leathery leaves and large purple flowers followed by edible fleshy black berries
genus Melia: type genus of the Meliaceae: East Indian and Australian deciduous trees with leaves resembling those of the ash
genus Melicoccus: tropical American trees and shrubs bearing berries
genus Melicytus: a genus of deciduous shrubs or trees; fruit is a berry; grow in New Zealand and Fiji and Solomon Islands
genus Melilotus: Old World herbs: the sweet clovers
genus Melissa: a genus of Old World mints of the family Labiatae
genus Melocactus: genus of strongly ribbed globose or spheroid cacti of tropical South and Central America and the Caribbean
genus Meniscium: terrestrial ferns of tropical Americas
genus Menispermum: climbing herbs
genus Mentha: mint plants
genus Mentzelia: genus of bristly herbs or subshrubs of western America lacking stinging hairs
genus Menyanthes: the type genus of the Menyanthaceae; one species: bogbeans
genus Menziesia: deciduous shrubs of North America and eastern Asia
genus Mercurialis: a genus of slender herbs belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae
genus Mertensia: a genus of herbs belonging to the family Boraginaceae that grow in temperate regions and have blue or purple flowers shaped like funnels
genus Meryta: small to medium evergreen dioecious trees of oceanic climates: puka
genus Mesembryanthemum: South African annual or biennial plants having flowers that open only in bright sunlight
genus Mespilus: medlars
genus Mesua: genus of tropical Asiatic trees having large solitary flowers
genus Metasequoia: genus of deciduous conifers comprising both living and fossil forms; 1 extant species: dawn redwood of China; variously classified as member of Pinaceae or Taxodiaceae
genus Metroxylon: a genus of Malayan pinnate-leaved palm trees that flower and fruit once and then die
genus Microgramma: epiphytic ferns of tropical America and Africa
genus Micromeria: large genus of fragrant chiefly Old World herbs
genus Microsorium: tropical usually epiphytic ferns; Africa to Asia and Polynesia to Australia
genus Microsporum: a genus of fungus of the family Moniliaceae; causes ringworm
genus Microstrobos: 2 species of small evergreen shrubs of Australia and Tasmania
genus Mikania: large genus of evergreen lianas of tropical America
genus Millettia: genus of trees and shrubs of the Old World tropics
genus Miltonia: genus of tropical American orchids
genus Mimosa: genus of spiny woody shrubs or trees; named for their apparent imitation of animal sensitivity to light and heat and movement
genus Minuartia: mostly perennial herbs of northern hemisphere often with mat-forming habit; most often placed in genus Arenaria: sandworts
genus Mirabilis: four o'clocks
genus Mitchella: creeping evergreen herbs of North America
genus Mitella: genus of low slender herbs of North America and northeastern Asia having flowers with trifid or pinnatifid petals
genus Mnium: mosses similar to those of genus Bryum but larger
genus Moehringia: low-growing herbs widely distributed in temperate and Arctic northern hemisphere: sandworts; distinguished from members of the genus Arenaria mainly by having four-petaled rather than five-petaled flowers
genus Mohria: African terrestrial ferns
genus Molluga: carpetweeds
genus Molucella: small genus of aromatic herbs of Mediterranean regions; widely cultivated
genus Momordica: Old World tropical vine
genus Monarda: wild bergamot, horsemint, beebalm
genus Monardella: a genus of fragrant herbs of the family Labiatae in the western United States
genus Moneses: one species: one-flowered wintergreen; sometimes included in genus Pyrola
genus Monilia: genus of parasitic yeastlike imperfect fungi having spherical or oval conidia in branched chains; some species usually placed in other genera especially genus Candida
genus Monotropa: leafless fleshy saprophytic plants; in some classifications placed in the family Pyrolaceae
genus Monstera: tropical American climbing plant with deeply incised leaves
genus Montezuma: one species: medium-sized evergreen tree of Puerto Rico or Mexico
genus Montia: small genus of densely tufted annual herbs; north temperate regions and South America and tropical Africa and Asia
genus Morchella: genus of edible fungi: morel
genus Morus: type genus of the Moraceae: mulberries
genus Mucor: type genus of the Mucoraceae; genus of molds having cylindrical or pear-shaped sporangia not limited in location to points where rhizoids develop
genus Muhlenbergia: a genus of grasses of the family Gramineae grown in America and Asia
genus Muntingia: one species: Jamaican cherry; sometimes placed in family Flacourtiaceae
genus Musa: type genus of the Musaceae: bananas
genus Muscari: sometimes placed in family Hyacinthaceae
genus Mutinus: a genus of fungi belonging to the family Phallaceae
genus Mutisia: genus of South American shrubs or lianas having large flower heads with feathery pappuses
genus Myosotis: forget-me-nots; scorpion grass
genus Myrciaria: a genus of tropical American trees and shrubs of the myrtle family
genus Myrica: deciduous aromatic shrubs or small trees
genus Myricaria: small genus of deciduous shrubs or subshrubs of southern Europe to Siberia and China; tolerant of chalky soil
genus Myriophyllum: chiefly monoecious and usually aquatic herbs (as the milfoils)
genus Myristica: type genus of Myristicaceae; tropical Asian evergreen trees with small white or yellow flowers followed by fleshy fruits
genus Myroxylon: a genus of tropical American trees having pinnate leaves and white flowers
genus Myrrhis: European perennial herbs having pinnate leaves and umbels of white flowers
genus Myrsine: evergreen trees and shrubs having aromatic foliage; Africa; Asia (New Zealand)
genus Myrtillocactus: small genus of arborescent cacti of Mexico and Central America
genus Myrtus: type genus of the Myrtaceae
genus Nabalus: genus of North American and east Asian perennial herbs; sometimes included in genus Prenanthes
genus Nageia: small genus of Asian evergreen trees having columnar crowns and distinguished by leaves lacking a midrib; eastern Asia including India and Philippines and New Guinea
genus Najas: sole genus of the family Naiadaceae
genus Napaea: one species: glade mallow
genus Narcissus: Old World perennial bulbous herbs
genus Narthecium: bog asphodels; sometimes placed in family Melanthiaceae
genus Nasturtium: aquatic herbs
genus Nauclea: small genus of evergreen tropical shrubs or trees with smooth leathery leaves
genus Nelumbo: sometimes placed in the family Nymphaeaceae: lotuses
genus Nemophila: genus of ornamental chiefly California herbs: baby blue-eyes
genus Neohygrophorus: a genus of fungi belonging to the family Hygrophoraceae
genus Neolentinus: a genus of fungi belonging to the family Polyporaceae
genus Nepenthes: pitcher plants
genus Nepeta: catmint
genus Nephelium: a genus of dicotyledonous trees of the family Sapindaceae that are native to Asia and Australia
genus Nephrolepis: small genus of tropical ferns; sometimes placed in Polypodiaceae
genus Nephthytis: small genus of tropical western African creeping or twining herbs
genus Nerium: one species: oleander
genus Neurospora: genus of fungi with black perithecia used extensively in genetic research; includes some forms with orange spore masses that cause severe damage in bakeries
genus Nicandra: sturdy annual of Peru
genus Nicotiana: American and Asiatic aromatic herbs and shrubs with viscid foliage
genus Nidularia: type genus of the Nidulariaceae
genus Nierembergia: genus of tropical American erect or creeping herbs with solitary flowers
genus Nigella: erect annual Eurasian herbs
genus Nigroporus: a genus of fungi belonging to the family Polyporaceae
genus Nolina: perennial plants resembling yucca; found in southern United States and Mexico
genus Nopalea: a genus of the cactus family with scarlet flowers
genus Nothofagus: beeches of temperate southern hemisphere except Africa: southern beech
genus Nuphar: spatterdocks
genus Nuytsia: one species
genus Nyctaginia: a caryophyllaceous genus of the family Nyctaginaceae having only one species
genus Nymphaea: the type genus of the family Nymphaeaceae; any of a variety of water lilies
genus Nypa: monotypic genus of palms of Australasia
genus Nyssa: tupelos: deciduous trees of moist habitats especially swamps and beside ponds
genus Ochna: type genus of Ochnaceae; evergreen trees and shrubs of Old World tropics
genus Ochroma: one species: balsa
genus Ocimum: basil
genus Odontoglossum: large and important genus of tropical American mostly epiphytic orchids; some of the most widely grown species are often placed in other genera
genus Oenanthe: poisonous herbs: water dropworts
genus Oenothera: chiefly North American herbs with usually nocturnal flowers
genus Olea: evergreen trees and shrubs having oily one-seeded fruits
genus Oleandra: or family Polypodiaceae: tropical epiphytic or terrestrial ferns
genus Olearia: large genus of Australian evergreen shrubs or small trees with large daisylike flowers
genus Olfersia: genus of fern having only one species
genus Oligoporus: a genus of fungi belonging to the family Polyporaceae
genus Omphalotus: a genus of fungi with a depressed disc in the cap
genus Oncidium: large genus of showy epiphytic or lithophytic or terrestrial orchids of tropical and subtropical America
genus Onobrychis: genus of Old World herbs having pinnate leaves and pink or whites racemose flowers followed by flat unjointed pods
genus Onoclea: one species: sensitive fern; in some classifications included in Polypodiaceae
genus Ononis: genus of European subshrubs or herbs having pink or purple or yellow solitary or clustered flowers: restharrow
genus Onopordum: a genus of Eurasian herbs of the family Compositae with prickly foliage and large purplish flowers
genus Onosmodium: a genus of North American perennial herbs of the family Boraginaceae
genus Onychium: small terrestrial ferns of Old World tropics and subtropics: clawed ferns; sometimes placed in family Cryptogrammataceae
genus Ophioglossum: the type genus of the fern family Ophioglossaceae
genus Ophrys: a hardy genus of terrestrial orchids of Europe and northern Africa and western Asia
genus Opuntia: large genus of cactuses native to America: prickly pears
genus Orbignya: palms of southern Mexico to northern South America: babassu palm
genus Orchis: type genus of the orchid family; hardy terrestrial orchids of the temperate the northern hemisphere
genus Oreopteris: 3 species of ferns formerly included in genus Dryopteris or Thelypteris
genus Origanum: a genus of aromatic mints of the family Labiatae
genus Orites: small genus of Australian shrubs or trees
genus Ormosia: genus of tropical shrubs and trees having usually odd-pinnate leaves with large leaflets and pink to reddish wood
genus Ornithogalum: sometimes placed in family Hyacinthaceae
genus Orontium: one species of aquatic plant: golden club
genus Orthilia: a shrubby perennial rhizomatous evergreen herb; grows in damp coniferous woodlands in northern temperate regions
genus Oryza: rice
genus Oryzopsis: rice grass
genus Osmanthus: widely distributed genus of evergreen shrubs or trees of southern United States and Middle East and China and Japan
genus Osmunda: type genus of the Osmundaceae
genus Ostrya: deciduous monoecious trees of Europe and Asia and America; sometimes placed in subfamily or family Carpinaceae
genus Ostryopsis: deciduous monoecious shrubs of China and Mongolia resembling trees of the genus Ostrya; sometimes placed in subfamily or family Carpinaceae
genus Othonna: genus of western African herbs or shrubs
genus Oxalis: type genus of the Oxalidaceae; large genus of plants having leaves that resemble clover and variously colored flowers usually clustered in umbels
genus Oxandra: genus of tropical trees
genus Oxydendrum: sourwood
genus Oxytropis: large widely-distributed genus of evergreen shrubs or subshrubs having odd-pinnate leaves and racemose or spicate flowers each having a pea-like corolla with a clawed petal
genus Ozonium: form genus of imperfect fungi
genus Ozothamnus: genus of Australian shrubs and perennial herbs; sometimes included in genus Helichrysum
genus Pachyrhizus: small genus of tropical vines having tuberous roots
genus Pachysandra: evergreen perennial procumbent subshrubs or herbs
genus Packera: genus of American of east Asian perennial herbs with yellow to orange or red flower rays; sometimes included in genus Senecio
genus Paeonia: peonies: herbaceous or shrubby plants having showy flowers
genus Palaquium: large genus of Malaysian trees with milky juice and leathery leaves
genus Paliurus: thorny Eurasian shrubs
genus Panax: perennial herbs of eastern North America and Asia having aromatic tuberous roots: ginseng
genus Pandanus: type genus of the Pandanaceae (as screw pines)
genus Panicum: panic grass
genus Papaver: type genus of the Papaveraceae; chiefly bristly hairy herbs with usually showy flowers
genus Paphiopedilum: horticulturally important genus of mainly terrestrial orchids including many hybrids; southeastern Asia and Indonesia to Philippines and Solomon Islands; Paphiopedilum species sometimes included in genus Cypripedium
genus Parasitaxus: one species: parasite yew
genus Parathelypteris: terrestrial ferns of warm and tropical Asia and North America
genus Parietaria: small genus of stingless herbs
genus Paris: sometimes placed in subfamily Trilliaceae
genus Parkia: genus of tropical Old World trees: nitta trees
genus Parkinsonia: small genus of spiny shrubs or small trees
genus Parmelia: type genus of the Parmeliaceae; a large genus of chiefly alpine foliaceous lichens
genus Parnassia: genus of bog herbs of Arctic and northern temperate regions
genus Parochetus: one species: shamrock pea
genus Paronychia: low-growing annual or perennial herbs or woody plants; whitlowworts
genus Parrotia: one species: iron tree
genus Parrotiopsis: one species: deciduous tree of the Himalaya Mountains
genus Parthenium: small genus of North American herbs and shrubs with terminal panicles of small ray flowers
genus Parthenocissus: woody vines having disklike tips on the tendrils
genus Paspalum: a genus of perennial grasses of warm regions
genus Passiflora: type genus of the Passifloraceae
genus Pastinaca: a rosid dicot genus of the family Umbelliferae; includes parsnips
genus Pavonia: genus of tropical hairy shrubs or herbs of tropics and subtropics especially South America
genus Payena: genus of medium to large Malaysian trees yielding gutta-percha
genus Pecopteris: genus of Carboniferous fossil ferns
genus Pedilanthus: tropical American succulent shrubs
genus Pediocactus: low-growing cacti of the Great Plains of North America
genus Peireskia: genus of tropical American shrubby trees and woody climbers having slender branches with broad flat leaves and large panicles of flowers
genus Pelargonium: geraniums native chiefly to South Africa; widely cultivated
genus Pellaea: genus of chiefly small rock-loving ferns; in some classification systems it is placed in the family Polypodiaceae or Adiantaceae
genus Pellicularia: genus of fungi having the hymenium in the form of a crust; some species formerly placed in form genus Rhizoctinia
genus Peltandra: small genus of North American marsh or aquatic herbs
genus Peltiphyllum: one species
genus Penicillium: genus of fungi commonly growing as green or blue molds on decaying food; used in making cheese and as a source of penicillin
genus Pennisetum: a genus of Old World grasses
genus Penstemon: large genus of subshrubs or herbs having showy blue or purple or red or yellow or white flowers; mostly western North America
genus Peperomia: large genus of small tropical usually succulent herbs
genus Pericallis: cineraria
genus Perilla: small genus of Asiatic herbs
genus Periploca: genus of woody vines of warm regions of the Old World
genus Peronospora: genus of destructive downy mildews
genus Persea: avocado
genus Persoonia: Australian undershrubs to small trees: geebungs
genus Pertusaria: crustose lichens that are a source of the dye archil and of litmus
genus Petasites: genus of rhizomatous herbs of north temperate regions: butterbur; sweet coltsfoot
genus Petrocoptis: perennial tussock-forming rock plants; of Pyrenees and mountains of northern Spain; similar to and sometimes placed in genus Lychnis
genus Petroselinum: parsley
genus Petteria: one species: Dalmatian laburnum
genus Petunia: annual or perennial herbs or shrubs of tropical South America
genus Peziza: type genus of the Pezizaceae: a variety of cup fungus
genus Phacelia: American herbs with usually pinnatifid leaves and blue or purple or white flowers in scorpioid cymes
genus Phaius: genus of Asiatic and Australian terrestrial orchids
genus Phalaenopsis: genus of ornamental epiphytic orchids of Asia and Australia
genus Phalaris: a genus of grasses with broad leaves and a dense spike of flowers
genus Phallus: genus of fungi having the cap or pileus hanging free around the stem
genus Phaseolus: herbs of warm regions including most American beans
genus Phegopteris: beech ferns: genus is variously classified: considered alternative name for genus Dryopteris or included in genus Thelypteris
genus Phellodendron: small genus of aromatic deciduous trees of east Asia often having thick corky bark
genus Philadelphus: mock orange: type and sole genus of the subfamily Philadelphaceae; sometimes placed in family Saxifragaceae
genus Phillyrea: small genus of evergreen shrubs of the Mediterranean region
genus Philodendron: any of several tropical American climbing plants with smooth shiny evergreen leaves
genus Phlebodium: chiefly epiphytic tropical ferns with free veins bearing sori
genus Phleum: grasses native to temperate regions
genus Phlomis: large genus of Old World aromatic herbs or subshrubs or shrubs having often woolly leaves
genus Phlox: herbaceous to shrubby evergreen or deciduous annuals or perennials, diffuse (spreading) or caespitose (tufted or matted); from Alaska and western Canada to Mexico
genus Phoenicophorium: latanier palm
genus Phoenix: a large monocotyledonous genus of pinnate-leaved palms found in Asia and Africa
genus Pholidota: genus of mostly epiphytic orchids of Indonesia and the western Pacific
genus Pholiota: genus of gilled agarics of Europe and North America having brown spores and an annulus; grows on open ground or decaying wood
genus Pholistoma: straggling herbs of southwestern United States
genus Phoradendron: any of various American parasitic plants similar to Old World mistletoe: false mistletoe
genus Photinia: genus of deciduous and evergreen east Asian trees and shrubs widely cultivated as ornamentals for their white flowers and red fruits; in some classifications includes genus Heteromeles
genus Phragmipedium: genus of tropical American orchid species often included in genus Cypripedium or Paphiopedilum and Selenipedium: lady slippers
genus Phragmites: reeds of marshes and riversides in tropical or temperate regions
genus Phyllocladus: celery pine
genus Phyllodoce: small genus of evergreen Arctic and alpine shrubs
genus Phylloporus: a genus of fungi belonging to the family Boletaceae
genus Phyllostachys: medium and large bamboos
genus Physalis: ground cherries
genus Physaria: small genus of western North American herbs similar to Lesquerella: bladderpods
genus Physostegia: genus of North American perennial herbs
genus Physostigma: African woody vines: calabar beans
genus Phytelephas: small genus of South American feather palms
genus Phytolacca: type genus of Phytolaccaceae: pokeweed
genus Phytophthora: destructive parasitic fungi causing brown rot in plants
genus Picea: a genus of temperate and Arctic evergreen trees (see spruce)
genus Pickeringia: one species: chaparral pea
genus Picrasma: small genus of deciduous trees of tropical America and Asia
genus Picris: genus of weedy Old World yellow-flowered herbs usually containing a bitter-tasting substance: bitterweed
genus Pieris: decorative evergreen shrubs of woody vines
genus Pilea: low-growing tropical perennials grown for their stingless foliage
genus Pilosella: genus of hairy perennial herbs with horizontal rhizomes and leafy or underground stolons; Eurasia and North Africa; often considered congeneric with Hieracium
genus Pilularia: pillworts
genus Pimenta: allspice tree
genus Pimpinella: anise
genus Pinckneya: small genus of shrubs or small trees of southeastern United States and northern South America
genus Pinguicula: butterworts: a large genus of almost stemless carnivorous bog plants; Europe and America to Antarctica
genus Pinus: type genus of the Pinaceae: large genus of true pines
genus Piper: type genus of the Piperaceae: large genus of chiefly climbing tropical shrubs
genus Piptadenia: tropical American trees and shrubs; often placed in other genera
genus Pipturus: an Australian genus of woody plants of the family Urticaceae
genus Piqueria: small genus of tropical American perennial herbs or subshrubs with white to pale yellow flowers; often included in genus Stevia
genus Piscidia: genus of shrubs or small trees having indehiscent pods with black seeds; roots and bark yield fish poisons
genus Pisonia: genus of often thorny tropical trees and shrubs and some vines; mainly America
genus Pistacia: a dicotyledonous genus of trees of the family Anacardiaceae having drupaceous fruit
genus Pistia: one species: water lettuce
genus Pisum: small genus of variable annual Eurasian vines: peas
genus Pithecellobium: thorny shrubs and trees of tropical and subtropical America and Asia
genus Pityrogramma: terrestrial tropical ferns having fronds with powdery yellowish or white undersides; sometimes placed in family Polypodiaceae or Adiantaceae
genus Plagianthus: small genus of shrubs and trees of Australia and New Zealand
genus Planera: a deciduous tree of the family Ulmaceae that grows in the southeastern United States
genus Plantago: type genus of the family Plantaginaceae; large cosmopolitan genus of mostly small herbs
genus Plasmodiophora: type genus of Plasmodiophoraceae comprising minute plant parasitic fungi similar to and sometimes included among the slime molds
genus Platanthera: herbaceous terrestrial orchids of temperate northern and southern hemispheres
genus Platanus: genus of large monoecious mostly deciduous trees: London plane; sycamore
genus Platycerium: often epiphytic tropical Old World ferns
genus Platylobium: small genus of Australian evergreen leguminous shrubs or subshrubs
genus Platymiscium: genus of tropical American trees: quira
genus Platystemon: one species: creamcups
genus Plectania: genus of fungi in the family Pezizaceae closely related to and often included in genus Peziza
genus Plectorrhiza: small genus of Australian orchids
genus Plectranthus: large genus of ornamental flowering plants; includes some plants often placed in the genus Coleus
genus Pleione: small genus of dwarf orchids; India to Thailand and Taiwan
genus Pleiospilos: perennial succulents of South Africa
genus Pleurosorus: small genus comprising terrestrial ferns; found in Chile and Spain and Morocco and Australia and New Zealand
genus Pleurothallis: large genus of epiphytic or lithophytic orchids of tropical America
genus Pleurotus: agarics with white spores and caps having an eccentric stem; an important mushroom of Japan
genus Plumbago: shrubs and herbs and woody vines of warm regions: leadwort
genus Plumeria: deciduous shrubs and trees of tropical America having branches like candelabra and fragrant white or pink flowers
genus Pluteus: a large genus of fungi belonging to the family Pluteaceae; the shape of the cap resembles a roof; often abundant early in the summer
genus Poa: chiefly perennial grasses of cool temperate regions
genus Podalyria: genus of South African leguminous shrubs often placed in genus Sophora
genus Podocarpus: evergreen trees or shrubs; sometimes classified as member of the family Taxaceae
genus Podophyllum: perennial rhizomatous herbs
genus Pogonia: small but widely distributed genus of orchids closely related to genus Cleistes;: of damp or boggy areas of north temperate zone
genus Pogostemon: genus of Asiatic shrubs or trees whose leaves yield a fragrant oil
genus Polanisia: widely distributed herbs having palmate leaves and creamy white to or pink to magenta flowers with many stamens of unequal length
genus Polemonium: type genus of the Polemoniaceae
genus Polianthes: genus of perennial tuberous herbs having lily-like flowers; Mexico; sometimes placed in family Amaryllidaceae
genus Polybotrya: tropical American ferns; usually terrestrial when young but scandent later
genus Polygala: type genus of the Polygalaceae: milkwort; senega; snakeroot
genus Polygonatum: sometimes placed in subfamily Convallariaceae
genus Polygonum: diverse genus of herbs or woody subshrubs of north temperate regions
genus Polypodium: a genus of ferns belonging to the family Polypodiaceae and having rounded naked sori
genus Polyporus: type genus of the Polyporaceae; includes important pathogens of e.g. birches and conifers
genus Polystichum: small to medium-sized terrestrial ferns especially holly ferns; in some classification systems placed in Polypodiaceae
genus Pomaderris: a genus of Australasian shrubs and trees
genus Poncirus: one species: trifoliate orange
genus Pongamia: one species: Indian beech
genus Pontederia: pickerelweed
genus Populus: a genus of trees of the family Salicaceae that is found in the northern hemisphere; poplars
genus Portulaca: genus of mainly tropical fleshy or trailing herbs
genus Potamogeton: a large genus of aquatic herbs found in quiet waters in temperate regions; leaves usually float on the water
genus Potentilla: chiefly perennial northern hemisphere herbs and shrubs: cinquefoil
genus Poterium: a genus of thorny herbs or shrubs of the family Rosaceae
genus Pouteria: tropical American timber tree with edible fruit (canistel)
genus Prenanthes: genus of North American and Asiatic perennial herbs having pinnatisect leaves small heads of drooping yellowish to purple flowers; sometimes includes species often placed in genus Nabalus
genus Primula: very large and important genus of plants of temperate Europe and Asia having showy flowers
genus Pritzelago: chamois cress
genus Proboscidea: in some classifications included in the genus Martynia and hence the two taxonomic names for some of the unicorn plants
genus Prosopis: genus of tropical or subtropical branching shrubs or trees: mesquite
genus Protea: type genus of Proteaceae; tropical African shrubs
genus Protium: genus of chiefly tropical American trees having fragrant wood and yielding gum elemi
genus Prumnopitys: mostly dioecious evergreen conifers; leaves are softer than in Podocarpus
genus Prunella: small genus of perennial mostly Eurasian having terminal spikes of small purplish or white flowers
genus Prunus: a genus of shrubs and trees of the family Rosaceae that is widely distributed in temperate regions
genus Pseudobombax: tropical American deciduous shrubs or small trees
genus Pseudocolus: a genus of fungi belonging to the family Clathraceae
genus Pseudolarix: one species: golden larch
genus Pseudotaxus: one species
genus Pseudotsuga: douglas fir; closely related to genera Larix and Cathaya
genus Pseudowintera: evergreen shrubs or small trees of Australia and New Zealand
genus Psidium: guavas
genus Psilophyton: type genus of the Psilophytaceae: genus of small wiry herbaceous Paleozoic plants with underground rhizomes and apical sporangia
genus Psilotum: type genus of the Psilotaceae
genus Psophocarpus: species of tropical Asian and African climbing herbs
genus Psoralea: widely distributed genus of herbs or shrubs with glandular compound leaves and spicate or racemose purple or white flowers
genus Psychopsis: epiphytic orchids of Central and South America formerly included in genus Oncidium
genus Psychotria: tropical chiefly South American shrubs and trees
genus Pteridium: a genus of ferns belonging to the family Dennstaedtiaceae
genus Pteris: large genus of terrestrial ferns of tropics and subtropics; sometimes placed in family Polypodiaceae
genus Pterocarpus: genus of tropical trees or climbers having usually broadly winged pods
genus Pterocarya: Asiatic nut trees: wing nuts
genus Pteropogon: genus of Australian and South African herbs including some from genus Helipterum
genus Pterospermum: genus of tropical Asian trees and shrubs
genus Pterostylis: genus of terrestrial orchids of Australia and New Zealand and western Pacific
genus Puccinia: type genus of the Pucciniaceae; a large genus of parasitic fungi including many that are destructive to various economic plants
genus Pueraria: genus of woody Asiatic vines: kudzu
genus Pulicaria: genus of temperate Old World herbs: fleabane
genus Pulsatilla: includes a group of plants that in some classifications are included in the genus Anemone: pasqueflowers
genus Punica: coextensive with the family Punicaceae
genus Pycnanthemum: American mountain mint
genus Pyracantha: Eurasian evergreen thorny shrubs bearing red or orange-red berries
genus Pyrethrum: used in former classifications for plants later placed in genus Chrysanthemum and now often included in genus Tanacetum
genus Pyrola: short-stemmed perennial herbs of cool or temperate regions: wintergreen; shinleaf
genus Pyrrosia: epiphytic or lithophytic or terrestrial ferns of tropical Old World
genus Pyrularia: small genus of chiefly Asiatic parasitic shrubs
genus Pyrus: fruit trees native to the Old World: pears
genus Pythium: destructive root-parasitic fungi
genus Pyxidanthera: one species: pyxie; the eastern United States
genus Quamassia: genus of scapose herbs of North and South America having large edible bulbs
genus Quassia: tropical trees and shrubs with pinnate leaves and large scarlet flowers; bark is medicinal
genus Quercus: oaks
genus Radiigera: a genus of fungus belonging to the family Geastraceae
genus Radyera: very small genus of shrubs of southern hemisphere: bush hibiscus
genus Ramalina: shrubby lichens of the family Usneaceae having a flattened thallus
genus Ranunculus: annual, biennial or perennial herbs: buttercup; crowfoot
genus Raoulia: genus of low-growing mat-forming New Zealand plants; in some classifications includes species placed in genus Haastia
genus Raphanus: radish
genus Raphia: feather palm of tropical Africa and Madagascar and Central and South America widely grown for commercial purposes
genus Ratibida: genus of perennial wildflowers of North American plains and prairies; often cultivated for their showy flower heads
genus Rauwolfia: pantropical genus of somewhat poisonous shrubs and small trees
genus Ravenala: woody tropical plants with tall trunks; sometimes placed in family Musaceae
genus Regnellidium: one species of aquatic or semiaquatic fern
genus Reseda: Old World genus of herbs having racemose flowers: mignonette; dyer's rocket
genus Retama: small genus of Mediterranean shrubs; often included in genus Genista
genus Retrophyllum: small genus of tropical evergreen dioecious shrubs or trees of Oceania and tropical South America
genus Rhamnus: type genus of the Rhamnaceae: buckthorns
genus Rhapis: genus of small clump-forming fan palms of China and Japan
genus Rheum: rhubarb
genus Rhexia: deer grass
genus Rhipsalis: large genus of epiphytic or lithophytic unarmed cacti with usually segmented stems and pendulous branches; flowers are small followed by berrylike fruits
genus Rhizophora: type genus of the Rhizophoraceae; a small genus of tropical trees and shrubs
genus Rhizopogon: a genus of fungi having subterranean sporophores resembling tubers
genus Rhizopus: a genus of rot-causing fungi having columnar hemispherical aerial sporangia anchored to the substrate by rhizoids
genus Rhodanthe: genus of xerophytic herbs and shrubs of South Africa and Australia; sometimes included in genus Helipterum
genus Rhododendron: large genus of evergreen shrubs native to cooler regions of the northern hemisphere having showy flowers
genus Rhodosphaera: one species; an Australian evergreen sumac
genus Rhus: deciduous or evergreen shrubs and shrubby trees of temperate and subtropical North America, South Africa, eastern Asia and northeastern Australia; usually limited to nonpoisonous sumacs (see genus Toxicodendron)
genus Rhyncostylis: genus of epiphytic orchids of tropical Asia
genus Rhynia: type genus of the Rhyniaceae; small leafless dichotomously branching fossil plants with terminal sporangia and smooth branching rhizomes
genus Ribes: a flowering shrub bearing currants or gooseberries; native to northern hemisphere
genus Richea: evergreen trees or shrubs of mountains of Australia and Tasmania
genus Ricinus: a genus of herb having only one known species: castor-oil plant
genus Rivina: small genus of erect perennial shrubby herbs; tropical and subtropical America
genus Robinia: deciduous flowering trees and shrubs
genus Roccella: chiefly fruticose maritime rock-inhabiting lichens
genus Romneya: one species: matilija poppy
genus Roridula: insectivorous undershrubs of South Africa; in some classifications placed in the family Droseraceae
genus Rorippa: annual and perennial herbs of damp habitats; cosmopolitan except Antarctica
genus Rosa: large genus of erect or climbing prickly shrubs including roses
genus Rosellinia: fungi having smooth perithecia with dark one-celled ascospores
genus Rosmarinus: rosemary
genus Roystonea: a monocotyledonous genus of West Indian feather palms
genus Rubia: type genus of the Rubiaceae; Old World herbs and subshrubs grown for their medicinal properties and for dye substances extracted from their roots
genus Rubus: large genus of brambles bearing berries
genus Rudbeckia: North American perennial herbs with showy cone-shaped flower heads
genus Rumex: docks: coarse herbs and shrubs mainly native to north temperate regions
genus Rumohra: leatherleaf ferns: in some classifications included in genus Polystichum
genus Ruptiliocarpon: new (1993) genus of trees of Central America now recognized as similar to those of genus Lepidobotrys
genus Ruscus: a genus of European evergreen shrubs; sometimes placed in family Asparagaceae
genus Russula: large genus of fungi with stout stems and white spores and neither annulus nor volva; brittle caps of red or purple or yellow or green or blue; differs from genus Lactarius in lacking milky juice
genus Ruta: type genus of the Rutaceae; strong-scented Eurasian herbs
genus Sabal: American dwarf fan palms
genus Sabbatia: genus of smooth slender North American herbs with showy flowers
genus Sabinea: small genus of deciduous West Indian trees or shrubs: carib wood
genus Saccharomyces: single-celled yeasts that reproduce asexually by budding; used to ferment carbohydrates
genus Saccharum: tall perennial reedlike grass originally of southeastern Asia: sugarcane
genus Sadleria: low tree ferns with large fronds; in rain forests and on lava flows of Hawaiian Islands
genus Sagina: small low-growing annual or perennial herbs of temperate and cool regions
genus Sagittaria: genus of aquatic herbs of temperate and tropical regions having sagittate or hastate leaves and white scapose flowers
genus Saintpaulia: east African herb with nodding flowers; widely cultivated
genus Salicornia: glassworts
genus Salix: a large and widespread genus varying in size from small shrubs to large trees: willows
genus Salpichroa: herbs of temperate North and South America: cock's eggs
genus Salpiglossis: small genus of herbs of the southern Andes having large showy flowers
genus Salsola: chiefly Old World herbs or shrubs: saltworts
genus Salvadora: genus of evergreen trees or shrubs; fruit is a drupe; grows in Africa through Arabia to India and China
genus Salvia: large genus of shrubs and subshrubs of the mint family varying greatly in habit: sage
genus Salvinia: type genus of the Salviniaceae: water ferns
genus Sambucus: elder; elderberry
genus Samolus: genus of herbs usually growing in salt marshes: water pimpernels
genus Sanguinaria: one species: bloodroot
genus Sanicula: chiefly American herbs: sanicle
genus Sansevieria: Old World tropical herbaceous perennial of the agave family; in some classifications considered a genus of Liliaceae
genus Santalum: parasitic trees of Indonesia and Malaysia
genus Santolina: genus of Mediterranean subshrubs with rayless flower heads
genus Sanvitalia: small genus of tropical American annual herbs: creeping zinnia
genus Sapindus: type genus of the Sapindaceae
genus Saponaria: mostly perennial Old World herbs
genus Saprolegnia: aquatic fungi growing chiefly on plant debris and animal remains
genus Sarcobatus: one species: greasewood
genus Sarcocephalus: genus of tropical African trees and shrubs
genus Sarcochilus: diminutive epiphytic or lithophytic orchids with clumped short-stemmed foliage and arching racemes of colorful flowers; Australia and Polynesia to southeastern Asia
genus Sarcodes: snow plant; in some classifications placed in family Pyrolaceae
genus Sarcostemma: succulent subshrubs or vines; tropical and subtropical India and Africa and Malaysia
genus Sarracenia: pitcher plants
genus Sassafras: a genus of sassafras
genus Satureja: savory
genus Saururus: type genus of the Saururaceae: lizard's-tails
genus Saussurea: genus of herbs of temperate and cool regions of Eurasia
genus Saxe-gothea: one species: Prince Albert's yew
genus Saxifraga: type genus of the Saxifragaceae; large genus of usually perennial herbs of Arctic and cool regions of northern hemisphere: saxifrage
genus Scabiosa: annual or perennial herbs or subshrubs; mainly Mediterranean
genus Scaphosepalum: comprises some tropical American species usually placed in genus Masdevallia: diminutive plants with small flowers carried on one scape
genus Schaffneria: one species
genus Schefflera: large genus of shrubby and climbing tropical plants having showy digitately compound foliage
genus Schinus: genus of evergreen shrubs and trees of tropical and subtropical regions of South and Central America and Canary Islands and China
genus Schizachyrium: overlaps the genus Andropogon
genus Schizaea: type genus of the Schizaeaceae cosmopolitan especially in tropics; small leptosporangiate ferns: curly grass fern
genus Schizanthus: Chilean herbs with orchid-like flowers
genus Schizopetalon: small genus of South American herbs grown for its flowers
genus Schizophragma: small genus of deciduous climbing and creeping shrubs with white flowers in flat clusters; sometimes placed in family Saxifragaceae
genus Schizosaccharomyces: type and only genus of Schizosaccharomycetaceae; comprises the fission yeasts
genus Schlumbergera: South American epiphytic or lithophytic cacti
genus Schomburgkia: genus of tropical American epiphytic orchids with showy racemose flowers
genus Sciadopitys: type and sole genus of Sciadopityaceae; Japanese umbrella pines
genus Scilla: sometimes placed in subfamily Hyacinthaceae
genus Scindapsus: evergreen climbers with adhesive adventitious roots; southeastern Asia and Brazil
genus Scirpus: rhizomatous perennial grasslike herbs
genus Scleranthus: small genus of Old World weedy prostrate annuals: knawel
genus Scleroderma: genus of poisonous fungi having hard-skinned fruiting bodies: false truffles
genus Sclerotinia: large genus of ascomycetous fungi including various destructive plant pathogens
genus Sclerotium: form genus of sterile imperfect fungi; many form sclerotia; some cause sclerotium disease in plants
genus Scolopendrium: a genus of ferns belonging to the family Polypodiaceae (in some classification systems included in genus Asplenium)
genus Scolymus: small genus of thistlelike herbs of the Mediterranean region
genus Scopolia: genus of European perennial herbs yielding medicinal alkaloids
genus Scorzonera: genus of narrow-leaved European herbs
genus Scrophularia: type genus of Scrophulariaceae; named for the plants' supposed ability to cure scrofula: figworts
genus Scutellaria: an asterid dicot genus that includes the skullcaps
genus Sebastiana: Mexican spurges
genus Secale: cereal grass widely cultivated for its grain: rye
genus Sedum: large genus of rock plants having thick fleshy leaves
genus Selaginella: type and sole genus of the Selaginellaceae; evergreen moss-like plants: spike moss and little club moss
genus Selenicereus: mostly epiphytic climbing cacti that bloom at night
genus Selenipedium: genus of tall reedlike tropical American orchids; includes species with pods used locally as a substitute for vanilla
genus Senecio: enormous and diverse cosmopolitan genus of trees and shrubs and vines and herbs including many weeds
genus Senna: genus of shrubs and trees and herbs many of which are often classified as members of the genus Cassia
genus Septobasidium: type genus of Septobasidiaceae: smooth shelf fungi usually having a well-developed sometimes thick-walled hypobasidium
genus Sequoia: redwoods; until recently considered a genus of a separate family Taxodiaceae
genus Sequoiadendron: giant sequoias; sometimes included in the genus Sequoia; until recently placed in the Taxodiaceae
genus Serenoa: one species: saw palmetto
genus Sericocarpus: small genus of herbs of the eastern United States: white-topped asters
genus Seriphidium: woody plants grown chiefly for their silver or grey and often aromatic foliage; formerly included in the genus Artemisia
genus Serratula: genus of Old World perennial herbs with spirally arranged toothed leaves
genus Sesamum: tropical African and Indian herbs
genus Sesbania: small genus of tropical and subtropical leguminous herbs or shrubs or trees
genus Seseli: a rosid dicot genus that includes moon carrots
genus Setaria: annual or perennial grasses of warm regions: bristlegrasses
genus Shorea: genus of Indonesian and Malaysian timber trees rich in resin
genus Shortia: evergreen perennial herbs of North America and eastern Asia: oconee bells
genus Sida: large genus of tropical subshrubs or herbs some of which yield fibers of mucilaginous substances
genus Sidalcea: genus of showy plants of western North America having palmate leaves and variously colored racemose flowers
genus Sideritis: genus of woolly aromatic herbs or subshrubs or shrubs of Mediterranean region
genus Silene: large widely distributed genus of plants having mostly showy flowers of various colors: campion; catchfly
genus Silphium: tall North American perennial herbs
genus Silybum: small genus of east African herbs
genus Simarouba: type genus of Simaroubaceae; tropical American trees and shrubs having a pale soft wood and bitter bark
genus Sinapis: small genus of Old World herbs usually included in genus Brassica
genus Sinningia: genus of perennial tuberous herbs and shrubs of Central and South America
genus Sison: genus including stone parsley
genus Sisymbrium: genus of Old World annual or biennial or perennial herbs with racemose flowers; many are considered to be weeds
genus Sisyrinchium: chiefly North American grasslike herbs
genus Sium: perennial of wet and marshy places in the northern hemisphere: water parsnips
genus Sloanea: genus of tropical hardwood timber trees
genus Smilax: sometimes placed in Smilacaceae
genus Smyrnium: Alexanders
genus Sobralia: genus of tropical American orchids
genus Solandra: shrubby climbers of tropical America
genus Solanopteris: tropical American epiphytic ferns having rhizomes with tubers and roots as well as scales
genus Solanum: type genus of the Solanaceae: nightshade; potato; eggplant; bittersweet
genus Soleirolia: one species; a dwarf creeping mat-forming evergreen herb
genus Solenostemon: genus of shrubby often succulent herbs of tropical Africa and Asia; includes some plants often placed in genus Coleus
genus Solidago: goldenrod
genus Sonchus: sow thistles
genus Sophora: cosmopolitan genus of trees and shrubs having odd-pinnate leaves and showy flowers; some species placed in genus Podalyria
genus Sorbus: a genus of shrubs or trees of the family Rosaceae having feathery leaves
genus Sorghum: annual or perennial tropical and subtropical cereal grasses: sorghum
genus Sparaxis: deciduous perennial herbs of South Africa
genus Sparganium: type and sole genus of Sparganiaceae; marsh or aquatic herbs of temperate regions
genus Sparmannia: small genus of tropical African shrubs
genus Spartina: grass of freshwater swamps and salt marshes of Europe, Africa, America, and South Atlantic islands
genus Spartium: one species: Spanish broom
genus Spathiphyllum: evergreen rhizomatous perennials of tropical America and Philippines and Indonesia
genus Spergula: small genus of Old World annual herbs: corn spurry
genus Spergularia: chiefly maritime Eurasian herbs: sand spurry; sea spurry
genus Sphacelotheca: genus of smut fungus
genus Sphaeralcea: large genus of chiefly tropical herbs with showy flowers and mostly globose fruits: globe mallows
genus Sphaerocarpus: type genus of Sphaerocarpaceae; liverworts with small many-lobed usually orbicular thallus
genus Sphagnum: a large genus constituting the order Sphagnales: atypical mosses of temperate bogs with leaves that can hold much water
genus Spinacia: spinach
genus Spiraea: a dicotyledonous genus of the family Rosaceae
genus Spiranthes: large cosmopolitan genus of white-flowered terrestrial orchids
genus Spirodela: minute aquatic herbs floating on the water surface consisting of a shiny leaflike frond and 2-21 roots
genus Spondias: tropical trees having one-seeded fruit
genus Sporobolus: cosmopolitan annual and perennial grasses (as dropseed or rush grass)
genus Spraguea: small genus of usually perennial herbs having deep woody taproots and flower heads of umbels or cymes
genus Stachys: large genus of usually woolly or hairy herbs or subshrubs or shrubs; temperate eastern hemisphere; tropical Australasia
genus Stanhopea: genus of tropical American epiphytic orchids
genus Stanleya: prince's plume
genus Stapelia: genus of foul-smelling plants resembling cacti; found from Africa to East India
genus Staphylea: a genus of small trees or shrubs of the family Staphylaceae
genus Stelis: genus of small caespitose orchids of tropical America
genus Stellaria: common chickweed; stitchwort
genus Stenocarpus: small genus of timber trees; Australia to Malaysia
genus Stenochlaena: large tropical ferns; some epiphytic climbers and some terrestrial bog ferns; Africa; Asia; Australasia
genus Stenotaphrum: lawn grasses
genus Stenotus: genus of western North American low evergreen shrubs growing in dense tufts
genus Stephanomeria: malheur wire lettuce
genus Stephanotis: genus of Old World tropical woody vines
genus Sterculia: type genus of the Sterculiaceae: deciduous or evergreen trees of Old and New World tropics and subtropics
genus Stevia: genus of shrubs and herbs of tropical and warm Americas
genus Sticherus: umbrella ferns; warm regions of Australia and New Zealand
genus Stizolobium: genus of tropical herbs and woody vines having trifoliate leaves and showy flowers in axillary clusters
genus Stokesia: one species: stokes' aster
genus Strekelia: a monocotyledonous genus of the amaryllis family
genus Strelitzia: small genus of large perennial evergreen herbs having leaves resembling those of banana plants; sometimes placed in family Musaceae
genus Streptocarpus: large genus of usually stemless African or Asian herbs: Cape primrose
genus Streptosolen: one species: marmalade bush
genus Strobilomyces: fungi similar to Boletus but with a shaggy scaly cap
genus Strongylodon: genus of Polynesian or southeastern Asian shrubs or vines
genus Strophanthus: genus of tropical Asiatic and African shrubs and woody vines and small trees
genus Stropharia: genus of gill fungi with brown spores that is closely related to Agaricus; here placed in its own family Strophariaceae
genus Stylomecon: one species: wind poppy
genus Stylophorum: wood poppies
genus Styphelia: Australian heathlike shrubs
genus Styrax: deciduous or evergreen shrubs and small trees
genus Subularia: small genus of herbs of north temperate regions and mountains of tropical Africa
genus Suillus: a genus of fungi belonging to the family Boletaceae
genus Suksdorfia: small genus of rhizomatous herbs of northwestern America and South America
genus Sundacarpus: one species
genus Swainsona: a genus of Australian herbs and subshrubs: darling peas
genus Swertia: genus of herbs of mountains of North America and Eurasia and Africa
genus Swietinia: tropical American mahogany trees
genus Symphoricarpos: deciduous shrubs of North America and Central America and China
genus Symphytum: comfrey
genus Symplocarpus: one species: skunk cabbage
genus Symplocus: type and sole genus of Symplocaceae including sweetleaf
genus Synchytrium: simple parasitic fungi including pond scum parasites
genus Syngonium: epiphytic or terrestrial climbing shrubs of Central and South America; used as ornamental houseplants for their velvety foliage
genus Syringa: genus of Old World shrubs or low trees having fragrant flowers in showy panicles: lilacs
genus Syzygium: a tropical evergreen tree of the myrtle family native to the East Indies but cultivated elsewhere
genus Tabernaemontana: evergreen tropical trees and shrubs with milky sap
genus Tacca: genus of tropical plants with creeping rootstocks and small umbellate flowers
genus Tagetes: marigolds
genus Talinum: genus of mainly American more-or-less succulent herbs
genus Tamarindus: widely cultivated tropical trees originally of Africa
genus Tamarix: genus of deciduous shrubs or small trees of eastern Mediterranean regions and tropical Asia
genus Tamus: a genus of tuberous vines of the family Dioscoreaceae; has twining stems and heart-shaped leaves and axillary racemes
genus Tanacetum: a large genus of plants resembling chrysanthemums; comprises some plants often included in other genera especially genus Chrysanthemum
genus Taraktagenos: medium to large Indonesian and Malaysian trees
genus Taraxacum: an asterid dicot genus of the family Compositae including dandelions
genus Tarrietia: small genus of east Asian and Australian timber trees
genus Taxodium: bald cypress; swamp cypress
genus Taxus: yews
genus Tectaria: terrestrial or epilithic ferns of tropical rain forests
genus Tectona: small genus of southeastern Asian tropics: teak
genus Telanthera: used in former classifications systems; now included in genus Alternanthera
genus Tellima: genus of hardy perennials with palmately lobed leaves and long racemes of small nodding five-petaled flowers; western North America
genus Telopea: Australian evergreen shrubs: waratahs
genus Templetonia: genus of Australian shrubs or subshrubs: coral bush
genus Tephrosia: genus of tropical and subtropical herbs or shrubs: hoary peas
genus Terrietia: small genus of timber trees of eastern Asia, Australasia and tropical Africa that form large buttresses
genus Tetraclinis: sandarac tree
genus Tetragonia: New Zealand spinach
genus Tetraneuris: genus of hairy yellow-flowered plants of the western United States
genus Teucrium: large widely distributed genus of perennial herbs or shrubs or subshrubs; native to Mediterranean region to western Asia
genus Thalictrum: widely distributed genus of perennial herbs: meadow rue
genus Thelypteris: marsh ferns: in some classification systems considered part of genus Dryopteris in family Dryopteridaceae
genus Theobroma: cacao plants
genus Thermopsis: genus of American and Asiatic showy rhizomatous herbs: bush peas
genus Thespesia: a small genus of tropical trees including the portia tree
genus Thevetia: genus of poisonous tropical American evergreen shrubs and trees having entire leaves and large cymose flowers
genus Thielavia: genus of fungi having spherical brown perithecia and some conidia borne in chains; cause root rot
genus Thlaspi: herbs of temperate regions: pennycress
genus Thrinax: small to medium-sized fan palms
genus Thuja: red cedar
genus Thujopsis: one species; has close similarity to genus Thuja
genus Thunbergia: a genus of herbs or vines of the family Acanthaceae
genus Thymus: large genus of Old World mints: thyme
genus Thyrsopteris: one species
genus Thysanocarpus: small genus of herbs of upland regions of the Pacific coast of North America
genus Tiarella: small genus of North American herbs having mostly basal leaves and slender racemes of delicate white flowers
genus Tilia: deciduous trees with smooth usually silver-grey bark of North America and Europe and Asia: lime trees; lindens; basswood
genus Tillandsia: large genus of epiphytic or terrestrial sparse-rooting tropical plants usually forming dense clumps or pendant masses
genus Tilletia: a genus of fungi belonging to the family Tilletiaceae
genus Tipuana: one species: South American tree: tipu tree
genus Tithonia: genus of robust herbs of Mexico and Central America: Mexican sunflower
genus Todea: a genus of delicate ferns belonging to the family Osmundaceae
genus Tofieldia: genus of perennial herbs of cool temperate regions; sometimes placed in family Melanthiaceae
genus Tolmiea: one species: pickaback plant
genus Toona: formerly included in genus Cedrela
genus Torreya: nutmeg-yews
genus Townsendia: genus of western American low tufted herbs: Easter daisy
genus Toxicodendron: in some classifications: comprising those members of the genus Rhus having foliage that is poisonous to the touch; of North America and northern South America
genus Trachelospermum: genus of Asiatic woody vines with milky sap in leaves and stems
genus Tradescantia: spiderworts
genus Tragopogon: genus of Old World herbs with linear entire leaves and yellow or purple flower heads
genus Trapa: small genus of Eurasian aquatic perennial herbs: water chestnut
genus Trautvetteria: small genus of perennial herbs: false bugbane
genus Trema: an evergreen tree of the family Ulmaceae that grows in tropical America and Africa and Asia
genus Tremella: fungi with yellowish gelatinous sporophores having convolutions resembling those of the brain
genus Tribulus: annual or perennial herbs or subshrubs of warm regions
genus Trichoceros: small genus of small epiphytic or terrestrial orchids of tropical South America
genus Tricholoma: agarics with white spores and a fleshy stalk and notched gills; of various colors both edible and inedible
genus Trichomanes: bristle ferns; kidney ferns
genus Trichophyton: a genus of fungus of the family Moniliaceae; causes ringworm and favus
genus Trichostema: genus of North American aromatic herbs or subshrubs: blue curls
genus Trichostigma: a genus of erect or climbing shrubs found in tropical South America
genus Trifolium: any leguminous plant having leaves divided into three leaflets
genus Triglochin: perennial or annual bog or marsh plants; includes arrow grass
genus Trigonella: Old World genus of frequently aromatic herbs
genus Trilisa: genus of herbs of southern United States
genus Trillium: deciduous perennial herbs; sometimes placed in family Liliaceae
genus Triostium: genus of Asiatic and North American herbs: feverroot
genus Tripleurospermum: small genus comprising plants often included in genus Matricaria
genus Triplochiton: small genus of tropical African trees with maplelike leaves
genus Triticum: annual cereal grasses from Mediterranean area; widely cultivated in temperate regions
genus Trollius: perennial herbs of north temperate regions: globeflowers
genus Tropaeolum: a tropical American genus of dicotyledonous climbing or diffuse pungent herbs constituting the family Tropaeolaceae
genus Truncocolumella: a genus of fungi belonging to the family Rhizopogonaceae
genus Tsuga: hemlock; hemlock fir; hemlock spruce
genus Tuber: type genus of the Tuberaceae: fungi whose fruiting bodies are typically truffles
genus Tubercularia: type genus of the Tuberculariaceae; fungi with nodules of red or pink conidia; some cause diebacks of woody plants
genus Tulipa: Eurasian perennial bulbous herbs
genus Tulostoma: type genus of the Tulostomaceae
genus Turreae: genus of trees and shrubs of tropical Africa and Asia and Australia
genus Turritis: closely related to and often included in genus Arabis
genus Tussilago: genus of low creeping yellow-flowered perennial herbs of north temperate regions: coltsfoots; in some classifications includes species often placed in other genera especially Homogyne and Petasites
genus Typha: reed maces; cattails
genus Ulex: genus of Eurasian spiny shrubs: gorse
genus Ulmus: type genus of family Ulmaceae; deciduous trees having simple serrate leaves; widely distributed in temperate regions
genus Umbellularia: aromatic evergreen trees of Pacific coast
genus Urginea: Mediterranean liliaceous plants; sometimes placed in family Hyacinthaceae
genus Urocystis: a genus of smut fungi belonging to the family Tilletiaceae
genus Ursinia: genus of South African herbs and shrubs cultivated as ornamentals
genus Urtica: a nettle yielding fiber resembling flax
genus Usnea: widely distributed lichens usually having a greyish or yellow pendulous freely branched thallus
genus Ustilaginoidea: genus of imperfect fungi causing plant diseases like smut
genus Ustilago: type genus of the Ustilaginaceae; genus comprising the loose smuts
genus Utricularia: bladderworts: large genus of aquatic carnivorous plants; cosmopolitan in distribution
genus Uvularia: genus of perennial rhizomatous herb of southern and southeastern United States
genus Vaccaria: cow-cockles
genus Vaccinium: evergreen or deciduous berry-bearing shrubs of northern hemisphere: cranberries; blueberries
genus Valeriana: genus of widely distributed perennial herbs and some shrubs
genus Valerianella: genus of Old World annual herbs widely naturalized
genus Vallisneria: eelgrass; eel grass
genus Vanda: genus of showy epiphytic orchids of Himalayas to Malaysia
genus Vangueria: tropical African and Asiatic trees and shrubs having one-seeded fruit
genus Vanilla: large genus of tropical climbing orchids; Old and New Worlds
genus Veratrum: a genus of coarse poisonous perennial herbs; sometimes placed in subfamily Melanthiaceae
genus Verbascum: genus of coarse herbs and subshrubs mostly with woolly leaves
genus Verbena: type genus of the Verbenaceae; genus of herbaceous perennials and subshrubs
genus Verbesina: herbs and shrubs of warm North America to Mexico; includes plants formerly placed in genus Actinomeris
genus Vernonia: genus of New World tropical herbs or shrubs with terminal cymose heads of tubular flowers
genus Veronica: widespread genus of herbs with pink or white or blue or purple flowers: speedwell
genus Verticillium: genus of imperfect fungi having conidia borne singly at the apex of whorled branchlets; cause wilt diseases
genus Vesicaria: small genus of chiefly Mediterranean herbs: bladderpods
genus Viburnum: deciduous or evergreen shrubs or small trees: arrow-wood; wayfaring tree
genus Vicia: widely distributed genus of annual or perennial and often climbing herbs
genus Vigna: genus of vines or erect herbs having trifoliate leaves and yellowish or purplish flowers; of warm or tropical regions; most species often placed in genus Phaseolus
genus Viminaria: one species: Australian leafless shrubs: swamp oak
genus Vinca: periwinkles: low creeping evergreen perennials
genus Vincetoxicum: genus of chiefly tropical American vines having cordate leaves and large purple or greenish cymose flowers; supposedly having powers as an antidote
genus Viola: large genus of flowering herbs of temperate regions
genus Virgilia: genus of South African trees having pinnate leaves and rose-purple flowers followed by leathery pods
genus Viscum: type genus of the Viscaceae: Old World evergreen shrubs parasitic on many trees including oaks but especially apple trees, poplars, aspens and cottonwoods
genus Vitis: the type genus of the family Vitaceae; woody vines with simple leaves and small flowers; includes a wide variety of grapes
genus Vittaria: tropical epiphytic ferns with straplike fronds
genus Volvaria: agarics having pink spores and a distinct volva
genus Volvariella: an important genus of mushrooms in the Orient
genus Weigela: east Asian flowering shrubs
genus Welwitschia: type and sole genus of Welwitschiaceae
genus Wisteria: Asiatic deciduous woody vine having large drooping racemes of white or bluish or purple or pinkish flowers and velvety pods; widely grown as an ornamental
genus Wolffia: minute rootless aquatic herbs having globular fronds floating on or near the water surface and bearing one flower per frond
genus Wolffiella: minute rootless aquatic herbs having flat fronds floating on or below the water surface and bearing 1-2 flowers per frond; America and Africa
genus Woodsia: genus of small to medium-sized usually rock-inhabiting ferns of temperate and cold regions; in some classification systems placed in Polypodiaceae
genus Woodwardia: in some classification systems placed in family Polypodiaceae: chain ferns
genus Wyethia: coarse leafy perennial plants resembling sunflowers found especially in the western United States
genus Wynnea: a genus of fungi belonging to the family Sarcoscyphaceae
genus Xanthium: coarse herbs having small heads of greenish flowers followed by burrs with hooked bristles
genus Xanthorroea: grass trees; sometimes placed in family Xanthorrhoeaceae
genus Xanthosoma: tropical American tuberous perennials
genus Xeranthemum: genus of annual densely hairy herbs of Mediterranean to southwestern Asia
genus Xerophyllum: small genus of North American herbs having grasslike basal leaves: squaw grass; sometimes placed in family Melanthiaceae
genus Xylaria: type genus of Xylariaceae; fungi with perithecia in the upper part of erect black woody stromata
genus Xylomelum: small species of Australian trees or shrubs; grown for their fruit and flowers
genus Xylopia: tropical evergreen trees or shrubs; chiefly African
genus Xylosma: genus of tropical American and Asiatic spiny evergreen trees and shrubs
genus Xyris: chiefly American marsh plants, having usually yellow flowers
genus Yucca: tropical American plants with stiff lancelike leaves and spikes of white blossoms; sometimes considered a genus of Amaryllidaceae
genus Zamia: genus of small evergreen tropical and subtropical American cycads
genus Zannichellia: horned pondweed: completely submerged herbs; in some classifications included in Potamogetonaceae
genus Zantedeschia: calla lily
genus Zanthoxylum: deciduous or evergreen trees or shrubs: prickly ash
genus Zea: corn
genus Zerumbet: perennial rhizomatous herbs of Asia and Australia and Polynesia having ginger-scented rhizomes
genus Zigadenus: genus of mostly North American poisonous plants; sometimes placed in family Melanthiaceae
genus Zingiber: tropical Asiatic and Polynesian perennial plants: ginger
genus Zinnia: genus of annual or perennial plants of tropical America having solitary heads of brightly colored flowers
genus Zizania: wild rice
genus Ziziphus: spiny chiefly tropical American and Asiatic shrubs: jujubes
genus Zostera: (or in some classifications family Zosteraceae) small genus of widely distributed marine plants
genus Zoysia: lawn grasses native to southeastern Asia and New Zealand; grown especially in warm regions
genus Zygocactus: small genus of Brazilian cacti having flat fleshy usually branched joints and showy red or pink flowers followed by red fleshy fruits
genus Zygophyllum: usually tropical herbs or shrubs having ill-smelling foliage and flower buds that are used as capers: bean capers
Geoffroea decorticans: thorny shrub or small tree common in central Argentina having small orange or yellow flowers followed by edible berries
Geogia holly: a holly shrub
geophyte: a perennial plant that propagates by underground bulbs or tubers or corms
geranium: any of numerous plants of the family Geraniaceae
Geranium maculatum: common wild geranium of eastern North America with deeply parted leaves and rose-purple flowers
Geranium molle: western geranium with small pink flowers; a common weed on lawns and in vacant lots
Geranium pratense: tall perennial cranesbill with paired violet-blue axillary flowers; native to northern parts of Old World and naturalized in North America
Geranium robertianum: a sticky low herb with small reddish-purple flowers; widespread in the northern hemisphere
Geranium viscosissimum: geranium of western North America having pinkish-purple flowers in open clusters
gerardia: any plant of the genus Gerardia
Gerbera jamesonii: widely cultivated South African perennial having flower heads with orange to flame-colored rays
Gerea canescens: slender hairy plant with few leaves and golden-yellow flower heads; sandy desert areas of southeastern California to southwestern Utah and western Arizona and northwestern Mexico
germ pore: a pore in the outer wall of a spore or pollen grain through which the germ tube or pollen tube makes its exit on germination
germ tube: (botany) a slender tubular outgrowth from a spore in germination
germander: any of various plants of the genus Teucrium
gesneria: any plant of the genus Gesneria
gesneriad: any of numerous tropical or subtropical small shrubs or treelets or epiphytic vines of the family Gesneriaceae: African violet; Cape primroses; gloxinia
Geum alleppicum strictum: erect subshrub with deep yellow flowers; Europe and Asia and North America
Geum canadense: North American white-flowered avens
Geum macrophyllum: hairy yellow-flowered plant of eastern Asia and North America
Geum triflorum: North American perennial with hairy basal pinnate leaves and purple flowers and plume-tipped fruits
Geum urbanum: hairy Eurasian plant with small yellow flowers and an astringent root formerly used medicinally
Geum virginianum: avens of Virginia having pale or greenish yellow flowers
giant foxtail: two species of coarse annual foxtails that are naturalized weeds in United States
giant hyssop: any of a number of aromatic plants of the genus Agastache
gill fungus: a basidiomycete with gills
gill: any of the radiating leaflike spore-producing structures on the underside of the cap of a mushroom or similar fungus
gillyflower: any of several Old World plants cultivated for their brightly colored flowers
ginger: perennial plants having thick branching aromatic rhizomes and leafy reedlike stems
Ginkgo biloba: deciduous dioecious Chinese tree having fan-shaped leaves and fleshy yellow seeds; exists almost exclusively in cultivation especially as an ornamental street tree
ginseng: aromatic root of ginseng plants
glad: any of numerous plants of the genus Gladiolus native chiefly to tropical and South Africa having sword-shaped leaves and one-sided spikes of brightly colored funnel-shaped flowers; widely cultivated
glandular Labrador tea: a Rocky Mountain shrub similar to Ledum groenlandicum
Glaucium flavum: yellow-flowered Eurasian glaucous herb naturalized in along sandy shores in eastern North America
Glaux maritima: a small fleshy herb common along North American seashores and in brackish marshes having pink or white flowers
gleba: fleshy spore-bearing inner mass of e.g. a puffball or stinkhorn
Glechoma hederaceae: trailing European aromatic plant of the mint family having rounded leaves and small purplish flowers often grown in hanging baskets; naturalized in North America; sometimes placed in genus Nepeta
Gleditsia aquatica: honey locust of swamps and bottomlands of southern United States having short oval pods; yields dark heavy wood
Gleditsia triacanthos: tall usually spiny North American tree having small greenish-white flowers in drooping racemes followed by long twisting seed pods; yields very hard durable reddish-brown wood; introduced to temperate Old World
gliricidia: any of several small deciduous trees valued for their dark wood and dense racemes of nectar-rich pink flowers grown in great profusion on arching branches; roots and bark and leaves and seeds are poisonous
globe flower: any of several plants of the genus Trollius having globose yellow flowers
globe thistle: any of various plants of the genus Echinops having prickly leaves and dense globose heads of bluish flowers
glochid: a barbed spine or bristle (often tufted on cacti)
glomerule: a compacted or sessile cyme
Gloriosa superba: any plant of the genus Gloriosa of tropical Africa and Asia; a perennial herb climbing by means of tendrils at leaf tips having showy yellow to red or purple flowers; all parts are poisonous
gloxinia: any of several plants of the genera Gloxinia or Sinningia (greenhouse gloxinias) having showy bell-shaped flowers
Gloxinia perennis: herb of Colombia to Peru having pale purple flowers
glume: small dry membranous bract found in inflorescences of Gramineae and Cyperaceae
Glyceria grandis: a pasture grass of moist places throughout North America
Glycine max: erect bushy hairy annual herb having trifoliate leaves and purple to pink flowers; extensively cultivated for food and forage and soil improvement but especially for its nutritious oil-rich seeds; native to Asia
Glycyrrhiza glabra: deep-rooted coarse-textured plant native to the Mediterranean region having blue flowers and pinnately compound leaves; widely cultivated in Europe for its long thick sweet roots
Glycyrrhiza lepidota: North American plant similar to true licorice and having a root with similar properties
Gnaphalium sylvaticum: weedy perennial of north temperate regions having woolly foliage and dirty white flowers in a leafy spike
Gnetum gnemon: small tropical tree with tiered branches and divaricate branchlets having broad glossy dark green leaves; exploited for its edible young leaves and seeds that provide a fine flour
golden aster: any of several shrubby herbs or subshrubs of the genus Chrysopsis having bright golden-yellow flower heads that resemble asters; throughout much of United States and into Canada
golden calla: any of several callas of the genus Zantedeschia having yellow spathes
golden gram: seed of the mung bean plant; used for food
golden saxifrage: any of various low aquatic herbs of the genus Chrysosplenium
golden thistle: any of several spiny Mediterranean herbs of the genus Scolymus having yellow flower heads
goldenbush: any of various much-branched yellow-flowered shrubs of the genus Chrysothamnus; western North America
goldenbush: a plant of the genus Haplopappus
goldenrod: any of numerous chiefly summer-blooming and fall-blooming North American plants especially of the genus Solidago
Goldie's shield fern: North American fern with a blackish lustrous stipe
Gomphrena globosa: tropical American herb having rose to red or purple flowers that can be dried without losing color
Goodenia: a genus of shrubs and herbs that grow in Australia and New Guinea and Malaysia and southeast Asia
goosefoot: any of various weeds of the genus Chenopodium having small greenish flowers
Gossypium arboreum: East Indian shrub cultivated especially for ornament for its pale yellow to deep purple blossoms
Gossypium barbadense: small bushy tree grown on islands of the Caribbean and off the Atlantic coast of the southern United States; yields cotton with unusually long silky fibers
Gossypium herbaceum: Old World annual having heart-shaped leaves and large seeds with short greyish lint removed with difficulty; considered an ancestor of modern short-staple cottons
Gossypium hirsutum: native tropical American plant now cultivated in the United States yielding short-staple cotton
Gossypium peruvianum: cotton with long rough hairy fibers
gourd: any of numerous inedible fruits with hard rinds
gourd: any vine of the family Cucurbitaceae that bears fruits with hard rinds
grain: a cereal grass
grain sorghum: any of several sorghums cultivated primarily for grain
grainy club: a variety of grainy club mushrooms
grama: pasture grass of plains of South America and western North America
graminaceous plant: cosmopolitan herbaceous or woody plants with hollow jointed stems and long narrow leaves
granadilla wood: dark red hardwood derived from the cocobolo and used in making musical instruments e.g. clarinets
grape fern: a fern of the genus Botrychium having a fertile frond bearing small grapelike clusters of spore cases
grape hyacinth: any of various early flowering spring hyacinths native to Eurasia having dense spikes of rounded blue flowers resembling bunches of small grapes
grape: any of numerous woody vines of genus Vitis bearing clusters of edible berries
Graptophyllum pictum: tropical Old World shrub having purple or red tubular flowers and leaf markings resembling the profile of a human face
grass: narrow-leaved green herbage: grown as lawns; used as pasture for grazing animals; cut and dried as hay
grass-leaved golden aster: a variety of golden aster
grass-of-Parnassus: any of various usually evergreen bog plants of the genus Parnassia having broad smooth basal leaves and a single pale flower resembling a buttercup
green bean: a common bean plant cultivated for its slender green edible pods
green mushroom pimple: a variety of mushroom pimple
greenery: green foliage
greenhood: any of numerous orchids of the genus Pterostylis having leaves in a basal rosette and green flowers often striped purple or brown or red with the dorsal sepal incurved to form a hood
grevillea: any shrub or tree of the genus Grevillea
Grevillea banksii: tall shrub with cylindrical racemes of red flowers and pinnatifid leaves silky and grey beneath; eastern Australia
Grevillea robusta: medium to tall fast-growing tree with orange flowers and feathery bipinnate leaves silky-hairy beneath; eastern Australia
Grevillea striata: tree yielding hard heavy reddish wood
Grevillela parallela: small slender tree with usually entire grey-green pendulous leaves and white or cream-colored flowers; northern Australia
Grewia asiatica: drought-resistant Asiatic treelike shrub bearing pleasantly acid small red edible fruits commonly used in sherbets
Grias cauliflora: West Indian tree bearing edible fruit resembling mango
Grindelia robusta: perennial gumweed of California and Baja California
Grindelia squarrosa: perennial gumweed of western and central North America
Griselinia littoralis: small New Zealand broadleaf evergreen tree often cultivated in warm regions as an ornamental
Griselinia lucida: South American shrub or small tree having long shining evergreen leaves and panicles of green or yellow flowers
ground cherry: any of numerous cosmopolitan annual or perennial herbs of the genus Physalis bearing edible fleshy berries enclosed in a bladderlike husk; some cultivated for their flowers
ground cover: small plants other than saplings growing on a forest floor
ground cover: low-growing plants planted in deep shade or on a steep slope where turf is difficult to grow
group Amentiferae: used in some classification systems for plants that bear catkins
group Centrospermae: used in former classification systems; approximately synonymous with order Caryophyllales
group Pteridospermaphyta: used in some classification systems: a group of extinct fossil gymnosperms coextensive with the order Cycadofilicales
guaiac wood: heartwood of a palo santo; yields an aromatic oil used in perfumes
guaiac: hard greenish-brown wood of the lignum vitae tree and other trees of the genus Guaiacum
guaiacum: medicinal resin from the lignum vitae tree
Guaiacum officinale: small evergreen tree of Caribbean and southern Central America to northern South America; a source of lignum vitae wood, hardest of commercial timbers, and a medicinal resin
Guaiacum sanctum: small evergreen tree of the southern United States and West Indies a source of lignum vitae wood
Guevina heterophylla: Chilean shrub bearing coral-red fruit with an edible seed resembling a hazelnut
guinea flower: any of several Australasian evergreen vines widely cultivated in warm regions for their large bright yellow single flowers
gum myrrh: aromatic resin that is burned as incense and used in perfume
gum plant: any of various western American plants of the genus Grindelia having resinous leaves and stems formerly used medicinally; often poisonous to livestock
gum: any of various trees of the genera Eucalyptus or Liquidambar or Nyssa that are sources of gum
gum: wood or lumber from any of various gum trees especially the sweet gum
Gutierrezia microcephala: similar to Gutierrezia sarothrae but with flower heads having fewer rays and disk flowers
Gutierrezia sarothrae: low-growing sticky subshrub of southwestern United States having narrow linear leaves on many slender branches and hundreds of tiny yellow flower heads
Gutierrezia texana: annual of southwestern United States having rigid woody branches with sticky foliage and yellow flowers
gutta-percha tree: one of several East Indian trees yielding gutta-percha
Gymnadenia conopsea: European orchid having dense spikes of fragrant pink or lilac or red flowers with conspicuous spurs
Gymnadenia odoratissima: similar to Gymnadenia conopsea but with smaller flowers on shorter stems and having much shorter spurs
Gymnocarpium dryopteris: bright blue-green fern widely distributed especially in damp acid woodlands of temperate northern hemisphere
Gymnocarpium robertianum: yellow-green fern of rocky areas of northern hemisphere
Gymnopilus spectabilis: a fungus with a brownish orange fruiting body and a ring near the top of the stalk; the taste is bitter and the flesh contains psilocybin and psilocin
Gymnopilus validipes: a poisonous fungus with a dry cap and a cortina that does not leave much of a ring on the robust stalk
Gymnopilus ventricosus: a giant fungus of the Pacific Northwest; has a very thick stalk and the cortina leaves a ring high up on the stalk
gymnosperm: plants of the class Gymnospermae having seeds not enclosed in an ovary
gymnosperm family: a family of gymnosperms
gymnosperm genus: a genus of gymnosperms
gymnospermous tree: any tree of the division Gymnospermophyta
gymnospermous yellowwood: any of various gymnospermous trees having yellow wood
Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae: rust fungus causing rust spots on apples and pears etc
gynobase: the enlarged receptacle in which the pistil is borne
gynoecium: a female gametoecium
gynophore: the stalk of a pistil that raises it above the receptacle
gynostegium: the crown of the stamen in plants of the genus Asclepias
Gynura aurantiaca: Javanese foliage plant grown for their handsome velvety leaves with violet-purple hairs
Gypsophila paniculata: tall plant with small lance-shaped leaves and numerous tiny white or pink flowers
gyromitra: any fungus of the genus Gyromitra
Gyromitra esculenta: a poisonous gyromitra; the surface of the fertile body is smooth at first and becomes progressively undulating and wrinkled (but never truly pitted); color varies from dull yellow to brown
Gyromitra fastigiata: a lorchel with deep brownish red fertile part and white stalk
Gyromitra gigas: a gyromitra with a large irregular stalk and fertile part that is yellow to brown and wrinkled; has early fruiting time
Gyromitra infula: a poisonous fungus; saddle-shaped and dull yellow to brown fertile part is relatively even
Gyromitra sphaerospora: a gyromitra with a brown puffed up fertile part and a rosy pink fluted stalk and smooth round spores; found on hardwood slash east of the Great Plains
Haastia pulvinaris: cushion-forming New Zealand herb having leaves densely covered with tawny hairs
Habenaria albiflora: bog orchid of eastern North America with a spike of pure white fringed flowers
Habenaria dilatata: orchid with spikes of many fragrant white flowers on erect leafy stems; of wet or boggy ground through most of the West and northern North America
Habenaria elegans: slender inland rein orchid similar to coastal rein orchid but with pale greenish-yellow flowers
Habenaria fimbriata: North American orchid similar to Habenaria psycodes with larger paler flowers
Habenaria greenei: stout orchid of central California to northern Washington having racemes of white fragrant bilaterally symmetrical flowers
Habenaria hookeri: a long-spurred orchid with base leaves and petals converging under the upper sepal
Habenaria lacera: fringed orchid of the eastern United States having a greenish flower with the lip deeply lacerated
Habenaria leucophaea: orchid of boggy or wet lands of north central United States having racemes of very fragrant creamy or greenish white flowers
Habenaria nivea: slender fringed orchid of eastern North America having white flowers
Habenaria orbiculata: orchid having a raceme of large greenish-white flowers on a single flower stalk growing between two elliptic or round basal leaves lying on the ground; from northern Oregon and Montana across Canada to the eastern United States
Habenaria peramoena: orchid of northeastern and alpine eastern North America closely related to the purple fringed orchids but having rosy-purple or violet flowers with denticulate leaf divisions
Habenaria psycodes: North American orchid with clusters of fragrant purple fringed flowers
Habenaria unalascensis: similar to coastal rein orchid but with smaller flowers; Alaska to Baja California and east to the Dakotas and Colorado
hackberry: any of various trees of the genus Celtis having inconspicuous flowers and small berrylike fruits
Haemanthus coccineus: spectacular plant having large prostrate leaves barred in reddish-purple and flowers with a clump of long yellow stamens in a coral-red cup of fleshy bracts; South Africa
Haematoxylum campechianum: spiny shrub or small tree of Central America and West Indies having bipinnate leaves and racemes of small bright yellow flowers and yielding a hard brown or brownish-red heartwood used in preparing a black dye
hagberry: small cherry much liked by birds
Hakea laurina: tall straggling shrub with large globose crimson-yellow flowers; western Australia
Hakea leucoptera: large bushy shrub with pungent pointed leaves and creamy white flowers; central and eastern Australia
Hakea lissosperma: shrub with pungent rigid needle-shaped leaves and white flowers; eastern Australia
Halesia tetraptera: medium-sized tree of West Virginia to Florida and Texas
Halimodendron halodendron: spiny shrub of the Caspian salt plains and Siberia having elegant silvery, downy young foliage and mildly fragrant pink-purple blooms
halm: stems of beans and peas and potatoes and grasses collectively as used for thatching and bedding
Halogeton glomeratus: a coarse annual herb introduced into North America from Siberia; dangerous to sheep and cattle on western rangelands because of its high oxalate content
Halogeton souda: Algerian plant formerly burned to obtain calcium carbonate
halophyte: plant growing naturally in very salty soil
hamamelid dicot family: family of mostly woody dicotyledonous flowering plants with flowers often unisexual and often borne in catkins
hamamelid dicot genus: genus of mostly woody relatively primitive dicotyledonous flowering plants with flowers often unisexual and often borne in catkins
Hamamelis vernalis: fragrant shrub of lower Mississippi valley having very small flowers from midwinter to spring
hamelia: any of several flowering tropical or subtropical shrubs of the genus Hamelia
Hamelia patens: handsome shrub with showy orange to scarlet or crimson flowers; Florida and West Indies to Mexico and Brazil
Haplopappus acaulis: dark green erect herb of northwestern United States and southwestern Canada having stiff leaves in dense tufts and yellow flower heads; sometimes placed in genus Haplopappus
Haplopappus phyllocephalus: annual of southern United States and Mexico having bristly leaves and pale yellow flowers
Haplopappus spinulosus: slender perennial of western North America having weakly bristly leaves and yellow flower heads
hard fern: any of several ferns of the genus Blechnum
hare's-foot fern: either of two ferns of the genus Davallia having a soft grey hairy rootstock
haricot: a French variety of green bean plant bearing light-colored beans
harpullia: any of various tree of the genus Harpullia
Harpullia cupanioides: fast-growing tree of India and East Indies yielding a wood used especially for building
hastate leaf: a leaf shaped like a spearhead with flaring pointed lobes at the base
haustorium: a root-like attachment in parasitic plants that penetrates and obtains food from the host
haw: a spring-flowering shrub or small tree of the genus Crataegus
hawk's-beard: any of various plants of the genus Crepis having loose heads of yellow flowers on top of a long branched leafy stem; northern hemisphere
hawkbit: any of various common wildflowers of the genus Leontodon; of temperate Eurasia to Mediterranean regions
hawkweed: any of numerous often hairy plants of the genus Hieracium having yellow or orange flowers that resemble the dandelion
hawkweed: any of various plants of the genus Pilosella
Hazardia cana: western American shrubs having white felted foliage and yellow flowers that become red-purple
hazel: the fine-grained wood of a hazelnut tree (genus Corylus) and the hazel tree (Australian genus Pomaderris)
hazel: any of several shrubs or small trees of the genus Corylus bearing edible nuts enclosed in a leafy husk
hazelwood: reddish-brown wood and lumber from heartwood of the sweet gum tree used to make furniture
heart cherry: any of several cultivated sweet cherries having sweet juicy heart-shaped fruits
heath: a low evergreen shrub of the family Ericaceae; has small bell-shaped pink or purple flowers
hedeoma oil: aromatic oil from American pennyroyal
Hedeoma pulegioides: erect hairy branching American herb having purple-blue flowers; yields an essential oil used as an insect repellent and sometimes in folk medicine
Hedera helix: Old World vine with lobed evergreen leaves and black berrylike fruits
hedgehog cactus: cactus of the genus Echinocactus having stout sharp spines
hedgehog cereus: cactus of the genus Echinocereus
Hedysarum boreale: perennial of western United States having racemes of pink to purple flowers followed by flat pods that separate into nearly orbicular joints
Hedysarum coronarium: perennial of southern Europe cultivated for forage and for its nectar-rich pink flowers that make it an important honey crop
hegari: Sudanese sorghums having white seeds; one variety grown in southwestern United States
Helenium autumnale: North American perennial with bright yellow late summer flowers
Helenium hoopesii: stout perennial herb of western United States having flower heads with drooping orange-yellow rays; causes spewing sickness in sheep
Helenium puberulum: a sneezeweed of southwestern United States especially southern California
Helianthemum canadense: perennial of the eastern United States having early solitary yellow flowers followed by late petalless flowers; so-called because ice crystals form on it during first frosts
Helianthemum scoparium: woody yellow-flowered perennial of southeastern United States
helianthemum: any plant of the genus Helianthemum; vigorous plants of stony alpine meadows and dry scrub regions
Helianthus angustifolius: sunflower of eastern North America having narrow leaves and found in bogs
Helianthus annuus: annual sunflower grown for silage and for its seeds which are a source of oil; common throughout United States and much of North America
Helianthus giganteus: very tall American perennial of central and the eastern United States to Canada having edible tuberous roots
Helianthus laetiflorus: tall rough-leaved perennial with a few large flower heads; central United States
Helianthus maximilianii: tall perennial of central United States to Canada having golden-yellow flowers
Helianthus petiolaris: similar to the common sunflower with slender usually branching stems common in central United States
helianthus: any plant of the genus Helianthus having large flower heads with dark disk florets and showy yellow rays
Helichrysum bracteatum: Australian plant naturalized in Spain having flowers of lemon yellow to deep gold; the frequent choice of those who love dried flowers
Helichrysum secundiflorum: shrub with white woolly branches and woolly leaves having fragrant flowers forming long sprays; flowers suitable for drying; sometimes placed in genus Helichrysum
Helicteres isora: East Indian shrub often cultivated for its hairy leaves and orange-red flowers
heliophila: any of various South African herbs and subshrubs cultivated for long showy racemes of bright blue flowers with white eyes
heliopsis: any North American shrubby perennial herb of the genus Heliopsis having large yellow daisylike flowers
hellebore: any plant of the Eurasian genus Helleborus
helleborine: any of several orchids of the genus Cephalanthera
helleborine: any of various orchids of the genus Epipactis
helleborine: any of several small temperate and tropical orchids having mottled or striped leaves and spikes of small yellowish-white flowers in a twisted raceme
Helleborus foetidus: digitate-leaved hellebore with an offensive odor and irritant qualities when taken internally
Helleborus niger: European evergreen plant with white or purplish rose-like winter-blooming flowers
Helleborus orientalis: slightly hairy perennial having deep green leathery leaves and flowers that are ultimately purplish-green
Helleborus viridis: deciduous plant with large deep green pedate leaves and nodding saucer-shaped green flowers
helmet orchid: any of several orchids of the genus Coryanthes having racemes of a few musky-scented waxy flowers with a helmet-shaped lip process
helmetflower: a herbaceous plant of the genus Scutellaria which has a calyx that, when inverted, resembles a helmet with its visor raised
Helminthostachys zeylanica: Australasian fern with clusters of sporangia on stems of fertile fronds
helvella: any fungus of the genus Helvella having the ascocarps stalked or pleated or often in folds
Helvella acetabulum: a helvella with a cup-shaped fertile body having a brown interior; the stalk is creamy white and heavily ribbed
Helvella crispa: a helvella with a saddle-shaped fertile part and creamy color; the stalk is fluted and pitted
Helvella sulcata: a helvella with an irregularly convoluted cap that is dark brown when young and becomes dull grey with age; the lower surface of the cap is smooth and pale grey; the stalk is thick and deeply fluted
Hemerocallis lilio-asphodelus: a day lily with yellow flowers
hemiepiphyte: a plant that is an epiphyte for part of its life
hemiparasite: a parasitic plant that contains some chlorophyll and therefore is capable of photosynthesis
hemlock: soft coarse splintery wood of a hemlock tree especially the western hemlock
hemlock: an evergreen tree
hepatic: any of numerous small green nonvascular plants of the class Hepaticopsida growing in wet places and resembling green seaweeds or leafy mosses
hepatica: any of several plants of the genus Hepatica having three-lobed leaves and white or pinkish flowers in early spring; of moist and mossy subalpine woodland areas of north temperate regions
Heracleum sphondylium: tall coarse plant having thick stems and cluster of white to purple flowers
herb Christopher: a plant of the genus Actaea having acrid poisonous berries
herb: a plant lacking a permanent woody stem; many are flowering garden plants or potherbs; some having medicinal properties; some are pests
herbage: succulent herbaceous vegetation of pasture land
Heritiera littoralis: small tree of coastal regions of Old World tropics whose leaves are silvery beneath
Heritiera macrophylla: large evergreen tree of India and Burma whose leaves are silvery beneath
Hermannia verticillata: African shrub having decumbent stems and slender yellow honey-scented flowers either solitary or in pairs
Hernaria glabra: common prostrate Old World herb often used as a ground cover; formerly reputed to cure ruptures
heron's bill: any of various plants of the genus Erodium
Hesperis matronalis: long cultivated herb having flowers whose scent is more pronounced in the evening; naturalized throughout Europe to Siberia and into North America
Heteranthera dubia: grassy-leaved North American aquatic plant with yellow star-shaped blossoms
Heteromeles arbutifolia: ornamental evergreen treelike shrub of the Pacific coast of the United States having large white flowers and red berrylike fruits; often placed in genus Photinia
Heterotheca villosa: hairy perennial with yellow flower heads in branched clusters; found almost everywhere in dry places from Canada to west central and western United States; sometimes placed in genus Chrysopsis
Heuchera americana: plant with basal leaves mottled with white and flowers in lax panicles on erect stems
Heuchera cylindrica: plant with leathery heart-shaped leaf blades clustered at base of long stalks with greenish-white flowers clustered along the upper part; western North America
Heuchera sanguinea: perennial plant of the western United States having bright red flowers in feathery spikes; used as an ornamental
Hevea brasiliensis: deciduous tree of the Amazon and Orinoco Rivers having leathery leaves and fragrant yellow-white flowers; it yields a milky juice that is the chief source of commercial rubber
Hexalectris spicata: orchid with yellowish-brown flowers with dark veins; southeastern Arizona to the eastern United States
Hexalectris warnockii: orchid with slender nearly leafless reddish-brown stems with loose racemes of reddish-brown flowers; of open brushy woods of southeastern Arizona and central Texas
hexenbesen: an abnormal tufted growth of small branches on a tree or shrub caused by fungi or insects or other physiological disturbance
hibiscus: any plant of the genus Hibiscus
Hibiscus cannabinus: valuable fiber plant of East Indies now widespread in cultivation
Hibiscus elatus: erect forest tree of Cuba and Jamaica having variably hairy leaves and orange-yellow or orange-red flowers; yields a moderately dense timber for cabinetwork and gunstocks
Hibiscus farragei: southern and western Australian shrub with unlobed or shallowly lobed toothed leaves and purple flowers; sometimes placed in genus Hibiscus
Hibiscus heterophyllus: Australian tree with acid foliage
Hibiscus moscheutos: showy shrub of salt marshes of the eastern United States having large rose-colored flowers
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis: large showy Asiatic shrub or small tree having large single or double red to deep-red flowers
Hibiscus sabdariffa: East Indian sparsely prickly annual herb or perennial subshrub widely cultivated for its fleshy calyxes used in tarts and jelly and for its bast fiber
Hibiscus syriacus: Asiatic shrub or small shrubby tree having showy bell-shaped rose or purple or white flowers and usually three-lobed leaves; widely cultivated in temperate North America and Europe
Hibiscus tiliaceus: shrubby tree widely distributed along tropical shores; yields a light tough wood used for canoe outriggers and a fiber used for cordage and caulk; often cultivated for ornament
Hibiscus trionum: annual weedy herb with ephemeral yellow purple-eyed flowers; Old World tropics; naturalized as a weed in North America
hickory: valuable tough heavy hardwood from various hickory trees
hickory: American hardwood tree bearing edible nuts
Hieracium aurantiacum: European hawkweed having flower heads with bright orange-red rays; a troublesome weed especially as naturalized in northeastern North America; sometimes placed in genus Hieracium
Hieracium praealtum: European hawkweed introduced into northeastern United States; locally troublesome weeds
Hieracium venosum: a hawkweed with a rosette of purple-veined basal leaves; Canada to northern Georgia and Kentucky
hilum: the scar on certain seeds marking its point of attachment to the funicle
Himalaya honeysuckle: shrub honeysuckle with drooping spikes of purplish flowers
Himalayan cedar: tall East Indian cedar having spreading branches with nodding tips; highly valued for its appearance as well as its timber
Himalayan lilac: robust upright shrub of mountains of northern India having oblong-elliptic leaves and pale lilac or white malodorous flowers
Himalayan rhubarb: Asian herb (Himalayas)
Himantoglossum hircinum: an orchid of the genus Himantoglossum
hip: the fruit of a rose plant
Hippeastrum puniceum: amaryllis of tropical America often cultivated as a houseplant for its showy white to red flowers
Hippocrepis comosa: European woody perennial with yellow umbellate flowers followed by flattened pods that separate into horseshoe-shaped joints
hoary pea: a plant of the genus Tephrosia having pinnate leaves and white or purplish flowers and flat hairy pods
Hoheria populnea: small tree or shrub of New Zealand having a profusion of axillary clusters of honey-scented paper-white flowers and whose bark is used for cordage
Holarrhena antidysenterica: tropical Asian tree with hard white wood and bark formerly used as a remedy for dysentery and diarrhea
Holcus lanatus: tall European perennial grass having a velvety stem; naturalized in United States and used for forage
Holcus mollis: European perennial grass with soft velvety foliage
holly: any tree or shrub of the genus Ilex having red berries and shiny evergreen leaves with prickly edges
holly fern: any of various ferns of the genus Polystichum having fronds with texture and gloss like holly
hollyhock: any of various tall plants of the genus Alcea; native to the Middle East but widely naturalized and cultivated for its very large variously colored flowers
holm oak: hard wood of the holm oak tree
holophyte: an organism that produces its own food by photosynthesis
honey gland: a gland (often a protuberance or depression) that secretes nectar
honey plant: a plant that furnishes nectar suitable for making honey
honeysuckle: shrub or vine of the genus Lonicera
hop hornbeam: any of several trees resembling hornbeams with fruiting clusters resembling hops
hop: twining perennials having cordate leaves and flowers arranged in conelike spikes; the dried flowers of this plant are used in brewing to add the characteristic bitter taste to beer
Hordeum jubatum: barley grown for its highly ornamental flower heads with delicate long silky awns; North America and northeastern Asia
Hordeum murinum: European annual grass often found as a weed in waste ground especially along roadsides and hedgerows
Hordeum pusillum: annual barley native to western North America and widespread in southern United States and tropical America
Hordeum vulgare: grass yielding grain used for breakfast food and animal feed and in malt beverages
horehound: any of various aromatic herbs of the genus Marrubium
hornbeam: any of several trees or shrubs of the genus Carpinus
hornwort: liverworts with slender hornlike capsules
hornwort: any aquatic plant of the genus Ceratophyllum; forms submerged masses in ponds and slow-flowing streams
horsehair lichen: any of several lichens of the genus Alectoria having a thallus consisting of filaments resembling hair
horseradish: the root of the horseradish plant; it is grated or ground and used for seasoning
horsetail: perennial rushlike flowerless herbs with jointed hollow stems and narrow toothlike leaves that spread by creeping rhizomes; tend to become weedy; common in northern hemisphere; some in Africa and South America
Hottentot's bread: thick edible rootstock of elephant's-foot
Hottonia palustris: featherfoil of Europe and western Asia having submerged and floating leaves and violet flowers
houseplant: any of a variety of plants grown indoors for decorative purposes
hovea: any of several attractive evergreen shrubs of Australia grown for their glossy deep green foliage and flowers in rich blues and intense violets
hoya: any plant of the genus Hoya having fleshy leaves and usually nectariferous flowers
Hoya carnosa: succulent climber of southern Asia with umbels of pink and white star-shaped flowers
huckleberry: any of various dark-fruited as distinguished from blue-fruited blueberries
huckleberry: any of several shrubs of the genus Gaylussacia bearing small berries resembling blueberries
Hudsonia ericoides: North American decumbent evergreen heathlike plant with yellow flowers
Hudsonia tomentosa: small heathlike plant covered with white down growing on beaches in northeastern North America
hull: persistent enlarged calyx at base of e.g. a strawberry or raspberry
hull: dry outer covering of a fruit or seed or nut
Hulsea algida: low tufted plant having hairy stems each topped by a flower head with short narrow yellow rays; northwestern United States
Hulsea nana: similar to but smaller than alpine hulsea
Humulus americanus: native American plant sometimes confused with the European hop
Humulus japonicus: ornamental vine native to eastern Asia; cultivated for its variegated foliage
Humulus lupulus: European twining plant whose flowers are used chiefly to flavor malt liquors; cultivated in America
Hungarian grass: coarse drought-resistant annual grass grown for grain, hay, and forage in Europe and Asia and chiefly for forage and hay in United States
Hunnemania fumariifolia: native of Mexican highlands grown for its glossy clear yellow flowers and blue-grey finely dissected foliage
Huntingdon willow: large willow tree of Eurasia and North Africa having greyish canescent leaves and grey bark
husk: outer membranous covering of some fruits or seeds
hyacinth: any of numerous bulbous perennial herbs
Hyacinthoides nonscripta: sometimes placed in genus Scilla
Hyacinthus candicans: southern African herb with white bell-shaped flowers
Hyacinthus orientalis: widely grown for its fragrance and its white, pink, blue, or purplish flowers
Hyacinthus orientalis albulus: hyacinth with loosely flowered spikes, several growing from one bulb
hydathode: a pore that exudes water on the surface or margin of a leaf of higher plants
Hydnocarpus laurifolia: leathery-leaved tree of western India bearing round fruits with brown densely hairy rind enclosing oily pulp that yields hydnocarpus oil
hydnocarpus oil: oil from seeds of trees of the genus Hydnocarpus especially Hydnocarpus wightiana (Hydnocarpus laurifolia)
hydrangea: any of various deciduous or evergreen shrubs of the genus Hydrangea
Hydrangea anomala: deciduous climber with aerial roots having white to creamy flowers in fairly flat heads
Hydrangea arborescens: deciduous shrub with creamy white flower clusters; eastern United States
Hydrangea macrophylla hortensis: deciduous shrub bearing roundheaded flower clusters opening green and aging to pink or blue
Hydrangea paniculata: deciduous shrub or small tree with pyramidal flower clusters
Hydrangea petiolaris: deciduous climber with aerial roots having large flat flower heads
Hydrastis Canadensis: perennial herb of northeastern United States having a thick knotted yellow rootstock and large rounded leaves
Hydrilla verticillata: submersed plant with whorled lanceolate leaves and solitary axillary flowers; Old World plant naturalized in southern United States and clogging Florida's waterways
Hydrocharis morsus-ranae: European floating plant with roundish heart-shaped leaves and white flowers
Hydrophyllum virginianum: showy perennial herb with white flowers; leaves sometimes used as edible greens in southeastern United States
Hygrocybe acutoconica: a fungus having an acutely conic cap and dry stalks
Hygrophorus borealis: a fungus with a white convex cap and arcuate white gills and a stalk that tapers toward the base
Hygrophorus caeruleus: a fungus with a broadly convex cap that is cream color with a tint of blue over the margin; waxy gills are bluish green to blue-grey; a short stalk tapers abruptly at the base
Hygrophorus inocybiformis: a fungus with a drab squamulose cap and grey-brown squamules over the white background of the stalk and waxy grey-white gills
Hygrophorus kauffmanii: a fungus with a slightly viscid cap; cap and gills are reddish brown and the stalk is grey
Hygrophorus marzuolus: a grey fungus frequently found near melting snow banks
Hygrophorus purpurascens: a fungus with a viscid purplish red cap and stalk; found under spruce and other conifers
Hygrophorus russula: an edible fungus with a reddish cap and close pale gills and dry stalk; found under hardwoods
Hygrophorus sordidus: an edible fungus with a large white cap and a dry stalk and white gills
Hygrophorus tennesseensis: a fungus having a brownish sticky cap with a white margin and white gills and an odor of raw potatoes
Hygrophorus turundus: a small fungus with orange cap and yellow gills found in sphagnum bogs
hygrophyte: a plant that grows in a moist habitat
Hygrotrama foetens: a small grey-brown fungus with an unpleasant odor of mothballs
Hymenaea courbaril: West Indian locust tree having pinnate leaves and panicles of large white or purplish flowers; yields very hard tough wood
hymenium: spore-bearing layer of cells in certain fungi containing asci or basidia
Hyoscyamus muticus: poisonous herb whose leaves are a source of hyoscyamine
Hyoscyamus niger: poisonous fetid Old World herb having sticky hairy leaves and yellow-brown flowers; yields hyoscyamine and scopolamine
Hypericum androsaemum: deciduous bushy Eurasian shrub with golden yellow flowers and reddish-purple fruits from which a soothing salve is made in Spain
Hypericum crux andrae: shrubby plant having yellow to apricot flowers with four petals arranged in a cross; southeastern United States: New York to Texas
Hypericum gentianoides: annual wiry-stemmed North American weed with minute scalelike leaves and small yellow flowers
Hypericum hypericoides: low shrubby plant having yellow flowers with four petals arranged in a cross; Bermuda and southeastern United States to West Indies and eastern Mexico
Hypericum perforatum: yellow-flowered perennial common in fields and waste places but a weed in rangelands
Hypericum pyramidatum: perennial shrub having large star-shaped yellow flowers in narrowly pyramidal cymes
Hypericum tetrapterum: European perennial St John's wort; Ireland and France to western Siberia
Hypericum virginianum: perennial marsh herb with pink to mauve flowers; southeastern United States
hypha: any of the threadlike filaments forming the mycelium of a fungus
hypobasidium: special cell constituting the base of the basidium in various fungi especially of the order Tremellales
Hypochaeris radicata: European weed widely naturalized in North America having yellow flower heads and leaves resembling a cat's ears
hyssop oil: used chiefly in liqueurs
Hyssopus officinalis: a European mint with aromatic and pungent leaves used in perfumery and as a seasoning in cookery; often cultivated as a remedy for bruises; yields hyssop oil
Idesia polycarpa: deciduous roundheaded Asiatic tree widely grown in mild climates as an ornamental for its heart-shaped leaves and fragrant yellow-green flowers followed by hanging clusters of fleshy orange-red berries
ilang-ilang: oil distilled from flowers of the ilang-ilang tree; used in perfumery
Ilex decidua: deciduous shrub of southeastern and central United States
Ilex glabra: evergreen holly of eastern North America with oblong leathery leaves and small black berries
Ilex paraguariensis: South American holly; leaves used in making a drink like tea
Iliamna acerifolia: perennial of northwestern United States and western Canada resembling a hollyhock and having white or pink flowers
Illecebrum verticullatum: glabrous annual with slender taproot and clusters of white flowers; western Europe especially western Mediterranean and Atlantic coastal areas
Illicium anisatum: small shrubby tree of Japan and Taiwan; flowers are not fragrant
Illicium floridanum: small shrubby tree with purple flowers; found in wet soils of southeastern United States
Illicium verum: small tree of China and Vietnam bearing anise-scented star-shaped fruit used in food and medicinally as a carminative
Impatiens capensis: North American annual plant with usually yellow or orange flowers; grows chiefly on wet rather acid soil
imperial Japanese morning glory: hybrid from Ipomoea nil
incense cedar: any of several attractive trees of southwestern South America and New Zealand and New Caledonia having glossy evergreen leaves and scented wood
incense tree: any of various tropical trees of the family Burseraceae yielding fragrant gums or resins that are burned as incense
incense wood: fragrant wood of two incense trees of the genus Protium
India-rubber plant: large tropical Asian tree frequently dwarfed as a houseplant; source of Assam rubber
Indian bean: tree of the genus Catalpa with large leaves and white flowers followed by long slender pods
Indian chocolate: erect perennial of north temperate zone having pinnate leaves and a few nodding flowers with a brown-purple calyx and orange and pink petals
Indian corn: tall annual cereal grass bearing kernels on large ears: widely cultivated in America in many varieties; the principal cereal in Mexico and Central and South America since pre-Columbian times
Indian crocus: any of several dwarf orchids of the genus Pleione bearing one or two solitary white or pink to magenta or occasionally yellow flowers with slender stalks
Indian lettuce: a plant of the genus Montia having edible pleasant-tasting leaves
Indian mallow: tropical American weed having pale yellow or orange flowers naturalized in southern United States
Indian paintbrush: any of various plants of the genus Castilleja having dense spikes of hooded flowers with brightly colored bracts
Indian plantain: any of various plants of the genus Cacalia having leaves resembling those of plantain
Indigofera suffruticosa: shrub of West Indies and South America that is a source of indigo dye
Indigofera tinctoria: deciduous subshrub of southeastern Asia having pinnate leaves and clusters of red or purple flowers; a source of indigo dye
indusium: a membrane enclosing and protecting the developing spores especially that covering the sori of a fern
inflorescence: the flowering part of a plant or arrangement of flowers on a stalk
inga: any tree or shrub of the genus Inga having pinnate leaves and showy usually white flowers; cultivated as ornamentals
Inga edulis: ornamental evergreen tree with masses of white flowers; tropical and subtropical America
Inga laurina: tropical tree of Central America and West Indies and Puerto Rico having spikes of white flowers; used as shade for coffee plantations
internode: a segment of a stem between two nodes
inula: any plant of the genus Inula
Inula helenium: tall coarse Eurasian herb having daisylike yellow flowers with narrow petals whose rhizomatous roots are used medicinally
involucre: a highly conspicuous bract or bract pair or ring of bracts at the base of an inflorescence
Iowa crab apple: wild crab apple of western United States with fragrant pink flowers
Ipomoea alba: pantropical climber having white fragrant nocturnal flowers
Ipomoea batatas: pantropical vine widely cultivated in several varieties for its large sweet tuberous root with orange flesh
Ipomoea coccinea: annual herb having scarlet flowers; the eastern United States
Ipomoea fastigiata: tropical American prostrate or climbing herbaceous perennial having an enormous starchy root; sometimes held to be source of the sweet potato
Ipomoea leptophylla: a morning glory with long roots of western United States
Ipomoea orizabensis: tropical American morning glory
Ipomoea pes-caprae: a prostrate perennial of coastal sand dunes Florida to Texas
Ipomoea purpurea: pantropical annual climbing herb with funnel-shaped blue, purple, pink or white flowers
Ipomoea quamoclit: tropical American annual climber having red (sometimes white) flowers and finely dissected leaves; naturalized in United States and elsewhere
Ipomoea tricolor: annual or perennial climbing herb of Central America having sky-blue flowers; most commonly cultivated morning glory
Iresine reticulata: South American plant having green to purple or red branches with green to purple ornamental foliage and spikes of insignificant woolly flowers with dry membranous bracts
iridaceous plant: any bulbous plant of the family Iridaceae
Iris cristata: low-growing summer-flowering iris of northeastern United States
Iris filifolia: bulbous Spanish iris with red-violet flowers
Iris foetidissima: iris with purple flowers and foul-smelling leaves; southern and western Europe and North Africa
Iris germanica: a large iris with purple or white flowers, native to central and southern Europe
Iris germanica florentina: German iris having large white flowers with lavender-tinged falls and a fragrant rhizome
Iris kaempferi: iris native to Japan having large showy flowers
Iris kochii: iris of northern Italy having deep blue-purple flowers; similar to but smaller than Iris germanica
Iris pseudacorus: common yellow-flowered iris of Europe and North Africa, naturalized in United States and often cultivated
Iris tingitana: bulbous Spanish iris having blue flowers
Iris verna: low-growing spring-flowering American iris with bright blue-lilac flowers
Iris versicolor: a common iris of the eastern United States having blue or blue-violet flowers; root formerly used medicinally
Iris virginica: similar to blue flag; the eastern United States
Iris xiphioides: bulbous iris native to the Pyrenees; widely cultivated for its large delicate flowers in various colors except yellow
Irish strawberry: small evergreen European shrubby tree bearing many-seeded scarlet berries that are edible but bland; of Ireland, southern Europe, Asia Minor
iron tree: a small slow-growing deciduous tree of northern Iran having a low domed shape
ironweed: any of various plants of the genus Vernonia of tropical and warm regions of especially North America that take their name from their loose heads of purple to rose flowers that quickly take on a rusty hue
ironwood: exceptionally tough or hard wood of any of a number of ironwood trees
Irvingia gabonensis: African tree with edible yellow fruit resembling mangos; valued for its oil-rich seed and hardy green wood that resists termites
Isatis tinctoria: European biennial formerly grown for the blue coloring matter yielded by its leaves
Isopyrum biternatum: slender erect perennial of eastern North America having tuberous roots and pink-tinged white flowers; resembles meadow rue
Italian vegetable marrow: squash plant having dark green fruit with skin mottled with light green or yellow
Iva xanthifolia: tall annual marsh elder common in moist rich soil in central North America that can cause contact dermatitis; produces much pollen that is a major cause of hay fever
iva: any of various coarse shrubby plants of the genus Iva with small greenish flowers; common in moist areas (as coastal salt marshes) of eastern and central North America
Jacob's rod: asphodel having erect smooth unbranched stem either flexuous or straight
Jacquinia armillaris: small West Indian shrub or tree with hard glossy seeds patterned yellow and brown that are used to make bracelets
Jacquinia keyensis: West Indian shrub or small tree having leathery saponaceous leaves and extremely hard wood
Jafnea semitosta: the fruiting bodies of this discomycete have a firm texture and long retain their cup shape; the pale brown interior blends with the color of dead leaves
Jamaica bayberry: West Indian tree; source of bay rum
Jamaica quassia: similar to the extract from Quassia amara
Japanese andromeda: broad-leaved evergreen Asiatic shrub with glossy leaves and drooping clusters of white flowers
Japanese angelica tree: deciduous clump-forming Asian shrub or small tree; adventive in the eastern United States
Japanese apricot: Japanese ornamental tree with fragrant white or pink blossoms and small yellow fruits
Japanese banana: Asiatic banana plant cultivated especially as a foliage plant in Japan
Japanese barnyard millet: coarse annual grass cultivated in Japan and southeastern Asia for its edible seeds and for forage; important wildlife food in United States
Japanese beech: a beech native to Japan having soft light yellowish-brown wood
Japanese black pine: large Japanese ornamental having long needles in bunches of 2; widely planted in United States because of its resistance to salt and smog
Japanese carpet grass: lawn grass common in the Philippines; grown also in United States
Japanese chestnut: a spreading tree of Japan that has a short trunk
Japanese flowering cherry: ornamental tree with inedible fruits widely cultivated in many varieties for its white blossoms
Japanese flowering cherry: ornamental tree with inedible fruit widely cultivated in many varieties for its pink blossoms
Japanese honeysuckle: an Asiatic trailing evergreen honeysuckle with half-evergreen leaves and fragrant white flowers turning yellow with age; has become a weed in some areas
Japanese lawn grass: lawn grass common in China and Japan; grown also in United States
Japanese linden: medium-sized tree of Japan used as an ornamental
Japanese maple: leaves deeply incised and bright red in autumn; Japan
Japanese maple: ornamental shrub or small tree of Japan and Korea with deeply incised leaves; cultivated in many varieties
Japanese morning glory: annual Old World tropical climbing herb distinguished by wide color range and frilled or double flowers
Japanese persimmon: small deciduous Asiatic tree bearing large red or orange edible astringent fruit
Japanese snowbell: shrubby tree of China and Japan
Japanese table pine: pine native to Japan and Korea having a wide-spreading irregular crown when mature; grown as an ornamental
Japanese varnish tree: deciduous tree widely grown in southern United States as an ornamental for its handsome maplelike foliage and long racemes of yellow-green flowers followed by curious leaflike pods
jasmine: any of several shrubs and vines of the genus Jasminum chiefly native to Asia
Jasminum mesnyi: evergreen rambling yellow-flowered shrub of western China
Jasminum nudiflorum: deciduous rambling shrub widely cultivated for its winter-blooming yellow flowers
Jasminum officinale: a climbing deciduous shrub with fragrant white or yellow or red flowers used in perfume and to flavor tea
Jasminum sambac: East Indian evergreen vine cultivated for its profuse fragrant white flowers
Jatropha curcus: small tropical American tree yielding purple dye and a tanning extract and bearing physic nuts containing a purgative oil that is poisonous in large quantities
Jatropha stimulosus: a stinging herb of tropical America
Jeffrey's pine: tall symmetrical pine of western North America having long blue-green needles in bunches of 3 and elongated cones on spreading somewhat pendulous branches; sometimes classified as a variety of ponderosa pine
jelly fungus: any fungus of the order Tremellales or Auriculariales whose fruiting body is jellylike in consistency when fresh
Jersey knapweed: a variety of knapweed
Jerusalem artichoke: edible tuber of the Jerusalem artichoke
Jerusalem artichoke sunflower: tall perennial with hairy stems and leaves; widely cultivated for its large irregular edible tubers
Jerusalem thorn: East Indian spiny tree having twice-pinnate leaves and yellow flowers followed by flat pods; source of black catechu
Jerusalem thorn: spiny tree having dark red edible fruits
jewel orchid: any of several delicate Asiatic orchids grown especially for their velvety leaves with metallic white or gold veining
Job's tears: hard pearly seeds of an Asiatic grass; often used as beads
Johnny-jump-up: common violet of the eastern United States with large pale blue or purple flowers resembling pansies
jonquil: often used colloquially for any yellow daffodil
jordan almond: variety of large almond from Malaga, Spain; used in confectionery
Juglans cinerea: North American walnut tree having light-brown wood and edible nuts; source of a light-brown dye
Juglans nigra: North American walnut tree with hard dark wood and edible nut
Juncus articulatus: rush of Australia
Juncus bufonius: low-growing annual rush of damp low-lying ground; nearly cosmopolitan
Juncus effusus: tall rush with soft erect or arching stems found in Eurasia, Australia, New Zealand, and common in North America
Juncus inflexus: tall rush of temperate regions
Juncus leseurii: rush of the Pacific coast of North America
Juncus tenuis: tufted wiry rush of wide distribution
Juneberry: any of various North American trees or shrubs having showy white flowers and edible blue-black or purplish fruit
juneberry holly: a holly shrub
juniper: coniferous shrub or small tree with berrylike cones
juniper berry: berrylike fruit of a plant of the genus Juniperus especially the berrylike cone of the common juniper
Juniperus bermudiana: ornamental densely pyramidal juniper of Bermuda; fairly large for a juniper
Juniperus communis: densely branching shrub or small tree having pungent blue berries used to flavor gin; widespread in northern hemisphere; only conifer on coasts of Iceland and Greenland
Juniperus communis depressa: a procumbent variety of the common juniper
Juniperus flaccida: small tree of western Texas and mountains of Mexico having spreading branches with drooping branchlets
Juniperus horizontalis: low to prostrate shrub of Canada and northern United States; bronzed purple in winter
Juniperus sabina: procumbent or spreading juniper
Juniperus silicicola: juniper of swampy coastal regions of southeastern United States; similar to eastern red cedar
Juniperus virginiana: small juniper found east of Rocky Mountains having a conic crown, brown bark that peels in shreds, and small sharp needles
kalmia: any plant of the genus Kalmia
Kalmia angustifolia: North American dwarf shrub resembling mountain laurel but having narrower leaves and small red flowers; poisonous to young stock
Kalmia latifolia: a North American evergreen shrub having glossy leaves and white or rose-colored flowers
Kalmia polifolia: laurel of bogs of northwestern United States having small purple flowers and pale leaves that are glaucous beneath
kaoliang: sorghums of China and Manchuria having small white or brown grains (used for food) and dry pithy stalks (used for fodder, fuel and thatching)
katharobe: an organism that lives in an oxygenated medium lacking organic matter
kauri: white close-grained wood of a tree of the genus Agathis especially Agathis australis
Kennedia coccinea: prostrate or twining woody vine with small leathery leaves and umbels of red flowers; Australia and Tasmania
Kennedia prostrata: hairy trailing or prostrate western Australian vine with bright scarlet-pink flowers
Kentucky bluegrass: valuable meadow and pasture grass in Europe and especially central United States having tall stalks and slender bright green leaves; a chief constituent in lawn grass mixtures
Kentucky coffee tree: handsome tree of central and eastern North America having large bipinnate leaves and green-white flowers followed by large woody brown pods whose seeds are used as a coffee substitute
kernel: a single whole grain of a cereal
kernel: the inner and usually edible part of a seed or grain or nut or fruit stone
keteleeria: Asiatic conifers resembling firs
key: a winged often one-seed indehiscent fruit as of the ash or elm or maple
Kiggelaria africana: large much-branched shrub grown primarily for its evergreen foliage
kingdom Fungi: the taxonomic kingdom including yeast, molds, smuts, mushrooms, and toadstools; distinct from the green plants
kingdom Plantae: (botany) the taxonomic kingdom comprising all living or extinct plants
kingwood: handsome violet-streaked wood of the kingwood tree; used especially in cabinetwork
Kirkia wilmsii: small African deciduous tree with spreading crown having leaves clustered toward ends of branches and clusters of creamy flowers resembling lilacs
kitten-tails: a plant of the genus Besseya having fluffy spikes of flowers
knapweed: any of various plants of the genus Centaurea having purple thistlelike flowers
Kniphofia praecox: widely cultivated hybrid poker plant
Kniphofia uvaria: clump-forming plant of South Africa with spikes of scarlet flowers
knotty pine: pine lumber with many knots; used especially for paneling and furniture
Kochia scoparia: densely branched Eurasian plant; foliage turns purple-red in autumn
kohleria: shrubby herb cultivated for their soft velvety foliage and showy scarlet flowers
Kolkwitzia amabilis: Chinese deciduous shrub with yellow-throated pinkish flowers and bristly fruit; often cultivated as an ornamental
Korean velvet grass: Asiatic creeping perennial grass; introduced in southern United States as a drought-resistant lawn grass
Kosteletzya virginica: subshrub of southeastern United States to New York
krigia: any small branched yellow-flowered North American herb of the genus Krigia
Krigia dandelion: small yellow-flowered herb resembling dandelions of central and southeastern United States
labdanum: a soft blackish-brown resinous exudate from various rockroses used in perfumes especially as a fixative
Lablab purpureus: perennial twining vine of Old World tropics having trifoliate leaves and racemes of fragrant purple pea-like flowers followed by maroon pods of edible seeds; grown as an ornamental and as a vegetable on the Indian subcontinent; sometimes placed in genus Dolichos
Laburnum anagyroides: an ornamental shrub or tree of the genus Laburnum; often cultivated for Easter decorations
Laccopetalum giganteum: spectacular perennial native of wet montane grasslands of Peru; formerly included in genus Ranunculus
lacewood: variably colored and sometimes variegated hard tough elastic wood of a sycamore tree
Lactarius delicioso: edible mushroom
Lactuca sativa: annual or perennial garden plant having succulent leaves used in salads; widely grown
Lactuca sativa asparagina: lettuce valued especially for its edible stems
Lactuca sativa capitata: distinguished by leaves arranged in a dense rosette that develop into a compact ball
Lactuca sativa crispa: distinguished by leaves having curled or incised leaves forming a loose rosette that does not develop into a compact head
Lactuca sativa longifolia: lettuce with long dark-green spoon-shaped leaves
Lactuca serriola: European annual wild lettuce having prickly stems; a troublesome weed in parts of United States
ladies' slipper: any of several chiefly American wildflowers having an inflated pouchlike lip; difficult or impossible to cultivate in the garden
ladies' tresses: an orchid of the genus Spiranthes having slender often twisted spikes of white flowers
lady palm: any of several small palms of the genus Rhapis; cultivated as houseplants
laelia: any of various spectacular plants of the genus Laelia having showy flowers in many colors
Lagarostrobus colensoi: timber tree of New Zealand having shiny white wood
Lagarostrobus franklinii: Tasmanian timber tree with yellow aromatic wavy-grained wood used for carving and ship building; sometimes placed in genus Dacrydium
Lagenaria siceraria: Old World climbing plant with hard-shelled bottle-shaped gourds as fruits
Lagerstroemia indica: ornamental shrub from eastern India commonly planted in the southern United States
Lagerstroemia speciosa: native to Asia, Australia, and East Indies, where it provides timber called pyinma; used elsewhere as an ornamental for its large showy flowers
Laguncularia racemosa: shrub to moderately large tree that grows in brackish water along the seacoasts of western Africa and tropical America; locally important as a source of tannin
Lalthyrus tingitanus: North African annual resembling the sweet pea having showy but odorless flowers
Lambertia formosa: erect bushy shrub of eastern Australia having terminal clusters of red flowers yielding much nectar
lamellate placentation: with ovules on thin extensions of the placentae into a compound ovary
Lamium album: European dead nettle with white flowers
Lamium amplexicaule: Eurasian plant having toothed leaves and small two-lipped white or purplish-red flowers
lanceolate leaf: a leaf shaped like a lance head; tapering to a point at each end
lancewood: durable straight-grained wood of the lacewood tree; used for building and cabinetwork and tools
Lansium domesticum: East Indian tree bearing an edible yellow berry
lantana: a flowering shrub
Laportea canadensis: American perennial herb found in rich woods and provided with stinging hairs; provides fibers used for textiles
larch: wood of a larch tree
larch: any of numerous conifers of the genus Larix all having deciduous needlelike leaves
largeleaf holly: a holly tree
Larix laricina: medium-sized larch of Canada and northern United States including Alaska having a broad conic crown and rust-brown scaly bark
Larix lyallii: medium-sized larch of the Rocky Mountains; closely related to Larix occidentalis
Larix occidentalis: tall larch of western North America have pale green sharply pointed leaves and oblong cones; an important timber tree
Larix siberica: medium-sized larch of northeastern Russia and Siberia having narrowly conic crown and soft narrow bright-green leaves; used in cultivation
larkspur: any of numerous cultivated plants of the genus Delphinium
Larrea tridentata: desert shrub of southwestern United States and New Mexico having persistent resinous aromatic foliage and small yellow flowers
Lasthenia chrysostoma: small slender woolly annual with very narrow opposite leaves and branches bearing solitary golden-yellow flower heads; southwestern Oregon to Baja California and Arizona; often cultivated
latanier: fan palms of the southern United States and the Caribbean region
late purple aster: a variety of aster
Lathyrus hirsutus: a weak-stemmed winter annual native to Mediterranean region for long established in southern United States; cultivated as a cover and pasture crop
Lathyrus latifolius: perennial climber of central and southern Europe having purple or pink or white flowers; naturalized in North America
Lathyrus maritimus: wild pea of seashores of north temperate zone having tough roots and purple flowers and useful as a sand binder
Lathyrus niger: perennial of Europe and North Africa; foliage turns black in drying
Lathyrus nissolia: annual European vetch with red flowers
Lathyrus odoratus: climbing garden plant having fragrant pastel-colored flowers
Lathyrus palustris: scrambling perennial of damp or marshy areas of Eurasia and North America with purplish flowers
Lathyrus pratensis: scrambling perennial Eurasian wild pea having yellowish flowers and compressed seed pods; cultivated for forage
Lathyrus sativus: European annual grown for forage; seeds used for food in India and for stock elsewhere
Lathyrus sylvestris: European perennial with mottled flowers of purple and pink; sometimes cultivated for fodder or as green manure
Lathyrus tuberosus: European herb bearing small tubers used for food and in Scotland to flavor whiskey
Lathyrus vernus: bushy European perennial having nodding racemose violet-blue flowers
laticifer: a plant duct containing latex
laurel: any of various aromatic trees of the laurel family
Laurus nobilis: small Mediterranean evergreen tree with small blackish berries and glossy aromatic leaves used for flavoring in cooking; also used by ancient Greeks to crown victors
Lavandula angustifolia: aromatic Mediterranean shrub widely cultivated for its lilac flowers which are dried and used in sachets
Lavandula latifolia: Mediterranean plant with pale purple flowers that yields spike lavender oil
Lavandula stoechas: shrubby greyish lavender of southwestern Europe having usually reddish-purple flowers
Lavatera arborea: arborescent perennial shrub having palmately lobed furry leaves and showy red-purple flowers; southwestern United States
lavender: any of various Old World aromatic shrubs or subshrubs with usually mauve or blue flowers; widely cultivated
Layia platyglossa: California annual having flower heads with yellow rays tipped with white
leaf bud: a bud from which leaves (but not flowers) develop
leaf node: (botany) the small swelling that is the part of a plant stem from which one or more leaves emerge
leaflet: part of a compound leaf
leafstalk: the slender stem that supports the blade of a leaf
leafy liverwort: moss-like liverwort with tiny scalelike leaves; usually epiphytic
lecanopteris: any of several bizarre ferns of the genus Lecanopteris having swollen hollow rhizomes that provide homes for symbiotic ants
lecanora: any lichen of the genus Lecanora; some used in dyeing; some used for food
Leccinum fibrillosum: an edible fungus with a dark reddish brown cap and a wide light tan stalk that expands toward the base
Ledum groenlandicum: evergreen shrub of eastern North America having white or creamy bell-shaped flowers and dark green hairy leaves used for tea during American Revolution
Ledum palustre: bog shrub of northern and central Europe and eastern Siberia to Korea and Japan
legume: the fruit or seed of any of various bean or pea plants consisting of a case that splits along both sides when ripe and having the seeds attach to one side of the case
legume: an erect or climbing bean or pea plant of the family Leguminosae
Leiophyllum buxifolium: low-growing evergreen shrub of New Jersey to Florida grown for its many white star-shaped flowers and glossy foliage
Leitneria floridana: very small deciduous dioecious tree or shrub of damp habitats in southeastern United States having extremely light wood
Lemaireocereus chichipe: tall treelike Mexican cactus with edible red fruit
Lemna minor: of temperate regions except eastern Asia and Australia
Lemna trisulca: cosmopolitan in temperate regions except North America
lemon grass: a tropical grass native to India and Sri Lanka
lemonwood: hard tough elastic wood of the lemonwood tree; used for making bows and fishing rods
Lens culinaris: widely cultivated Eurasian annual herb grown for its edible flattened seeds that are cooked like peas and also ground into meal and for its leafy stalks that are used as fodder
lenticel: one of many raised pores on the stems of woody plants that allow the interchange of gas between the atmosphere and the interior tissue
lentil: the fruit or seed of a lentil plant
Lentinus lepideus: a fungus with a scaly cap and white flesh and a ring on the stalk (with scales below the ring); odor reminiscent of licorice
Leonotis leonurus: relatively nontoxic South African herb smoked like tobacco
Leonotis nepetaefolia: pantropical herb having whorls of striking lipped flowers; naturalized in United States
Leontodon autumnalis: fall-blooming European herb with a yellow flower; naturalized in the United States
Leontopodium alpinum: alpine perennial plant native to Europe having leaves covered with whitish down and small flower heads held in stars of glistening whitish bracts
Leonurus cardiaca: bitter Old World herb of hedgerows and woodland margins having toothed leaves and white or pale pink flowers
leopard plant: any of various plants of temperate Eurasia; grown for their yellow flowers and handsome foliage
leopardbane: any of several herbs of the genus Doronicum having alternate often clasping stem leaves cultivated for their long stalks of yellow flower heads
Leotia lubrica: a discomycete that develops in clusters of slippery rubbery gelatinous fruiting bodies that are dingy yellow to tan in color
Lepechinia calycina: California plant with woolly stems and leaves and large white flowers
Lepidium sativum: annual herb used as salad green and garnish
lepidobotrys: African tree often classified in other families; similar to the Costa Rican caracolito in wood structure as well as in fruit and flowers and leaves and seeds
Lepidothamnus fonkii: about the hardiest Podocarpaceae species; prostrate spreading shrub similar to mountain rimu; mountains of southern Chile
Lepidothamnus laxifolius: low-growing to prostrate shrub with slender trailing branches; New Zealand
lepiota: any fungus of the genus Lepiota
Lepiota americana: an agaric with a pallid cap and a stalk that is enlarged near the base
Lepiota cepaestipes: a white agaric that tends to cluster and has a club-shaped base
Lepiota clypeolaria: an agaric with a ragged stalk and a soft floccose cap
Lepiota morgani: an agaric regarded as poisonous
Lepiota naucina: an agaric with greyish white fruiting body and gills that change from pink to dingy red
Lepiota procera: edible long-stalked mushroom with white flesh and gills and spores; found in open woodlands in autumn
Lepiota rhacodes: an agaric with a large cap with brown scales and a thick stalk
Lepiota rubrotincta: an agaric with a relatively small pink to red cap and white gills and stalk
Leptarrhena pyrolifolia: plant with basal leathery elliptic leaves and erect leafless flower stalks each bearing a dense roundish cluster of tiny white flowers; moist places of northwestern North America to Oregon and Idaho
leptosporangium: a sporangium formed from a single epidermal cell; characteristic of the Filicales or of almost all modern ferns
Lespedeza bicolor: Asian shrub having conspicuous racemose rose-purple flowers widely used as an ornamental and in erosion control and as a source of feed for wild birds
Lespedeza sericea: perennial widely planted as for forage and as hay crop especially on poor land
Lespedeza stipulacea: annual native to Korea but widely cultivated for forage and hay in hot dry regions
Lespedeza striata: an annual of tropical Asia naturalized in United States
lettuce: any of various plants of the genus Lactuca
Leucadendron argenteum: small South African tree with long silvery silky foliage
Leucaena leucocephala: low scrubby tree of tropical and subtropical North America having white flowers tinged with yellow resembling mimosa and long flattened pods
Leucogenes leontopodium: perennial herb closely resembling European edelweiss; New Zealand
leucothoe: any plant of the genus Leucothoe; grown for their beautiful white flowers; glossy foliage contains a poisonous substance similar to that found in genus Kalmia
Leucothoe fontanesiana: fast-growing evergreen shrub of southeastern United States having arching interlaced branches and racemes of white flowers
Leucothoe racemosa: bushy deciduous shrub of the eastern United States with long racemes of pinkish flowers
Levisticum officinale: herb native to southern Europe; cultivated for its edible stalks and foliage and seeds
Lewisia cotyledon: evergreen perennial having a dense basal rosette of long spatula-shaped leaves and panicles of pink or white-and-red-striped or pink-purple flowers; found on cliffs and in rock crevices in mountains of southwestern Oregon and northern California
Lewisia rediviva: showy succulent ground-hugging plant of Rocky Mountains regions having deep to pale pink flowers and fleshy farinaceous roots; the Montana state flower
Leymus condensatus: stout perennial grass of western North America
liana: a woody climbing usually tropical plant
Liatris punctata: herb with many stems bearing narrow slender wands of crowded rose-lavender flowers; central United States and Canada to Texas and northern Mexico
Liatris pycnostachya: perennial of southeastern and central United States having very dense spikes of purple flowers; often cultivated for cut flowers
Liberian coffee: small tree of West Africa
Libocedrus bidwillii: evergreen tree of New Zealand resembling the kawaka
Libocedrus decurrens: tall tree of the Pacific coast of North America having foliage like cypress and cinnamon-red bark
Libocedrus plumosa: New Zealand timber tree resembling the cypress
lichen: any thallophytic plant of the division Lichenes; occur as crusty patches or bushy growths on tree trunks or rocks or bare ground etc.
licorice root: root of licorice used in flavoring e.g. candy and liqueurs and medicines
ligneous plant: a plant having hard lignified tissues or woody parts especially stems
lignosae: a category in some early taxonomies
lignum: woody tissue
ligule: (botany) any appendage to a plant that is shaped like a strap
Ligustrum amurense: eastern Asian shrub cultivated especially for its persistent foliage
Ligustrum ibolium: fast-growing and tightly branched hybrid of Ligustrum ovalifolium and Ligustrum obtusifolium
Ligustrum japonicum: evergreen shrub of Japan and Korea having small dark leaves and flowers in loose panicles; related to but smaller than Chinese privet
Ligustrum lucidum: erect evergreen treelike shrub of China and Korea and Japan having acuminate leaves and flowers in long erect panicles; resembles Japanese privet
Ligustrum obtusifolium: small deciduous shrub having graceful arching branches and luxuriant foliage
Ligustrum ovalifolium: semi-evergreen Japanese shrub having malodorous flowers; used extensively for hedges because more likely to stay green that common privet
Ligustrum vulgare: deciduous semi-evergreen shrub used for hedges
lilac: any of various plants of the genus Syringa having large panicles of usually fragrant flowers
liliaceous plant: plant growing from a bulb or corm or rhizome or tuber
liliid monocot family: family of monocotyledonous plants of the subclass Liliidae; mostly herbs usually with petaloid sepals and petals and compound pistils
liliid monocot genus: genus of monocotyledonous plants comprising mostly herbs having usually petaloid sepals and petals and compound pistils
liliopsid family: family of flowering plants having a single cotyledon (embryonic leaf) in the seed
liliopsid genus: genus of flowering plants having a single cotyledon (embryonic leaf) in the seed
Lilium auratum: Japanese lily with golden rays
Lilium canadense: common lily of the eastern United States having nodding yellow or reddish flowers spotted with brown
Lilium catesbaei: lily of southeastern United States having cup-shaped flowers with deep yellow to scarlet recurved petals
Lilium lancifolium: east Asian perennial having large reddish-orange black-spotted flowers with reflexed petals
Lilium longiflorum: tall lily have large white trumpet-shaped flowers that bloom in the spring
Lilium maritinum: orange-flowered lily of Pacific coast of United States
Lilium martagon: lily with small dull purple flowers of northwestern Europe and northwestern Asia
Lilium michiganense: lily of central North America having recurved orange-red flowers with deep crimson spots
Lilium pardalinum: lily of western United States having orange-red to crimson maroon-spotted flowers
Lilium philadelphicum: lily of eastern North America having orange to orange-red purple-spotted flowers
lily: any liliaceous plant of the genus Lilium having showy pendulous flowers
lily of the Nile: any of various plants of the genus Agapanthus having umbels of showy blue to purple flowers
lily pad: floating leaves of a water lily
limb: any of the main branches arising from the trunk or a bough of a tree
Limnodium spongia: American plant with roundish heart-shaped or kidney-shaped leaves; usually rooted in muddy bottoms of ponds and ditches
Linanthus dianthiflorus: low wiry-stemmed branching herb or southern California having fringed pink flowers
Linanthus dichotomus: small California annual with white flowers
Linaria canadensis: North American plant having racemes of blue-violet flowers
Linaria vulgaris: common European perennial having showy yellow and orange flowers; a naturalized weed in North America
Lindheimera texana: Texas annual with coarsely pinnatifid leaves; cultivated for its showy radiate yellow flower heads
Linnaea borealis: creeping evergreen subshrub of the northern parts of Europe and Asia with delicate fragrant tubular bell-shaped usually pink flowers borne in pairs
Linnaea borealis americana: similar to the twinflower of northern Europe and Asia
Linosyris vulgaris: early-flowering perennial of southern and southeastern Europe with flower heads resembling those of goldenrod
lip: (botany) either of the two parts of a bilabiate corolla or calyx
lip fern: any of various terrestrial ferns of the genus Cheilanthes; cosmopolitan in arid and semiarid temperate or tropical regions
liparis: an orchid of the genus Liparis having few leaves and usually fairly small yellow-green or dull purple flowers in terminal racemes
Liparis loeselii: small terrestrial orchid of eastern North America and Europe having two nearly basal leaves and dull yellow-green racemose flowers
liquidambar: any tree of the genus Liquidambar
Liquidambar styraciflua: a North American tree of the genus Liquidambar having prickly spherical fruit clusters and fragrant sap
liquidambar: aromatic exudate from the sweet gum tree
Liriodendron tulipifera: tall North American deciduous timber tree having large tulip-shaped greenish yellow flowers and conelike fruit; yields soft white woods used especially for cabinet work
Liriope muscari: Asiatic perennial tufted herb with grasslike evergreen foliage and clusters of dark mauve grapelike flowers; grown as ground cover
Listera convallarioides: small orchid with two elliptic leaves and a slender raceme of small green flowers; western North America
Listera cordata: orchid having two triangular leaves and a short lax raceme of green to rust-colored flowers with the lip flushed mauve; Europe and Asia and North America and Greenland
Listera ovata: orchid having a pair of ovate leaves and a long slender raceme of green flowers sometimes tinged red-brown; Europe to central Asia
Lithocarpus densiflorus: evergreen tree of the Pacific coast area having large leathery leaves; yields tanbark
Lithocarpus glaber: small evergreen tree of China and Japan
Lithophragma affinis: California perennial herb cultivated for its racemose white flowers with widely spreading petals; sometimes placed in genus Tellima
Lithophragma parviflorum: plant with mostly basal leaves and slender open racemes of white or pale pink flowers; prairies and open forest of northwestern United States to British Columbia and Alberta
lithophyte: plant that grows on rocks or stony soil and derives nourishment from the atmosphere
Lithospermum canescens: perennial North American plant with greyish hairy foliage yielding a red or yellow pigment
Lithospermum caroliniense: perennial plant of eastern North America having hairy foliage yielding a red or yellow pigment
Lithospermum officinale: European perennial branching plant; occurs in hedgerows and at the edge of woodlands
little club moss: any of numerous fern allies of the genus Selaginella
live oak: any of several American evergreen oaks
living granite: highly succulent stemless clump-forming plants with grey-green leaves similar in texture to lumps of granite; South Africa
Livistona australis: Australian palm with leaf buds that are edible when young
loasa: any of various perennial South American plants of the genus Loasa having stinging hairs and showy white or yellow or reddish-orange flowers
lobe: (botany) a part into which a leaf is divided
lobed leaf: a leaf having deeply indented margins
lobelia: any plant or flower of the genus Lobelia
Lobelia cardinalis: North American lobelia having brilliant red flowers
Lobelia dortmanna: erect perennial aquatic herb of Europe and North America having submerged spongy leaves and pendulous racemes of blue flowers above the water
Lobelia inflata: North American wild lobelia having small blue flowers and inflated capsules formerly used as an antispasmodic
Lobelia siphilitica: tall erect and very leafy perennial herb of eastern North America having dense spikes of blue flowers
Lobularia maritima: perennial European plant having clusters of small fragrant usually white flowers; widely grown in gardens
locust: hardwood from any of various locust trees
locust: any of various hardwood trees of the family Leguminosae
logwood: very hard brown to brownish-red heartwood of a logwood tree; used in preparing a purplish red dye
Loiseleuria procumbens: creeping mat-forming evergreen shrub of high mountain regions of northern hemisphere grown for its rose-pink flowers
Lolium multiflorum: European grass much used for hay and in United States also for turf and green manure
Lolium temulentum: weedy annual grass often occurs in grainfields and other cultivated land; seeds sometimes considered poisonous
lomatia: any of various ornamental evergreens of the genus Lomatia having attractive fragrant flowers
loment: seedpods that are constricted between the seeds and that break apart when mature into single-seeded segments
Lonicera albiflora: bushy honeysuckle with twining branches and white or yellow-white flowers; southern United States
Lonicera caprifolium: deciduous climbing shrub with fragrant yellow-white flowers in axillary whorls
Lonicera dioica: twining deciduous shrub with clusters of purple-tinged yellow-green flowers; northeastern America
Lonicera flava: climbing deciduous shrub with fragrant yellow (later orange) flowers in terminal whorls; southeastern United States
Lonicera hirsuta: twining deciduous shrub with hairy leaves and spikes of yellow-orange flowers; northeastern America
Lonicera involucrata: shrubby honeysuckle with purple flowers; western North America
Lonicera japonica halliana: a variety of Japanese honeysuckle that grows like a vine; established as an aggressive escape in southeastern United States
Lonicera periclymenum: European twining honeysuckle with fragrant red and yellow-white flowers
Lonicera sempervirens: evergreen North American honeysuckle vine having coral-red or orange flowers
loofa: the dried fibrous part of the fruit of a plant of the genus Luffa; used as a washing sponge or strainer
loose smut: a smut fungus of the genus Ustilago causing a smut disease of grains in which the entire head is transformed into a dusty mass of spores
loosestrife: any of various herbs and subshrubs of the genus Lysimachia
loosestrife: any of numerous herbs and subshrubs of the genus Lythrum
Lophophora williamsii: a small spineless globe-shaped cactus; source of mescal buttons
Loranthus europaeus: shrub of central and southeastern Europe; partially parasitic on beeches, chestnuts and oaks
lorchel: a large fungus of the family Helvellaceae
Lotus americanus: North American annual with red or rose-colored flowers
Lotus berthelotii: low-growing much-branched perennial of Canary Islands having orange-red to scarlet or purple flowers; naturalized in United States
Lotus corniculatus: European forage plant having claw-shaped pods introduced in America
Lotus tetragonolobus: sprawling European annual having a 4-winged edible pod
Lovoa klaineana: tropical African timber tree with wood that resembles mahogany
low gallberry holly: an evergreen shrub
Luffa acutangula: loofah of Pakistan; widely cultivated throughout tropics
Luffa cylindrica: the loofah climber that has cylindrical fruit
Lunaria annua: southeastern European plant cultivated for its fragrant purplish flowers and round flat papery silver-white seedpods that are used for indoor decoration
lupin: any plant of the genus Lupinus; bearing erect spikes of usually purplish-blue flowers
Lupinus arboreus: evergreen shrub of the Pacific coast of the United States having showy yellow or blue flowers; naturalized in Australia
Lupinus luteus: yellow-flowered European lupine cultivated for forage
Lupinus perennis: stout perennial of eastern and central North America having palmate leaves and showy racemose blue flowers
Lupinus subcarnosus: low-growing annual herb of southwestern United States (Texas) having silky foliage and blue flowers; a leading cause of livestock poisoning in the southwestern United States
Lychins chalcedonica: Eurasian garden perennial having scarlet flowers in dense terminal heads
Lychnis coronaria: an old cottage garden plant of southeastern Europe widely cultivated for its attractive white woolly foliage and showy crimson flowers
Lychnis dioica: biennial European catchfly having red or pink flowers; sometimes placed in genus Lychnis
Lychnis flos-cuculi: common perennial native to Europe and western Asia having usually pink flowers with ragged petals
Lycium carolinianum: spiny evergreen shrub of southeastern United States having spreading branches usually blue or mauve flowers and red berries
Lycopersicon esculentum: native to South America; widely cultivated in many varieties
Lycopersicon esculentum cerasiforme: plant bearing small red to yellow fruit
Lycophyta: used in some classifications for the class Lycopsida: club mosses
Lycopodium alopecuroides: ground pine thickly covered with bristly leaves; widely distributed in barren sandy or peaty moist coastal regions of eastern and southeastern United States
Lycopodium alpinum: a variety of club moss
Lycopodium clavitum: a variety of club moss
Lycopodium complanatum: a variety of club moss
Lycopodium lucidulum: a variety of club moss
Lycopodium obscurum: a variety of club moss
Lycopodium selago: of northern Europe and America; resembling a miniature fir
Lycopus americanus: aromatic perennial herb of United States
Lycopus europaeus: hairy Eurasian herb with two-lipped white flowers
Lycopus virginicus: a mildly narcotic and astringent aromatic herb having small whitish flowers; eastern United States
Lygodium microphyllum: tropical fern widespread in Old World; naturalized in Jamaica and Florida
Lygodium palmatum: delicate fern of the eastern United States having a twining stem and palmately-lobed sterile fronds and forked fertile fronds
lyme grass: a grass of the genus Elymus
Lyonia ligustrina: deciduous much-branched shrub with dense downy panicles of small bell-shaped white flowers
Lyonia lucida: showy evergreen shrub of southeastern United States with shiny leaves and angled branches and clusters of pink to reddish flowers that resemble an umbel
Lyonia mariana: deciduous shrub of coastal plain of the eastern United States having nodding pinkish-white flowers; poisonous to stock
lyrate leaf: a simple leaf having curvature suggestive of a lyre
Lysichiton americanum: clump-forming deciduous perennial swamp plant of western North America similar to Symplocarpus foetidus but having a yellow spathe
Lysiloma latisiliqua: a tree of the West Indies and Florida and Mexico; resembles tamarind and has long flat pods
Lysiloma sabicu: West Indian tree yielding a hard dark brown wood resembling mahogany in texture and value
Lysimachia ciliatum: of North America
Lysimachia clethroides Duby: a variety of the loosestrife herb
Lysimachia nemorum: trailing European evergreen with yellow flowers
Lysimachia nummularia: a loosestrife vine
Lysimachia quadrifolia: common North American yellow-flowered plant
Lysimachia terrestris: North American plant with spikes of yellow flowers, found in wet places
Lysimachia vulgaris: frequently considered a weed; Europe and Asia
Lythrum hyssopifolia: annual with small solitary pink flowers; originally of Europe but widely naturalized in moist areas
Lythrum salicaria: marsh herb with a long spike of purple flowers; originally of Europe but now rampant in eastern United States
Macadamia integrifolia: medium-sized tree of eastern Australia having creamy-white flowers
Macadamia ternifolia: small Australian tree with racemes of pink flowers; widely cultivated (especially in Hawaii) for its sweet edible nuts
Macadamia tetraphylla: bushy tree with pink to purple flowers
macadamia: any tree of the genus Macadamia
Machaeranthera bigelovii: wild aster having leafy stems and flower heads with narrow bright reddish-lavender or purple rays; western Colorado to Arizona
Machaeranthera tanacetifolia: wild aster with fernlike leaves and flower heads with very narrow bright purple rays; Alberta to Texas and Mexico
Machaeranthera tortifoloia: wild aster having greyish leafy stems and flower heads with narrow pale lavender or violet rays; of rocky desert slopes California to Arizona and Utah
Macleaya cordata: herb of China and Japan widely cultivated for its plumelike panicles of creamy white flowers
Maclura pomifera: small shrubby deciduous yellowwood tree of south central United States having spines, glossy dark green leaves and an inedible fruit that resembles an orange; its hard orange-colored wood used for bows by Native Americans; frequently planted as boundary hedge
Macowanites americanus: a small fungus with a fragile cap that cracks to expose the white context and a white stalk that is practically enclosed by the cap
macrosporangium: a plant structure that produces megaspores
macrospore: larger of the two types of spore produced in heterosporous plants; develops in ovule into a female gametophyte
Macrotyloma uniflorum: twining herb of Old World tropics cultivated in India for food and fodder; sometimes placed in genus Dolichos
macrozamia: any treelike cycad of the genus Macrozamia having erect trunks and pinnate leaves and large cones with sometimes edible nuts; Australia
Macrozamia spiralis: large attractive palmlike evergreen cycad of New South Wales
Madagascar pepper: climber having dark red berries (peppercorns) when fully ripe; southern India and Sri Lanka; naturalized in northern Burma and Assam
Madagascar periwinkle: commonly cultivated Old World woody herb having large pinkish to red flowers
madderwort: any of numerous trees or shrubs or vines of the family Rubiaceae
Madia elegans: California annual having red-brown spots near the base of its yellow flower rays
madia oil: used as a substitute for olive oil
madnep: biennial weed in Europe and America having large pinnate leaves and yellow flowers and a bitter and somewhat poisonous root; the ancestor of cultivated parsnip
magic mushroom: the button-shaped top of the mescal cactus; a source of psilocybin
magnolia: any shrub or tree of the genus Magnolia; valued for their longevity and exquisite fragrant blooms
magnolia: dried bark of various magnolias; used in folk medicine
Magnolia acuminata: American deciduous magnolia having large leaves and fruit like a small cucumber
Magnolia fraseri: small erect deciduous tree with large leaves in coiled formations at branch tips
Magnolia grandiflora: evergreen tree of southern United States having large stiff glossy leaves and huge white sweet-smelling flowers
Magnolia macrophylla: large deciduous shrub or tree of southeastern United States having huge leaves in dense false whorls and large creamy flowers tinged purple toward the base
Magnolia soulangiana: large deciduous shrub or small tree having large open rosy to purplish flowers; native to Asia; prized as an ornamental in eastern North America
Magnolia stellata: deciduous shrubby magnolia from Japan having fragrant white starlike flowers blooming before leaves unfold; grown as an ornamental in United States
Magnolia tripetala: small deciduous tree of eastern North America having creamy white flowers and large leaves in formations like umbrellas at the ends of branches
Magnolia virginiana: shrub or small tree having rather small fragrant white flowers; abundant in southeastern United States
magnoliid dicot family: family of dicotyledonous flowering plants regarded as among the most primitive of extant angiosperms
magnoliid dicot genus: genus of dicotyledonous flowering plants regarded as among the most primitive of extant angiosperms
mahogany: wood of any of various mahogany trees; much used for cabinetwork and furniture
mahogany: any of various tropical timber trees of the family Meliaceae especially the genus Swietinia valued for their hard yellowish- to reddish-brown wood that is readily worked and takes a high polish
Mahonia aquifolium: ornamental evergreen shrub of Pacific coast of North America having dark green pinnate leaves and racemes of yellow flowers followed by blue-black berries
Mahonia nervosa: small shrub with grey-green leaves and yellow flowers followed by glaucous blue berries
Maianthemum bifolium: small white-flowered plant of western Europe to Japan
Maianthemum canadense: small two-leaved herb of the northern United States and parts of Canada having racemes of small fragrant white flowers
maiden blue-eyed Mary: small widely branching western plant with tiny blue-and-white flowers; British Columbia to Ontario and south to California and Colorado
maidenhair: any of various small to large terrestrial ferns of the genus Adiantum having delicate palmately branched fronds
Majorana hortensis: aromatic European plant native to Mediterranean and Turkey; not widespread in Europe
malacca: stem of the rattan palm used for making canes and umbrella handles
Malacothamnus fasciculatus: shrub of coastal ranges of California and Baja California having hairy branches and spikes of numerous mauve flowers; sometimes placed in genus Sphaeralcea
Malaxis ophioglossoides: North American orchid having a solitary leaf and flowers with threadlike petals
Malcolm stock: any of various ornamental flowering plants of the genus Malcolmia
Malcolmia maritima: erect branching herb cultivated for its loose racemes of fragrant white or pink or red or lilac flowers; native to sands and sea cliffs of southwestern Greece and southern Albania
mallee: any of several low-growing Australian eucalypts
mallow: any of various plants of the family Malvaceae
Malope trifida: western Mediterranean annual having deep purple-red flowers subtended by 3 large cordate bracts
Malosma laurina: small aromatic evergreen shrub of California having paniculate leaves and whitish berries; in some classifications included in genus Rhus
Malpighia obovata: Cuban timber tree with hard wood very resistant to moisture
Malus pumila: native Eurasian tree widely cultivated in many varieties for its firm rounded edible fruits
Malus sylvestris: wild crab apple native to Europe; a chief ancestor of cultivated apples
Malva moschata: erect Old World perennial with faintly musk-scented foliage and white or pink flowers; adventive in United States
Malva neglecta: annual Old World plant with clusters of pink or white flowers; naturalized in United States
Malva sylvestris: erect or decumbent Old World perennial with axillary clusters of rosy-purple flowers; introduced in United States
malvasia: grape used to make malmsey wine
Mammea americana: tropical American tree having edible fruit with a leathery rind
mammillaria: any cactus of the genus Mammillaria
Mammillaria plumosa: a low tuberculate cactus with white feathery spines; northeastern Mexico
Mandevilla boliviensis: shrubby climber having glossy leaves and white funnel-shaped flowers with yellow throats
Mandevilla laxa: woody vine of Argentina grown as an ornamental for its glossy leaves and racemes of large fragrant funnel-shaped creamy-white flowers
Mandragora officinarum: a plant of southern Europe and North Africa having purple flowers, yellow fruits and a forked root formerly thought to have magical powers
mandrake: the root of the mandrake plant; used medicinally or as a narcotic
Mangifera indica: large evergreen tropical tree cultivated for its large oval fruit
Manihot dulcis: South American plant with roots used as a vegetable and herbage used for stock feed
Manihot utilissima: cassava with long tuberous edible roots and soft brittle stems; used especially to make cassiri (an intoxicating drink) and tapioca
Manilkara bidentata: a tropical hardwood tree yielding balata gum and heavy red timber
Manilkara zapota: large tropical American evergreen yielding chicle gum and edible fruit; sometimes placed in genus Achras
manna: hardened sugary exudation of various trees
manna grass: any of several moisture-loving grasses of the genus Glyceria having sweet flavor or odor
manna lichen: any of several Old World partially crustaceous or shrubby lecanoras that roll up and are blown about over African and Arabian deserts and used as food by people and animals
manzanita: chiefly evergreen shrubs of warm dry areas of western North America
maple: any of numerous trees or shrubs of the genus Acer bearing winged seeds in pairs; north temperate zone
maple: wood of any of various maple trees; especially the hard close-grained wood of the sugar maple; used especially for furniture and flooring
maranta: any of numerous herbs of the genus Maranta having tuberous starchy roots and large sheathing leaves
Maranta arundinaceae: white-flowered West Indian plant whose root yields arrowroot starch
marasca: small bitter fruit of the marasca cherry tree from whose juice maraschino liqueur is made
Marasmius oreades: mushroom that grows in a fairy ring
Marattia salicina: large Australasian evergreen fern with an edible rhizome sometimes used as a vegetable by indigenous people
marblewood: hard marbled wood
Marchantia polymorpha: a common liverwort
marginal placentation: with ovules borne on the wall along the ventral suture of a simple ovary
marigold: any of various tropical American plants of the genus Tagetes widely cultivated for their showy yellow or orange flowers
mariposa: any of several plants of the genus Calochortus having tulip-shaped flowers with 3 sepals and 3 petals; southwestern United States and Mexico
marrow: any of various squash plants grown for their elongated fruit with smooth dark green skin and whitish flesh
Marrubium vulgare: European aromatic herb with hairy leaves and numerous white flowers in axillary cymes; leaves yield a bitter extract use medicinally and as flavoring
marsh orchid: any of several orchids of the genus Dactylorhiza having fingerlike tuberous roots; Europe and Mediterranean region
marsh rosemary: any of various plants of the genus Limonium of temperate salt marshes having spikes of white or mauve flowers
Marsilea drummondii: Australian clover fern
Marsilea quadrifolia: water fern of Europe and Asia and the eastern United States distinguished by four leaflets resembling clover leaves
Martynia annua: sprawling annual or perennial herb of Central America and West Indies having creamy-white to red-purple bell-shaped flowers followed by unusual horned fruit
Maryland golden aster: perennial golden aster of southeastern United States
masdevallia: any of numerous orchids of the genus Masdevallia; tufted evergreen often diminutive plants whose flowers in a remarkable range of colors usually resemble a tricorn with sepals fused at the base to form a tube
mast: nuts of forest trees (as beechnuts and acorns) accumulated on the ground
matchbush: any of several plants of the genus Gutierrezia having tiny flower heads that resemble the heads of matches
Matricaria chamomilla: annual Eurasian herb similar in fragrance and medicinal uses to chamomile though taste is more bitter and effect is considered inferior
Matricaria matricarioides: annual aromatic weed of Pacific coastal areas (United States and northeastern Asia) having bristle-pointed leaves and rayless yellow flowers
Matteuccia struthiopteris: tall fern of northern temperate regions having graceful arched fronds and sporophylls resembling ostrich plumes
Matthiola incana: European plant with racemes of sweet-scented flowers; widely cultivated as an ornamental
maxillaria: any of numerous orchids of the genus Maxillaria often cultivated for their large brilliantly colored solitary flowers
May apple: edible but insipid fruit of the May apple plant
meadow grass: any of various grasses that thrive in the presence of abundant moisture
meadow rue: any of various herbs of the genus Thalictrum; sometimes rhizomatous or tuberous perennials found in damp shady places and meadows or stream banks; have lacy foliage and clouds of small purple or yellow flowers
mealie: an ear of corn
Meconopsis betonicifolia: Chinese perennial having mauve-pink to bright sky blue flowers in drooping cymes
Meconopsis cambrica: widely cultivated west European plant with showy pale yellow flowers
medic: any of several Old World herbs of the genus Medicago having small flowers and trifoliate compound leaves
Medicago arborea: evergreen shrub of southern European highlands having downy foliage and a succession of yellow flowers throughout the summer followed by curious snail-shaped pods
Medicago falcata: European medic naturalized in North America having yellow flowers and sickle-shaped pods
Medicago intertexta: an annual of the Mediterranean area having spiny seed pods and leaves with dark spots
Medicago lupulina: prostrate European herb with small yellow flowers and curved black pods; naturalized in North America
Medicago sativa: important European leguminous forage plant with trifoliate leaves and blue-violet flowers grown widely as a pasture and hay crop
Medinilla magnifica: a beautiful tropical evergreen epiphytic shrub grown for its lush foliage and huge panicles of pink flowers; Philippines
Mediterranean hackberry: bright green deciduous shade tree of southern Europe
Mediterranean snapdragon: perennial native to the Mediterranean but widely cultivated for its purple or pink flowers
medullary ray: a sheet of vascular tissue separating the vascular bundles
megagametophyte: the female gametophyte produced by the megaspore of a plant that produces both microspore and megaspores
megasporophyll: in non-flowering plants, a sporophyll that bears only megasporangia
Melampodium leucanthum: bushy subshrub having flower heads that resemble asters with broad white rays; found in desert areas of Arizona east to Kansas and south to Mexico
Melampsora lini: fungus causing flax rust
Melastoma malabathricum: evergreen spreading shrub of India and southeastern Asia having large purple flowers
Melia azedarach: tree of northern India and China having purple blossoms and small inedible yellow fruits; naturalized in the southern United States as a shade tree
Melicocca bijugatus: tropical American tree bearing a small edible fruit with green leathery skin and sweet juicy translucent pulp
melilot: erect annual or biennial plant grown extensively especially for hay and soil improvement
Melilotus alba: biennial plant; valuable honey plant
Melilotus officinalis: biennial yellow-flowered Eurasian plant having aromatic leaves used as carminative or flavoring agent; widely cultivated especially as green manure or cover crop
Melissa officinalis: bushy perennial Old World mint having small white or yellowish flowers and fragrant lemon-flavored leaves; a garden escapee in northern Europe and North America
melon: any of various fruit of cucurbitaceous vines including: muskmelons; watermelons; cantaloupes; cucumbers
Menispermum canadense: a woody vine of eastern North America having large oval leaves and small white flowers and purple to blue-black fruits
Mentha aquatica: a European mint that thrives in wet places; has a perfume like that of the bergamot orange; naturalized in eastern North America
Mentha arvensis: European mint naturalized in United States
Mentha citrata: mint with leaves having perfume like that of the bergamot orange
Mentha longifolia: a coarse Old World wild water mint having long leaves and spikelike clusters of flowers; naturalized in the eastern United States
Mentha piperita: herb with downy leaves and small purple or white flowers that yields a pungent oil used as a flavoring
Mentha pulegium: Eurasian perennial mint have small lilac-blue flowers and ovate leaves; yields an aromatic oil
Mentha rotundifolia: mint with apple-scented stems of southern and western Europe; naturalized in United States
Mentha spicata: common garden herb having clusters of small purplish flowers and yielding an oil used as a flavoring
mentum: a projection like a chin formed by the sepals and base of the column in some orchids
Mentzelia laevicaulis: biennial of southwestern United States having white stems and toothed leaves that is grown for its large pale yellow flowers that open in early morning
Mentzelia lindleyi: annual grown especially for its fragrant golden nocturnal flowers
Menyanthes trifoliata: perennial plant of Europe and America having racemes of white or purplish flowers and intensely bitter trifoliate leaves; often rooting at water margin and spreading across the surface
Menziesia ferruginea: straggling shrub of northwestern North America having foliage with a bluish tinge and umbels of small bell-shaped flowers
Menziesia pilosa: low shrub of the eastern United States with downy twigs
Mercurialis annua: Eurafrican annual naturalized in America as a weed; formerly dried for use as a purgative, diuretic or antisyphilitic
Mercurialis perennis: European perennial weedy plant with greenish flowers
mericarp: a carpel with one seed; one of a pair split apart at maturity
meristem: undifferentiated tissue from which new cells are formed, as at the tip of a stem or root
Merlot: black wine grape originally from the region of Bordeaux
Mertensia virginica: smooth erect herb of eastern North America having entire leaves and showy blue flowers that are pink in bud
Meryta sinclairii: small roundheaded New Zealand tree having large resinous leaves and panicles of green-white flowers
Mesembryanthemum crystallinum: Old World annual widely naturalized in warm regions having white flowers and fleshy foliage covered with hairs that resemble ice
Mesembryanthemum edule: low-growing South African succulent plant having a capsular fruit containing edible pulp
mesocarp: the middle layer of a pericarp
mesophyte: land plant growing in surroundings having an average supply of water; compare xerophyte and hydrophyte
Mespilus germanica: small deciduous Eurasian tree cultivated for its fruit that resemble crab apples
mesquit: any of several small spiny trees or shrubs of the genus Prosopis having small flowers in axillary cylindrical spikes followed by large pods rich in sugar
Mesua ferrea: handsome East Indian evergreen tree often planted as an ornamental for its fragrant white flowers that yield a perfume; source of very heavy hardwood used for railroad ties
Metasequoia glyptostrodoides: large fast-growing Chinese monoecious tree having flat bright-green deciduous leaves and small globular cones; commonly cultivated in United States as an ornamental; known as a fossil before being discovered in China
Metroxylon sagu: Malaysian palm whose pithy trunk yields sago--a starch used as a food thickener and fabric stiffener; Malaya to Fiji
Mexican husk tomato: annual of Mexico and southern United States having edible purplish viscid fruit resembling small tomatoes
Mexican jumping bean: seed of Mexican shrubs of the genus Sebastiana containing the larva of a moth whose movements cause the bean to jerk or tumble
Mexican sunflower: any plant of the genus Tithonia; tall coarse herbs or shrubs of Mexico to Panama having large flower heads resembling sunflowers with yellow disc florets and golden-yellow to orange-scarlet rays
Mexican swamp cypress: cypress of river valleys of Mexican highlands
mezereum: the dried bark of the shrub mezereon
microflora: microscopic plants; bacteria are often considered to be microflora
microgametophyte: the male gametophyte produced by a microspore
Microgramma-piloselloides: epiphytic ferns with long rhizomes; tropical America
Micromeria chamissonis: trailing perennial evergreen herb of northwestern United States with small white flowers; used medicinally
Micromeria juliana: dwarf aromatic shrub of Mediterranean regions
micropyle: minute opening in the wall of an ovule through which the pollen tube enters
Microsorium punctatum: tropical Africa to Australasia and Polynesia
microsporangium: a plant structure that produces microspores
microspore: smaller of the two types of spore produced in heterosporous plants; develops in the pollen sac into a male gametophyte
microsporophyll: in non-flowering plants, a sporophyll that bears only microsporangia
Microstrobos niphophilus: small shrub or Tasmania having short stiff branches
midgrass: any of various grasses of moderate height which covered the undisturbed prairie in the United States; includes most of the forage grasses of the temperate zone
midrib: the vein in the center of a leaf
Mikania scandens: herb of tropical America having vanilla-scented flowers; climbs up trees
mildew: a fungus that produces a superficial (usually white) growth on organic matter
milk thistle: any of several Old World coarse prickly-leaved shrubs and subshrubs having milky juice and yellow flowers; widely naturalized; often noxious weeds in cultivated soil
milk vetch: any of various plants of the genus Astragalus
milkweed: any of numerous plants of the genus Asclepias having milky juice and pods that split open releasing seeds with downy tufts
milkwort: any of various plants of the genus Polygala
millet: any of various small-grained annual cereal and forage grasses of the genera Panicum, Echinochloa, Setaria, Sorghum, and Eleusine
millettia: any of several tropical trees or shrubs yielding showy streaked dark reddish or chocolate-colored wood
milo: small drought-resistant sorghums having large yellow or whitish grains
mimosa: any of various tropical shrubs or trees of the genus Mimosa having usually yellow flowers and compound leaves
Mimosa pudica: prostrate or semi-erect subshrub of tropical America, and Australia; heavily armed with recurved thorns and having sensitive soft grey-green leaflets that fold and droop at night or when touched or cooled
Mimosa sensitiva: semi-climbing prickly evergreen shrub of tropical America having compound leaves sensitive to light and touch
ming tree: a dwarfed evergreen conifer or shrub shaped to have flat-topped asymmetrical branches and grown in a container
ming tree: an artificial plant resembling a bonsai
mint: any north temperate plant of the genus Mentha with aromatic leaves and small mauve flowers
mint: any member of the mint family of plants
Mirabilis longiflora: leafy wildflower having fragrant slender white or pale pink trumpet-shaped flowers; southwestern United States and northern Mexico
Mirabilis oblongifolia: leafy wildflower with lavender-pink flowers that open in the evening and remain through cool part of the next day; found in open woods or brush in mountains of southern Colorado to Arizona and into Mexico
Mirabilis uniflora: common garden plant of North America having fragrant red or purple or yellow or white flowers that open in late afternoon
mistletoe cactus: a plant of the genus Rhipsalis
Mitchella repens: creeping woody plant of eastern North America with shiny evergreen leaves and scarlet berries
Mitella diphylla: miterwort of northeastern North America usually with two opposite leaves on erect flowering stems that terminate in erect racemes of white flowers
Mitella pentandra: small plant with leaves in a basal cluster and tiny greenish flowers in slender racemes; northwestern North America to California and Colorado
Mitrula elegans: a discomycete that is 3-8 cm high with an orange to yellow fertile portion and white or pinkish stalks often half in and half out of the water
mixed bud: a bud yielding both leaves and flowers
mock privet: evergreen shrub with white flowers and olivelike fruits
Moehringia lateriflora: low-growing herb having clusters of small white four-petaled flowers
Moehringia mucosa: loosely matted plant with moss-like foliage studded with tiny starry four-petaled white blossoms; mountains of central and southern Europe
Mohria caffrorum: sweetly scented African fern with narrow bipinnate fronds
mold: a fungus that produces a superficial growth on various kinds of damp or decaying organic matter
Molluga verticillata: annual prostrate mat-forming weed having whorled leaves and small greenish-white flowers; widespread throughout North America
Molucella laevis: aromatic annual with a tall stems of small whitish flowers enclosed in a greatly enlarged saucer-shaped or bell-shaped calyx
Momordica balsamina: a tropical Old World flowering vine with red or orange warty fruit
Momordica charantia: tropical Old World vine with yellow-orange fruit
Monarda citriodora: an annual horsemint of central and western United States and northern Mexico
Monarda clinopodia: perennial herb of North America (New York to Illinois and mountains of Alaska) having aromatic leaves and clusters of yellowish-pink balls
Monarda didyma: perennial aromatic herb of eastern North America having variously colored tubular flowers in dense showy heads
Monarda fistulosa: perennial herb of North America
Monarda pectinata: annual of southern United States
Monarda punctata: tall erect perennial or annual having lanceolate leaves and heads of purple-spotted creamy flowers; many subspecies grown from eastern to southwestern United States and in Mexico
monarda: any of various aromatic herbs of the genus Monarda
Monardella lanceolata: fragrant California annual herb having lanceolate leaves and clusters of rose-purple flowers
Moneses uniflora: delicate evergreen dwarf herb of north temperate regions having a solitary white terminal flower; sometimes placed in genus Pyrola
monilia: any of the yeastlike imperfect fungi of the genus Monilia
Monilia albicans: a parasitic fungus that can infect the mouth or the skin or the intestines or the vagina
monocarp: a plant that bears fruit once and dies
Monotropa hypopithys: fleshy tawny or reddish saprophytic herb resembling the Indian pipe and growing in woodland humus of eastern North America; in some classifications placed in a separate genus Hypopitys
Monotropa uniflora: small waxy white or pinkish-white saprophytic woodland plant having scalelike leaves and a nodding flower; turns black with age
monstera: any plant of the genus Monstera; often grown as houseplants
Monstera deliciosa: tropical American vine having roots that hang like cords and cylindrical fruit with a pineapple and banana flavor
Montezuma: evergreen tree with large leathery leaves and large pink to orange flowers; considered a link plant between families Bombacaceae and Sterculiaceae
Montia chamissoi: a floating or creeping Indian lettuce having terminal racemes of pale rose flowers; wet areas at high elevations of western North America
Montia cordifolia: succulent plant with mostly basal leaves; stem bears 1 pair of broadly ovate or heart-shaped leaves and a loose raceme of 3-10 white flowers; western North America
Montia lamprosperma: small Indian lettuce of northern regions
Montia perfoliata: succulent herb sometimes grown as a salad or pot herb; grows on dunes and waste ground of Pacific coast of North America
moon carrot: any plant of the genus Seseli having dense umbels of small white or pink flowers and finely divided foliage
moonseed: plant of the family Menispermaceae having red or black fruit with crescent- or ring-shaped seeds
Morchella angusticeps: a morel whose pitted fertile body is attached to the stalk with little free skirt around it; the fertile body is grey when young and black in old age
Morchella crassipes: a delicious morel with a conic fertile portion having deep and irregular pits
Morchella esculenta: an edible and choice morel with a globular to elongate head with an irregular pattern of pits and ridges
Morchella semilibera: a morel with the ridged and pitted fertile portion attached to the stipe for about half its length
morel: any of various edible mushrooms of the genus Morchella having a brownish spongelike cap
Moreton Bay chestnut: Australian tree having pinnate leaves and orange-yellow flowers followed by large woody pods containing 3 or 4 seeds that resemble chestnuts; yields dark strong wood
Moreton Bay tulipwood: Australian tree yielding a variegated tulipwood
morning glory: any of various twining vines having funnel-shaped flowers that close late in the day
Morrow's honeysuckle: a grey deciduous honeysuckle shrub paired white flowers turning yellow; Japan
Morus alba: Asiatic mulberry with white to pale red fruit; leaves used to feed silkworms
Morus nigra: European mulberry having dark foliage and fruit
Morus rubra: North American mulberry having dark purple edible fruit
moss: tiny leafy-stemmed flowerless plants
moss family: a family of mosses
moss genus: a genus of mosses
moth orchid: any of various orchids of the genus Phalaenopsis having often drooping glossy broad obovate or oval leaves usually dark green flushed purple or mottled grey and silver
mother cell: cell from which another cell of an organism (usually of a different sort) develops
mountain ash: any of various trees of the genus Sorbus
mountain everlasting: a variety of cat's foot
mountain mint: any of a number of perennial herbs of the genus Pycnanthemum; eastern North America and California
mucor: any mold of the genus Mucor
mucuna: any of several erect or climbing woody plants of the genus Mucuna; widespread in tropics of both hemispheres
mugwort: any of several weedy composite plants of the genus Artemisia
Muhlenbergia schreberi: slender branching American grass of some value for grazing in central United States
mulberry: any of several trees of the genus Morus having edible fruit that resembles the blackberry
Muntingia calabura: a fast-growing tropical American evergreen having white flowers and white fleshy edible fruit; bark yields a silky fiber used in cordage and wood is valuable for staves
Musa acuminata: low-growing Asian banana tree cultivated especially in the West Indies for its clusters of edible yellow fruit
Musa paradisiaca: a banana tree bearing hanging clusters of edible angular greenish starchy fruits; tropics and subtropics
Musa paradisiaca sapientum: widely cultivated species of banana trees bearing compact hanging clusters of commercially important edible yellow fruit
Musa textilis: Philippine banana tree having leafstalks that yield Manila hemp used for rope and paper etc
Muscadet: white grape grown especially in the valley the Loire in France
Muscari comosum: large beautiful Mediterranean species having sterile bluish-violet flowers with fringed corollas forming a tuft above the fertile flowers
Muscari neglectum: prolific species having particularly beautiful dark blue flowers
muscat: any of several cultivated grapevines that produce sweet white grapes
mushroom: mushrooms and related fleshy fungi (including toadstools, puffballs, morels, coral fungi, etc.)
mushroom: common name for an edible agaric (contrasting with the inedible toadstool)
mushroom: any of various fleshy fungi of the subdivision Basidiomycota consisting of a cap at the end of a stem arising from an underground mycelium
mushroom pimple: any of various fungi of the family Hypocreaceae
mustard: any of several cruciferous plants of the genus Brassica
mustard oil: oil obtained from mustard seeds and used in making soap
Mutinus caninus: a stinkhorn having a stalk without a cap; the slimy gleba is simply plastered on its surface near the apex where winged insects can find it
mutisia: any of various plants of the genus Mutisia
mycelium: the vegetative part of a fungus consisting of a mass of branching threadlike hyphae
Myosotis scorpiodes: small perennial herb having bright blue or white flowers
Myosotis sylvatica: small biennial to perennial herb of Europe, northern Africa and western Asia having blue, purple or white flowers
Myrciaria cauliflora: small evergreen tropical tree native to Brazil and West Indies but introduced into southern United States; grown in Brazil for its edible tough-skinned purple grapelike fruit that grows all along the branches
Myrica cerifera: evergreen aromatic shrubby tree of southeastern United States having small hard berries thickly coated with white wax used for candles
Myrica pensylvanica: deciduous aromatic shrub of eastern North America with grey-green wax-coated berries
Myricaria germanica: Eurasian shrub resembling the tamarisk
Myristica fragrans: East Indian tree widely cultivated in the tropics for its aromatic seed; source of two spices: nutmeg and mace
myrmecophyte: plant that affords shelter or food to ants that live in symbiotic relations with it
Myroxylon balsamum pereirae: tree of South and Central America yielding an aromatic balsam
Myroxylon toluiferum: medium-sized tropical American tree yielding tolu balsam and a fragrant hard wood used for high-grade furniture and cabinetwork
Myrrhis odorata: European herb with soft ferny leaves and white flowers
myrtaceous tree: trees and shrubs
Myrtillocactus geometrizans: arborescent cactus of western Mexico bearing a small oblong edible berrylike fruit
myrtle: any evergreen shrub or tree of the genus Myrtus
Myrtus communis: European shrub with white or rosy flowers followed by black berries
Nageia nagi: medium-sized tree having glossy lanceolate leaves; southern China to Taiwan and southern Japan
naiad: submerged aquatic plant having narrow leaves and small flowers; of fresh or brackish water
nakedwood: any of several small to medium-sized trees of Florida and West Indies with thin scaly bark and heavy dark heartwood
Napaea dioica: tall coarse American herb having palmate leaves and numerous small white dioecious flowers; found wild in most alluvial soils of eastern and central United States
narcissus: bulbous plant having erect linear leaves and showy yellow or white flowers either solitary or in clusters
Narcissus jonquilla: widely cultivated ornamental plant native to southern Europe but naturalized elsewhere having fragrant yellow or white clustered flowers
Narcissus papyraceus: a daffodil having star-shaped white blossoms; often grown indoors to bloom in the winter
Narcissus pseudonarcissus: any of numerous varieties of Narcissus plants having showy often yellow flowers with a trumpet-shaped central crown
narrow-leaved water plantain: a variety of water plantain
narrow-leaved white-topped aster: a variety of white-topped aster
Narthecium americanum: of the eastern United States: New Jersey to South Carolina
Narthecium ossifragum: of western Europe: Scandinavia to northern Spain and Portugal
nasturtium: any tropical American plant of the genus Tropaeolum having pungent juice and long-spurred yellow to red flowers
Nasturtium amphibium: perennial herb found on streams and riversides throughout Europe except extreme north and Mediterranean; sometimes placed in genus Nasturtium
necklace tree: a tree of the genus Ormosia having seeds used as beads
neem seed: seed of neem trees; source of pesticides and fertilizer and medicinal products
Nelumbo nucifera: native to eastern Asia; widely cultivated for its large pink or white flowers
nemophila: any plant of the genus Nemophila
Nemophila maculata: California annual having white flowers with a deep purple blotch on each petal
Nemophila menziesii: delicate California annual having blue flowers marked with dark spots
Neohygrophorus angelesianus: a fungus with a small brown convex cap with a depressed disc; waxy wine-colored gills and a brown stalk; fruits in or near melting snow banks in the western mountains of North America
Neolentinus ponderosus: a gilled polypore with a large cap (up to 15 inches in diameter) and a broad stalk; edible when young and tender
neophyte: a plant that is found in an area where it had not been recorded previously
Nepeta cataria: hairy aromatic perennial herb having whorls of small white purple-spotted flowers in a terminal spike; used in the past as a domestic remedy; strongly attractive to cats
Nephelium lappaceum: Malayan tree bearing spiny red fruit
Nephelium litchi: Chinese tree cultivated especially in Philippines and India for its edible fruit; sometimes placed in genus Nephelium
Nephelium mutabile: East Indian fruit tree bearing fruit similar to but sweeter than that of the rambutan
Nephrolepis exaltata bostoniensis: a sword fern with arching or drooping pinnate fronds; a popular houseplant
Nephrolepis pectinata: tropical American fern cultivated for its finely divided greyish-green foliage; West Indies and southern Mexico to Peru and Brazil
nephthytis: any plant of the genus Nephthytis
Nephthytis afzelii: tropical rhizomatous plant cultivated as an ornamental for its large sagittate leaves
Nerium oleander: an ornamental but poisonous flowering shrub having narrow evergreen leaves and clusters of fragrant white to pink or red flowers: native to East Indies but widely cultivated in warm regions
nervure: any of the vascular bundles or ribs that form the branching framework of conducting and supporting tissues in a leaf or other plant organ
nettle: any of numerous plants having stinging hairs that cause skin irritation on contact (especially of the genus Urtica or family Urticaceae)
New Zealand beech: any of several tall New Zealand trees of the genus Nothofagus; some yield useful timber
New Zealand cotton: a fiber from the bast of New Zealand ribbon trees that resembles cotton fiber
New Zealand daisybush: bushy New Zealand shrub cultivated for its fragrant white flower heads
New Zealand honeysuckle: slender elegant tree of New Zealand having racemes of red flowers and yielding valuable mottled red timber
New Zealand mountain pine: New Zealand shrub
New Zealand wine berry: graceful deciduous shrub or small tree having attractive foliage and small red berries that turn black at maturity and are used for making wine
Newfoundland dwarf birch: small shrub of colder parts of North America and Greenland
Nicandra physaloides: coarse South American herb grown for its blue-and-white flowers followed by a bladderlike fruit enclosing a dry berry
Nicotiana alata: South American ornamental perennial having nocturnally fragrant greenish-white flowers
Nicotiana glauca: evergreen South American shrub naturalized in United States; occasionally responsible for poisoning livestock
Nicotiana rustica: tobacco plant of South America and Mexico
Nicotiana tabacum: tall erect South American herb with large ovate leaves and terminal clusters of tubular white or pink flowers; cultivated for its leaves
Nierembergia frutescens: shrubby Chilean herb having bluish-white tubular flowers used as an ornamental
Nierembergia rivularis: prostrate woody South American herb with white tubular flowers often tinged with blue or rose
nigella: any plant of the genus Nigella
Nigella damascena: European garden plant having finely cut leaves and white or pale blue flowers
Nigella hispanica: nigella of Spain and southern France
night-blooming cereus: any of several cacti of the genus Hylocereus
night-blooming cereus: any of several night-blooming cacti of the genus Selenicereus
night-blooming cereus: any of several cacti of the genus Cereus
nightshade: any of numerous shrubs or herbs or vines of the genus Solanum; most are poisonous though many bear edible fruit
Nigroporus vinosus: a woody pore fungus with a dark brown to red brown cap and spore surface and small pores
Nipa fruticans: any creeping semiaquatic feather palm of the genus Nipa found in mangrove swamps and tidal estuaries; its sap is used for a liquor; leaves are used for thatch; fruit has edible seeds
nitta tree: any of several Old World tropical trees of the genus Parkia having heads of red or yellow flowers followed by pods usually containing edible seeds and pulp
noble cane: sugarcanes representing the highest development of the species; characterized by large juicy stalks with soft rinds and high sugar content
nodule: small rounded wartlike protuberance on a plant
Nolina microcarpa: stemless plant with tufts of grasslike leaves and erect panicle of minute creamy white flowers; southwestern United States and Mexico
non-flowering plant: a plant that does not bear flowers
nonflowering plant: plants having vascular tissue and reproducing by spores
nonvascular organism: organisms without vascular tissue: e.g. algae, lichens, fungi, mosses
nopal: any of several cacti of the genus Nopalea resembling prickly pears
Northern dewberry: of eastern North America
northern Jacob's ladder: perennial erect herb with white flowers; circumboreal
Northern snow bedstraw: North American stoloniferous perennial having white flowers; sometimes used as an ornamental
Norway spruce: tall pyramidal spruce native to northern Europe having dark green foliage on spreading branches with pendulous branchlets and long pendulous cones
Nothofagus cuninghamii: large evergreen tree of Tasmania
Nothofagus dombeyi: Chilean evergreen whose leafy boughs are used for thatching
Nothofagus menziesii: New Zealand beech with usually pale silvery bark
Nothofagus obliqua: tall deciduous South American tree
Nothofagus procera: large Chilean timber tree yielding coarse lumber
Nothofagus solanderi: New Zealand forest tree
Nothofagus truncata: tall New Zealand tree yielding very hard wood
nucellus: central part of a plant ovule; contains the embryo sac
Nuphar advena: common water lily of eastern and central North America, having broad leaves and globe-shaped yellow flowers; in sluggish fresh or slightly brackish water
Nuphar lutea: a water lily with yellow flowers
Nuphar sagittifolium: of flowing waters of the southeastern United States; may form obstructive mats in streams
nut: usually large hard-shelled seed
nut pine: any of several pinons bearing edible nutlike seeds
nut tree: tree bearing edible nuts
nutlet: a small nut
nutshell: the shell around the kernel of a nut
Nuytsia floribunda: a terrestrial evergreen shrub or small tree of western Australia having brilliant yellow-orange flowers; parasitic on roots of grasses
Nyctaginia capitata: viscid branched perennial of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico having tuberous roots and deep red flowers
Nymphaea caerulea: blue Egyptian lotus: held sacred by the Egyptians
Nymphaea odorata: a water lily having large leaves and showy fragrant flowers that float on the water; of temperate and tropical regions
Nymphaea stellata: blue lotus of India and southeastern Asia
Nyssa aquatica: columnar swamp tree of southeastern to midwestern North America yielding pale soft easily worked wood
Nyssa sylvatica: columnar tree of eastern North America having horizontal limbs and small leaves that emerge late in spring and have brilliant color in early fall
oak: the hard durable wood of any oak; used especially for furniture and flooring
oak apple: oak gall caused by larvae of a cynipid wasp
oak chestnut: a tree of the genus Castanopsis
oak: a deciduous tree of the genus Quercus; has acorns and lobed leaves
oat: annual grass of Europe and North Africa; grains used as food and fodder (referred to primarily in the plural: `oats')
obeche: the wood of an African obeche tree; used especially for veneering
oblanceolate leaf: a leaf having a rounded apex and tapering base
oblong leaf: a simple leaf that is rounded at each end with parallel sides
obovate leaf: an egg-shaped leaf with the narrower end at the base
obtuse leaf: a simple leaf having a rounded or blunt tip
Ochna serrulata: shrub with narrow-elliptic glossy evergreen leaves and yellow flowers with leathery petaloid sepals
Ochroma lagopus: forest tree of lowland Central America having a strong very light wood; used for making floats and rafts and in crafts
Ocimum basilicum: annual or perennial of tropical Asia having spikes of small white flowers and aromatic leaves; one of the most important culinary herbs; used in salads, casseroles, sauces and some liqueurs
odd-pinnate leaf: a pinnate leaf with a single leaflet at the apex
odontoglossum: any of numerous and diverse orchids of the genus Odontoglossum having racemes of few to many showy usually large flowers in many colors
Oenanthe aquatica: European poisonous herb with fibrous roots
Oenanthe crocata: European poisonous herb having tuberous roots, yellow juice that stains the skin, yellow flowers and foliage resembling celery; all parts extremely poisonous
Oenothera biennis: a coarse biennial of eastern North America with yellow flowers that open in the evening; naturalized in Europe
Oenothera fruticosa: a day-flowering biennial or perennial of the genus Oenothera
Oenothera macrocarpa: evening-opening primrose of south central United States
offset: a horizontal branch from the base of plant that produces new plants from buds at its tips
Ohio buckeye: a buckeye with scaly grey bark that is found in the central United States
Ohio goldenrod: a variety of goldenrod
oil palm: pinnate-leaved palms of the genus Elaeis having dense clusters of crowded flowers and bright red fruit and yielding high quality palm oils
oil-rich seed: any of several seeds that yield oil
okra: long green edible beaked pods of the okra plant
old growth: forest or woodland having a mature or overly mature ecosystem more or less uninfluenced by human activity
old maid: any of various plants of the genus Zinnia cultivated for their variously and brightly colored flower heads
Old World hop hornbeam: medium-sized hop hornbeam of southern Europe and Asia Minor
Old World mistletoe: Old World parasitic shrub having branching greenish stems with leathery leaves and waxy white glutinous berries; the traditional mistletoe of Christmas
Old World yew: predominant yew in Europe; extraordinarily long-lived and slow growing; one of the oldest species in the world
Olea cunninghamii: northern Zealand tree having dense hard light-brown wood
Olea lanceolata: small New Zealand tree having red pulpy one-seeded fruit
Oleandra neriiformis: tropical fern having leathery fronds resembling oleander; found from Asia to Polynesia
Olearia argophylla: musk-scented shrub or tree of southern and southeastern Australia having creamy-yellow flower heads
oleaster: any of several shrubs of the genus Elaeagnus having silver-white twigs and yellow flowers followed by olivelike fruits
Oligoporus leucospongia: a pore fungus with a whitish cottony soft cap found on conifer logs in forests at high elevation in the western United States and adjacent Canada
olive: hard yellow often variegated wood of an olive tree; used in cabinetwork
olive: small ovoid fruit of the European olive tree; important food and source of oil
olive tree: a tree of the genus Olea cultivated for its fruit
Omphalotus illudens: a large poisonous agaric with orange caps and narrow clustered stalks; the gills are luminescent
Oncidium papilio kramerianum: orchid of South and Central America having flowers similar to but smaller than Psychopsis papilio; sometimes placed in genus Oncidium
onion: the bulb of an onion plant
Onobrychis viciaefolia: Eurasian perennial herb having pale pink flowers and curved pods; naturalized in Britain and North America grasslands on calcareous soils; important forage crop and source of honey in Britain
Onoclea sensibilis: beautiful spreading fern of eastern North America and eastern Asia naturalized in western Europe; pinnately divided fronds show a slight tendency to fold when touched; pinnules enclose groups of sori in beadlike lobes
Ononis repens: European woody plant having pink flowers and unifoliate leaves and long tough roots; spreads by underground runners
Ononis spinosa: Eurasian plant having loose racemes of pink or purple flowers and spiny stems and tough roots
Onopordum acanthium: biennial Eurasian white hairy thistle having pale purple flowers; naturalized in North America
oosphere: a gamete; used especially of lower plants
oospore: a thick-walled sexual spore that develops from a fertilized oosphere in some algae and fungi
Ophioglossum pendulum: epiphytic fern with straplike usually twisted fronds of tropical Asia and Polynesia and America
Ophrys apifera: European orchid whose flowers resemble bumble bees in shape and color
Ophrys insectifera: European orchid whose flowers resemble flies
Ophrys sphegodes: spring-blooming spider orchid having a flower with yellow or green or pink sepals and a broad brown velvety lip
Opuntia cholla: arborescent cacti having very spiny cylindrical stem segments; southwestern United States and Mexico
Opuntia lindheimeri: cactus having yellow flowers and purple fruits
Opuntia tuna: tropical American prickly pear of Jamaica
orach: any of various herbaceous plants of the genus Atriplex that thrive in deserts and salt marshes
orange mushroom pimple: a variety of mushroom pimple
orange: any citrus tree bearing oranges
orangewood: fine-grained wood of an orange tree; used in fine woodwork
orbiculate leaf: circular or nearly circular leaf
Orbignya cohune: tropical American feather palm whose large nuts yield valuable oil and a kind of vegetable ivory
Orbignya phalerata: tall feather palm of northern Brazil with hard-shelled nuts yielding valuable oil and a kind of vegetable ivory
orchid: any of numerous plants of the orchid family usually having flowers of unusual shapes and beautiful colors
orchis: any of various deciduous terrestrial orchids having fleshy tubers and flowers in erect terminal racemes
Orchis mascula: Eurasian orchid with showy pink or purple flowers in a loose spike
Orchis papilionaceae: Mediterranean orchid having usually purple flowers with a fan-shaped spotted or striped rose-red lip
Orchis spectabilis: North American orchid having a spike of violet-purple flowers mixed with white; sepals and petals form a hood
order Agaricales: typical gilled mushrooms belonging to the subdivision Basidiomycota
order Alismales: an order of aquatic monocotyledonous herbaceous plants
order Andreaeales: comprises a single genus: Andreaea
order Anthocerotales: hornworts; liverworts having a thalloid gametophyte; in some classification systems included in the class Hepaticopsida
order Aphyllophorales: includes chiefly saprophytic fungi typically with shelflike bodies; sometimes placed in class Hymenomycetes or included in Agaricales
order Arales: Araceae; Lemnaceae
order Aristolochiales: order of plants distinguished by tubular petaloid perianth and inferior ovary
order Aspergillales: order of fungi having a closed ascocarp (cleistothecium) with the asci scattered rather than gathered in a hymenium
order Auriculariales: coextensive with the family Auriculariaceae; sometimes included in the order Tremellales
order Bennettitales: fossil gymnospermous plants of the Carboniferous
order Blastocladiales: fungi that carry out asexual reproduction by thick-walled resting spores that produce zoospores upon germination; sometimes placed in class Oomycetes
order Bryales: category used in some classification systems for mosses having the spore case separated from the capsule wall by a hollow intercellular space
order Campanulales: an order of plants of the subclass Asteridae including: Campanulaceae; Lobeliaceae; Cucurbitaceae; Goodeniaceae; Compositae
order Caryophyllales: corresponds approximately to the older group Centrospermae
order Casuarinales: order of chiefly Australian trees and shrubs comprising the casuarinas; 1 family: Casuarinaceae
order Chytridiales: simple aquatic fungi mostly saprophytic but some parasitic on higher plants or animals or fresh water fungi; sometimes placed in class Oomycetes
order Commelinales: an order of monocotyledonous herbs
order Coniferales: profusely branching and chiefly evergreen trees and some shrubs having narrow or needlelike leaves
order Cordaitales: extinct plants having tall arborescent trunks comparable to or more advanced than cycads; known from the Pennsylvanian period; probably extinct since the Mesozoic era
order Cycadales: primitive tropical gymnosperms abundant in the Mesozoic, now reduced to a few scattered tropical forms
order Diapensiales: used in some classifications: coextensive with family Diapensiaceae
order Dicranales: widely distributed order of mosses with erect gametophores and sporophytes at the tips of stems
order Ebenales: trees or shrubs of the families Ebenaceae or Sapotaceae or Styracaceae or Symplocaceae
order Endomycetales: fungi having a zygote or a single cell developing directly into an ascus
order Entomophthorales: coextensive with the family Entomophthoraceae
order Equisetales: lower tracheophytes in existence since the Devonian
order Ericales: Ericaceae; Clethraceae; Diapensiaceae; Epacridaceae; Lennoaceae; Pyrolaceae; Monotropaceae
order Erysiphales: saprophytic and parasitic fungi that live on plants
order Eubryales: mosses with perennial erect gametophores and stems with rows of leaves and drooping capsules
order Fagales: an order of dicotyledonous trees of the subclass Hamamelidae
order Gentianales: an order of dicotyledonous plants having gamopetalous flowers; Gentianaceae; Apocynaceae; Asclepiadaceae; Loganiaceae; Oleaceae; Salvadoraceae
order Geraniales: an order of plants of subclass Rosidae including geraniums and many other plants; see Euphorbiaceae; Geraniaceae; Rutaceae; Malpighiaceae; Simaroubaceae; Meliaceae; Zygophyllaceae; Tropaeolaceae
order Ginkgoales: coextensive with the family Ginkgoaceae: plants that first appeared in the Permian and now represented by a single surviving species; often included in Coniferales
order Gnetales: chiefly tropical or xerophytic woody plants; practically unknown as fossils but considered close to the ancestral line of angiosperms
order Graminales: grasses; sedges; rushes
order Guttiferales: used in some classifications; coextensive with Parietales
order Helotiales: order of fungi having asci in a disk-shaped to goblet-shaped apothecium
order Hymenogastrales: an order of fungi belonging to the class Gasteromycetes; has a distinct basidiocarp with a fleshy or waxy gleba (sometimes placed in subclass Homobasidiomycetes)
order Hypericales: a large order of dicotyledonous plants of subclass Dilleniidae
order Hypocreales: used in some classifications for the family Hypocreaceae
order Isoetales: aquatic or marsh-growing fern allies; known to have existed since the Cenozoic; sometimes included in Lycopodiales
order Juglandales: coextensive with the family Juglandaceae
order Jungermanniales: large order of chiefly tropical liverworts
order Lechanorales: category used in some classification systems for all lichens that produce apothecia
order Lepidodendrales: fossil arborescent plants arising during the early Devonian and conspicuous throughout the Carboniferous
order Lichenales: category used especially in former classifications for organisms now constituting the division Lichenes
order Liliales: an order of monocotyledonous plants including Amaryllidaceae and Liliaceae and Iridaceae
order Lycoperdales: small order of basidiomycetous fungi having fleshy often globose fruiting bodies; includes puffballs and earthstars
order Lycopodiales: lower vascular plants coextensive with the family Lycopodiaceae; in some classifications includes the Selaginellaceae and Isoetaceae
order Lyginopteridales: fossil gymnospermous trees or climbing plants from the Devonian: seed ferns
order Malvales: Malvaceae; Bombacaceae; Elaeocarpaceae; Sterculiaceae; Tiliaceae
order Marattiales: lower ferns coextensive with the family Marattiaceae
order Marchantiales: liverworts with gametophyte differentiated internally
order Moniliales: order of imperfect fungi lacking conidiophores of having conidiophores that are superficial and not enclosed in a pycnidium
order Mucorales: an order of mostly saprophytic fungi
order Musales: tropical plants
order Mycelia Sterilia: order of imperfect fungi having no known spore stage
order Myricales: coextensive with the family Myricaceae
order Nidulariales: small order of basidiomycetous fungi comprising families Nidulariaceae and Sphaerobolaceae
order Oleales: coextensive with the family Oleaceae; in some classifications included in the order Gentianales
order Ophioglossales: coextensive with the family Ophioglossaceae
order Opuntiales: coextensive with the family Cactaceae: cactuses
order Orchidales: order of plants with irregular flowers having minute seeds: Orchidaceae; Burmanniaceae
order Palmales: coextensive with the family Palmae: palms
order Pandanales: families Typhaceae; Sparganiaceae; Pandanaceae
order Papaverales: an order of dicotyledonous plants
order Peronosporales: order of chiefly parasitic lower fungi: Albuginaceae and Peronosporaceae and Pythiaceae
order Pezizales: order of mostly saprophytic fungi having cup-shaped ascocarps
order Phallales: order of fungi comprising the stinkhorns and related forms whose mature hymenium is slimy and fetid; sometimes placed in subclass Homobasidiomycetes
order Piperales: Piperaceae; Saururaceae; Chloranthaceae
order Plantaginales: coextensive with the family Plantaginaceae
order Plumbaginales: coextensive with the family Plumbaginaceae; usually included in order Primulales
order Polemoniales: Polemoniaceae; Solanaceae; Boraginaceae; Labiatae; Lentibulariaceae; Pedaliaceae; in some classifications includes the order Scrophulariales
order Polygonales: coextensive with the family Polygonaceae,
order Polypodiales: true (leptosporangiate) ferns
order Primulales: Primulaceae; Theophrastaceae; Myrsinaceae; and (in some classifications) Plumbaginaceae
order Proteales: coextensive with the family Proteaceae
order Psilophytales: Paleozoic simple dichotomously branched plants of Europe and eastern Canada including the oldest known vascular land plants
order Psilotales: lower vascular plants having dichotomously branched sporophyte divided into aerial shoot and rhizome and lacking true roots
order Ranunculales: herbs, shrubs and trees: includes families Ranunculaceae; Annonaceae; Berberidaceae; Magnoliaceae; Menispermaceae; Myristicaceae; Nymphaeaceae; Lardizabalaceae; Lauraceae; Calycanthaceae; Ceratophyllaceae; Cercidiphyllaceae
order Rhamnales: an order of dicotyledonous plants
order Rosales: in some classifications this category does not include Leguminosae
order Rubiales: an order of dicotyledonous plants of the subclass Asteridae; have opposite leaves and an inferior compound ovary
order Salicales: coextensive with the family Salicaceae
order Santalales: order of plants distinguished by having a one-celled inferior ovary; many are parasitic or partly parasitic usually on roots
order Sapindales: an order of dicotyledonous plants
order Saprolegniales: order of chiefly aquatic fungi
order Sarraceniales: plants that are variously modified to serve as insect traps: families Sarraceniaceae; Nepenthaceae; Droseraceae
order Sclerodermatales: an order of fungi having a peridium surrounding a gleba (sometimes placed in subclass Homobasidiomycetes)
order Scrophulariales: used in some classification systems; often included in the order Polemoniales
order Secotiales: an order of fungi belonging to the class Gasteromycetes
order Selaginellales: in some classifications included in Lycopodiales
order Sphaeriales: large order of ascomycetous fungi usually having a dark hard perithecia with definite ostioles; in more recent classifications often divided among several orders
order Sphaerocarpales: small order sometimes included in the order Jungermanniales
order Sphagnales: coextensive with the genus Sphagnum; in some classifications isolated in a separate subclass
order Taxales: coextensive with the family Taxaceae: yews
order Thymelaeales: Myrtaceae; Combretaceae; Elaeagnaceae; Haloragidaceae; Melastomaceae; Lecythidaceae; Lythraceae; Rhizophoraceae; Onagraceae; Lecythidaceae; Punicaceae
order Tremellales: fungi varying from gelatinous to waxy or even horny in texture; most are saprophytic
order Tuberales: small order of fungi belonging to the subdivision Ascomycota having closed underground ascocarps
order Tulostomatales: an order of fungi belonging to the class Gasteromycetes
order Umbellales: plants having umbels or corymbs of uniovulate flowers; includes the Umbelliferae (chiefly herbs) and Cornaceae (chiefly trees or shrubs)
order Uredinales: rust fungi: parasitic fungi causing rust in plants; sometimes placed in
order Urticales: an order of dicotyledonous plants including Moraceae and Urticaceae and Ulmaceae
order Ustilaginales: parasitic fungi causing smuts; sometimes placed in class Tiliomycetes
Oregon alder: large tree of Pacific coast of North America having hard red wood much used for furniture
Oregon crab apple: small tree or shrub of western United States having white blossoms and tiny yellow or red fruit
Oregon white oak: small deciduous tree of western North America with crooked branches and pale grey bark
Oreopteris limbosperma: common European mountain fern having fragrant lemon or balsam scented fronds
Oriental black mushroom: edible east Asian mushroom having a golden or dark brown to blackish cap and an inedible stipe
origanum: any of various fragrant aromatic herbs of the genus Origanum used as seasonings
Origanum dictamnus: dwarf aromatic shrub of Crete
Origanum vulgare: aromatic Eurasian perennial
Orites excelsa: Australian tree having alternate simple leaves (when young they are pinnate with prickly toothed margins) and slender axillary spikes of white flowers
Ormosia coarctata: West Indian tree similar to Ormosia monosperma but larger and having smaller leaflets and smaller seeds
Ormosia monosperma: small tree of West Indies and northeastern Venezuela having large oblong pointed leaflets and panicles of purple flowers; seeds are black or scarlet with black spots
ornamental: any plant grown for its beauty or ornamental value
Ornithogalum pyrenaicum: Old World star of Bethlehem having edible young shoots
Ornithogalum thyrsoides: South African perennial with long-lasting spikes of white blossoms that are shipped in to Europe and America for use as winter cut flowers
Ornithogalum umbellatum: common Old World herb having grasslike leaves and clusters of star-shaped white flowers with green stripes; naturalized in the eastern United States
Orontium aquaticum: aquatic plant of the southeastern United States having blue-green leaves and a spadix resembling a club covered with tiny yellow flowers
orris: fragrant rootstock of various irises especially Florentine iris; used in perfumes and medicines
orthotropous ovule: a completely straight ovule with the micropyle at the apex
Oryza sativa: yields the staple food of 50 percent of world's population
Oryzopsis hymenoides: valuable forage grass of dry upland areas and plains of western North America to northern Mexico
Oryzopsis miliacea: perennial mountain rice native to Mediterranean region and introduced into North America
osier: any of various willows having pliable twigs used in basketry and furniture
osier: flexible twig of a willow tree
Osmanthus americanus: small tree of southern United States having panicles of dull white flowers followed by dark purple fruits
Osmunda cinnamonea: New World fern having woolly cinnamon-colored spore-bearing fronds in early spring later surrounded by green fronds; the early uncurling fronds are edible
Osmunda clatonia: North American fern having tall erect pinnate fronds and a few sporogenous pinnae at or near the center of the fertile fronds
Osmunda regalis: large deeply rooted fern of worldwide distribution with upright bipinnate compound tufted fronds
ostiole: a small pore especially one in the reproductive bodies of certain algae and fungi through which spores pass
othonna: a South African plant of the genus Othonna having smooth often fleshy leaves and heads of yellow flowers
Our Lady's bedstraw: common yellow-flowered perennial bedstraw; North America and Europe and Asia
Our Lady's mild thistle: tall Old World biennial thistle with large clasping white-blotched leaves and purple flower heads; naturalized in California and South America
Our Lord's candle: yucca of southwestern United States and Mexico with a tall spike of creamy white flowers
ovary: the organ that bears the ovules of a flower
ovate leaf: an egg-shaped leaf with the broader end at the base
ovule: a small body that contains the female germ cell of a plant; develops into a seed after fertilization
Oxalis acetosella: Eurasian plant with heart-shaped trifoliate leaves and white purple-veined flowers
Oxalis caprina: short-stemmed South African plant with bluish flowers
Oxalis corniculata: creeping much-branched mat-forming weed; cosmopolitan
Oxalis tuberosa: South American wood sorrel cultivated for its edible tubers
Oxalis violacea: perennial herb of eastern North America with palmately compound leaves and usually rose-purple flowers
oxalis: any plant or flower of the genus Oxalis
Oxandra lanceolata: source of most of the lancewood of commerce
oxeye: Eurasian perennial herbs having daisylike flowers with yellow rays and dark centers
Oxydendrum arboreum: deciduous shrubby tree of eastern North America having deeply fissured bark and sprays of small fragrant white flowers and sour-tasting leaves
Oxytropis lambertii: tufted locoweed of southwestern United States having purple or pink to white flowers
oyster plant: edible root of the salsify plant
Pachyrhizus erosus: Central American twining plant with edible roots and pods; large tubers are eaten raw or cooked especially when young and young pods must be thoroughly cooked; pods and seeds also yield rotenone and oils
Pachyrhizus tuberosus: twining plant of Amazon basin having large edible roots
pachysandra: any plant of the genus Pachysandra; low-growing evergreen herbs or subshrubs having dentate leaves and used as ground cover
Pachysandra terminalis: slow-growing Japanese evergreen subshrub having terminal spikes of white flowers; grown as a ground cover
Pacific silver fir: medium to tall fir of western North America having a conic crown and branches in tiers; leaves smell of orange when crushed
pad: the large floating leaf of an aquatic plant (as the water lily)
paeony: any of numerous plants widely cultivated for their showy single or double red or pink or white flowers
Palaquium gutta: one of several East Indian trees yielding gutta-percha
Paliurus spina-christi: thorny Eurasian shrub with dry woody winged fruit
palm kernel: seed of any oil palm
palm: any plant of the family Palmae having an unbranched trunk crowned by large pinnate or palmate leaves
palmate leaf: a leaf resembling an open hand; having lobes radiating from a common point
palmetto: any of several low-growing palms with fan-shaped leaves
paloverde: a thorny shrub of the genus Cercidium that grows in dry parts of the southwestern United States and adjacent Mexico; has smooth light green bark and racemes of yellow flowers and small leaves
Panama redwood: hard heavy red wood of a quira tree
Panax pseudoginseng: Chinese herb with palmately compound leaves and small greenish flowers and forked aromatic roots believed to have medicinal powers
Panax quinquefolius: North American woodland herb similar to and used as substitute for the Chinese ginseng
pandanus: fiber from leaves of the pandanus tree; used for woven articles (such as mats)
Pandanus tectorius: Polynesian screw pine
pandanus: any of various Old World tropical palmlike trees having huge prop roots and edible conelike fruits and leaves like pineapple leaves
pandurate leaf: a fiddle-shaped leaf
panic grass: any grass of the genus Panicum; grown for grain and fodder
panicle: compound raceme or branched cluster of flowers
panicled aster: a variety of aster
Panicum capillare: North American grass with slender brushy panicles; often a weed on cultivated land
Panicum miliaceum: extensively cultivated in Europe and Asia for its grain and in United States sometimes for forage
Panicum Texanum: annual weedy grass used for hay
Panicum virgatum: grass of western America used for hay
pansy orchid: any of various orchids of the genus Miltonia having solitary or loosely racemose showy broadly spreading flowers
Papaver alpinum: Old World alpine poppy with white or yellow to orange flowers
Papaver argemone: annual Old World poppy with orange-red flowers and bristly fruit
Papaver californicum: showy annual of California with red flowers
Papaver nudicaule: subarctic perennial poppy of both hemispheres having fragrant white or yellow to orange or peach flowers
Papaver orientale: commonly cultivated Asiatic perennial poppy having stiff heavily haired leaves and bright scarlet or pink to orange flowers
Papaver rhoeas: annual European poppy common in grain fields and often cultivated
Papaver somniferum: southwestern Asian herb with greyish leaves and white or reddish flowers; source of opium
papilla: (botany) a tiny outgrowth on the surface of a petal or leaf
pappus: calyx composed of scales or bristles or featherlike hairs in plants of the Compositae such as thistles and dandelions
Paradisea liliastrum: a variety of spiderwort
parallel-veined leaf: a leaf whose veins run in parallel from the stem
paraphysis: a sterile simple or branched filament or hair borne among sporangia; may be pointed or clubbed
Parasitaxus ustus: rare and endangered monoecious parasitic conifer of New Caledonia; parasitic on Falcatifolium taxoides
parasitic plant: plant living on another plant and obtaining organic nutriment from it
Parathelypteris novae-boracensis: slender shield fern of moist woods of eastern North America; sometimes placed in genus Dryopteris
Parathelypteris simulata: delicate feathery shield fern of the eastern United States; sometimes placed in genus Thelypteris
parenchyma: the primary tissue of higher plants composed of thin-walled cells that remain capable of cell division even when mature; constitutes the greater part of leaves, roots, the pulp of fruits, and the pith of stems
parietal placentation: where ovules develop on the wall or slight outgrowths of the wall forming broken partitions within a compound ovary
Parietaria difussa: herb that grows in crevices having long narrow leaves and small pink apetalous flowers
Paris quadrifolia: European herb with yellow-green flowers resembling and closely related to the trilliums; reputed to be poisonous
Parkia javanica: tall evergreen rain forest tree with wide-spreading crown having yellow-white flowers; grown as an ornamental in parks and large gardens
Parkinsonia aculeata: large shrub or shrubby tree having sharp spines and pinnate leaves with small deciduous leaflets and sweet-scented racemose yellow-orange flowers; grown as ornamentals or hedging or emergency food for livestock; tropical America but naturalized in southern United States
Parkinsonia florida: densely branched spiny tree of southwestern United States having showy yellow flowers and blue-green bark; sometimes placed in genus Cercidium
Parnassia palustris: plant having ovate leaves in a basal rosette and white starlike flowers netted with green
Parochetus communis: trailing trifoliate Asiatic and African herb having cobalt blue flowers
Parry's penstemon: erect stems with pinkish-lavender flowers in long interrupted clusters; Arizona
parsnip: the whitish root of cultivated parsnip
parted leaf: a leaf having margins incised almost to the base so as to create distinct divisions or lobes
Parthenium argentatum: much-branched subshrub with silvery leaves and small white flowers of Texas and northern Mexico; cultivated as a source of rubber
Parthenium hysterophorus: tropical American annual weed with small radiate heads of white flowers; adventive in southern United States
Parthenium integrifolium: stout perennial herb of the eastern United States with whitish flowers; leaves traditionally used by Catawba Indians to treat burns
Parthenocissus quinquefolia: common North American vine with compound leaves and bluish-black berrylike fruit
Parthenocissus tricuspidata: Asiatic vine with three-lobed leaves and purple berries
partial veil: membrane of the young sporophore of various mushrooms extending from the margin of the cap to the stem and is ruptured by growth; represented in mature mushroom by an annulus around the stem and sometimes a cortina on the margin of the cap
particolored buckeye: a buckeye marked by different colors or tints
Paspalum dilatatum: tall tufted perennial tropical American grass naturalized as pasture and forage grass in southern United States
Paspalum distichum: low-growing weedy grass with spikelets along the leaf stems
Paspalum notatum: perennial tropical American grass used as pasture grass in arid areas of the Gulf States
pasque flower: any plant of the genus Pulsatilla; sometimes included in genus Anemone
Passiflora edulis: Brazilian passionflower cultivated for its deep purple fruit
Passiflora foetida: tropical American passion flower with finely dissected bracts; stems malodorous when crushed
Passiflora incarnata: of southern United States; having an insipid berry the size of a hen egg
Passiflora laurifolia: West Indian passionflower; cultivated for its yellow edible fruit
Passiflora ligularis: considered best for fruit
Passiflora maliformis: West Indian passionflower with edible apple-sized fruit
Passiflora mollissima: cultivated for fruit
Passiflora quadrangularis: tropical American passionflower yielding the large granadilla fruit
passionflower: any of various chiefly tropical American vines some bearing edible fruit
Pastinaca sativa: a strong-scented plant cultivated for its edible root
pavonia: any of various evergreen plants of the genus Pavonia having white or yellow or purple flowers
pea: the fruit or seed of a pea plant
pea pod: husk of a pea; edible in some garden peas
pea: a leguminous plant of the genus Pisum with small white flowers and long green pods containing edible green seeds
peace lily: any of various plants of the genus Spathiphyllum having a white or green spathe and a spike of fragrant flowers and often cultivated as an ornamental
peach pit: the stone seed of a peach
peanut: underground pod of the peanut vine
pearlweed: any of various low-growing plants of the genus Sagina having small spherical flowers resembling pearls
pecan: wood of a pecan tree
pecopteris: Carboniferous fossil fern characterized by a regular arrangement of the leaflets resembling a comb
pedate leaf: a leaf having the radiating lobes each deeply cleft or divided
pedicel: a small stalk bearing a single flower of an inflorescence; an ultimate division of a common peduncle
Pedilanthus bracteatus: wax-coated Mexican shrub related to Euphorbia antisyphilitica
Pedilanthus tithymaloides: low tropical American shrub having powerful emetic properties
Pediocactus knowltonii: small clustering cactus of southwestern United States; a threatened species
peduncle: stalk bearing an inflorescence or solitary flower
Pelargonium graveolens: any of several southern African geraniums having fragrant three-lobed to five-lobed leaves and pink flowers
Pelargonium hortorum: an upright geranium having scalloped leaves with a broad color zone inside the margin and white or pink or red flowers
Pelargonium limoneum: a common garden geranium with lemon-scented foliage
Pelargonium odoratissimum: geranium with round fragrant leaves and small white flowers
Pelargonium peltatum: a commonly cultivated trailing South American plant with peltate leaves and rosy flowers
Pellaea andromedifolia: evergreen fern of California and Baja California
Pellaea atropurpurea: very short shallowly creeping North American fern usually growing on cliffs or walls and having dark glossy leaf axes
Pellaea ornithopus: cliff brake of California and Baja California having purple-brown leafstalks
Pellaea rotundifolia: fern of New Zealand and Australia having trailing fronds with dark green buttonlike leaflets
Pellicularia filamentosa: fungus causing a disease in potatoes characterized by black scurfy spots on the tubers
Pellicularia koleroga: fungus causing a disease in coffee and some other tropical plants
Peltandra virginica: perennial herb of the eastern United States having arrowhead-shaped leaves and an elongate pointed spathe and green berries
peltate leaf: a shield-shaped leaf; as a nasturtium leaf
Peltiphyllum peltatum: rhizomatous perennial herb with large dramatic peltate leaves and white to bright pink flowers in round heads on leafless stems; colonizes stream banks in the Sierra Nevada in California
pencil cedar: wood of a pencil cedar tree; used for making pencils
pencil cedar: any of several junipers with wood suitable for making pencils
Pennisetum Americanum: tall grass having cattail like spikes; grown in Africa and Asia for its grain and in the United States chiefly for forage; sometimes used in making beer
Pennisetum cenchroides: erect tussock-forming perennial bur grass used particularly in South Africa and Australia for pasture and forage
Pennisetum setaceum: tall perennial ornamental grass with long nodding flower plumes of tropical Africa and Asia
Pennistum villosum: northeastern tropical African plant having feathery panicles
pennycress: any of several plants of the genus Thlaspi
pennyroyal oil: oil from European pennyroyal having an odor like mint; used chiefly in soaps
Penstemon barbatus: plant of southwestern United States having long open clusters of scarlet flowers with yellow hairs on lower lip
Penstemon centranthifolius: plant with bright red tubular flowers in long narrow clusters near tips of erect stems; coastal ranges from central California southward
Penstemon davidsonii: mat-forming plant with blue and lavender flowers clustered on short erect stems; British Columbia to northern California
Penstemon deustus: stems in clumps with cream-colored flowers; found from Washington to Wyoming and southward to California and Utah
Penstemon dolius: low plant with light blue and violet flowers in short clusters near tips of stems; Nevada to Utah
Penstemon fruticosus: low bushy plant with large showy pale lavender or blue-violet flowers in narrow clusters at ends of stems
Penstemon linarioides: plant having small narrow leaves and blue-violet flowers in long open clusters; Utah and Colorado to New Mexico and Arizona
Penstemon newberryi: mat-forming plant with deep pink flowers on short erect leafy stems; rocky places at high elevations from Oregon to California
Penstemon palmeri: fragrant puffed-up white to reddish-pink flowers in long narrow clusters on erect stems; Arizona to New Mexico and Utah
Penstemon rupicola: one of the West's most beautiful wildflowers; large brilliant pink or rose flowers in many racemes above thick mats of stems and leaves; ledges and cliffs from Washington to California
Penstemon serrulatus: whorls of deep blue to dark purple flowers at tips of erect leafy stems; moist places from British Columbia to Oregon
Penstemon whippleanus: wine and lavender to purple and black flowers in several clusters on the upper half of leafy stems; Montana south through the Rocky Mountains to Arizona and New Mexico
peperomia: any of various plants of the genus Peperomia; grown primarily for their often succulent foliage
Peperomia sandersii: grown as a houseplant for its silvery striped fleshy foliage; South America
pepper vine: any of various shrubby vines of the genus Piper
perennial: (botany) a plant lasting for three seasons or more
perennial salt marsh aster: a variety of aster
perfoliate leaf: a leaf with the base united around--and apparently pierced by--the stem
Pericallis cruenta: herb of Canary Islands widely cultivated for its blue or purple or red or variegated daisylike flowers
Pericallis hybrida: herb derived from Pericallis cruenta and widely cultivated in a variety of profusely flowering forms with florets from white to pink to red or purple or violet or blue
pericarp: the ripened and variously modified walls of a plant ovary
peridium: outer layer of the spore-bearing organ in many fungi
Perilla frutescens crispa: plant grown for its ornamental red or purple foliage
Periploca graeca: deciduous climber for arches and fences having ill-scented but interesting flowers and poisonous yellow fruits; cultivated for its dark shining foliage; southeastern Europe to Asia Minor
perisperm: the nutritive tissue outside the sac containing the embryo in some seeds
peristome: (botany) fringe of toothlike appendages surrounding the mouth of a moss capsule
perithecium: flask-shaped ascocarp
periwinkle: chiefly trailing poisonous plants with blue flowers
Peronospora destructor: fungus causing a downy mildew on onions
Peronospora hyoscyami: fungus causing a downy mildew on growing tobacco
Peronospora tabacina: fungus causing a serious disease in tobacco plants characterized by bluish-grey mildew on undersides of leaves
Persea Americana: tropical American tree bearing large pulpy green fruits
Persea borbonia: small tree of southern United States having dark red heartwood
Persian iris: bulbous iris native to Asia Minor cultivated for its pale lilac-colored flowers
Persian violet: perennial cultivated especially as a houseplant for its fragrant bluish to dark lavender flowers
persimmon: any of several tropical trees of the genus Diospyros
Peruvian bark: medicinal bark of cinchona trees; source of quinine and quinidine
Peruvian mastic tree: small Peruvian evergreen with broad rounded head and slender pendant branches with attractive clusters of greenish flowers followed by clusters of rose-pink fruits
Petasites fragrans: European herb with vanilla-scented white-pink flowers
Petasites sagitattus: American sweet-scented herb
Petasites vulgaris: small Eurasian herb having broad leaves and lilac-pink rayless flowers; found in moist areas
petiolule: the stalk of a leaflet
Petroselinum crispum: annual or perennial herb with aromatic leaves
Petroselinum crispum neapolitanum: a variety of parsley having flat leaves
Petroselinum crispum tuberosum: parsley with smooth leaves and enlarged edible taproot resembling a savory parsnip
petunia: any of numerous tropical herbs having fluted funnel-shaped flowers
Petunia axillaris: annual herb having large nocturnally fragrant white flowers
Petunia hybrida: hybrids of Petunia axillaris and Petunia integrifolia: a complex group of petunias having single or double flowers in colors from white to purple
Petunia integrifolia: herb or small shrublet having solitary violet to rose-red flowers
Peziza coccinea: a scarlet European fungus with cup-shaped ascocarp
Peziza domicilina: a discomycetous fungus of the genus Peziza; the fragile fruiting body is a ghostly white but stains yellow when broken; favors strongly alkaline habitats
Phacelia campanularia: annual of southern California with intricately branched stems and lax cymes of aromatic deep blue bell-shaped flowers
Phacelia tanacetifolia: hairy annual of California to Mexico with crowded cymes of small blue to lilac or mauve flowers
phacelia: any plant of the genus Phacelia
phaius: an orchid of the genus Phaius having large plicate leaves and racemes of showy flowers
Phalaenopsis amabilis: orchid having large elliptic to obovate fleshy leaves and fragrant pink-and-white flowers dotted with red
Phalaris aquatica: perennial grass of Australia and South Africa; introduced in North America as forage grass
Phalaris arundinacea: perennial grass of marshy meadows and ditches having broad leaves; Europe and North America
Phalaris canariensis: Canary Islands grass; seeds used as feed for caged birds
Phallus impudicus: a common fungus formerly used in preparing a salve for rheumatism
Phallus ravenelii: this stinkhorn has a cap with a granulose surface at the apex and smells like decaying flesh
phanerogam: plant that reproduces by means of seeds not spores
Phanerogamae: in former classification systems: one of two major plant divisions, including all seed-bearing plants; superseded by the division Spermatophyta
Phaseolus aconitifolius: East Indian legume having hairy foliage and small yellow flowers followed by cylindrical pods; used especially in India for food and forage and as a soil conditioner; sometimes placed in genus Phaseolus
Phaseolus acutifolius latifolius: twining plant of southwestern United States and Mexico having roundish white or yellow or brown or black beans
Phaseolus angularis: bushy annual widely grown in China and Japan for the flour made from its seeds
Phaseolus aureus: erect bushy annual widely cultivated in warm regions of India and Indonesia and United States for forage and especially its edible seeds; chief source of bean sprouts used in Chinese cookery; sometimes placed in genus Phaseolus
Phaseolus caracalla: perennial tropical American vine cultivated for its racemes of showy yellow and purple flowers having the corolla keel coiled like a snail shell; sometimes placed in genus Phaseolus
Phaseolus limensis: bush or tall-growing bean plant having large flat edible seeds
Phaseolus lunatus: bush bean plant cultivated especially in southern United States having small flat edible seeds
Phaseolus vulgaris: the common annual twining or bushy bean plant grown for its edible seeds or pods
Phegopteris connectilis: beech fern of North America and Eurasia
Phegopteris hexagonoptera: beech fern of North American woodlands having straw-colored stripes
Phellodendron amurense: deciduous tree of China and Manchuria having a turpentine aroma and handsome compound leaves turning yellow in autumn and deeply fissured corky bark
philadelphus: any of various chiefly deciduous ornamental shrubs of the genus Philadelphus having white sweet-scented flowers, single or in clusters; widely grown in temperate regions
Philadelphus coronarius: large hardy shrub with showy and strongly fragrant creamy-white flowers in short terminal racemes
Philippine mahogany: Philippine timber tree having hard red fragrant wood
Philippine mahogany: red hardwood of the Philippine mahogany tree used for cigar boxes and interior finish
philodendron: often grown as a houseplant
Phleum pratense: grass with long cylindrical spikes grown in northern United States and Europe for hay
phlomis: any of various plants of the genus Phlomis; grown primarily for their dense whorls of lipped flowers and attractive foliage
Phlomis fruticosa: a spreading subshrub of Mediterranean regions cultivated for dense axillary whorls of purple or yellow flowers
phlox: any polemoniaceous plant of the genus Phlox; chiefly North American; cultivated for their clusters of flowers
Phlox stellaria: low mat-forming herb of rocky places in United States
Phlox subulata: low tufted perennial phlox with needlelike evergreen leaves and pink or white flowers; native to United States and widely cultivated as a ground cover
Phoenix dactylifera: tall tropical feather palm tree native to Syria bearing sweet edible fruit
Pholiota astragalina: a fungus with a smooth orange cap and yellow gills and pale yellow stalk
Pholiota aurea: a beautiful yellow gilled fungus found from Alaska south along the coast
Pholiota destruens: a large fungus with whitish scales on the cap and remnants of the veil hanging from the cap; the stalk is thick and hard
Pholiota flammans: a fungus with a yellow cap covered with fine scales as is the stalk
Pholiota flavida: a fungus that grows in clusters on the ground; cap is brownish orange with a surface that is smooth and slightly sticky; whitish gills and a cylindrical brown stalk
Pholiota nameko: one of the most important fungi cultivated in Japan
Pholiota squarrosa: a gilled fungus with a cap and stalk that are conspicuously scaly with upright scales; gills develop a greenish tinge with age
Pholiota squarrosa-adiposa: a gilled fungus having yellow slimy caps with conspicuous tawny scales on the caps and stalks
Pholiota squarrosoides: a pale buff fungus with tawny scales
Pholistoma auritum: straggling California annual herb with deep purple or violet flowers; sometimes placed in genus Nemophila
Phoradendron flavescens: the traditional mistletoe of Christmas in America: grows on deciduous trees and can severely weaken the host plant
Phragmites communis: tall North American reed having relative wide leaves and large plumelike panicles; widely distributed in moist areas; used for mats, screens and arrow shafts
Phycomycetes group: a large and probably unnatural group of fungi and funguslike organisms comprising the Mastigomycota (including the Oomycetes) and Zygomycota subdivisions of the division Eumycota; a category not used in all systems
Phyllitis scolopendrium: Eurasian fern with simple lanceolate fronds
Phyllocladus alpinus: small shrubby celery pine of New Zealand
Phyllocladus asplenifolius: medium tall celery pine of Tasmania
Phyllocladus trichomanoides: medium tall celery pine of New Zealand
phyllode: an expanded petiole taking on the function of a leaf blade
Phylloporus boletinoides: a fungus with a broadly convex brown cap and pores that extend part way down the stalk
Phyllostachys aurea: small bamboo of southeastern China having slender culms flexuous when young
Phyllostachys bambusoides: large bamboo having thick-walled culms; native of China and perhaps Japan; widely grown elsewhere
Phyllostachys nigra: small bamboo having thin green culms turning shining black
Physalis peruviana: annual of tropical South America having edible purple fruits
Physalis philadelphica: Mexican annual naturalized in eastern North America having yellow to purple edible fruit resembling small tomatoes
Physalis pruinosa: stout hairy annual of eastern North America with sweet yellow fruits
Physalis pubescens: decorative American annual having round fleshy yellow berries enclosed in a bladderlike husk
Physalis viscosa: found on sea beaches from Virginia to South America having greenish-yellow flowers and orange or yellow berries
physostegia: any of various plants of the genus Physostegia having sessile linear to oblong leaves and showy white or rose or lavender flowers
Physostegia virginiana: North American plant having a spike of two-lipped pink or white flowers
Physostigma venenosum: tropical African woody vine yielding calabar beans
physostigmine: used in treatment of Alzheimer's disease and glaucoma
Phytelephas macrocarpa: a stemless palm tree of Brazil and Peru bearing ivory nuts
Phytolacca acinosa: pokeweed of southeastern Asia and China
Phytolacca americana: tall coarse perennial American herb having small white flowers followed by blackish-red berries on long drooping racemes; young fleshy stems are edible; berries and root are poisonous
Phytolacca dioica: fast-growing herbaceous evergreen tree of South America having a broad trunk with high water content and dark green oval leaves
Phytophthora citrophthora: causes brown rot gummosis in citrus fruits
Phytophthora infestans: fungus causing late blight in solanaceous plants especially tomatoes and potatoes
Picea breweriana: medium-sized spruce of California and Oregon having pendulous branches
Picea glauca: medium-sized spruce of northeastern North America having short blue-green leaves and slender cones
Picea mariana: small spruce of boggy areas of northeastern North America having spreading branches with dense foliage; inferior wood
Picea orientalis: evergreen tree of the Caucasus and Asia Minor used as an ornamental having pendulous branchlets
Picea rubens: medium-sized spruce of eastern North America; chief lumber spruce of the area; source of pulpwood
Picea sitchensis: a large spruce that grows only along the northwestern coast of the United States and Canada; has sharp stiff needles and thin bark; the wood has a high ratio of strength to weight
Pickeringia montana: spiny evergreen xerophytic shrub having showy rose and purple flowers and forming dense thickets; of dry rocky mountain slopes of California
Picrasma excelsum: West Indian tree yielding the drug Jamaica quassia
Picris echioides: widespread European weed with spiny tongue-shaped leaves and yellow flowers; naturalized in United States
Pieris floribunda: ornamental evergreen shrub of southeastern United States having small white bell-shaped flowers
Pilea involucrata: low stingless nettle of Central and South America having velvety brownish-green toothed leaves and clusters of small green flowers
Pilea microphylla: tropical American stingless nettle that discharges its pollen explosively
Pilea pumilla: a plants of the genus Pilea having drooping green flower clusters and smooth translucent stems and leaves
Pilosella officinarum: European hawkweed having soft hairy leaves; sometimes placed in genus Hieracium
Pilularia globulifera: European water fern found around margins of bodies of water or in wet acid soil having small globose sporocarps
Pimenta dioica: aromatic West Indian tree that produces allspice berries
Pimenta officinalis: tropical American tree having small white flowers and aromatic berries
pimpernel: any of several plants of the genus Anagallis
Pimpinella anisum: native to Egypt but cultivated widely for its aromatic seeds and the oil from them used medicinally and as a flavoring in cookery
Pinckneya pubens: ornamental shrub or small tree of swampy areas in southwestern United States having large pink or white sepals and yielding Georgia bark for treating fever
pine: straight-grained durable and often resinous white to yellowish timber of any of numerous trees of the genus Pinus
pine: a coniferous tree
pinecone: the seed-producing cone of a pine tree
pink of my John: a common and long cultivated European herb from which most common garden pansies are derived
pinna: division of a usually pinnately divided leaf
pinnate leaf: a leaf resembling a feather; having the leaflets on each side of a common axis
pinon: any of several low-growing pines of western North America
Pinot blanc: white wine grape; grown especially in California for making wines resembling those from Chablis, France
Pinot grape: any of several purple or white wine grapes used especially for Burgundies and champagnes
Pinot noir: red wine grape; grown especially in California for making wines resembling those from Burgundy, France
Pinus albicaulis: small pine of western North America; having smooth grey-white bark and soft brittle wood; similar to limber pine
Pinus attenuata: medium-sized three-needled pine of the Pacific coast of the United States having a prominent knob on each scale of the cone
Pinus banksiana: slender medium-sized two-needled pine of eastern North America; with yellow-green needles and scaly grey to red-brown fissured bark
Pinus cembroides: a small two-needled or three-needled pinon of Mexico and southern Texas
Pinus contorta: shrubby two-needled pine of coastal northwestern United States; red to yellow-brown bark fissured into small squares
Pinus contorta murrayana: tall subspecies of lodgepole pine
Pinus echinata: large pine of southern United States having short needles in bunches of 2-3 and red-brown bark when mature
Pinus flexilis: western North American pine with long needles and very flexible limbs and dark-grey furrowed bark
Pinus glabra: large two-needled pine of southeastern United States with light soft wood
Pinus longaeva: small slow-growing pine of western United States similar to the bristlecone pine; chocolate brown bark in plates and short needles in bunches of 5; crown conic but becoming rough and twisted; oldest plant in the world growing to 5000 years in cold semidesert mountain tops
Pinus monophylla: pinon of southwestern United States having solitary needles and often many stems; important as a nut pine
Pinus monticola: tall pine of western North America with stout blue-green needles; bark is grey-brown with rectangular plates when mature
Pinus muricata: two-needled or three-needled pinon mostly of northwestern California coast
Pinus nigra: large two-needled timber pine of southeastern Europe
Pinus palustris: large three-needled pine of southeastern United States having very long needles and gnarled twisted limbs; bark is red-brown deeply ridged; an important timber tree
Pinus ponderosa: common and widely distributed tall timber pine of western North America having dark green needles in bunches of 2 to 5 and thick bark with dark brown plates when mature
Pinus pungens: a small two-needled upland pine of the eastern United States (Appalachians) having dark brown flaking bark and thorn-tipped cone scales
Pinus quadrifolia: five-needled pinon of southern California and northern Baja California having (sometimes three-needled or four-needled showing hybridization from Pinus californiarum)
Pinus radiata: tall California pine with long needles in bunches of 3, a dense crown, and dark brown deeply fissured bark
Pinus rigida: large three-needled pine of the eastern United States and southeastern Canada; closely related to the pond pine
Pinus serotina: large three-needled pine of sandy swamps of southeastern United States; needles longer than those of the northern pitch pine
Pinus strobiformis: medium-size pine of northwestern Mexico; bark is dark brown and furrowed when mature
Pinus sylvestris: medium large two-needled pine of northern Europe and Asia having flaking red-brown bark
Pinus taeda: tall spreading three-needled pine of southeastern United States having reddish-brown fissured bark and a full bushy upper head
Pinus torreyana: medium-sized five-needled pine of southwestern California having long cylindrical cones
Pinus virginiana: common small shrubby pine of the eastern United States having straggling often twisted or branches and short needles in bunches of 2
pip: a small hard seed found in some fruits
Piper betel: Asian pepper plant whose leaves are chewed with betel nut (seed of the betel palm) by southeast Asians
Piper cubeba: tropical southeast Asian shrubby vine bearing spicy berrylike fruits
Piper longum: slender tropical climber of the eastern Himalayas
pipsissewa: any of several plants of the genus Chimaphila
Pipturus albidus: Hawaiian tree of genus Pipturus having a bark (tapa) from which tapa cloth is made
Piscidia erythrina: small tree of West Indies and Florida having large odd-pinnate leaves and panicles of red-striped purple to white flowers followed by decorative curly winged seedpods; yields fish poisons
Pisonia aculeata: small spiny West Indian tree
Pistacia lentiscus: an evergreen shrub of the Mediterranean region that is cultivated for its resin
Pistacia terebinthus: a Mediterranean tree yielding Chian turpentine
Pistacia vera: small tree of southern Europe and Asia Minor bearing small hard-shelled nuts
Pistia stratoites: pantropical floating plant forming a rosette of wedge-shaped leaves; a widespread weed in rivers and lakes
pistil: the female ovule-bearing part of a flower composed of ovary and style and stigma
pistillode: a sterile vestigial pistil remaining in a staminate flower
Pisum sativum: plant producing peas usually eaten fresh rather than dried
Pisum sativum arvense: variety of pea plant native to the Mediterranean region and North Africa and widely grown especially for forage
Pisum sativum macrocarpon: a variety of pea plant producing peas having soft thick edible pods lacking the fibrous inner lining of the common pea
pitcher: (botany) a leaf that that is modified in such a way as to resemble a pitcher or ewer
pitcher plant: any of several insectivorous herbs of the order Sarraceniales
pith: soft spongelike central cylinder of the stems of most flowering plants
Pithecellobium dulce: common thorny tropical American tree having terminal racemes of yellow flowers followed by sickle-shaped or circinate edible pods and yielding good timber and a yellow dye and mucilaginous gum
Pithecellobium unguis-cati: erect shrub with small if any spines having racemes of white to yellow flowers followed by curved pointed pods and black shiny seeds; West Indies and Florida
Pityrogramma argentea: fern of southern tropical Africa having fronds with white undersides
Pityrogramma calomelanos: tropical American fern having fronds with white undersides
Pityrogramma calomelanos aureoflava: tropical American fern having fronds with light golden undersides
Pityrogramma chrysophylla: fern of West Indies and South America having fronds with bright golden-yellow undersides
placenta: that part of the ovary of a flowering plant where the ovules form
placentation: arrangement of the ovules in the placenta and of the placentas in the ovary
Plagianthus betulinus: deciduous New Zealand tree whose inner bark yields a strong fiber that resembles flax and is called New Zealand cotton
plane tree: any of several trees of the genus Platanus having thin pale bark that scales off in small plates and lobed leaves and ball-shaped heads of fruits
plant cell: a cell that is a structural and functional unit of a plant
plant family: a family of plants
plant genus: a genus of plants
plant order: the order of plants
plant organ: a functional and structural unit of a plant or fungus
plant part: any part of a plant or fungus
plant tissue: the tissue of a plant
Plantago lanceolata: an Old World plantain with long narrow ribbed leaves widely established in temperate regions
Plantago major: common European perennial naturalized worldwide; a troublesome weed
Plantago media: widely distributed Old World perennial naturalized in North America having finely hairy leaves and inconspicuous white fragrant flowers
Plantago psyllium: plantain of Mediterranean regions whose seeds swell and become gelatinous when moist and are used as a mild laxative
Plantago rugelii: North American plantain having reddish leafstalks and broad leaves
Plantago virginica: North American annual or biennial with long soft hairs on the leaves
plantain: any of numerous plants of the genus Plantago; mostly small roadside or dooryard weeds with elliptic leaves and small spikes of very small flowers; seeds of some used medicinally
plantain-leaved pussytoes: a variety of pussytoes
plantlet: a young plant or a small plant
Plasmodiophora brassicae: a fungus resembling slime mold that causes swellings or distortions of the roots of cabbages and related plants
plastid: any of various small particles in the cytoplasm of the cells of plants and some animals containing pigments or starch or oil or protein
Platanthera bifolia: south European orchid having fragrant greenish-white flowers; sometimes placed in genus Habenaria
Platanthera chlorantha: south European orchid with dark green flowers that are larger and less fragrant than Platanthera bifolia; sometimes placed in genus Habenaria
Platanthera leucophea: of central North America; a threatened species
Platanus acerifolia: very large fast-growing tree much planted as a street tree
Platanus occidentalis: very large spreading plane tree of eastern and central North America to Mexico
Platanus orientalis: large tree of southeastern Europe to Asia Minor
Platanus wrightii: medium-sized tree of Arizona and adjacent regions having deeply lobed leaves and collective fruits in groups of 3 to 5
Platte River penstemon: erect plant with blue-violet flowers in rings near tips of stems; Idaho to Utah and Wyoming
Platycerium bifurcatum: commonly cultivated fern of Australia and southeastern Asia and Polynesia
Platycladus orientalis: Asiatic shrub or small tree widely planted in United States and Europe; in some classifications assigned to its own genus
Platylobium formosum: evergreen shrub having almost heart-shaped foliage and bright yellow pea-like flowers followed by flat pods with flat wings; Australia and Tasmania
Platymiscium pinnatum: large erect shrub of Colombia having large odd-pinnate leaves with large leaflets and axillary racemes of fragrant yellow flowers
Platymiscium trinitatis: large tree of Trinidad and Guyana having odd-pinnate leaves and violet-scented axillary racemes of yellow flowers and long smooth pods; grown as a specimen in parks and large gardens
Platystemon californicus: California plant with small pale yellow flowers
Playlobium obtusangulum: low spreading evergreen shrub of southern Australia having triangular to somewhat heart-shaped foliage and orange-yellow flowers followed by flat winged pods
plectranthus: any of various ornamental plants of the genus Plectranthus
Plectranthus amboinicus: an aromatic fleshy herb of India and Ceylon to South Africa; sometimes placed in genus Plectranthus
pleurocarp: a moss having the archegonium or antheridium on a short side branch rather than the main stalk
pleurothallis: any of numerous small tufted orchids of the genus Pleurothallis having leathery to fleshy leaves and racemes of 1 to many small flowers
Pleurotus ostreatus: edible agaric with a soft greyish cap growing in shelving masses on dead wood
Pleurotus phosphoreus: red luminescent mushroom of Europe
plum tomato: an Italian variety of cherry tomato that is shaped like a plum
plum: any of several trees producing edible oval fruit having a smooth skin and a single hard stone
plum-yew: any of several evergreen trees and shrubs of eastern Asia resembling yew and having large seeds enclosed in a fleshy envelope; sometimes cultivated as ornamentals
plumbago: any plumbaginaceous plant of the genus Plumbago
Plumbago europaea: a plant of the genus Plumbago with blue flowers
plumcot: hybrid produced by crossing Prunus domestica and Prunus armeniaca
plume grass: a reedlike grass of the genus Erianthus having large plumes
plume thistle: any of numerous biennial to perennial herbs with handsome purple or yellow or occasionally white flower heads
Plumeria acutifolia: frangipani of India having an erect habit and conical form; grown in temple gardens
Pluteus aurantiorugosus: an agaric with a brilliant scarlet cap and a slender stalk
Pluteus cervinus: a small edible agaric with a slender stalk; usually found on rotting hardwoods
Pluteus magnus: an edible agaric found in piles of hardwood sawdust; the caps are black and coarsely wrinkled
pneumatophore: an air-filled root (submerged or exposed) that can function as a respiratory organ of a marsh or swamp plant
Poa nemoralis: slender European grass of shady places; grown also in northeastern America and temperate Asia
pod: a several-seeded dehiscent fruit as e.g. of a leguminous plant
Podaxaceae: a variety of gastromycete
podetium: an organ or body resembling a stalk; especially the outgrowth of the thallus of certain lichens on which the ascocarp is borne
podocarp: any evergreen in the southern hemisphere of the genus Podocarpus having a pulpy fruit with one hard seed
Podocarpus coriaceus: West Indian evergreen with medium to long leaves
Podocarpus elongatus: South African tree or shrub having a rounded crown
Podocarpus nivalis: low wide-spreading coniferous shrub of New Zealand mountains
Podocarpus totara: valuable timber tree of New Zealand yielding hard reddish wood used for furniture and bridges and wharves
Podophyllum peltatum: North American herb with poisonous root stock and edible though insipid fruit
pogonia: any hardy bog orchid of the genus Pogonia: terrestrial orchids having slender rootstocks and erect stems bearing one or a few leaves and a solitary terminal flower
Pogostemon cablin: small East Indian shrubby mint; fragrant oil from its leaves is used in perfumes
Poinciana regia: showy tropical tree or shrub native to Madagascar; widely planted in tropical regions for its immense racemes of scarlet and orange flowers; sometimes placed in genus Poinciana
poisonous plant: a plant that when touched or ingested in sufficient quantity can be harmful or fatal to an organism
pokeweed: perennial of the genus Phytolacca
Polanisia graveolens: strong-scented herb common in southern United States covered with intermixed gland and hairs
pole bean: a climbing bean plant that will climb a wall or tree or trellis
polemonium: any plant of the genus Polemonium; most are low-growing often foul-smelling plants of temperate to Arctic regions
Polemonium reptans: erect or spreading perennial of the eastern United States
Polemonium viscosum: tall herb of the Rocky Mountains having sticky leaves and an offensive smell
Polianthes tuberosa: a tuberous Mexican herb having grasslike leaves and cultivated for its spikes of highly fragrant lily-like waxy white flowers
pollard: a tree with limbs cut back to promote a more bushy growth of foliage
pollen: the fine spores that contain male gametes and that are borne by an anther in a flowering plant
pollen tube: (botany) a slender tubular outgrowth from a pollen grain when deposited on the stigma for a flower; it penetrates the style and conveys the male gametes to the ovule
pollinium: a coherent mass of pollen grains (as in orchids)
Polybotria cervina: tropical American terrestrial fern with leathery lanceolate fronds; sometimes placed in genus Polybotrya
Polygala alba: perennial bushy herb of central and southern United States having white flowers with green centers and often purple crest; similar to Seneca snakeroot
Polygala lutea: bog plant of pine barrens of southeastern United States having spikes of irregular yellow-orange flowers
Polygala paucifolia: common trailing perennial milkwort of eastern North America having leaves like wintergreen and usually rosy-purple flowers with winged sepals
Polygala vulgaris: small European perennial with numerous branches having racemes of blue, pink or white flowers; formerly reputed to promote human lactation
Polygonatum commutatum: North American perennial herb with smooth foliage and drooping tubular greenish flowers
Polygonum aubertii: twining perennial vine having racemes of fragrant greenish flowers; western China to Russia
Polygonum orientale: annual with broadly ovate leaves and slender drooping spikes of crimson flowers; southeastern Asia and Australia; naturalized in North America
Polymonium caeruleum van-bruntiae: pinnate-leaved European perennial having bright blue or white flowers
Polypodium aureum: tropical American fern with brown scaly rhizomes cultivated for its large deeply lobed deep bluish-green fronds; sometimes placed in genus Polypodium
Polypodium glycyrrhiza: fern having rootstock of a sweetish flavor
Polypodium polypodioides: fern growing on rocks or tree trunks and having fronds greyish and scurfy below; Americas and South Africa
Polypodium scouleri: stiff leathery-leaved fern of western North America having ovate fronds parted to the midrib
Polypodium virgianum: chiefly lithophytic or epiphytic fern of North America and east Asia
Polypodium vulgare: mat-forming lithophytic or terrestrial fern with creeping rootstocks and large pinnatifid fronds found throughout North America and Europe and Africa and east Asia
polypody: any of numerous ferns of the genus Polypodium
polypore: woody pore fungi; any fungus of the family Polyporaceae or family Boletaceae having the spore-bearing surface within tubes or pores; the fruiting bodies are usually woody at maturity and persistent
Polyporus frondosus: large greyish-brown edible fungus forming a mass of overlapping caps that somewhat resembles a hen at the base of trees
Polyporus squamosus: a fungus with a lateral stalk (when there is a stalk) and a scaly cap that becomes nearly black in maturity; widely distributed in the northern hemisphere
Polyporus tenuiculus: a fungus with a whitish kidney-shaped cap and elongated pores; causes white rot in dead hardwoods
Polystichum acrostichoides: North American evergreen fern having pinnate leaves and dense clusters of lance-shaped fronds
Polystichum aculeatum: tropical Old World fern having glossy fronds suggestive of holly; sometimes placed in genus Polystichum
Polystichum adiantiformis: widely distributed fern of tropical southern hemisphere having leathery pinnatifid fronds
Polystichum braunii: North American fern whose more or less evergreen leathery fronds are covered with pale brown chafflike scales
Polystichum lonchitis: evergreen European fern widely cultivated
Polystichum scopulinum: North American fern
Polystichum setiferum: European shield fern cultivated in many varieties
Pomaderris apetala: Australian tree grown especially for ornament and its fine-grained wood and bearing edible nuts
Poncirus trifoliata: small fast-growing spiny deciduous Chinese orange tree bearing sweetly scented flowers and decorative but inedible fruit: used as a stock in grafting and for hedges
pond-scum parasite: an aquatic fungus of genus Synchytriaceae that is parasitic on pond scum
pondweed: any of several submerged or floating freshwater perennial aquatic weeds belonging to the family Potamogetonaceae
Pongamia glabra: evergreen Asiatic tree having glossy pinnate leaves and racemose creamy-white scented flowers; used as a shade tree
Pontederia cordata: American plant having spikes of blue flowers and growing in shallow water of streams and ponds
poon: any of several East Indian trees of the genus Calophyllum having shiny leathery leaves and lightweight hard wood
poon: wood of any poon tree; used for masts and spars
poplar: soft light-colored non-durable wood of the poplar
poplar: any of numerous trees of north temperate regions having light soft wood and flowers borne in catkins
poppy: annual or biennial or perennial herbs having showy flowers
poppy mallow: a plant of the genus Callirhoe having palmately cleft leaves and white to red or purple flowers borne throughout the summer
Populus alba: a poplar that is widely cultivated in the United States; has white bark and leaves with whitish undersurfaces
Populus balsamifera: poplar of northeastern North America with broad heart-shaped leaves
Populus canescens: large rapidly growing poplar with faintly lobed dentate leaves grey on the lower surface; native to Europe but introduced and naturalized elsewhere
Populus grandidentata: aspen with a narrow crown; eastern North America
Populus heterophylla: North American poplar with large rounded scalloped leaves and brownish bark and wood
Populus nigra: large European poplar
Populus nigra italica: distinguished by its columnar fastigiate shape and erect branches
pore: a minute epidermal pore in a leaf or stem through which gases and water vapor can pass
Port Orford cedar: the wood of the Port Orford cedar tree
Portuguese heath: erect dense shrub native to western Iberian peninsula having profuse white or pink flowers; naturalized in southwestern England
portulaca: a plant of the genus Portulaca having pink or red or purple or white ephemeral flowers
Portulaca grandiflora: widely cultivated in many varieties for its fleshy moss-like foliage and profusion of brightly colored flowers
Portulaca oleracea: weedy trailing mat-forming herb with bright yellow flowers cultivated for its edible mildly acid leaves eaten raw or cooked especially in Indian and Greek and Middle Eastern cuisine; cosmopolitan
pot plant: a plant suitable for growing in a flowerpot (especially indoors)
Potamogeton americanus: pondweed with floating leaves; of northern United States and Europe
Potamogeton crispus: European herb naturalized in the eastern United States and California
Potamogeton gramineous: of Europe (except the Mediterranean area) and the northern United States
Potentilla anserina: low-growing perennial having leaves silvery beneath; northern United States; Europe; Asia
Poterium sanguisorba: European garden herb with purple-tinged flowers and leaves that are sometimes used for salads
pothos: any of various tropical lianas of the genus Scindapsus
Pouteria campechiana nervosa: tropical tree of Florida and West Indies yielding edible fruit
powdery mildew: any of various fungi of the genus Erysiphe producing powdery conidia on the host surface
prairie gourd: small hard green-and-white inedible fruit of the prairie gourd plant
prairie rocket: any of several North American plants of the genus Erysimum having large yellow flowers
prairie rocket: any of several western American plants of the genus Cheiranthus having large yellow flowers
Prenanthes alba: herb of northeastern North America having drooping clusters of yellowish-white flowers; sometimes placed in genus Prenanthes
Prenanthes purpurea: herb of central and southern Europe having purple florets
Prenanthes serpentaria: common perennial herb widely distributed in the southern and eastern United States having drooping clusters of pinkish flowers and thick basal leaves suggesting a lion's foot in shape; sometimes placed in genus Prenanthes
pricker: a small sharp-pointed tip resembling a spike on a stem or leaf
prickly ash: any of a number of trees or shrubs of the genus Zanthoxylum having spiny branches
prickly pear: cacti having spiny flat joints and oval fruit that is edible in some species; often used as food for stock
prickly-edged leaf: a leaf having prickly margins
pride of Bolivia: semi-evergreen South American tree with odd-pinnate leaves and golden yellow flowers cultivated as an ornamental
pride of California: shrubby California perennial having large pink or violet flowers; cultivated as an ornamental
primrose: any of numerous short-stemmed plants of the genus Primula having tufted basal leaves and showy flowers clustered in umbels or heads
Primula auricula: yellow-flowered primrose native to Alps; commonly cultivated
Primula elatior: Eurasian primrose with yellow flowers clustered in a one-sided umbel
Primula polyantha: florists' primroses; considered a complex hybrid derived from oxlip, cowslip, and common primrose
Primula sinensis: cultivated Asiatic primrose
Primula veris: early spring flower common in British isles having fragrant yellow or sometimes purple flowers
Primula vulgaris: plant of western and southern Europe widely cultivated for its pale yellow flowers
Prince-of-Wales feather: New Zealand with pinnate fronds and a densely woolly stalks; sometimes included in genus Todea
Prince-of-Wales'-heath: South African shrub grown for its profusion of white flowers
Pritzelago alpina: small tufted perennial herb of mountains of central and southern Europe having very small flowers of usually leafless stems; sometimes placed in genus Lepidium
privet: any of various Old World shrubs having smooth entire leaves and terminal panicles of small white flowers followed by small black berries; many used for hedges
Proboscidea arenaria: alternatively placed in genus Martynia
Proboscidea fragrans: a herbaceous plant of the genus Proboscidea
Proboscidea louisianica: annual of southern United States to Mexico having large whitish or yellowish flowers mottled with purple and a long curving beak
progymnosperm: an ancestral fossil type from which modern gymnosperms are thought to have derived
promycelium: the basidium of various fungi
prop root: a root that grows from and supports the stem above the ground in plants such as mangroves
prophyll: a plant structure resembling a leaf
Prosopis juliiflora: mesquite of Gulf Coast and Caribbean Islands from Mexico to Venezuela
Prosopis pubescens: shrub or small tree of southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico having spirally twisted pods
protea: any tropical African shrub of the genus Protea having alternate rigid leaves and dense colorful flower heads resembling cones
Protea cynaroides: South African shrub whose flowers when open are cup-shaped resembling artichokes
Protea mellifera: Australian shrub whose flowers yield honey copiously
Protium guianense: tropical American tree
Protium heptaphyllum: tropical American tree
Prumnopitys amara: a large fast-growing monoecious tropical evergreen tree having large glossy lanceolate leaves; of rain forests of Sumatra and Philippines to northern Queensland
Prumnopitys elegans: South American evergreen tree or shrub
Prumnopitys ferruginea: New Zealand conifer used for lumber; the dark wood is used for interior carpentry
Prumnopitys taxifolia: conifer of Australia and New Zealand
Prunella vulgaris: decumbent blue-flowered European perennial thought to possess healing properties; naturalized throughout North America
Prunus alleghaniensis: wild plum of northeastern United States having dark purple fruits with yellow flesh
Prunus angustifolia: small native American shrubby tree bearing small edible yellow to reddish fruit
Prunus armeniaca: temperate zone tree bearing downy yellow to rosy fruits
Prunus avium: large Eurasian tree producing small dark bitter fruit in the wild but edible sweet fruit under cultivation
Prunus capuli: Mexican black cherry tree having edible fruit
Prunus caroliniana: small flowering evergreen tree of southern United States
Prunus cerasifera: small Asiatic tree bearing edible red or yellow fruit
Prunus cerasus: rather small Eurasian tree producing red to black acid edible fruit
Prunus cerasus austera: any of several cultivated sour cherry trees bearing fruit with dark skin and juice
Prunus cerasus caproniana: any of several cultivated sour cherry trees bearing pale red fruit with colorless juice
Prunus cerasus marasca: Dalmatian bitter wild cherry tree bearing fruit whose juice is made into maraschino liqueur
Prunus dasycarpa: small hybrid apricot of Asia and Asia Minor having purplish twigs and white flowers following by inferior purple fruit
Prunus domestica: any of various widely distributed plums grown in the cooler temperate areas
Prunus domestica insititia: plum tree long cultivated for its edible fruit
Prunus glandulosa: small Chinese shrub with smooth unfurrowed dark red fruit grown especially for its red or pink or white flowers
Prunus ilicifolia: California evergreen wild plum with spiny leathery leaves and white flowers
Prunus incisa: shrubby Japanese cherry tree having pale pink blossoms
Prunus insititia: small wild or half-domesticated Eurasian plum bearing small ovoid fruit in clusters
Prunus japonica: woody oriental plant with smooth unfurrowed red fruit grown especially for its white or pale pink blossoms
Prunus laurocerasus: frequently cultivated Eurasian evergreen shrub or small tree having showy clusters of white flowers and glossy foliage and yielding oil similar to bitter almond oil
Prunus maritima: seacoast shrub of northeastern North America having showy white blossoms and edible purple fruit
Prunus mexicana: small tree of southwestern United States having purplish-red fruit sometimes cultivated as an ornamental for its large leaves
Prunus nigra: small tree native to northeastern North America having oblong orange-red fruit
Prunus pensylvanica: small shrubby North American wild cherry with small bright red acid fruit
Prunus persica: cultivated in temperate regions
Prunus persica nectarina: variety or mutation of the peach bearing fruit with smooth skin and (usually) yellow flesh
Prunus pumilla susquehanae: small straggling American cherry growing on sandy soil and having minute scarcely edible purplish-black fruit
Prunus salicina: small tree of China and Japan bearing large yellow to red plums usually somewhat inferior to European plums in flavor
Prunus serotina: large North American wild cherry with round black sour edible fruit
Prunus spinosa: a thorny Eurasian bush with plumlike fruits
Prunus subcordata: shrub of the Pacific coast of the United States bearing small red insipid fruit
Prunus subhirtella: shrub or tree native to Japan cultivated as an ornamental for its rose-pink flowers
Prunus triloba: deciduous Chinese shrub or small tree with often trilobed leaves grown for its pink-white flowers
Prunus virginiana: a common wild cherry of eastern North America having small bitter black berries favored by birds
Prunus virginiana demissa: chokecherry of western United States
Pseudobombax ellipticum: tree of Mexico to Guatemala having densely hairy flowers with long narrow petals clustered at ends of branches before leaves appear
pseudobulb: a solid bulblike enlargement of the stem of some orchids
Pseudocolus fusiformis: a stinkhorn of genus Pseudocolus; the fruiting body first resembles a small puffball that soon splits open to form a stalk with tapering arms that arch and taper to a common point
Pseudolarix amabilis: Chinese deciduous conifer resembling a larch with golden yellow leaves
pseudophloem: false phloem
Pseudotaxus chienii: yew of southeastern China, differing from the Old World yew in having white berries
Pseudotsuga macrocarpa: douglas fir of California having cones 4-8 inches long
Pseudotsuga menziesii: lofty douglas fir of northwestern North America having short needles and egg-shaped cones
Pseudowintera colorata: evergreen shrub or small tree whose foliage is conspicuously blotched with red and yellow and having small black fruits
Psidium guajava: small tropical American shrubby tree; widely cultivated in warm regions for its sweet globular yellow fruit
Psidium guineense: South American tree having fruit similar to the true guava
Psidium littorale: small tropical shrubby tree bearing small yellowish fruit
Psidium littorale longipes: small tropical shrubby tree bearing deep red oval fruit
psilophyte: any plant of the order Psilophytales: a savannah plant
psilophyton: any plant or fossil of the genus Psilophyton
Psilotum nudum: pantropical epiphytic or terrestrial whisk fern with usually dull yellow branches and minute leaves; America; Japan; Australia
Psophocarpus tetragonolobus: a tuberous twining annual vine bearing clusters of purplish flowers and pods with four jagged wings; Old World tropics
Psoralea esculenta: densely hairy perennial of central North America having edible tuberous roots
Psychopsis papilio: orchid of South America and Trinidad having large yellow and reddish-brown flowers; sometimes placed in genus Oncidium
Psychotria capensis: South African evergreen having hard tough wood
Pteridium aquilinum: large coarse fern often several feet high; essentially weed ferns; cosmopolitan
Pteridium esculentum: fern of southeastern Asia; not hardy in cold temperate regions
pteridosperm: an extinct seed-producing fernlike plant of the order Cycadofilicales (or group Pteridospermae)
Pteris cretica: cultivated in many varieties as houseplants
Pteris multifida: Asiatic fern introduced in America
Pteris serrulata: fern of North Africa and Azores and Canary Islands
Pterocarpus angolensis: deciduous South African tree having large odd-pinnate leaves and profuse fragrant orange-yellow flowers; yields a red juice and heavy strong durable wood
Pterocarpus indicus: tree native to southeastern Asia having reddish wood with a mottled or striped black grain
Pterocarpus macrocarpus: tree of India and Burma yielding a wood resembling mahogany
Pterocarpus marsupium: East Indian tree yielding a resin or extract often used medicinally and in e.g. tanning
Pterocarpus santalinus: tree of India and East Indies yielding a hard fragrant timber prized for cabinetwork and dark red heartwood used as a dyewood
Pterocarya fraxinifolia: medium-sized Caucasian much-branched tree distinguished from other walnut trees by its winged fruit
Pteropogon humboltianum: southern Australian plant having feathery hairs surrounding the fruit
Pterospermum acerifolium: Indian tree having fragrant nocturnal white flowers and yielding a reddish wood used for planking; often grown as an ornamental or shade tree
Puccinia graminis: rust fungus that attacks wheat
Pueraria lobata: fast-growing vine from eastern Asia having tuberous starchy roots and hairy trifoliate leaves and racemes of purple flowers followed by long hairy pods containing many seeds; grown for fodder and forage and root starch; widespread in the southern United States
puffball: any of various fungi of the family Lycoperdaceae whose round fruiting body discharges a cloud of spores when mature
Pulicaria dysenterica: hairy perennial Eurasian herb with yellow daisylike flowers reputed to destroy or drive away fleas
Pulsatilla occidentalis: of western North America
Punica granatum: shrub or small tree native to southwestern Asia having large red many-seeded fruit
purple-staining Cortinarius: a fungus with a reddish purple cap having a smooth slimy surface; close violet gills; all parts stain dark purple when bruised
purple-stemmed aster: a variety of aster
purslane: a plant of the family Portulacaceae having fleshy succulent obovate leaves often grown as a potherb or salad herb; a weed in some areas
Pycnanthemum virginianum: perennial herb of the eastern United States having inconspicuous greenish flowers and narrow leaves that are very aromatic when bruised
pycnidium: flask-shaped asexual structure containing conidia
pyinma: relatively hard durable timber from the Queen's crape myrtle; light reddish brown, smooth and lustrous
Pyracantha: any of various thorny shrubs of the genus Pyracantha bearing small white flowers followed by hard red or orange-red berries
pyrene: the small hard nutlet of a drupe or drupelet; the seed and the hard endocarp that surrounds it
pyrethrum: made of dried flower heads of pyrethrum plants
Pyrola elliptica: North American evergreen with small pinkish bell-shaped flowers and oblong leaves used formerly for shinplasters
Pyrola minor: the common wintergreen having many-flowered racemes of pink-tinged white flowers; Europe and North America
Pyrola rotundifolia: evergreen with rounded leaves and very fragrant creamy-white flowers; widely distributed in northern parts of Old and New Worlds
Pyrola rotundifolia americana: evergreen of eastern North America with leathery leaves and numerous white flowers
pyrola: any of several evergreen perennials of the genus Pyrola
Pyrularia pubera: shrub of southeastern United States parasitic on roots of hemlocks having sparse spikes of greenish flowers and pulpy drupes
Pyrus communis: Old World tree having sweet gritty-textured juicy fruit; widely cultivated in many varieties
pythium: any fungus of the genus Pythium
Pythium debaryanum: fungus causing damping off disease in seedlings
Pyxidanthera barbulata: creeping evergreen shrub having narrow overlapping leaves and early white star-shaped flowers; of the pine barrens of New Jersey and the Carolinas
pyxidium: fruit of such plants as the plantain; a capsule whose upper part falls off when the seeds are released
Quassia amara: handsome South American shrub or small tree having bright scarlet flowers and yielding a valuable fine-grained yellowish wood; yields the bitter drug quassia from its wood and bark
Queen Anne's lace: a widely naturalized Eurasian herb with finely cut foliage and white compound umbels of small white or yellowish flowers and thin yellowish roots
Queensland grass-cloth plant: Australian plant of genus Pipturus whose fiber is used in making cloth
Quercus arizonica: semi-evergreen shrub or small tree of Arizona and New Mexico having acorns with hemispherical cups
Quercus bicolor: large deciduous oak of the eastern United States with a flaky bark and leaves that have fewer lobes than other white oaks; yields heavy strong wood used in construction; thrives in wet soil
Quercus borealis: large symmetrical deciduous tree with rounded crown widely distributed in eastern North America; has large leaves with triangular spiny tipped lobes and coarse-grained wood less durable than that of white oaks
Quercus chrysolepis: medium-sized evergreen of southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico with oblong leathery often spiny-edged leaves
Quercus coccinea: medium-large deciduous tree with a thick trunk found in the eastern United States and southern Canada and having close-grained wood and deeply seven-lobed leaves turning scarlet in autumn
Quercus ellipsoidalis: small to medium deciduous oak of east central North America; leaves have sharply pointed lobes
Quercus falcata: large round-topped deciduous tree with spreading branches having narrow falcate leaves with deeply sinuate lobes and wood similar to that of northern red oaks; New Jersey to Illinois and southward
Quercus grosseserrata: oak with moderately light fine-grained wood; Japan
Quercus ilex: evergreen oak of southern Europe having leaves somewhat resembling those of holly; yields a hard wood
Quercus ilicifolia: shrubby oak of southeastern United States usually forming dense thickets
Quercus imbricaria: small deciduous tree of eastern and central United States having leaves that shine like laurel; wood is used in western states for shingles
Quercus incana: small semi-evergreen shrubby tree of southeastern United States having hairy young branchlets and leaves narrowing to a slender bristly point
Quercus laurifolia: large nearly semi-evergreen oak of southeastern United States; thrives in damp soil
Quercus lyrata: medium-large deciduous timber tree of central and southern United States; acorns deeply immersed in the cup and mature in first year
Quercus macrocarpa: medium to large deciduous oak of central and eastern North America with ovoid acorns deeply immersed in large fringed cups; yields tough close-grained wood
Quercus marilandica: a common scrubby deciduous tree of central and southeastern United States having dark bark and broad three-lobed (club-shaped) leaves; tends to form dense thickets
Quercus michauxii: medium to large deciduous tree of moist areas of southeastern United States similar to the basket oak
Quercus montana: medium to large deciduous tree of the eastern United States; its durable wood is used as timber or split and woven into baskets or chair seats
Quercus muehlenbergii: medium-sized deciduous tree of the eastern United States that yields a strong durable wood
Quercus myrtifolia: small evergreen shrub or tree of southeastern United States; often forms almost impenetrable thickets in sandy coastal areas
Quercus nigra: relatively tall deciduous water oak of southeastern United States often cultivated as a shade tree; thrives in wet soil
Quercus nuttalli: similar to the pin oak; grows in damp sites in Mississippi River basin
Quercus palustris: fast-growing medium to large pyramidal deciduous tree of northeastern United States and southeastern Canada having deeply pinnatifid leaves that turn bright red in autumn; thrives in damp soil
Quercus phellos: medium to large deciduous oak of the eastern United States having long lanceolate leaves and soft strong wood
Quercus prinoides: deciduous shrubby tree of northeastern and central United States having a sweet edible nut and often forming dense thickets
Quercus robur: medium to large deciduous European oak having smooth leaves with rounded lobes; yields hard strong light-colored wood
Quercus sessiliflora: deciduous European oak valued for its tough elastic wood
Quercus shumardii: large deciduous red oak of southern and eastern United States having large seven-lobed to nine-lobed elliptical leaves, large acorns and medium hard coarse-grained wood
Quercus stellata: small deciduous tree of eastern and central United States having dark green lyrate pinnatifid leaves and tough moisture-resistant wood used especially for fence posts
Quercus suber: medium-sized evergreen oak of southern Europe and northern Africa having thick corky bark that is periodically stripped to yield commercial cork
Quercus texana: small deciduous tree having the trunk branched almost from the base with spreading branches; Texas and southern Oklahoma
Quercus vaccinifolia: a low spreading or prostrate shrub of southwestern United States with small acorns and leaves resembling those of the huckleberry
Quercus variabilis: medium to large deciduous tree of China, Japan, and Korea having thick corky bark
Quercus velutina: medium to large deciduous timber tree of the eastern United States and southeastern Canada having dark outer bark and yellow inner bark used for tanning; broad five-lobed leaves are bristle-tipped
Quercus virginiana: medium-sized evergreen native to eastern North America to the east coast of Mexico; often cultivated as shade tree for it wide-spreading crown; extremely hard tough durable wood once used in shipbuilding
Quercus wizlizenii: a small shrubby evergreen tree of western North America similar to the coast live oak but occurring chiefly in foothills of mountain ranges removed from the coast; an important part of the chaparral
quickset: cuttings of plants set in the ground to grow as hawthorn for hedges or vines
quillwort: any of several spore-bearing aquatic or marsh plants having short rhizomes and leaves resembling quills; worldwide except Polynesia
quinquefoliate leaf: a compound leaf having five leaflets
quira: any of several tropical American trees some yielding economically important timber
raceme: usually elongate cluster of flowers along the main stem in which the flowers at the base open first
rachis: axis of a compound leaf or compound inflorescence
Radiigera fuscogleba: a fungus similar to an earthstar except that it does not open up; the spore mass is brown at maturity with a column of sterile tissue extending up into it
radish: pungent edible root of any of various cultivated radish plants
radish: a cruciferous plant of the genus Raphanus having a pungent edible root
raffia: fiber of a raffia palm used as light cordage and in making hats and baskets
Raffia farinifera: a large feather palm of Africa and Madagascar having very long pinnatisect fronds yielding a strong commercially important fiber from its leafstalks
Raffia taedigera: a tall Brazilian feather palm with a terminal crown of very large leathery pinnatisect leaves rising from long strong stems used for structural purposes
Raffia vinifera: a palm of the genus Raffia
rainbow cactus: a stout cylindrical cactus of the southwest United States and adjacent Mexico
Ranunculus acris: perennial European buttercup with yellow spring flowers widely naturalized especially in eastern North America
Ranunculus aquatilis: plant of ponds and slow streams having submerged and floating leaves and white flowers; Europe and North America
Ranunculus bulbosus: perennial Old World buttercup with golden to sulphur yellow flowers in late spring to early summer; naturalized in North America
Ranunculus ficaria: perennial herb native to Europe but naturalized elsewhere having heart-shaped leaves and yellow flowers resembling buttercups; its tuberous roots have been used as a poultice to relieve piles
Ranunculus flammula: semiaquatic Eurasian perennial crowfoot with leaves shaped like spears; naturalized in New Zealand
Ranunculus glaberrimus: small early-flowering buttercup with shiny yellow flowers of western North America
Ranunculus lingua: semiaquatic European crowfoot with leaves shaped like spears
Ranunculus lyalii: showy white-flowered perennial of New Zealand
Ranunculus occidentalis: perennial of western North America
Ranunculus repens: perennial European herb with long creeping stolons
Ranunculus sceleratus: annual herb growing in marshy places
Raoulia lutescens: perennial prostrate mat-forming herb with hoary woolly foliage
rapeseed: seed of rape plants; source of an edible oil
Raphanus raphanistrum: Eurasian weed having yellow or mauve or white flowers and podlike fruits
Raphanus sativus: Eurasian plant widely cultivated for its edible pungent root usually eaten raw
Raphanus sativus longipinnatus: radish of Japan with a long hard durable root eaten raw or cooked
raspberry: woody brambles bearing usually red but sometimes black or yellow fruits that separate from the receptacle when ripe and are rounder and smaller than blackberries
Ratibida columnaris: coneflower with flower heads resembling a Mexican hat with a tall red-brown disk and drooping yellow or yellow and red-brown rays; grows in the great plains along base of Rocky Mountains
Ratibida columnifera: plant similar to the Mexican hat coneflower; from British Columbia to New Mexico
Ratibida tagetes: coneflower of central to southwestern United States
rattan: the stem of various climbing palms of the genus Calamus and related genera used to make wickerwork and furniture and canes
rattlesnake orchid: any of various orchids of the genus Pholidota having numerous white to brown flowers in spiraling racemes clothed in slightly inflated bracts and resembling a rattlesnake's tail
rattlesnake root: a plant of the genus Nabalus
rauvolfia: any shrub or small tree of the genus Rauwolfia having leaves in whorls and cymose flowers; yield substances used medicinally especially as emetics or purgatives or antihypertensives
Rauwolfia serpentina: East Indian climbing shrub with twisted limbs and roots resembling serpents
Ravenala madagascariensis: giant treelike plant having edible nuts and leafstalks that yield a refreshing drink of clear watery sap; reputedly an emergency source of water for travelers
ray: a branch of an umbel or an umbelliform inflorescence
ray floret: small flower with a flat strap-shaped corolla usually occupying the peripheral rings of a composite flower
receptacle: enlarged tip of a stem that bears the floral parts
red buckeye: a shrub buckeye of southern United States
red cabbage: cabbage plant with a compact head of reddish purple leaves
red cedar: fragrant reddish wood of any of various red cedar trees
red lauan: hard heavy red wood of the red lauan tree; often sold as Philippine mahogany
red oak: any of numerous American oaks having 4 stamens in each floret, acorns requiring two years to mature and leaf veins usually extending beyond the leaf margin to form points or bristles
red raspberry: any of several raspberries bearing red fruit
red sandalwood: hard durable wood of red sandalwood trees (Pterocarpus santalinus); prized for cabinetwork
red shrubby penstemon: low branching dark green shrub with bunches of brick-red flowers at ends of branches; coastal ranges and foothills of northern California
redwood: the soft reddish wood of either of two species of sequoia trees
redwood: either of two huge coniferous California trees that reach a height of 300 feet; sometimes placed in the Taxodiaceae
reed: tall woody perennial grasses with hollow slender stems especially of the genera Arundo and Phragmites
reed grass: any of various tall perennial grasses of the genus Calamagrostis having feathery plumes; natives of marshland fens and wet woodlands of temperate northern hemisphere
Regnellidium diphyllum: small latex-containing aquatic fern of southern Brazil
rein orchid: any of several American wildflowers with a kidney-shaped lip
relict: an organism or species surviving as a remnant of an otherwise extinct flora or fauna in an environment much changed from that in which it originated
reniform leaf: a simple kidney-shaped leaf
reproductive structure: the parts of a plant involved in its reproduction
reseda: any plant of the genus Reseda
Reseda luteola: European mignonette cultivated as a source of yellow dye; naturalized in North America
Reseda odorata: Mediterranean woody annual widely cultivated for its dense terminal spikelike clusters greenish or yellowish white flowers having an intense spicy fragrance
resting spore: a spore of certain algae or fungi that lies dormant; may germinate after a prolonged period
Rhamnus carolinianus: deciduous shrub of eastern and central United States having black berrylike fruit; golden-yellow in autumn
Rhamnus croceus: small spiny evergreen shrub of western United States and Mexico with minute flowers and bright red berries
Rhamnus frangula: small tree common in Europe
Rhamnus purshianus: shrubby tree of the Pacific coast of the United States; yields cascara sagrada
Rhapis excelsa: small graceful palm with reedlike stems and leaf bases clothed with loose coarse fibers
Rhapis humilis: Chinese lady palm with more slender stems and finer sheath fibers than Rhapis excelsa
Rheum rhabarbarum: long cultivated hybrid of Rheum palmatum; stems often cooked in pies or as sauce or preserves
rhizoctinia: any fungus now or formerly belonging to the form genus Rhizoctinia
rhizoid: any of various slender filaments that function as roots in mosses and ferns and fungi etc
rhizomatous begonia: any of numerous begonias having prominent shaggy creeping stems or rhizomes
rhizome: a horizontal plant stem with shoots above and roots below serving as a reproductive structure
rhizomorph: a dense mass of hyphae forming a root-like structure characteristic of many fungi
Rhizophora mangle: a tropical tree or shrub bearing fruit that germinates while still on the tree and having numerous prop roots that eventually form an impenetrable mass and are important in land building
Rhizopogon idahoensis: a large whitish Rhizopogon that becomes greyish brown in maturity
rhizopus: any of various rot causing fungi of the genus Rhizopus
Rhizopus nigricans: a mold of the genus Rhizopus
Rhizopus stolonifer: fungus causing soft watery rot in fruits and vegetables and rings of dry rot around roots of sweet potatoes
Rhode Island bent: common grass with slender stems and narrow leaves
rhododendron: any shrub of the genus Rhododendron: evergreen shrubs or small shrubby trees having leathery leaves and showy clusters of campanulate (bell-shaped) flowers
Rhododendron californicum: medium-sized rhododendron of Pacific coast of North America having large rosy brown-spotted flowers
Rhododendron maxima: late-spring-blooming rhododendron of eastern North America having rosy to pink-purple flowers
Rhododendron viscosum: shrub growing in swamps throughout the eastern United States and having small white to pinkish flowers resembling honeysuckle
Rhodosphaera rhodanthema: evergreen of Australia yielding a dark yellow wood
rhubarb: plants having long green or reddish acidic leafstalks growing in basal clumps; stems (and only the stems) are edible when cooked; leaves are poisonous
Rhus aromatica: sweet-scented sumac of eastern America having ternate leaves and yellowish-green flowers in spikes resembling catkins followed by red hairy fruits
Rhus copallina: common nonpoisonous shrub of eastern North America with compound leaves and green paniculate flowers followed by red berries
Rhus glabra: common nonpoisonous shrub of eastern North America with waxy compound leaves and green paniculate flowers followed by red berries
Rhus ovata: evergreen shrub of southeastern United States with spikes of reddish yellow flowers and glandular hairy fruits
Rhus trilobata: deciduous shrub of California with unpleasantly scented usually trifoliate leaves and edible fruit
ribbon-leaved water plantain: a variety of water plantain
Ribes grossularia: spiny Eurasian shrub having greenish purple-tinged flowers and ovoid yellow-green or red-purple berries
Ribes rubrum: cultivated European current bearing small edible red berries
Ribes sanguineum: a flowering shrub
Ribes sativum: garden currant bearing small white berries
rice: annual or perennial rhizomatous marsh grasses; seed used for food; straw used for paper
rice grass: any grass of the genus Oryzopsis
Richardson's geranium: geranium of western North America having branched clusters of white or pale pink flowers
Richea pandanifolia: gaunt Tasmanian evergreen shrubby tree with slender tapering leaves 3 to 5 feet long
Ricinus communis: large shrub of tropical Africa and Asia having large palmate leaves and spiny capsules containing seeds that are the source of castor oil and ricin; widely naturalized throughout the tropics
Riesling: white grape grown in Europe and California
Rivina humilis: bushy houseplant having white to pale pink flowers followed by racemes of scarlet berries; tropical Americas
Robinia hispida: large shrub or small tree of the eastern United States having bristly stems and large clusters of pink flowers
Robinia pseudoacacia: large thorny tree of eastern and central United States having pinnately compound leaves and drooping racemes of white flowers; widely naturalized in many varieties in temperate regions
Robinia viscosa: small rough-barked locust of southeastern United States having racemes of pink flowers and glutinous branches and seeds
Roccella tinctoria: a source of the dye archil and of litmus
rock brake: dwarf deciduous lithophytic ferns
rock cress: any of several rock-loving cresses of the genus Arabis
rock plant: plant that grows on or among rocks or is suitable for a rock garden
rock purslane: a plant of the genus Calandrinia
rock rose: small shrubs of scrub and dry woodland regions of southern Europe and North Africa; grown for their showy flowers and soft often downy and aromatic evergreen foliage
rock rose: any of numerous varieties of helianthemums having small rose-like yellow or white or reddish flowers
Rockingham podocarp: large Australian tree with straight-grained yellow wood that turns brown on exposure
Rocky Mountain bee plant: plant of western North America having trifoliate leaves and white or pink spider-shaped flowers; sometimes used as an ornamental
Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine: small slow-growing upland pine of western United States (Rocky Mountains) having dense branches with fissured rust-brown bark and short needles in bunches of 5 and thorn-tipped cone scales; among the oldest living things some over 4500 years old
Rocky Mountain dogbane: North American plant similar to common dogbane
Rocky mountain pinon: small compact two-needled pinon of southwestern United States; important as a nut pine
Rocky Mountains cherry: dwarf ornamental shrub of western United States having large black to red and yellow sweet edible fruit
Rocky-mountain maple: small maple of northwestern North America
Roman coriander: herb of the Mediterranean region having pungent seeds used like those of caraway
root: (botany) the usually underground organ that lacks buds or leaves or nodes; absorbs water and mineral salts; usually it anchors the plant to the ground
root cap: thimble-shaped mass of cells covering and protecting the growing tip of a root
root climber: a plant that climbs by its adventitious roots e.g. ivy
root crop: crop grown for its enlarged roots: e.g. beets; potatoes; turnips
root hair: thin hairlike outgrowth of an epidermal cell just behind the tip; absorbs nutrients from the soil
root system: a developed system of roots
rootlet: small root or division of a root
rootstock: root or part of a root used for plant propagation; especially that part of a grafted plant that supplies the roots
roridula: either of 2 species of the genus Roridula; South African viscid perennial low-growing woody shrubs
Rorippa islandica: annual or biennial cress growing in damp places sometimes used in salads or as a potherb; troublesome weed in some localities
Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum: perennial Eurasian cress growing chiefly in springs or running water having fleshy pungent leaves used in salads or as a potherb or garnish; introduced in North America and elsewhere
Rosa banksia: Chinese evergreen climbing rose with yellow or white single flowers
Rosa canina: prickly wild rose with delicate pink or white scentless flowers; native to Europe
Rosa chinensis: shrubby Chinese rose; ancestor of many cultivated garden roses
Rosa damascena: large hardy very fragrant pink rose; cultivated in Asia Minor as source of attar of roses; parent of many hybrids
Rosa eglanteria: Eurasian rose with prickly stems and fragrant leaves and bright pink flowers followed by scarlet hips
Rosa laevigata: Chinese climbing rose with fragrant white blossoms
Rosa moschata: rose native to Mediterranean region having curved or climbing branches and loose clusters of musky-scented flowers
Rosa multiflora: vigorously growing rose having clusters of numerous small flowers; used for hedges and as grafting stock
Rosa odorata: any of several hybrid bush roses derived from a tea-scented Chinese rose with pink or yellow flowers
Rosa pendulina: European alpine rose with crimson flowers
Rosa spithamaea: low-growing bristly shrub of southern Oregon and California with creeping rootstocks and usually corymbose flowers
rose: any of many shrubs of the genus Rosa that bear roses
rosebud: the bud of a rose
rosette: a cluster of leaves growing in crowded circles from a common center or crown (usually at or close to the ground)
rosewood: hard dark reddish wood of a rosewood tree having a strongly marked grain; used in cabinetwork
rosewood: any of those hardwood trees of the genus Dalbergia that yield rosewood--valuable cabinet woods of a dark red or purplish color streaked and variegated with black
rosid dicot family: a family of dicotyledonous plants
rosid dicot genus: a genus of dicotyledonous plants
Rosmarinus officinalis: widely cultivated for its fragrant grey-green leaves used in cooking and in perfumery
rough-leaved aster: a variety of aster
rough-stemmed goldenrod: a variety of goldenrod
rowanberry: decorative red berrylike fruit of a rowan tree
Roystonea oleracea: West Indian palm with leaf buds that are edible when young
Roystonea regia: tall feather palm of southern Florida and Cuba
Rubia cordifolia: perennial East Indian creeping or climbing herb used for dye in the orient
Rubia tinctorum: Eurasian herb having small yellow flowers and red roots formerly an important source of the dye alizarin
Rubus chamaemorus: creeping raspberry of north temperate regions with yellow or orange berries
Rubus cissoides: stout-stemmed trailing shrub of New Zealand that scrambles over other growth
Rubus cuneifolius: stiff shrubby blackberry of the eastern United States (Connecticut to Florida)
Rubus fruticosus: the true blackberry of Europe as well as any of numerous varieties having sweet edible black or dark purple berries
Rubus hispidus: of eastern North America
Rubus idaeus strigosus: red raspberry of North America
Rubus occidentalis: raspberry native to eastern North America having black thimble-shaped fruit
Rubus odoratus: shrubby raspberry of eastern North America having showy rose to purplish flowers and red or orange thimble-shaped fruit
Rubus parviflorus: white-flowered raspberry of western North America and northern Mexico with thimble-shaped orange berries
Rubus phoenicolasius: raspberry of China and Japan having pale pink flowers grown for ornament and for the small red acid fruits
Rubus saxatilis: European trailing bramble with red berrylike fruits
Rubus spectabilis: large erect red-flowered raspberry of western North America having large pinkish-orange berries
Rubus ursinus: American blackberry with oblong black fruit
Rubus ursinus loganobaccus: red-fruited bramble native from Oregon to Baja California
Rudbeckia laciniata: tall leafy plant with erect branches ending in large yellow flower heads with downward-arching rays; grow in Rocky Mountains south to Arizona and east to the Atlantic coast
Rudbeckia laciniata hortensia: very tall branching herb with showy much-doubled yellow flower heads
Rudbeckia serotina: the state flower of Maryland; of central and southeastern United States; having daisylike flowers with dark centers and yellow to orange rays
Rufous rubber cup: a common name for a variety of Sarcosomataceae
Rumex acetosa: European sorrel with large slightly acidic sagittate leaves grown throughout north temperate zone for salad and spring greens
Rumex acetosella: small plant having pleasantly acid-tasting arrow-shaped leaves; common in dry places
Rumex obtusifolius: European dock with broad obtuse leaves and bitter rootstock common as a weed in North America
Rumex scutatus: low perennial with small silvery-green ovate to hastate leaves
runcinate leaf: a leaf having incised margins with the lobes or teeth curved toward the base; as a dandelion leaf
rupestral plant: plants growing among rocks
Ruptiliocarpon caracolito: large Costa Rican tree having light-colored wood suitable for cabinetry; similar to the African lepidobotrys in wood structure as well as in fruit and flowers and leaves and seeds; often classified in other families
Ruscus aculeatus: shrub with stiff flattened stems resembling leaves (cladophylls); used for making brooms
rush: grasslike plants growing in wet places and having cylindrical often hollow stems
rush aster: a variety of aster
rush grass: grass having wiry stems and sheathed panicles
rust: any of various fungi causing rust disease in plants
Ruta graveolens: European strong-scented perennial herb with grey-green bitter-tasting leaves; an irritant similar to poison ivy
Rydberg's penstemon: plant with whorls of small dark blue-violet flowers; Washington to Wyoming and south to California and Colorado
rye: the seed of the cereal grass
rye ergot: a sclerotium or hardened mass of mycelium
rye grass: any of several annual or perennial Eurasian grasses
Sabal palmetto: low-growing fan-leaved palm of coastal southern United States having edible leaf buds
sabbatia: any of various plants of the genus Sabbatia having usually pink cymose flowers; occur from acid bogs to brackish marshes
Sabbatia Angularis: any of several pink-flowered marsh plant of the eastern United States resembling a true centaury
Sabbatia campestris: prairie herb with solitary lilac-colored flowers
sabicu: the wood of the sabicu which resembles mahogany
Sabinea carinalis: small Dominican tree bearing masses of large crimson flowers before the fine pinnate foliage emerges
sac fungus: any of various ascomycetous fungi in which the spores are formed in a sac or ascus
sac: a case or sheath especially a pollen sac or moss capsule
Saccharomyces cerevisiae: used as a leaven in baking and brewing
Saccharomyces ellipsoides: used in making wine
Saccharum bengalense: tough Asiatic grass whose culms are used for ropes and baskets
Saccharum officinarum: tall tropical southeast Asian grass having stout fibrous jointed stalks; sap is a chief source of sugar
safflower oil: oil from safflower seeds used as food as well as in medicines and paints
safflower seed: seed of the safflower
sage brush: any of several North American composite subshrubs of the genera Artemis or Seriphidium
sage: any of various plants of the genus Salvia; a cosmopolitan herb
sagittate-leaf: a leaf shaped like an arrow head
sago palm: any of various tropical Asian palm trees the trunks of which yield sago
Saint Peter's wreath: shrub having copious small white flowers in spring
Saint-Bernard's-lily: southern European plant commonly cultivated for its spikes of small starry greenish-white flowers
Saintpaulia ionantha: tropical African plant cultivated as a houseplant for its violet or white or pink flowers
Salicornia europaea: fleshy maritime plant having fleshy stems with rudimentary scalelike leaves and small spikes of minute flowers; formerly used in making glass
Salix alba caerulea: Eurasian willow tree having greyish leaves and ascending branches
Salix alba sericea: North American willow with greyish silky pubescent leaves that usually blacken in drying
Salix alba vitellina: European willow having greyish leaves and yellow-orange twigs used in basketry
Salix amygdalina: Old World willow with light green leaves cultivated for use in basketry
Salix amygdaloides: willow of the western United States with leaves like those of peach or almond trees
Salix arctica: low creeping shrub of Arctic Europe and America
Salix candida: North American shrub with whitish canescent leaves
Salix caprea: much-branched Old World willow having large catkins and relatively large broad leaves
Salix cinerea: Eurasian shrubby willow with whitish tomentose twigs
Salix discolor: small willow of eastern North America having greyish leaves and silky catkins that come before the leaves
Salix fragilis: large willow tree with stiff branches that are easily broken
Salix herbacea: widely distributed boreal shrubby willow with partially underground creeping stems and bright green glossy leaves
Salix humilis: slender shrubby willow of dry areas of North America
Salix lasiolepis: shrubby willow of the western United States
Salix lucida: common North American shrub with shiny lanceolate leaves
Salix nigra: North American shrubby willow having dark bark and linear leaves growing close to streams and lakes
Salix pentandra: European willow tree with shining leathery leaves; widely naturalized in the eastern United States
Salix purpurea: Eurasian osier having reddish or purple twigs and bark rich in tannin
Salix pyrifolia: small shrubby tree of eastern North America having leaves exuding an odor of balsam when crushed
Salix repens: small trailing bush of Europe and Asia having straggling branches with silky green leaves of which several varieties are cultivated
Salix sitchensis: small shrubby tree of western North America (Alaska to Oregon)
Salix tristis: willow shrub of dry places in the eastern United States having long narrow leaves canescent beneath
Salix uva-ursi: dwarf prostrate mat-forming shrub of Arctic and alpine regions of North America and Greenland having deep green elliptic leaves that taper toward the base
Salix viminalis: willow with long flexible twigs used in basketry
sallow: any of several Old World shrubby broad-leaved willows having large catkins; some are important sources for tanbark and charcoal
Salpichroa organifolia: weedy vine of Argentina having solitary white flowers followed by egg-shaped white or yellow fruit
salpiglossis: any plant of the genus Salpiglossis
Salpiglossis sinuata: Chilean herb having velvety funnel-shaped yellowish or violet flowers with long tonguelike styles at the corolla throat
Salsola kali tenuifolia: prickly bushy Eurasian plant; a troublesome weed in central and western United States
Salsola soda: bushy plant of Old World salt marshes and sea beaches having prickly leaves; burned to produce a crude soda ash
saltbush: any of various shrubby plants of the genus Atriplex that thrive in dry alkaline soil
Salvadora persica: glabrous or pubescent evergreen shrub or tree of the genus Salvadora; twigs are fibrous and in some parts of the world are bound together in clusters and used as a toothbrush; shoots are used as camel fodder; plant ash provides salt
Salvia azurea: blue-flowered sage of dry prairies of the eastern United States
Salvia clarea: stout Mediterranean sage with white or pink or violet flowers; yields oil used as a flavoring and in perfumery
Salvia divinorum: an herb from Oaxaca that has a powerful hallucinogenic effect; the active ingredient is salvinorin
Salvia farinacea: Texas sage having intensely blue flowers
Salvia lancifolia: sage of western North America to Central America having violet-blue flowers; widespread in cultivation
Salvia leucophylla: silvery-leaved California herb with purple flowers
Salvia lyrata: sage of eastern United States
Salvia officinalis: shrubby plant with aromatic greyish-green leaves used as a cooking herb
Salvia pratensis: tall perennial Old World salvia with violet-blue flowers; found in open grasslands
Salvia sclarea: aromatic herb of southern Europe; cultivated in Great Britain as a potherb and widely as an ornamental
Salvia spathacea: California erect and sparsely branched perennial
Salvia verbenaca: Eurasian sage with blue flowers and foliage like verbena; naturalized in United States
Salvinia rotundifolia: free-floating aquatic ferns
Sambucus caerulea: shrub or small tree of western United States having white flowers and blue berries; fruit used in wines and jellies
Sambucus canadensis: common elder of central and eastern North America bearing purple-black berries; fruit used in wines and jellies
Sambucus ebulus: dwarf herbaceous elder of Europe having pink flowers and a nauseous odor
Sambucus nigra: a common shrub with black fruit or a small tree of Europe and Asia; fruit used for wines and jellies
Samolus parviflorus: American water pimpernel
Samolus valerandii: water pimpernel of Europe to China
sand verbena: any of various plants of the genus Abronia of western North America and Mexico having flowers resembling verbena
sandalwood: close-grained fragrant yellowish heartwood of the true sandalwood; has insect repelling properties and is used for carving and cabinetwork
sandarac: a brittle and faintly aromatic translucent resin used in varnishes
sandwort: low-growing chiefly perennial plant usually with small white flowers suitable for e.g. rock gardens
Sanguinaria canadensis: perennial woodland native of North America having a red root and red sap and bearing a solitary lobed leaf and white flower in early spring and having acrid emetic properties; rootstock used as a stimulant and expectorant
sanicle: a plant of the genus Sanicula having palmately compound leaves and unisexual flowers in panicled umbels followed by bristly fruit; reputed to have healing powers
Sanicula arctopoides: sanicle of northwestern United States and British Columbia having yellow flowers
Sanicula bipinnatifida: sanicle of northwestern United States and British Columbia having yellow or red or purple flowers
Sanicula Europaea: sanicle of Europe and Asia having white to pale pink flowers
Sansevieria trifasciata: stemless plant having narrow rigid leaves often cultivated as a houseplant
Sansevieria zeylanica: plant having thick fibrous leaves transversely banded in light and dark green
Santalum album: parasitic tree of Indonesia and Malaysia having fragrant close-grained yellowish heartwood with insect repelling properties and used, e.g., for making chests
Santolina chamaecyparissus: branching aromatic Mediterranean shrub with woolly stems and leaves and yellow flowers
Sanvitalia procumbens: low-branching leafy annual with flower heads resembling zinnias; found in southwestern United States and Mexico to Guatemala
Sapindus marginatus: deciduous tree of southwestern United States having pulpy fruit containing saponin
Sapindus saponaria: evergreen of tropical America having pulpy fruit containing saponin which was used as soap by Native Americans
sapling: young tree
Saponaria officinalis: plant of European origin having pink or white flowers and leaves yielding a detergent when bruised
saprobe: an organism that lives in and derives its nourishment from organic matter in stagnant or foul water
Saprolegnia ferax: a fungus that attacks living fish and tadpoles and spawn causing white fungus disease: a coating of white hyphae on especially peripheral parts (as fins)
saprophyte: an organism that feeds on dead organic matter especially a fungus or bacterium
sapwood: newly formed outer wood lying between the cambium and the heartwood of a tree or woody plant; usually light colored; active in water conduction
Sarcobatus vermiculatus: low hardy much-branched spiny shrub common in alkaline soils of western America
Sarcocephalus diderrichii: large African forest tree yielding a strong hard yellow to golden brown lumber; sometimes placed in genus Sarcocephalus
Sarcocephalus latifolius: a stout spreading or semi-climbing tropical shrub with round brownish-red warty fruit; Africa
Sarcochilus falcatus: diminutive Australian orchid with loose racemes of fragrant white flowers with purple and orange markings on the lip
Sarcodes sanguinea: a fleshy bright red saprophytic plant of the mountains of western North America that appears in early spring while snow is on the ground
Sarcoscypha coccinea: a discomycete that is a harbinger of spring; the fruiting body is thin and tough and saucer-shaped (about the size of quarter to a half dollar) with a deep bright red upper surface and a whitish exterior
Sarcosomataceae: a type of ascomycetous fungus
Sarcostemma acidum: leafless East Indian vine; its sour milky juice formerly used to make an intoxicating drink
Sarracenia flava: pitcher plant of southeastern United States having erect yellow trumpet-shaped pitchers with wide mouths and erect lids
Sarracenia minor: yellow-flowered pitcher plant of southeastern United States having trumpet-shaped leaves with the orifice covered with an arched hood
Sarracenia purpurea: perennial bog herb having dark red flowers and decumbent broadly winged pitchers forming a rosette; of northeastern North America and naturalized in Europe especially Ireland
sarsaparilla: any of various prickly climbing plants of the tropical American genus Smilax having aromatic roots and heart-shaped leaves
sarsaparilla root: dried root of any of various plants of the genus Smilax used as a flavoring agent
Sassafras albidum: yellowwood tree with brittle wood and aromatic leaves and bark; source of sassafras oil; widely distributed in eastern North America
sassafras oil: oil from root bark of sassafras trees; used in perfumery and as a disinfectant
satinwood: hard yellowish wood of a satinwood tree having a satiny luster; used for fine cabinetwork and tools
satsuma: a variety of mandarin orange
Satureja acinos: fragrant European mint having clusters of small violet-and-white flowers; naturalized especially in eastern North America
Satureja calamintha glandulosa: low-growing strongly aromatic perennial herb of southern Europe to Great Britain; naturalized in United States
Satureja calamintha officinalis: mint-scented perennial of central and southern Europe
Satureja hortensis: erect annual herb with oval leaves and pink flowers; used to flavor e.g. meats or soups or salads; southeastern Europe and naturalized elsewhere
Satureja montana: erect perennial subshrub having pink or white flowers and leathery leaves with a flavor of thyme; southern Europe
Saururus cernuus: North American herbaceous perennial of wet places having slender curled racemes of small white flowers
Saussurea costus: annual herb of the eastern Himalayas (Kashmir) having purple florets and a fragrant root that yields a volatile oil used in perfumery and for preserving furs
Sauvignon blanc: white wine grape grown in California
Sauvignon grape: small blue-black grape of Medoc region of France highly prized in winemaking
savory: any of several aromatic herbs or subshrubs of the genus Satureja having spikes of flowers attractive to bees
savoy cabbage: cabbage plant with a compact head of crinkled leaves
Saxe-gothea conspicua: small yew having attractive foliage and partially weeping branches cultivated as an ornamental; mountains of southern Chile
Saxifraga aizoides: tufted evergreen perennial having ciliate leaves and yellow corymbose flowers often spotted orange
Saxifraga hypnoides: tufted or mat-forming perennial of mountains of Europe; cultivated for its white flowers
Saxifraga occidentalis: saxifrage having loose clusters of white flowers on hairy stems growing from a cluster of basal leaves; moist slopes of western North America
Saxifraga oppositifolia: plants forming dense cushions with bright reddish-lavender flowers; rocky areas of Europe and Asia and western North America
Saxifraga stellaris: small often mat-forming alpine plant having small starlike white flowers; Europe
Saxifraga stolonifera: eastern Asiatic saxifrage with racemes of small red-and-white flowers; spreads by numerous creeping stolons
Scabiosa arvensis: perennial having bluish-lilac flowers; introduced in the eastern United States
Scabiosa atropurpurea: Old World annual having fragrant purple to deep crimson flower heads; naturalized in United States
scabiosa: any of various plants of the genus Scabiosa
scale: a specialized leaf or bract that protects a bud or catkin
scammony: resin from the root of Convolvulus scammonia
Schefflera actinophylla: erect evergreen shrub or small tree of Australia and northern New Guinea having palmately compound leaves
Schinus chichita: small resinous tree or shrub of Brazil
Schinus terebinthifolius: small Brazilian evergreen resinous tree or shrub having dark green leaflets and white flowers followed by bright red fruit; used as a street tree and lawn specimen
Schizachyrium scoparium: handsome hardy North American grass with foliage turning pale bronze in autumn
Schizaea pusilla: rare small fern of northeastern North America having numerous slender spiraling fronds and forming dense tufts
schizocarp: a dry dehiscent fruit that at maturity splits into two or more parts each with a single seed
Schizopetalon walkeri: a dainty South American annual having deeply pinnatifid leaves and racemes of fringed almond-scented purple-white flowers
Schizophragma hydrangeoides: climbing shrub with adhesive aerial roots having opposite leaves and small white flowers in terminal cymes; Himalayas to Taiwan and Japan
Schlumbergera baridgesii: epiphytic cactus of Brazilian ancestry widely cultivated as a houseplant having jointed flat segments and usually rose-purple flowers that bloom in winter
Schlumbergera gaertneri: spring-blooming South American cactus with oblong joints and coral-red flowers; sometimes placed in genus Schlumbergera
Schlumbergera truncatus: South American jointed cactus with usually red flowers; often cultivated as a houseplant; sometimes classified as genus Schlumbergera
Schreiber's aster: a variety of aster
Sciadopitys verticillata: tall evergreen having a symmetrical spreading crown and needles growing in whorls that resemble umbrellas at ends of twigs
Scilla verna: European scilla with small blue or purple flowers
scilla: an Old World plant of the genus Scilla having narrow basal leaves and pink or blue or white racemose flowers
Scindapsus aureus: evergreen liana widely cultivated for its variegated foliage
Scirpus acutus: widely distributed North American sedge having rigid olive green stems
Scirpus cyperinus: sedge of eastern North America having numerous clustered woolly spikelets
Scleranthus annuus: widely distributed low-growing Eurasian herb having narrow leaves and inconspicuous green flowers
Scleroderma aurantium: an earthball fungus that is a dingy brownish yellow and a dark purplish interior; the peridium is covered with a pattern of small warts
Scleroderma bovista: an earthball with a peridium that is firm dry and smooth when young but developing cracks when mature; pale orange-yellow when young and reddish brown at maturity
Scleroderma flavidium: an earthball with a smooth upper surface that is at first buried in sand; the top of the fruiting body opens up to form segments like the ray of an umbel
sclerotinia: any fungus of the genus Sclerotinia; some causing brown rot diseases in plants
sclerotium: compact usually dark-colored mass of hardened mycelium constituting a vegetative food-storage body in various true fungi; detaches when mature and can give rise to new growth
scolopendrium: a fern thought to resemble a millipede
Scolopendrium nigripes: a fern of the genus Schaffneria
Scopolia carniolica: herb that is a source of scopolamine
scorpioid cyme: a cyme with flowers or branches alternating in opposite ranks
Scorzonera hispanica: perennial south European herb having narrow entire leaves and solitary yellow flower heads and long black edible roots shaped like carrots
Scotch gale: bog shrub of north temperate zone having bitter-tasting fragrant leaves
screw bean: spirally twisted sweet pod of screwbean mesquite that is used for fodder or ground into meal for feed
screw tree: a tree or shrub of the genus Helicteres
scrub oak: any of various chiefly American small shrubby oaks often a dominant form on thin dry soils sometimes forming dense thickets
Scutellaria lateriflora: an American mint that yields a resinous exudate used especially formerly as an antispasmodic
seashore mallow: any of various plants of the genus Kosteletzya predominantly of coastal habitats; grown for their flowers that resemble hibiscus
seaside centaury: a variety of centaury found at the seaside
Secale cereale: hardy annual cereal grass widely cultivated in northern Europe where its grain is the chief ingredient of black bread and in North America for forage and soil improvement
second growth: a second growth of trees covering an area where the original stand was destroyed by fire or cutting
sedge: grasslike or rushlike plant growing in wet places having solid stems, narrow grasslike leaves and spikelets of inconspicuous flowers
sedum: any of various plants of the genus Sedum
Sedum acre: mossy European creeping sedum with yellow flowers; widely introduced as a ground cover
Sedum rosea: Eurasian mountain plant with fleshy pink-tipped leaves and a cluster of yellow flowers
Sedum telephium: perennial northern temperate plant with toothed leaves and heads of small purplish-white flowers
seed: a small hard fruit
seed: a mature fertilized plant ovule consisting of an embryo and its food source and having a protective coat or testa
seedling: young plant or tree grown from a seed
Selaginella apoda: spikemoss forming dense mats; eastern North America
Selaginella eatonii: occurs widely in Florida
Selaginella eremophila: prostrate spikemoss; California
Selaginella lepidophylla: densely tufted fern ally of southwestern United States to Peru; curls up in a tight ball when dry and expands and grows under moist conditions
Selaginella rupestris: tufted spikemoss forming loose spreading mats; eastern North America
Selenicereus grandiflorus: tropical American climbing cactus having triangular branches; often cultivated for its large showy night-blooming flowers followed by yellow red-streaked fruits
semi-climber: a plant that tends to climb and on occasion can grow like a vine
Seneca snakeroot: eastern North American plant having a terminal cluster of small white flowers and medicinal roots
Senecio aureus: weedy herb of the eastern United States to Texas having golden-yellow flowers; sometimes becomes invasive; sometimes placed in genus Senecio
Senecio bigelovii: plant with erect leafy stems bearing clusters of rayless yellow flower heads on bent individual stalks; moist regions of southwestern United States
Senecio doublasii: bluish-green bushy leafy plant covered with close white wool and bearing branched clusters of yellow flower heads; southwestern United States; toxic to range livestock
Senecio glabellus: American ragwort with yellow flowers
Senecio jacobaea: widespread European weed having yellow daisylike flowers; sometimes an obnoxious weed and toxic to cattle if consumed in quantity
Senecio milkanioides: South African succulent evergreen twining climber with yellow flowers grown primarily as a houseplant for its foliage; sometimes placed in genus Senecio
Senecio triangularis: perennial with sharply toothed triangular leaves on leafy stems bearing a cluster of yellow flower heads; moist places in mountains of western North America
Senecio vulgaris: Eurasian weed with heads of small yellow flowers
senega: dried root of two plants of the genus Polygala containing an irritating saponin
senna: any of various plants of the genus Senna having pinnately compound leaves and showy usually yellow flowers; many are used medicinally
Senna obtusifolia: cosmopolitan tropical herb or subshrub with yellow flowers and slender curved pods; a weed; sometimes placed in genus Cassia
sepal: one of the green parts that form the calyx of a flower
Septobasidium pseudopedicellatum: fungus that frequently encircles twigs and branches of various trees especially citrus trees in southern United States
septum: a partition or wall especially in an ovary
Sequoia sempervirens: lofty evergreen of United States coastal foothills from Oregon to Big Sur; it flourishes in wet, rainy, foggy habitats
Sequoiadendron giganteum: extremely lofty evergreen of southern end of western foothills of Sierra Nevada in California; largest living organism
Serenoa repens: small hardy clump-forming spiny palm of southern United States
Seriphidium canum: low much-branched perennial of western United States having silvery leaves; an important browse and shelter plant
Seriphidium maritimum: plants of western and northern European coasts
Seriphidium tridentatum: aromatic shrub of arid regions of western North America having hoary leaves
serrate leaf: a leaf having a margin notched like a saw with teeth pointing toward the apex
Serratula tinctoria: European perennial whose serrate leaves yield a yellow dye
Sesamum indicum: East Indian annual erect herb; source of sesame seed or benniseed and sesame oil
sesbania: any of various plants of the genus Sesbania having pinnate leaves and large showy pea-like flowers
Sesbania grandiflora: a softwood tree with lax racemes of usually red or pink flowers; tropical Australia and Asia; naturalized in southern Florida and West Indies
seta: stalk of a moss capsule
Setaria glauca: common weedy and bristly grass found in nearly all temperate areas
Setaria italica rubrofructa: millet having orange to reddish grains in long bristly spikes
Setaria italica stramineofructa: millet having yellow grains in large drooping spikes
Setaria viridis: European foxtail naturalized in North America; often a troublesome weed
shade tree: a tree planted or valued chiefly for its shade from sunlight
shallot: aggregate bulb of the multiplier onion
she-oak: any of several Australian trees of the genus Casuarina
shell: the hard usually fibrous outer layer of some fruits especially nuts
shell bean: a bean plant grown primarily for its edible seed rather than its pod
shittah: source of a wood mentioned frequently in the Bible; probably a species of genus Acacia
shittimwood: wood of the shittah tree used to make the ark of the Hebrew Tabernacle
shoestring fungus: any of several fungi of the genus Armillaria that form brown stringy rhizomorphs and cause destructive rot of the roots of some trees such as apples or maples
shoot: a new branch
Shorea teysmanniana: valuable Philippine timber tree
Short's aster: perennial of southeastern United States having usually blue flowers
shortgrass: any of various grasses that are short and can tolerate drought conditions; common on the dry upland plains just east of the Rocky Mountains
shortia: any plant of the genus Shortia; evergreen perennial herbs with smooth leathery basal leaves and showy white solitary flowers
Shortia galacifolia: plant of southeastern United States having solitary white funnel-shaped flowers flushed with pink and large glossy green leaves that turn bronze-red in fall
showy goldenrod: a variety of goldenrod
shrubby St John's wort: stiff shrub having oblong entire leaves and dense cymes of yellow flowers
shrublet: dwarf shrub
shumac: a shrub or tree of the genus Rhus (usually limited to the non-poisonous members of the genus)
Siberian crab apple: Asian wild crab apple cultivated in many varieties for it small acid usually red fruit used for preserving
Siberian elm: fast-growing shrubby Asian tree naturalized in United States for shelter or ornament
Siberian spruce: tall spruce of northern Europe and Asia; resembles Norway spruce
sickleweed golden aster: a variety of golden aster
Sida hermaphrodita: tall handsome perennial herb of southeastern United States having maplelike leaves and white flowers
Sida rhombifolia: herb widely distributed in tropics and subtropics used for forage and medicinally as a demulcent and having a fine soft bast stronger than jute; sometimes an aggressive weed
Sidalcea malviflora: perennial purple-flowered wild mallow of western North America that is also cultivated
sieve tube: tube formed by cells joined end-to-end through which nutrients flow in flowering plants and brown algae
Silene acaulis: tuft- or mat-forming dwarf perennial of Arctic regions of western and central Europe and North America
Silene caroliniana: perennial of eastern and central North America having short-stalked pink or white flowers in hairy clusters
Silene latifolia: bluish-green herb having sticky stems and clusters of large evening-opening white flowers with much-inflated calyx; sometimes placed in genus Lychnis
Silene virginica: perennial herb of eastern North America, having red flowers with narrow notched petals
Silene vulgaris: perennial of Arctic Europe having large white flowers with inflated calyx
silicle: short broad silique occurring in some cruciferous plants
siliqua: narrow elongated seed capsule peculiar to the family Cruciferae
silk oak: any of several Australian timber trees having usually fernlike foliage and mottled wood used in cabinetry and veneering
Silphium laciniatum: North American perennial having a resinous odor and yellow flowers
silver ash: any of various timber trees of the genus Flindersia
silver bell: any of various deciduous trees of the genus Halesia having white bell-shaped flowers
silver fir: any of various true firs having leaves white or silvery white beneath
silver grass: of Australia and New Zealand
silver quandong: pale easily worked timber from the quandong tree
silverweed: any of various twining shrubs of the genus Argyreia having silvery leaves and showy purple flowers
Simarouba amara: tree of the Amazon valley yielding a light brittle timber locally regarded as resistant to insect attack
Simarouba glauca: medium to large tree of tropical North and South America having odd-pinnate leaves and long panicles of small pale yellow flowers followed by scarlet fruits
simple: any herbaceous plant having medicinal properties
simple leaf: a leaf that is not divided into parts
simple pistil: consists of one carpel
Sinapis arvensis: weedy Eurasian plant often a pest in grain fields
Sinningia speciosa: South American herb cultivated in many varieties as a houseplant for its large handsome leaves and large variously colored bell-shaped flowers
Sison amomum: a slender roadside herb of western Europe and Mediterranean areas that has foliage resembling parsley and has white flowers with aromatic seeds
Sisymbrium barbarea: noxious cress with yellow flowers; sometimes placed in genus Sisymbrium
Sisymbrium officinale: stiffly branching Old World annual with pale yellow flowers; widely naturalized in North America; formerly used medicinally
Sisymbrium tanacetifolia: perennial stellate and hairy herb with small yellow flowers of mountains of southern Europe; sometimes placed in genus Sisymbrium
Sium latifolium: large stout white-flowered perennial found wild in shallow fresh water; Europe
Sium sisarum: an Asiatic herb cultivated in Europe for its sweet edible tuberous root
Sium suave: stout white-flowered perennial found wild in shallow fresh water; northern United States and Asia
sleeping hibiscus: any of various plants of the genus Malvaviscus having brilliant bell-shaped drooping flowers like incompletely opened hibiscus flowers
slender centaury: a slender variety of centaury
slender knapweed: a variety of knapweed
slime mold: a naked mass of protoplasm having characteristics of both plants and animals; sometimes classified as protoctists
slime mushroom: a mushroom of the genus Amanita
slipper plant: any of several tropical American shrubby succulent plants resembling cacti but having foot-shaped bracts
Sloanea jamaicensis: West Indian timber tree having very hard wood
small white aster: a variety of aster
Smilax aspera: creeping or climbing evergreen having spiny zigzag stems with shiny leaves and racemes of pale-green flowers; Canary Islands to southern Europe and Ethiopia and India
Smilax rotundifolia: a very prickly woody vine of the eastern United States growing in tangled masses having tough round stems with shiny leathery leaves and small greenish flowers followed by clusters of inedible shiny black berries
smoke bush: any of various shrubs of the genus Conospermum with panicles of mostly white woolly flowers
smoke bush: any of several shrubs or shrubby trees of the genus Cotinus
smooth aster: a variety of aster
smooth winterberry holly: a holly shrub
smoothbark: any of several Australian eucalypts having the bark smooth except at or near the base of the trunk
smut: any fungus of the order Ustilaginales
Smyrnium olusatrum: European herb somewhat resembling celery widely naturalized in Britain coastal regions and often cultivated as a potherb
snag: a dead tree that is still standing, usually in an undisturbed forest
snap pea: variety of pea plant producing peas having crisp rounded edible pods
snapdragon: a garden plant of the genus Antirrhinum having showy white or yellow or crimson flowers resembling the face of a dragon
sneezeweed: any of various plants of the genus Helenium characteristically causing sneezing
snow pea: variety of pea plant producing peas having thin flat edible pods
soapberry vine: tendril-climbing vine
soapberry: a tree of the genus Sapindus whose fruit is rich in saponin
sobralia: any of various showy orchids of the genus Sobralia having leafy stems and bright-colored solitary or racemose flowers similar to those of genus Cattleya
soft wheat: wheat with soft starch kernels used in pastry and breakfast cereals
Solandra guttata: Mexican evergreen climbing plant having large solitary funnel-shaped fragrant yellow flowers with purple-brown ridges in the throat
Solanopteris bifrons: small epiphytic fern of South America with tuberous swellings along rhizomes
Solanum aviculare: Australian annual sometimes cultivated for its racemes of purple flowers and edible yellow egg-shaped fruit
Solanum carolinense: coarse prickly weed having pale yellow flowers and yellow berrylike fruit; common throughout southern and eastern United States
Solanum commersonii: South American potato vine
Solanum crispum: hardy climbing shrub of Chile grown as an ornamental for its fragrant flowers; not a true potato
Solanum dulcamara: poisonous perennial Old World vine having violet flowers and oval coral-red berries; widespread weed in North America
Solanum elaeagnifolium: weedy nightshade with silvery foliage and violet or blue or white flowers; roundish berry widely used to curdle milk; central United States to South America
Solanum giganteum: woolly-stemmed biennial arborescent shrub of tropical Africa and southern Asia having silvery-white prickly branches, clusters of blue or white flowers, and bright red berries resembling holly berries
Solanum jamesii: erect or spreading perennial of southwestern United States and Mexico bearing small pale brown to cream-colored tubers resembling potatoes
Solanum jasmoides: copiously branched vine of Brazil having deciduous leaves and white flowers tinged with blue
Solanum melongena: hairy upright herb native to southeastern Asia but widely cultivated for its large glossy edible fruit commonly used as a vegetable
Solanum nigrum: Eurasian herb naturalized in America having white flowers and poisonous hairy foliage and bearing black berries that are sometimes poisonous but sometimes edible
Solanum nigrum guineese: improved garden variety of black nightshade having small edible orange or black berries
Solanum pseudocapsicum: small South American shrub cultivated as a houseplant for its abundant ornamental but poisonous red or yellow cherry-sized fruit
Solanum quitoense: small perennial shrub cultivated in uplands of South America for its edible bright orange fruits resembling tomatoes or oranges
Solanum rostratum: North American nightshade with prickly foliage and racemose yellow flowers
Solanum tuberosum: annual native to South America having underground stolons bearing edible starchy tubers; widely cultivated as a garden vegetable; vines are poisonous
Solanum wendlandii: vine of Costa Rica sparsely armed with hooklike spines and having large lilac-blue flowers
soldier grainy club: a variety of grainy club
Soleirolia soleirolii: prostrate or creeping Corsican herb with moss-like small round short-stemmed leaves
Solenostemon scutellarioides: perennial aromatic herb of southeastern Asia having large usually bright-colored or blotched leaves and spikes of blue-violet flowers; sometimes placed in genus Solenostemon
Solidago bicolor: plant of eastern North America having creamy white flowers
Solidago canadensis: large North American goldenrod having showy clusters of yellow flowers on arching branches; often a weed
Solidago missouriensis: similar to meadow goldenrod but usually smaller
Solidago multiradiata: goldenrod similar to narrow goldenrod but having bristly hairs on edges of leaf stalks; mountainous regions of western America
Solidago nemoralis: a dyer's weed of Canada and the eastern United States having yellow flowers sometimes used in dyeing
Solidago rugosa: eastern North American herb whose yellow flowers are (or were) used in dyeing
Solidago sempervirens: vigorous showy goldenrod common along eastern coast and Gulf Coast of North America
Solidago spathulata: western American goldenrod with long narrow clusters of small yellow flowers
solitary pussytoes: a variety of pussytoes
Solomon's-seal: any of several plants of the genus Polygonatum having paired drooping yellowish-green flowers and a thick rootstock with scars shaped like Solomon's seal
Sonchus oleraceus: annual Eurasian sow thistle with soft spiny leaves and rayed yellow flower heads
Sonora gum: acidulous gum resin of the creosote bush
Sophora secundiflora: shrub or small tree having pinnate leaves poisonous to livestock and dense racemes of intensely fragrant blue flowers and red beans
Sophora tetraptera: shrub or small tree of New Zealand and Chile having pendulous racemes of tubular golden-yellow flowers; yields a hard strong wood
Sorbus domestica: medium-sized European tree resembling the rowan but bearing edible fruit
Sorbus torminalis: European tree bearing edible small speckled brown fruit
sorgho: any of several sorghums cultivated as a source of syrup
sorghum: economically important Old World tropical cereal grass
Sorghum bicolor: important for human and animal food; growth habit and stem form similar to Indian corn but having sawtooth-edged leaves
Sorghum halepense: tall perennial grass that spreads by creeping rhizomes and is grown for fodder; naturalized in southern United States where it is a serious pest on cultivated land
Sorghum vulgare caudatum: a Sudanese sorghum having exceptionally large soft white grains
Sorghum vulgare rosburghii: sorghum having slender dry stalks and small hard grains; introduced into United States from India
Sorghum vulgare technicum: tall grasses grown for the elongated stiff-branched panicle used for brooms and brushes
sorus: cluster of sporangia usually on underside of a fern frond
sorus: a spore-producing structure in certain lichens and fungi
South American staghorn: fern of Peru and Bolivia
South-African yellowwood: erect or shrubby tree of Africa having ridged dark grey bark and rigid glossy medium to long leaves
southern aster: a variety of aster
Southern crab apple: small tree or shrub of southeastern United States; cultivated as an ornamental for its rose-colored blossoms
Southern dewberry: of southern North America
soy: a source of oil; used for forage and soil improvement and as food
spadix: the fleshy axis of a spike often surrounded by a spathe
spaghetti squash: squash plant bearing oval fruit with smooth yellowish skin and tender stranded flesh resembling spaghetti
Spanish bayonet: tall yucca of the southwestern United States and Mexico having a woody stem and stiff swordlike pointed leaves and a large cluster of white flowers
Spanish cedar tree: tropical American tree yielding fragrant wood used especially for boxes
Spanish iris: bulbous iris of western Mediterranean region having usually violet-purple flowers
Spanish needles: the seed of bur marigolds
Spanish oyster plant: a golden thistle of southwestern Europe cultivated for its edible sweet roots and edible leaves and stalks; its yellow flowers are used as a substitute for saffron
Sparaxis tricolor: a showy often-cultivated plant with tawny yellow often purple-spotted flowers
Sparmannia africana: large shrub of South Africa having many conspicuously hairy branches with large hairy leaves and clusters of conspicuous white flowers
Spartina cynosuroides: tall reedlike grass common in salt meadows
Spartina pectinmata: North American cordgrass having leaves with dry membranous margins and glumes with long awns
Spartium junceum: tall thornless shrub having pale yellow flowers and flexible rushlike twigs used in basketry; of southwestern Europe and Mediterranean; naturalized in California
spathe: a conspicuous bract surrounding or subtending a spadix or other inflorescence
spatulate leaf: spatula-shaped leaf; having a broad rounded apex and narrow base
speedwell: any plant of the genus Veronica
Spergula arvensis: small European weed with whorled leaves and white flowers
Spergularia rubra: prostrate weedy herb with tiny pink flowers; widespread throughout Europe and Asia on sand dunes and heath and coastal cliffs; naturalized in eastern North America
Sphacelotheca reiliana: smut fungus attacking heads of corn or sorghum and causing a covered smut
Sphaeralcea coccinea: false mallow of western United States having racemose red flowers; sometimes placed in genus Malvastrum
Sphaeralcea remota: a rare mallow found only in Illinois resembling the common hollyhock and having pale rose-mauve flowers; sometimes placed in genus Sphaeralcea
spice tree: tree bearing aromatic bark or berries
spider orchid: any of several European orchids of the genus Ophrys
spike: (botany) an indeterminate inflorescence bearing sessile flowers on an unbranched axis
spike lavender oil: pale yellow essential oil obtained from spike lavender used in scenting soaps and cosmetics
spike rush: a sedge of the genus Eleocharis
Spinacia oleracea: southwestern Asian plant widely cultivated for its succulent edible dark green leaves
spindle tree: any shrubby trees or woody vines of the genus Euonymus having showy usually reddish berries
spiraea: any rosaceous plant of the genus Spiraea; has sprays of small white or pink flowers
Spiranthes cernua: an orchid of the genus Spiranthes having tall erect densely flowered spiraling clusters of creamy white vanilla-scented flowers; widely distributed especially in low damp places of eastern and central North America
Spiranthes porrifolia: similar to Spiranthes romanzoffiana; western United States
Spiranthes romanzoffiana: orchid having dense clusters of gently spiraling creamy white flowers with 2 upper petals forming a hood; western North America
Spirodela polyrrhiza: cosmopolitan except South America and New Zealand and some oceanic islands
spleenwort: any of various chiefly rock-inhabiting ferns of the genus Asplenium
Spondias mombin: tropical American tree having edible yellow fruit
Spondias purpurea: common tropical American shrub or small tree with purplish fruit
sporangiophore: stalk bearing one or more sporangia
sporangium: organ containing or producing spores
spore: a small usually single-celled asexual reproductive body produced by many nonflowering plants and fungi and some bacteria and protozoans and that are capable of developing into a new individual without sexual fusion
spore case: specialized leaf branch in certain aquatic ferns that encloses the sori or clusters of sporangia
spore mother cell: cell from which a spore develops
Sporobolus cryptandrus: erect smooth grass of sandy places in eastern North America
Sporobolus poiretii: grass native to West Indies but common in southern United States having tufted wiry stems often infested with a dark fungus
sporophore: a spore-bearing branch or organ: the part of the thallus of a sporophyte that develops spores; in ferns and mosses and liverworts is practically equivalent to the sporophyte
sporophyl: leaf in ferns and mosses that bears the sporangia
sporophyte: the spore-producing individual or phase in the life cycle of a plant having alternation of generations
spotted cowbane: tall biennial water hemlock of northeastern North America having purple-spotted stems and clusters of extremely poisonous tuberous roots resembling small sweet potatoes
sprout: any new growth of a plant such as a new branch or a bud
spruce: any coniferous tree of the genus Picea
spruce: light soft moderately strong wood of spruce trees; used especially for timbers and millwork
spur: tubular extension at the base of the corolla in some flowers
spurge: any of numerous plants of the genus Euphorbia; usually having milky often poisonous juice
spurred gentian: any of various plants of the genus Halenia having flowers with spurred lobes
squamule: a minute scale
squash: any of numerous annual trailing plants of the genus Cucurbita grown for their fleshy edible fruits
squill: bulb of the sea squill, which is sliced, dried, and used as an expectorant
St John's wort: any of numerous plants of the genus Hypericum having yellow flowers and transparently dotted leaves; traditionally gathered on St John's eve to ward off evil
St John's wort family: widely distributed family of chiefly tropical trees and shrubs and vines that produce oils and resins and some usable timber
St. Barbara's herb: any plant of the genus Barbarea: yellow-flowered Eurasian cresses; widely cultivated for winter salad
Stachys palustris: perennial herb with an odorless rhizome widespread in moist places in northern hemisphere
Stachys sylvatica: foul-smelling perennial Eurasiatic herb with a green creeping rhizome
staff tree: any small tree or twining shrub of the genus Celastrus
staghorn fern: any of various tropical ferns of the genus Platycerium having large flat lobed fronds often resembling the antlers of a stag
stalk: a slender or elongated structure that supports a plant or fungus or a plant part or plant organ
stalked puffball: a variety of Podaxaceae
stalked puffball: mushroom of the genus Tulostoma that resembles a puffball
stamen: the male reproductive organ of a flower
stanhopea: any of various orchids of the genus Stanhopea having a single large leaf and loose racemes of large fragrant flowers of various colors; Mexico to Brazil
Stanleya pinnata: perennial of southwestern United States having leathery blue-green pinnatifid leaves and thick plumelike spikes of yellow flowers; sometimes placed in genus Cleome
Stapelias asterias: stapelia of Cape Province having mostly dark red-brown flowers with flat starlike corollas
star grass: any plant of the genus Hypoxis having long grasslike leaves and yellow star-shaped flowers: Africa; Australia; southern Asia; North America
star-of-Bethlehem: any of several perennial plants of the genus Ornithogalum native to the Mediterranean and having star-shaped flowers
stele: the usually cylindrical central vascular portion of the axis of a vascular plant
stelis: any of various small tropical American orchids of the genus Stelis having long slender racemes of numerous small to minute flowers
Stellaria holostea: low-growing north temperate herb having small white star-shaped flowers; named for its alleged ability to ease sharp pains in the side
Stellaria media: a common low-growing annual garden weed with small white flowers; cosmopolitan; so-called because it is eaten by chickens
Stenocarpus salignus: tree or tall shrub with shiny leaves and umbels of fragrant creamy-white flowers; yields hard heavy reddish wood
Stenocarpus sinuatus: eastern Australian tree widely cultivated as a shade tree and for its glossy leaves and circular clusters of showy red to orange-scarlet flowers
Stenotaphrum secundatum: low mat-forming grass of southern United States and tropical America; grown as a lawn grass
Stephanomeria malheurensis: a small plant of Oregon resembling mustard; a threatened species
stephanotis: any of various evergreen climbing shrubs of the genus Stephanotis having fragrant waxy flowers
Stephanotis floribunda: twining woody vine of Madagascar having thick dark waxy evergreen leaves and clusters of large fragrant waxy white flowers along the stems; widely cultivated in warm regions
sterculia: any tree of the genus Sterculia
Sterculia apetala: large deciduous tree native to Panama and from which the country takes its name; having densely leafy crown and naked trunk
Sterculia foetida: large tree of Old World tropics having foul-smelling orange-red blossoms followed by red pods enclosing oil-rich seeds sometimes used as food
stevia: any plant of the genus Piqueria or the closely related genus Stevia
stevia: any plant of the genus Stevia or the closely related genus Piqueria having glutinous foliage and white or purplish flowers; Central and South America
Sticherus flabellatus: large Australasian fern with fanlike repeatedly forked fronds; sometimes placed in genus Gleichenia
stick: a small thin branch of a tree
stickweed: any of several herbaceous plants having seeds that cling to clothing
stigma: the apical end of the style where deposited pollen enters the pistil
stinging hair: a multicellular hair in plants like the stinging nettle that expels an irritating fluid
stipe: supporting stalk or stem-like structure especially of a pistil or fern frond or supporting a mushroom cap
stipule: a small leafy outgrowth at the base of a leaf or its stalk; usually occurring in pairs and soon shed
Stizolobium deeringiana: the annual woody vine of Asia having long clusters of purplish flowers and densely hairy pods; cultivated in southern United States for green manure and grazing
stock: a plant or stem onto which a graft is made; especially a plant grown specifically to provide the root part of grafted plants
Stokesia laevis: erect perennial of southeastern United States having large heads of usually blue flowers
stone cress: any Old World herb of the genus Aethionema; native of sunny limestone habitats
stonecrop: any of various northern temperate plants of the genus Sedum having fleshy leaves and red or yellow or white flowers
stool: (forestry) the stump of a tree that has been felled or headed for the production of saplings
storax: a vanilla-scented resin from various trees of the genus Styrax
strangler: an epiphytic vine or tree whose aerial roots extend down the trunk of a supporting tree and coalesce around it eventually strangling the tree
strap fern: fern with long narrow strap-shaped leaves
strawberry: any of various low perennial herbs with many runners and bearing white flowers followed by edible fruits having many small achenes scattered on the surface of an enlarged red pulpy berry
strawflower: any of various plants of the genus Helipterum
Strekelia formosissima: Mexican bulbous herb cultivated for its handsome bright red solitary flower
Strelitzia reginae: ornamental plant of tropical South Africa and South America having stalks of orange and purplish-blue flowers resembling a bird
streptocarpus: any of various plants of the genus Streptocarpus having leaves in a basal rosette and flowers like primroses
Streptosolen jamesonii: evergreen South American shrub having showy trumpet-shaped orange flowers; grown as an ornamental or houseplant
stringybark: any of several Australian eucalypts having fibrous inner bark
Strobilomyces floccopus: edible mild-tasting mushroom found in coniferous woodlands of eastern North America
stroma: the dense colorless framework of a chloroplast
stroma: a mass of fungal tissue that has spore-bearing structures embedded in it or on it
Strongylodon macrobotrys: vigorous Philippine evergreen twining liana; grown for spectacular festoons of green flowers that resemble lobster claws
strophanthus: any of various shrubs or small trees of the genus Strophanthus having whorled leaves and showy flowers of various colors in dense and corymbose clusters; some have poisonous seeds
Strophanthus kombe: plant that is a source of strophanthin
Stropharia ambigua: a gilled fungus with a long stalk and a yellow slimy cap from which fragments of the broken veil hang; gills are initially white but become dark brown as spores are released
Stropharia hornemannii: a gilled fungus with a large slimy purple or olive cap; gills become purple with age; the stalk is long and richly decorated with pieces of the white sheath that extends up to a ring
Stropharia rugoso-annulata: a large gilled fungus with a broad cap and a long stalk; the cap is dark brown; the white gills turn dark purplish brown with age; edible and choice
stump: the base part of a tree that remains standing after the tree has been felled
style: (botany) the narrow elongated part of the pistil between the ovary and the stigma
Stylomecon heterophyllum: California wild poppy with bright red flowers
Stylophorum diphyllum: perennial herb native to woodland of the eastern United States having yellow flowers
stylopodium: an enlargement at the base of the style in some Umbelliferae
Styphelia humifusum: small prostrate or ascending shrub having scarlet flowers and succulent fruit resembling cranberries; sometimes placed in genus Styphelia
Styphelia triflora: heathlike shrub of southwestern Australia grown for its sharply scented foliage and pink flowers followed by pentagonal fruit
styrax: any shrub or small tree of the genus Styrax having fragrant bell-shaped flowers that hang below the dark green foliage
Styrax obassia: small tree native to Japan
subclass Alismatidae: one of four subclasses or superorders of Monocotyledones; comprises about 500 species in 14 families of aquatic and semiaquatic herbs
subclass Arecidae: one of four subclasses or superorder of Monocotyledones; comprises about 6400 species in 5 families of trees and shrubs and terrestrial herbs and a few free-floating aquatics including: Palmae; Araceae; Pandanaceae and Lemnaceae
subclass Asteridae: a group of mostly sympetalous herbs and some trees and shrubs mostly with 2 fused carpels; contains 43 families including Campanulales; Solanaceae; Scrophulariaceae; Labiatae; Verbenaceae; Rubiaceae; Compositae; sometimes classified as a superorder
subclass Caryophyllidae: a group of families of mostly flowers having basal or central placentation and trinucleate pollen (binucleate pollen is commoner in flowering plants); contains 14 families including: Caryophyllaceae (carnations and pinks); Aizoaceae; Amaranthaceae; Batidaceae; Chenopodiaceae; Cactaceae (order Opuntiales); Nyctaginaceae; Phytolaccaceae; corresponds approximately to order Caryophyllales; sometimes classified as a superorder
subclass Commelinidae: one of four subclasses or superorders of Monocotyledones; comprises about 19,000 species in 25 families of mostly terrestrial herbs especially of moist places including: Cyperaceae; Gramineae; Bromeliaceae; and Zingiberaceae
subclass Dilleniidae: a group of families of more or less advanced trees and shrubs and herbs having either polypetalous or gamopetalous corollas and often with ovules attached to the walls of the ovary; contains 69 families including Ericaceae and Cruciferae and Malvaceae; sometimes classified as a superorder
subclass Discomycetes: a large and taxonomically difficult group of Ascomycetes in which the fleshy fruiting body is disklike or cup-shaped
subclass Euascomycetes: category not used in many classification systems
subclass Hamamelidae: a group of chiefly woody plants considered among the most primitive of angiosperms; perianth poorly developed or lacking; flowers often unisexual and often in catkins and often wind pollinated; contains 23 families including the Betulaceae and Fagaceae (includes the Amentiferae); sometimes classified as a superorder
subclass Heterobasidiomycetes: category used in some classification systems for various basidiomycetous fungi including rusts and smuts
subclass Homobasidiomycetes: category used in some classification systems for various basidiomycetous fungi including e.g. mushrooms and puffballs which are usually placed in the classes Gasteromycetes and Hymenomycetes
subclass Liliidae: one of four subclasses or superorders of Monocotyledones; comprises 17 families including: Liliaceae; Alliaceae; Amaryllidaceae; Iridaceae; Orchidaceae; Trilliaceae
subclass Magnoliidae: a group of families of trees and shrubs and herbs having well-developed perianths and apocarpous ovaries and generally regarded as the most primitive extant flowering plants; contains 36 families including Magnoliaceae and Ranunculaceae; sometimes classified as a superorder
subclass Rosidae: a group of trees and shrubs and herbs mostly with polypetalous flowers; contains 108 families including Rosaceae; Crassulaceae; Myrtaceae; Melastomaceae; Euphorbiaceae; Umbelliferae
subdivision Ascomycotina: a large subdivision of Eumycota including Hemiascomycetes and Plectomycetes and Pyrenomycetes and Discomycetes; sac fungi; in some classification systems considered a division of the kingdom Fungi
subdivision Basidiomycotina: comprises fungi bearing the spores on a basidium; includes Gasteromycetes (puffballs) and Tiliomycetes comprising the orders Ustilaginales (smuts) and Uredinales (rusts) and Hymenomycetes (mushrooms, toadstools, agarics and bracket fungi); in some classification systems considered a division of kingdom Fungi
subdivision Coniferophytina: cone-bearing gymnosperms dating from the Carboniferous period; most are substantial trees; includes the classes Pinopsida (subdivision Pinophytina) and Ginkgopsida (subdivision Ginkgophytina) and Taxopsida (subdivision Taxophytina) which in turn include the surviving orders Coniferales and Taxales (yews) and sometimes Ginkgoales as well as extinct orders such as Cordaitales (of the Carboniferous and Permian)
subdivision Cycadophytina: palmlike gymnosperms: includes the surviving order Cycadales and several extinct orders; possibly not a natural group; in some systems considered a class (Cycadopsida) and in others a subdivision (Cycadophytina or Cycadophyta)
subdivision Deuteromycotina: large and heterogeneous form division of fungi comprising forms for which no sexually reproductive stage is known
subdivision Ginkgophytina: ginkgos: in some systems classified as a class and in others as a subdivision; used in some classifications for one of five subdivisions of Gymnospermophyta
subdivision Gnetophytina: gymnospermous flowering plants; supposed link between conifers and angiosperms; in some systems classified as a class (Gnetopsida) and in others as a subdivision (Gnetophytina or Gnetophyta)
subdivision Mastigomycotina: fungi in which the spores and gametes are motile; in some systems placed in the Phycomycetes group with the Zygomycota
subdivision Pinophytina: most conifers: in some systems classified as a class (Pinopsida) and in others as a subdivision (Pinophytina); used in some classifications for one of five subdivisions of Gymnospermophyta
subdivision Pteropsida: used in former classifications to include all ferns and flowering plants and divided into the three classes Filicinae and Gymnospermae and Angiospermae
subdivision Taxophytina: yews: in some systems classified as a class (Taxopsida) and in others as a subdivision (Taxophytina) used in some classifications for one of five subdivisions of Gymnospermophyta
subdivision Zygomycotina: division of fungi having sexually produced zygospores
subfamily Acoraceae: used in some classifications for the genus Acorus which is usually assigned to Araceae
subfamily Cabombaceae: in some classifications considered an independent family of water lilies; comprises the genera Cabomba and Brasenia
subfamily Caesalpinioideae: alternative name in some classification systems for the family Caesalpiniaceae
subfamily Carpinaceae: used in some classification systems for the genera Carpinus, Ostryopsis, and Ostryopsis
subfamily Corylaceae: used in some classification systems for the genus Corylus
subfamily Dracaenaceae: one of two subfamilies to which some classification systems assign some members of the Agavaceae
subfamily Mimosoideae: alternative name used in some classification systems for the family Mimosaceae
subfamily Nelumbonaceae: in some classifications considered an independent family of water lilies; comprises the single genus Nelumbo
subfamily Papilionoideae: alternative name used in some classification systems for the family Papilionaceae
subfamily Philadelphaceae: one genus; usually included in family Hydrangeaceae
subfamily Smilacaceae: one of many subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae but not widely accepted
subfamily Taxodiaceae: coniferous trees; traditionally considered an independent family though recently included in Cupressaceae in some classification systems
subfamily Uvulariaceae: one of many subfamilies into which some classification systems subdivide the Liliaceae
subgenus Azaleastrum: group of evergreen or deciduous shrubs formerly considered a separate genus; now included in the genus Rhododendron
subgenus Calliopsis: used in some classification systems for some plants of genus Coreopsis
subgenus Poinciana: small subgenus of ornamental tropical shrubs or trees; not recognized in some classifications
subshrub: low-growing woody shrub or perennial with woody base
Subularia aquatica: small aquatic plant having tufted awl-shaped leaves in a basal rosette and minute white flowers; circumboreal
succulent: a plant adapted to arid conditions and characterized by fleshy water-storing tissues that act as water reservoirs
sucker: a shoot arising from a plant's roots
sugar beet: form of the common beet having a sweet white root from which sugar is obtained
sugar cane: juicy canes whose sap is a source of molasses and commercial sugar; fresh canes are sometimes chewed for the juice
Suillus albivelatus: a short squat edible fungus with a reddish brown cap and white stalk; fruits under pines in the spring
suksdorfia: any of several American plants of the genus Suksdorfia having orbicular to kidney-shaped somewhat succulent leaves and white or rose or violet flowers in terminal panicles
Suksdorfia violaceae: slender delicate plant with wide roundish deeply lobed leaves and deep pink to violet funnel-shaped flowers; British Columbia to northern Oregon and west to Idaho and Montana
sumac: wood of a sumac
sun pitcher: any of several herbs of Guiana highlands having racemes of nodding white or pink flowers; trap and digest insects in pitcher-shaped leaves with spoon-shaped caps
Swainsona galegifolia: erect or trailing perennial of eastern Australia having axillary racemes of blue to purple or red flowers
Swainsona grandiflora: shrubby perennial of southern Australia having downy or woolly stems and undersides of leaves and racemes of red to pink flowers
swamp fly honeysuckle: a variety of fly honeysuckle
swamp pine: any of several pines that prefer or endure moist situations such as loblolly pine or longleaf pine
swan orchid: any of several orchids of the genus Cycnoches having slender arching columns of flowers suggesting the neck of a swan
Swan River everlasting: Australian annual everlasting having light pink nodding flower heads; sometimes placed in genus Helipterum
sweet buckeye: a tall and often cultivated buckeye of the central United States
Swertia perennia: perennial of damp places in mountains of Eurasia and North America having dull-colored blue or violet flowers
Swertia speciosa: tall herb with panicles of white flowers flushed with green; northwestern United States; sometimes placed in genus Swertia
Swietinia macrophylla: an important Central American mahogany tree
Swiss mountain pine: low shrubby pine of central Europe with short bright green needles in bunches of two
Swiss stone pine: large five-needled European pine; yields cembra nuts and a resinous exudate
sword fern: any of several tropical ferns having more or less sword-shaped fronds including one from which the Boston fern developed
sword grass: any of various grasses or sedges having sword-shaped leaves with sharp edges
syconium: the fleshy multiple fruit of the fig consisting of an enlarged hollow receptacle containing numerous fruitlets
Symphoricarpos alba: deciduous shrub of western North America having spikes of pink flowers followed by round white berries
Symphoricarpos orbiculatus: North American deciduous shrub cultivated for it abundant clusters of coral-red berrylike fruits
Symphytum officinale: European herb having small white, pink or purple flowers; naturalized as a weed in North America
Symplocarpus foetidus: deciduous perennial low-growing fetid swamp plant of eastern North America having minute flowers enclosed in a mottled greenish or purple cowl-shaped spathe
Symplocus paniculata: deciduous shrub of eastern Asia bearing decorative bright blue fruit
Symplocus tinctoria: small yellowwood tree of southern United States having small fragrant white flowers; leaves and bark yield a yellow dye
Synchytrium endobioticum: fungus causing potato wart disease in potato tubers
Syringa amurensis japonica: small tree of Japan having narrow pointed leaves and creamy-white flowers
Syringa josikaea: central European upright shrub having elliptic leaves and upright clusters of lilac or deep violet flowers
Syringa persica: small densely branching Asiatic shrub having lanceolate leaves and panicles of fragrant lilac flowers
Syringa villosa: lilac of northern China having ovate leaves and profuse early summer rose-lilac flowers
Syringa vulgaris: large European lilac naturalized in North America having heart-shaped ovate leaves and large panicles of highly fragrant lilac or white flowers
Tabernaemontana divaricate: tropical shrub having glossy foliage and fragrant nocturnal flowers with crimped or wavy corollas; northern India to Thailand
Tacca leontopetaloides: perennial herb of East Indies to Polynesia and Australia; cultivated for its large edible root yielding Otaheite arrowroot starch
Talinum augustissimum: similar to Talinum aurantiacum but with narrower leaves and yellow-orange flowers; southwestern United States
Talinum aurantiacum: plant with fleshy roots and erect stems with narrow succulent leaves and one reddish-orange flower in each upper leaf axil; southwestern United States; Indians once cooked the fleshy roots
Talinum brevifolium: low plant with crowded narrow succulent leaves and fairly large deep pink axillary flowers that seem to sit on the ground; southwestern United States
Talinum calycinum: pink-flowered perennial of rocky regions of western United States
Talinum paniculatum: erect plant with tuberous roots and terminal panicles of red to yellow flowers; southwestern North America to Central America; widely introduced elsewhere
Talinum spinescens: low cushion-forming plant with rose to crimson-magenta flowers and leaf midribs that persist as spines when the leaves die; southwestern United States
tall gallberry holly: an evergreen shrub
tall goldenrod: a variety of goldenrod
tallgrass: any of various grasses that are tall and that flourish with abundant moisture
tamarillo: South American arborescent shrub having pale pink blossoms followed by egg-shaped reddish-brown edible fruit somewhat resembling a tomato in flavor
Tamarindus indica: long-lived tropical evergreen tree with a spreading crown and feathery evergreen foliage and fragrant flowers yielding hard yellowish wood and long pods with edible chocolate-colored acidic pulp
tamarisk: any shrub or small tree of the genus Tamarix having small scalelike or needle-shaped leaves and feathery racemes of small white or pinkish flowers; of mostly coastal areas with saline soil
Tamus communis: common European twining vine with tuberous roots and cordate leaves and red berries
Tanacetum camphoratum: densely hairy plant with rayless flowers; San Francisco Bay area
Tanacetum douglasii: lightly hairy rhizomatous perennial having aromatic feathery leaves and stems bearing open clusters of small buttonlike yellow flowers; sand dunes of Pacific coast of North America
Tanacetum vulgare: common perennial aromatic herb native to Eurasia having buttonlike yellow flower heads and bitter-tasting pinnate leaves sometimes used medicinally
tanbark: bark rich in tannin; bruised and cut in pieces to use for tanning; spent tanbark used as a ground covering
tangerine: a variety of mandarin orange
tangle orchid: an orchid of the genus Plectorrhiza having tangled roots and long wiry stems bearing lax racemes of small fragrant green flowers
tapa: the thin fibrous bark of the paper mulberry and Pipturus albidus
taproot: (botany) main root of a plant growing straight downward from the stem
Taraktagenos kurzii: East Indian tree with oily seeds yield chaulmoogra oil used to treat leprosy
Taraxacum kok-saghyz: perennial dandelion native to Kazakhstan cultivated for its fleshy roots that have high rubber content
Taraxacum officinale: Eurasian plant widely naturalized as a weed in North America; used as salad greens and to make wine
tare: any of several weedy vetches grown for forage
Tarrietia argyrodendron: Australian timber tree
Tartarian honeysuckle: a honeysuckle shrub of southern Russia to central Asia
tarweed: any of various resinous glandular plants of the genus Madia; of western North and South America
Taxodium ascendens: smaller than and often included in the closely related Taxodium distichum
Taxodium distichum: common cypress of southeastern United States having trunk expanded at base; found in coastal swamps and flooding river bottoms
Taxus brevifolia: small or medium irregularly branched tree of the Pacific coast of North America; yields fine hard close-grained wood
Taxus cuspidata: shrubby hardy evergreen of China and Japan having lustrous dark green foliage; cultivated in the eastern United States
Taxus floridana: small bushy yew of northern Florida having spreading branches and very narrow leaves
teak: hard strong durable yellowish-brown wood of teak trees; resistant to insects and to warping; used for furniture and in shipbuilding
teasel: any of several herbs of the genus Dipsacus native to the Old World having flower heads surrounded by spiny bracts
Tectaria cicutaria: Jamaican fern having round buttonlike bulbils
Tectaria macrodonta: fern of tropical Asia having round buttonlike bulbils
Tectona grandis: tall East Indian timber tree now planted in western Africa and tropical America for its hard durable wood
teliospore: a chlamydospore that develops in the last stage of the life cycle of the rust fungus
Tellima grandiflora: plant growing in clumps with mostly basal leaves and cream-colored or pale pink fringed flowers in several long racemes; Alaska to coastal central California and east to Idaho
Telopea Oreades: tall shrub of eastern Australia having oblanceolate to obovate leaves and red flowers in compact racemes
Telopea speciosissima: straggling shrub with narrow leaves and conspicuous red flowers in dense globular racemes
Templetonia retusa: Australian shrub having simple obovate leaves and brilliant scarlet flowers
tendril: slender stem-like structure by which some twining plants attach themselves to an object for support
tepal: an undifferentiated part of a perianth that cannot be distinguished as a sepal or a petal (as in lilies and tulips)
Tephrosia purpurea: East Indian shrub
Tephrosia virginiana: perennial subshrub of eastern North America having downy leaves yellowish and rose flowers and; source of rotenone
Terrietia trifoliolata: large tree of Australasia
Tetraclinis articulata: large coniferous evergreen tree of North Africa and Spain having flattened branches and scalelike leaves yielding a hard fragrant wood; bark yields a resin used in varnishes
Tetragonia tetragonioides: coarse sprawling Australasian plant with red or yellow flowers; cultivated for its edible young shoots and succulent leaves
Tetraneuris acaulis: perennial having tufted basal leaves and short leafless stalks each bearing a solitary yellow flower head; dry hillsides and plains of west central North America
Tetraneuris grandiflora: whitish hairy plant with featherlike leaves and a few stout stems each bearing an especially handsome solitary large yellow flower head; mountainous regions north central United States
tetrasporangium: a sporangium containing four asexual spores
tetraspore: one of the four asexual spores produced within a sporangium
Teucrium canadense: subshrub with serrate leaves and cream-colored to pink or purple flowers in spikelike racemes; North America
Teucrium chamaedrys: European perennial subshrub with red-purple or bright rose flowers with red and white spots
Teucrium marum: Mediterranean germander having small hairy leaves and reddish purple flowers; attractive to cats
Teucrium scorodonia: European germander with one-sided racemes of yellow flowers; naturalized in North America
Texas bluebonnet: closely resembles Lupinus subcarnosus; southwestern United States (Texas)
Texas snowbells: styrax of southwestern United States; a threatened species
Texas storksbill: of prairies and desert areas of southwestern United States and Mexico
Thallophyta: used only in former classifications: comprising what is now considered a heterogeneous assemblage of flowerless and seedless organisms: algae; bacteria; fungi; lichens
thallophyte: any of a group of cryptogamic organisms consisting principally of a thallus and thus showing no differentiation into stem and root and leaf
thallus: a plant body without true stems or roots or leaves or vascular system; characteristic of the thallophytes
Theobroma cacao: tropical American tree producing cacao beans
Thermopsis macrophylla: western United States bushy herb having yellow pea-like flowers
Thermopsis villosa: eastern United States bush pea
Thespesia populnea: pantropical tree of usually seacoasts sometimes cultivated as an ornamental for its rounded heart-shaped leaves and showy yellow and purple flowers; yields valuable pink to dark red close-grained wood and oil from its seeds
Thevetia neriifolia: tropical American shrub or small tree having glossy dark green leaves and fragrant saffron yellow to orange or peach- colored flowers; all parts highly poisonous
Thielavia basicola: fungus causing brown root rot in plants of the pea and potato and cucumber families
thistle: any of numerous plants of the family Compositae and especially of the genera Carduus and Cirsium and Onopordum having prickly-edged leaves
thistledown: pappus of a thistle consisting of silky featherlike hairs attached to the seed-like fruit of a thistle
Thlaspi arvense: foetid Eurasian weed having round flat pods; naturalized throughout North America
thorn apple: any of several plants of the genus Datura
thrift: any of numerous sun-loving low-growing evergreens of the genus Armeria having round heads of pink or white flowers
Thrinax microcarpa: small stocky fan palm of southern Florida and Cuba
Thrinax parviflora: small palm of southern Florida and West Indies closely resembling the silvertop palmetto
Thuja plicata: large valuable arborvitae of northwestern United States
Thujopsis dolobrata: slow-growing medium-large Japanese evergreen used as an ornamental
thyme: any of various mints of the genus Thymus
Thymus serpyllum: aromatic dwarf shrub common on banks and hillsides in Europe; naturalized in United States
Thymus vulgaris: common aromatic garden perennial native to the western Mediterranean; used in seasonings and formerly as medicine
thyrse: a dense flower cluster (as of the lilac or horse chestnut) in which the main axis is racemose and the branches are cymose
Thyrsopteris elegans: a terrestrial tree fern of South America
Tiarella cordifolia: stoloniferous white-flowered spring-blooming woodland plant
Tiarella unifoliata: plant with tiny white flowers hanging in loose clusters on leafy stems; moist woods from Alaska to central California and east to Montana
Tilia cordata: large spreading European linden with small dark green leaves; often cultivated as an ornamental
Tilia heterophylla: American basswood of the Allegheny region
Tilia tomentosa: large tree native to eastern Europe and Asia Minor having leaves with white tomentum on the under side; widely cultivated as an ornamental
Tillandsia usneoides: dense festoons of greenish-grey hairlike flexuous strands anchored to tree trunks and branches by sparse wiry roots; southeastern United States and West Indies to South America
tiller: a shoot that sprouts from the base of a grass
Tilletia caries: fungus that destroys kernels of wheat by replacing them with greasy masses of smelly spores
Tilletia foetida: similar to Tilletia caries
timber tree: any tree that is valued as a source of lumber or timber
toadstool: common name for an inedible or poisonous agaric (contrasting with the edible mushroom)
tobacco: aromatic annual or perennial herbs and shrubs
Todea barbara: fern of rain forests of tropical Australia and New Zealand and South Africa
Tofieldia pusilla: false asphodel having spikes of white flowers; of mountainous regions of Europe
Tolmiea menziesii: vigorous perennial herb with flowers in erect racemes and having young plants develop at the junction of a leaf blade and the leafstalk
tongueflower: orchid having blue to purple flowers with tongue-shaped or strap-shaped protuberances (calli) at the lip base
tooth fungus: a fungus of the family Hydnaceae
Torreya californica: California evergreen having a fruit resembling a nutmeg but with a strong turpentine flavor
Torreya taxifolia: rare small evergreen of northern Florida; its glossy green leaves have an unpleasant fetid smell when crushed
Townsendia Exscapa: dwarf tufted nearly stemless herb having a rosette of woolly leaves and large white-rayed flower heads and bristly achenes; central Canada and United States west to Arizona
Toxicodendron diversilobum: poisonous shrub of the Pacific coast of North America that causes a rash on contact
Toxicodendron quercifolium: poisonous shrub of southeastern United States causing a rash on contact
Toxicodendron radicans: climbing plant common in eastern and central United States with ternate leaves and greenish flowers followed by white berries; yields an irritating oil that causes a rash on contact
Toxicodendron vernicifluum: small Asiatic tree yielding a toxic exudate from which lacquer is obtained
Toxicodendron vernix: smooth American swamp shrub with pinnate leaves and greenish flowers followed by greenish white berries; yields an irritating oil
tracheid: long tubular cell peculiar to xylem
Trachelospermum jasminoides: evergreen Chinese woody climber with shiny dark green leaves and intensely fragrant white flowers
tracheophyte: green plant having a vascular system: ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms
tradescant's aster: a variety of aster
Tragopogon dubius: European perennial naturalized throughout United States having hollow stems with a few long narrow tapered leaves and each bearing a solitary pale yellow flower
Tragopogon porrifolius: Mediterranean biennial herb with long-stemmed heads of purple ray flowers and milky sap and long edible root; naturalized throughout United States
Tragopogon pratensis: weedy European annual with yellow flowers; naturalized in United States
Transvaal kafferboom: small semi-evergreen tree of South Africa having dense clusters of clear scarlet flowers and red seeds
Trapa bicornis: water chestnut whose spiny fruit has two rather than 4 prongs
Trapa natans: a variety of water chestnut
Trautvetteria carolinensis: tall perennial of the eastern United States having large basal leaves and white summer flowers
tree: a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms
tree fern: any of numerous usually tropical ferns having a thick woody stem or caudex and a crown of large fronds; found especially in Australia and New Zealand; chiefly of the families Cyatheaceae and Marattiaceae but some from Polypodiaceae
tree of knowledge: the biblical tree in the Garden of Eden whose forbidden fruit was tasted by Adam and Eve
treelet: a small tree
Tremella foliacea: a jelly fungus with a fruiting body 5-15 cm broad and gelatinous in consistency; resembles a bunch of leaf lettuce; mostly water and brownish in color
Tremella fuciformis: popular in China and Japan and Taiwan; gelatinous mushrooms; most are dried
Tremella lutescens: a yellow jelly fungus
Tremella reticulata: a jelly fungus with an erect whitish fruiting body and a highly variable shape (sometimes resembling coral fungi)
tribe Bambuseae: bamboos
Tribulus terestris: tropical annual procumbent poisonous subshrub having fruit that splits into five spiny nutlets; serious pasture weed
Tricholoma aurantium: an orange tan agaric whose gills become brown by maturity; has a strong odor and taste
Tricholoma flavovirens: an edible agaric with yellow gills and a viscid yellow cap that has a brownish center
Tricholoma irinum: an edible agaric with large silky white caps and thick stalks
Tricholoma pardinum: a poisonous agaric having a pale cap with fine grey fibrils
Tricholoma pessundatum: a mildly poisonous agaric with a viscid reddish brown cap and white gills and stalk
Tricholoma populinum: an edible agaric that fruits in great clusters (especially in sandy soil under cottonwood trees)
Tricholoma sejunctum: an agaric with a cap that is coated with dark fibrils in the center and has yellowish margins
Tricholoma vaccinum: an agaric with a cap that is densely covered with reddish fibrils and pale gills and stalk
Tricholoma venenata: a poisonous white agaric
Trichomanes boschianum: a variety of bristle fern
Trichomanes reniforme: large fern of New Zealand having kidney-shaped fronds
Trichomanes speciosum: large stout fern of extreme western Europe
Trichostema dichotomum: aromatic plant of the eastern United States
Trichostema lanatum: an aromatic plant with wooly leaves found in southern California and Mexico
Trichostema lanceolatum: aromatic plant of western United States
trifoliolate leaf: having three leaflets
Trifolium alpinum: European mountain clover with fragrant usually pink flowers
Trifolium dubium: clover native to Ireland with yellowish flowers; often considered the true or original shamrock
Trifolium incarnatum: southern European annual with spiky heads of crimson flower; extensively cultivated in United States for forage
Trifolium pratense: erect to decumbent short-lived perennial having red-purple to pink flowers; the most commonly grown forage clover
Trifolium repens: creeping European clover having white to pink flowers and bright green leaves; naturalized in United States; widely grown for forage
Trifolium stoloniferum: clover of western United States
Triglochin maritima: tufted perennial found in shallow water or marshland; sometimes poisons livestock
Trigonella foenumgraecum: annual herb or southern Europe and eastern Asia having off-white flowers and aromatic seeds used medicinally and in curry
Trigonella ornithopodioides: Old World herb related to fenugreek
Trilisa odoratissima: perennial of southeastern United States with leaves having the fragrance of vanilla
Trillium erectum: trillium of eastern North America having malodorous pink to purple flowers and an astringent root used in folk medicine especially to ease childbirth
Trillium recurvatum: trillium of central United States having dark purple sessile flowers
Trillium sessile: trillium of northeastern United States with sessile leaves and red or purple flowers having a pungent odor
trillium: any liliaceous plant of the genus Trillium having a whorl of three leaves at the top of the stem with a single three-petaled flower
Triostium perfoliatum: coarse weedy American perennial herb with large usually perfoliate leaves and purple or dull red flowers
Tripleurospermum inodorum: ubiquitous European annual weed with white flowers and finely divided leaves naturalized and sometimes cultivated in eastern North America; sometimes included in genus Matricaria
Tripleurospermum oreades tchihatchewii: mat-forming perennial herb of Asia Minor; sometimes included in genus Matricaria
Tripleurospermum tchihatchewii: low densely tufted perennial herb of Turkey having small white flowers; used as a ground cover in dry places; sometimes included in genus Matricaria
Triplochiton scleroxcylon: large west African tree having large palmately lobed leaves and axillary cymose panicles of small white flowers and one-winged seeds; yields soft white to pale yellow wood
Triticum aestivum: widely cultivated in temperate regions in many varieties for its commercially important grain
Triticum aestivum spelta: hardy wheat grown mostly in Europe for livestock feed
Triticum dicoccum: hard red wheat grown especially in Russia and Germany; in United States as stock feed
Triticum dicoccum dicoccoides: found wild in Palestine; held to be prototype of cultivated wheat
Triticum turgidum: wheat with hard dark-colored kernels high in gluten and used for bread and pasta; grown especially in southern Russia, North Africa, and northern central North America
Tropaeolum majus: strong-growing annual climber having large flowers of all shades of orange from orange-red to yellowish orange and seeds that are pickled and used like capers
Tropaeolum minus: annual with deep yellow flowers smaller than the common garden nasturtium
Tropaeolum peregrinum: a climber having flowers that are the color of canaries
tropical pitcher plant: any of several tropical carnivorous shrubs or woody herbs of the genus Nepenthes
true fungus: any of numerous fungi of the division Eumycota
true tulipwood: light easily worked wood of a tulip tree; used for furniture and veneer
Truncocolumella citrina: a fungus with a round yellow to orange fruiting body that is found on the surface of the ground or partially buried; has a distinctive sterile column extending into the spore-bearing tissue
Tsuga canadensis: common forest tree of the eastern United States and Canada; used especially for pulpwood
Tsuga caroliniana: medium-sized evergreen of southeastern United States having spreading branches and widely diverging cone scales
Tsuga heterophylla: tall evergreen of western North America; commercially important timber tree
Tsuga mertensiana: large evergreen of western United States; wood much harder than Canadian hemlock
tuber: a fleshy underground stem or root serving for reproductive and food storage
tuberous begonia: any of numerous begonias having large tuberous roots
tuberous plant: plant growing from a tuber
Tule tree: Mexico's most famous tree; a giant specimen of Montezuma cypress more than 2,000 years old with a girth of 165 feet at Santa Maria del Tule
tulip: any of numerous perennial bulbous herbs having linear or broadly lanceolate leaves and usually a single showy flower
Tulipa clusiana: Eurasian tulip with small flowers blotched at the base
Tulipa gesneriana: tall late blooming tulip
Tulipa suaveolens: small early blooming tulip
tulipwood: the variegated or showily striped ornamental wood of various tulipwood trees
tulipwood tree: any of various trees yielding variously colored woods similar to true tulipwood
tumbleweed: any plant that breaks away from its roots in autumn and is driven by the wind as a light rolling mass
tupelo: pale soft wood of a tupelo tree especially the water gum
tupelo: any of several gum trees of swampy areas of North America
Turk's cap-lily: lily of the eastern United States with orange to red maroon-spotted flowers
Turkish boxwood: very hard tough close-grained light yellow wood of the box (particularly the common box); used in delicate woodwork: musical instruments and inlays and engraving blocks
turnip plant: any of several widely cultivated plants having edible roots
turreae: any of numerous trees and shrubs grown for their beautiful glossy foliage and sweetly fragrant starry flowers
Turritis glabra: or genus Arabis: erect cress widely distributed throughout Europe
Tussilago alpina: rhizomatous herb with purple-red flowers suitable for groundcover; sometimes placed in genus Tussilago
Tussilago farfara: perennial herb with large rounded leaves resembling a colt's foot and yellow flowers appearing before the leaves do; native to Europe but now nearly cosmopolitan; used medicinally especially formerly
twayblade: an orchid of the genus Liparis having a pair of leaves
Typha angustifolia: reed maces of America, Europe, North Africa, Asia
Typha latifolia: tall marsh plant with cylindrical seed heads that explode when mature shedding large quantities of down; its long flat leaves are used for making mats and chair seats; of North America, Europe, Asia and North Africa
Ulex europaeus: very spiny and dense evergreen shrub with fragrant golden-yellow flowers; common throughout western Europe
Ulmus alata: North American elm having twigs and young branches with prominent corky projections
Ulmus americana: large ornamental tree with graceful gradually spreading branches common in eastern North America
Ulmus campestris sarniensis: a variety of the English elm with erect branches and broader leaves
Ulmus carpinifolia: European elm with lustrous smooth leaves used as an ornamental
Ulmus crassifolia: elm of southern United States and Mexico having spreading pendulous corky branches
Ulmus glabra: Eurasian elm often planted as a shade tree
Ulmus hollandica: any of various hybrid ornamental European shade trees ranging from dwarf to tall
Ulmus hollandica vegetata: erect vigorous hybrid ornamental elm tree
Ulmus laevis: Eurasian elm closely resembling the American elm; thrives in a moist environment
Ulmus parvifolia: small fast-growing tree native to Asia; widely grown as shelterbelts and hedges
Ulmus procera: broad spreading rough-leaved elm common throughout Europe and planted elsewhere
Ulmus rubra: North American elm having rough leaves that are red when opening; yields a hard wood
Ulmus serotina: autumn-flowering elm of southeastern United States
Ulmus thomasii: tall widely distributed elm of eastern North America
umbel: flat-topped or rounded inflorescence characteristic of the family Umbelliferae in which the individual flower stalks arise from about the same point; youngest flowers are at the center
umbellifer: any of numerous aromatic herbs of the family Umbelliferae
Umbellularia californica: Pacific coast tree having aromatic foliage and small umbellate flowers followed by olivelike fruit; yields a hard tough wood
umbrellawort: a plant of the genus Mirabilis
undershrub: a low shrub
universal veil: membrane initially completely investing the young sporophore of various mushrooms that is ruptured by growth; represented in the mature mushroom by a volva around lower part of stem and scales on upper surface of the cap
Urginea maritima: having dense spikes of small white flowers and yielding a bulb with medicinal properties
Urnula craterium: an urn-shaped discomycete with a nearly black interior
Urocystis cepulae: smut fungus causing blackish blisters on scales and leaves of onions; especially destructive to seedlings
Urocystis tritici: fungus affecting leaves and stems of wheat
ursinia: any of various plants of the genus Ursinia grown for their yellow- or orange- or white-rayed flowers
Urtica dioica: perennial Eurasian nettle established in North America having broad coarsely toothed leaves with copious stinging hairs
Urtica pipulifera: annual European nettle with stinging foliage and small clusters of green flowers
Usnea barbata: greenish grey pendulous lichen growing on trees
Ustilaginoidea virens: fungus causing green smut in rice
Ustilago maydis: a common smut attacking Indian corn causing greyish white swellings that rupture to expose a black spore mass
Uvularia grandiflora: plant of southern and southeastern United States grown for its yellow flowers that can be dried
Vaccaria pyramidata: European annual with pale rose-colored flowers; cultivated flower or self-sown grainfield weed; introduced in North America; sometimes classified as a soapwort
Vaccinium arboreum: shrub or small tree of eastern United States having black inedible berries
Vaccinium ashei: shrub of southeastern United States grown commercially especially for canning industry
Vaccinium caespitosum: low-growing tufted deciduous shrub of northern and alpine North America having pink to coral-red flowers followed by sweet blue berries
Vaccinium corymbosum: high-growing deciduous shrub of eastern North America bearing edible blueish to blackish berries with a distinct bloom; source of most cultivated blueberries
Vaccinium macrocarpon: trailing red-fruited plant
Vaccinium myrsinites: shrub of the eastern United States having shining evergreen leaves and bluish-black fruit
Vaccinium ovatum: stiff bushy evergreen shrub of western North America having sour black berries and glossy green foliage used in floral arrangements
Vaccinium oxycoccus: small red-fruited trailing cranberry of Arctic and cool regions of the northern hemisphere
Vaccinium pallidum: low deciduous shrub of the eastern United States bearing dark blue sweet berries
Vaccinium pennsylvanicum: low-growing deciduous shrub of northeastern North America having flowers in compact racemes and bearing sweet dark blue berries
Vaccinium scoparium: shrub of northwestern North America bearing red berries
Vaccinium stamineum: small branching blueberry common in marshy areas of the eastern United States having greenish or yellowish unpalatable berries reputedly eaten by deer
Vaccinium uliginosum alpinum: an evergreen shrub with leathery leaves
Vaccinium vitis-idaea: low evergreen shrub of high north temperate regions of Europe and Asia and America bearing red edible berries
valerian: a plant of the genus Valeriana having lobed or dissected leaves and cymose white or pink flowers
Valeriana officinalis: tall rhizomatous plant having very fragrant flowers and rhizomes used medicinally
Valerianella olitoria: widely cultivated as a salad crop and pot herb; often a weed
Vallisneria spiralis: submerged aquatic plant with ribbonlike leaves; Old World and Australia
vanda: any of numerous showy orchids of the genus Vanda having many large flowers in loose racemes
Vanda caerulea: famous orchid of northern India having large pale to deep lilac-blue flowers
Vangueria infausta: small deciduous tree of southern Africa having edible fruit
Vangueria madagascariensis: shrubby tree of Madagascar occasionally cultivated for its edible apple-shaped fruit
vanilla: any of numerous climbing plants of the genus Vanilla having fleshy leaves and clusters of large waxy highly fragrant white or green or topaz flowers
Vanilla planifolia: a climbing orchid bearing a podlike fruit yielding vanilla beans; widely cultivated from Florida southward throughout tropical America
vanillin: a crystalline compound found in vanilla beans and some balsam resins; used in perfumes and flavorings
vascular tissue: tissue that conducts water and nutrients through the plant body in higher plants
vegetable: any of various herbaceous plants cultivated for an edible part such as the fruit or the root of the beet or the leaf of spinach or the seeds of bean plants or the flower buds of broccoli or cauliflower
veil: a membranous covering attached to the immature fruiting body of certain mushrooms
Venus's slipper: any of various orchids of the genus Paphiopedilum having slender flower stalks bearing 1 to several waxy flowers with pouchlike lips
Verbascum blattaria: European mullein with smooth leaves and large yellow or purplish flowers; naturalized as a weed in North America
Verbascum lychnitis: densely hairy Eurasian herb with racemose white flowers; naturalized in North America
Verbascum phoeniceum: Eurasian mullein with showy purple or pink flowers
Verbascum thapsus: tall-stalked very woolly mullein with densely packed yellow flowers; ancient Greeks and Romans dipped the stalks in tallow for funeral torches
verbena: any of numerous tropical or subtropical American plants of the genus Verbena grown for their showy spikes of variously colored flowers
Verbesina helianthoides: perennial herb with yellow flowers; southern and south central United States
Verdicchio: a variety of white wine grape grown in Italy
Veronica agrestis: European plant with minute axillary blue flowers on long stalks; widely naturalized in America
Veronica americana: plant of western North America and northeastern Asia having prostrate stems with dense racemes of pale violet to lilac flowers
Veronica anagallis-aquatica: plant of wet places in Eurasia and America
Veronica arvensis: erect or procumbent blue-flowered annual found in waste places of Europe and America
Veronica beccabunga: European plant having low-lying stems with blue flowers; sparsely naturalized in North America
Veronica chamaedrys: Old World plant with axillary racemes of blue-and-white flowers
Veronica officinalis: common hairy European perennial with pale blue or lilac flowers in axillary racemes
Veronica peregrina: North American annual with small white flowers widely naturalized as a weed in South America and Europe
Veronica serpyllifolia: perennial decumbent herb having small opposite leaves and racemes of blue flowers; throughout Eurasia and the New World
Veronicastrum virginicum: a tall perennial herb having spikes of small white or purple flowers; common in eastern North America
Verpa: a morel whose fertile portion resembles a bell and is attached to the stipe only at the top
Verpa bohemica: resembles a thimble on a finger; the surface of the fertile portion is folded into wrinkles that extend from the top down; fruiting begins in spring before the leaves are out on the trees
Verpa conica: a morel with a fertile portion that has a relatively smooth surface; the stalk is fragile
verticillium: a fungus of the genus Verticillium
vetch: any of various climbing plants of the genus Vicia having pinnately compound leaves that terminate in tendrils and small variously colored flowers; includes valuable forage and soil-building plants
vetchling: any of various small plants of the genus Lathyrus; climb usually by means of tendrils
Viburnum dentatum: deciduous shrub of eastern North America having blue-black berries and tough pliant wood formerly used to make arrows
Viburnum lantana: vigorous deciduous European treelike shrub common along waysides; red berries turn black
Viburnum prunifolium: upright deciduous shrub having frosted dark-blue fruit; east and east central North America
Viburnum recognitum: closely related to southern arrow wood; grows in the eastern United States from Maine to Ohio and Georgia
Viccinium membranaceum: erect blueberry of western United States having solitary flowers and somewhat sour berries
Viccinium myrtillus: erect European blueberry having solitary flowers and blue-black berries
Vicia cracca: common perennial climber of temperate regions of Eurasia and North America having dense elongate clusters of flowers
Vicia orobus: European perennial toxic vetch
Vicia sativa: herbaceous climbing plant valuable as fodder and for soil-building
Vicia sepium: European purple-flowered with slender stems; occurs as a weed in hedges
Vicia villosa: European vetch much cultivated as forage and cover crops
Vigna unguiculata: sprawling Old World annual cultivated especially in southern United States for food and forage and green manure
Vigna unguiculata sesquipedalis: South American bean having very long succulent pods
Viminaria denudata: Australian leafless shrub resembling broom and having small yellow flowers
Vinca major: plant having variegated foliage and used for window boxes
Vinca minor: widely cultivated as a groundcover for its dark green shiny leaves and usually blue-violet flowers
Vincetoxicum hirsutum: twining vine with hairy foliage and dark purplish-brown flowers
vine: a plant with a weak stem that derives support from climbing, twining, or creeping along a surface
viola: any of the numerous plants of the genus Viola
Viola arvensis: common Old World viola with creamy often violet-tinged flowers
Viola blanda: short-stemmed violet of eastern North America having fragrant purple-veined white flowers
Viola canadensis: tall North American perennial with heart-shaped leaves and white flowers with purple streaks
Viola canina: Old World leafy-stemmed blue-flowered violet
Viola cornuta: European viola with an unusually long corolla spur
Viola ocellata: violet of Pacific coast of North America having white petals tinged with yellow and deep violet
Viola pubescens: violet of eastern North America having softly pubescent leaves and stems and clear yellow flowers with brown-purple veins
Viola reichenbachiana: common European violet that grows in woods and hedgerows
Viola rostrata: violet of eastern North America having lilac-purple flowers with a long slender spur
Viola striata: leafy-stemmed violet of eastern North America having large white or creamy flowers faintly marked with purple
Viola tricolor hortensis: large-flowered garden plant derived chiefly from the wild pansy of Europe and having velvety petals of various colors
violet: any of numerous low-growing violas with small flowers
Virgilia divaricata: fast-growing roundheaded tree with fragrant white to deep rose flowers; planted as an ornamental
Virgilia oroboides: tree with odd-pinnate leaves and racemes of fragrant pink to purple flowers
Virginia crownbeard: tall perennial herb having clusters of white flowers; the eastern United States
Virginia spring beauty: small cormous perennial grown for its low rosette of succulent foliage and racemes of pink-tinged white flowers; eastern North America
Virginia strawberry: North American wild strawberry with sweet scarlet fruit; a source of many cultivated strawberries
Virginia thimbleweed: thimbleweed of central and eastern North America
Virginian sumac: deciduous shrubby tree or eastern North America with compound leaves that turn brilliant red in fall and dense panicles of greenish yellow flowers followed by crimson acidic berries
Virginian witch hazel: common shrub of eastern North America having small yellow flowers after the leaves have fallen
Vitis labrusca: native grape of northeastern United States; origin of many cultivated varieties e.g. Concord grapes
Vitis rotundifolia: native grape of southeastern United States; origin of many cultivated varieties
Vitis vinifera: common European grape cultivated in many varieties; chief source of Old World wine and table grapes
Vittaria lineata: epiphytic fern found in lowland forests of tropical America
volva: cuplike structure around the base of the stalk of certain fungi
Volvaria bombycina: a parasite on various trees
Volvariella bombycina: a mushroom with a dry yellowish to white fibrillose cap
Volvariella volvacea: small tropical and subtropical edible mushroom having a white cap and long stem; an expensive delicacy in China and other Asian countries where it is grown commercially
wallflower: any of numerous plants of the genus Erysimum having fragrant yellow or orange or brownish flowers
walnut: hard dark-brown wood of any of various walnut trees; used especially for furniture and paneling
walnut: any of various trees of the genus Juglans
wand: a thin supple twig or rod
wasabi: a Japanese plant of the family Cruciferae with a thick green root
water lily: an aquatic plant of the family Nymphaeaceae
water milfoil: an aquatic plant of the genus Myriophyllum having feathery underwater leaves and small inconspicuous flowers
water mold: parasitic or saprobic organisms living chiefly in fresh water or moist soil
water pimpernel: a white-flowered aquatic plant of the genus Samolus
water starwort: any of several aquatic plants having a star-shaped rosette of floating leaves; America, Europe and Asia
watercress: any of several water-loving cresses
waterleaf: any of several plants of the genus Hydrophyllum
watermeal: any of various aquatic plants of the genus Wolffia; throughout warmer regions of the world
waterweed: a weedy aquatic plant of genus Elodea
wattle: any of various Australasian trees yielding slender poles suitable for wattle
wavy-leaved aster: a variety of aster
wax bean: a common bean plant grown for its edible golden pod
wax myrtle: any shrub or small tree of the genus Myrica with aromatic foliage and small wax-coated berries
waxycap: any fungus of the family Hygrophoraceae having gills that are more or less waxy in appearance
weed: any plant that crowds out cultivated plants
weeping tree broom: small shrubby tree of New Zealand having weeping branches and racemes of white to violet flowers followed by woolly indehiscent two-seeded pods
Weigela florida: deciduous shrub widely cultivated for its white or pink or red flowers
Welwitschia mirabilis: curious plant of arid regions of southwestern Africa having a yard-high and yard-wide trunk like a turnip with a deep taproot and two large persistent woody straplike leaves growing from the base; living relic of a flora long disappeared; some may be 700-5000 years old
West Indian cherry: tropical American shrub bearing edible acid red fruit resembling cherries
West Indian jasmine: tall sparingly branched conical tree having large fragrant yellow flowers with white centers
West Indian satinwood: West Indian tree with smooth lustrous and slightly oily wood
West Indian snowberry: evergreen climbing shrub of southern Florida and West Indies grown for its racemes of fragrant white to creamy flowers followed by globose white succulent berries
Western Australia coral pea: vigorous climber of the forests of western Australia; grown for their dense racemes of attractive bright rose-purple flowers
Western balsam poplar: cottonwood of western North America with dark green leaves shining above and rusty or silvery beneath
Western honey mesquite: thorny deep-rooted drought-resistant shrub native to southwestern United States and Mexico bearing pods rich in sugar and important as livestock feed; tends to form extensive thickets
Western mountain ash: an ash of the western coast of North America
Western paper birch: birch of western United States resembling the paper birch but having brownish bark
Western silvery aster: a variety of aster
wheat: annual or biennial grass having erect flower spikes and light brown grains
wheat berry: a grain of wheat
wheatgrass: a grass of the genus Agropyron
whisk fern: chiefly tropical clump-forming plants of skeletal appearance resembling whisk brooms; lacking roots
white oak: any of numerous Old World and American oaks having 6 to 8 stamens in each floret, acorns that mature in one year and leaf veins that never extend beyond the margin of the leaf
white pine: any of several five-needled pines with white wood and smooth usually light grey bark when young; especially the eastern white pine
white pine: soft white wood of white pine trees
white rust: fungus causing a disease characterized by a white powdery mass of conidia
white slime mushroom: a type of slime mushroom
white-topped aster: herb having corymbose white-rayed flowers with scaly bracts and silky indehiscent fruits
whitlowwort: any of various low-growing tufted plants of the genus Paronychia having tiny greenish flowers and usually whorled leaves; widespread throughout warm regions of both Old and New Worlds; formerly thought to cure whitlows (suppurative infections around a fingernail)
whorled caraway: a caraway with whorled leaves
wild cherry: the fruit of the wild cherry tree
wild cherry: an uncultivated cherry tree
wild flower: wild or uncultivated flowering plant
wild ginger: low-growing perennial herb with pungent gingery leaves and rhizomes
wild onion: any of various plants of the genus Allium with edible bulbs found growing wild
wild parsley: any of various uncultivated umbelliferous plants with foliage resembling that of carrots or parsley
wild pea: any of various plants of the family Leguminosae that usually grow like vines
wild plum: an uncultivated plum tree or shrub
wild rye: any of several grasses of the genus Elymus
wilding: a wild uncultivated plant (especially a wild apple or crabapple tree)
willow aster: a variety of aster
willow: any of numerous deciduous trees and shrubs of the genus Salix
willowherb: a plant of the genus Epilobium having pink or yellow flowers and seeds with silky hairs
wing nut: any tree of the genus Pterocarya; fruit is a small winged nutlet; Caucasus to southeastern Asia
winter squash: any of various plants of the species Cucurbita maxima and Cucurbita moschata producing squashes that have hard rinds and mature in the fall
winter urn: a common name for a variety of Sarcosomataceae
winter's bark: aromatic bark having tonic and stimulant properties
Wisconsin weeping willow: hybrid willow usually not strongly weeping in habit
wistaria: any flowering vine of the genus Wisteria
Wisteria chinensis: having deep purple flowers
Wisteria floribunda: having flowers of pink to mauve or violet-blue
Wisteria frutescens: an eastern United States native resembling the cultivated Japanese wisteria having pale purple-lilac flowers
Wisteria venusta: a wisteria of China having white flowers
witch hazel: any of several shrubs or trees of the genus Hamamelis; bark yields an astringent lotion
withe: strong flexible twig
woad: any of several herbs of the genus Isatis
Wolffia columbiana: smallest flowering plants known; of the Americas
Wolffiella gladiata: having narrow flat sickle-shaped submerged fronds; North America
Wollemi pine: newly discovered (1994) pine thought to have been long extinct; Australia; genus and species names not yet assigned
wood aster: any of several asters of eastern North America usually growing in woods
wood fern: any of various ferns of the genus Dryopteris
wood mint: American herb of genus Blephilia with more or less hairy leaves and clusters of purplish or bluish flowers
woodruff: any plant of the genus Asperula
woodsia: any fern of the genus Woodsia
Woodsia alpina: slender fern of northern North America with shining chestnut-colored stipes and bipinnate fronds with usually distinct marginal sori
Woodsia glabella: rock-inhabiting fern of Arctic and subarctic Europe to eastern Asia
Woodsia ilvensis: a common rock-inhabiting fern of northern temperate regions having rusty-brown stipes and lanceolate pinnate fronds
Woodwardia virginica: North American fern
woolly sunflower: any plant of the genus Eriophyllum
wormwood: any of several low composite herbs of the genera Artemisia or Seriphidium
wort: usually used in combination: `liverwort'; `milkwort'; `whorlywort'
Wyethia amplexicaulis: balsamic-resinous herb with clumps of lanceolate leaves and stout leafy stems ending in large deep yellow flowers on long stalks; northwestern United States
Wyethia helianthoides: herb with basal leaves and leafy hairy stems bearing solitary flower heads with white or pale cream-colored rays; northwestern United States
Wynnea americana: a fungus composed of several apothecia that look like elongated rabbit ears; the sterile surface is dark brown and warty; the fertile surface is smooth and pinkish orange
Wynnea sparassoides: a fungus with a long solid stalk embedded in soil and a yellow-brown head shaped like a cauliflower
Xanthosoma sagittifolium: tropical American aroid having edible tubers that are cooked and eaten like yams or potatoes
xeranthemum: any plant of the genus Xeranthemum native to southern Europe having chaffy or silvery flower heads with purplish tubular flowers
Xeranthemum annuum: mostly widely cultivated species of everlasting flowers having usually purple flowers; southern Europe to Iran; naturalized elsewhere
Xerophyllum tenax: plant of western North America having woody rhizomes and tufts of stiff grasslike basal leaves and spikes of creamy white flowers
Ximenesia encelioides: coarse greyish-green annual yellow-flowered herb; southwestern United States to Mexico
Xylaria mali: fungus causing black root rot in apples
Xylaria polymorpha: the fruiting bodies of the fungi of the genus Xylaria
xylem: the woody part of plants: the supporting and water-conducting tissue, consisting primarily of tracheids and vessels
Xylomelum pyriforme: tree bearing pear-shaped fruit with a thick woody epicarp
Xylopia aethiopica: tropical west African evergreen tree bearing pungent aromatic seeds used as a condiment and in folk medicine
Xylosma congestum: shrub or small tree grown as an ornamental in mild climates for its neat evergreen foliage and fragrant late flowers; native of China
Xyris operculata: of Australia
yam: edible tuber of any of several yams
yam: any of a number of tropical vines of the genus Dioscorea many having edible tuberous roots
yaupon holly: an evergreen shrub
yeast: any of various single-celled fungi that reproduce asexually by budding or division
yellow pine: hard yellowish wood of a yellow pine
yellow pine: any of various pines having yellow wood
yellow squash: any of various squash plants grown for their yellow fruits with somewhat elongated necks
yellow-eyed grass: any of several rushlike plants, especially of the pine barrens of southern United States
yellowwood: the yellow wood of any of various yellowwood trees
yellowwood: any of various trees having yellowish wood or yielding a yellow extract
yew: any of numerous evergreen trees or shrubs having red cup-shaped berries and flattened needlelike leaves
yew: wood of a yew; especially the durable fine-grained light brown or red wood of the English yew valued for cabinetwork and archery bows
yucca: any of several evergreen plants of the genus Yucca having usually tall stout stems and a terminal cluster of white flowers; warmer regions of North America
Yucca aloifolia: a stiff yucca with a short trunk; found in the southern United States and tropical America; has rigid spine-tipped leaves and clusters of white flowers
Yucca brevifolia: a large branched arborescent yucca of southwestern United States having short leaves and clustered greenish white flowers
Yucca carnerosana: arborescent yucca of southwestern United States and northern Mexico with sword-shaped leaves and white flowers
Yucca elata: tall arborescent yucca of southwestern United States
Yucca glauca: yucca of west central United States having a clump of basal grasslike leaves and a central stalk with a terminal raceme of small whitish flowers
Yucca gloriosa: yucca of southeastern United States similar to the Spanish bayonets but with shorter trunk and smoother leaves
Yucca smalliana: yucca of southern United States having a clump of basal grasslike leaves and a central stalk with a terminal raceme of small whitish flowers
zamia: any of various cycads of the genus Zamia; among the smallest and most verdant cycads
Zannichellia palustris: found in still or slow-moving fresh or brackish water; useful to oxygenate cool water ponds and aquaria
Zantedeschia aethiopica: South African plant widely cultivated for its showy pure white spathe and yellow spadix
Zantedeschia rehmanii: calla having a rose-colored spathe
Zanthoxylum americanum: small deciduous aromatic shrub (or tree) having spiny branches and yellowish flowers; eastern North America
Zanthoxylum clava-herculis: densely spiny ornamental of southeastern United States and West Indies
Zauschneria californica: shrublet of southwestern United States to Mexico having brilliant scarlet flowers
Zea mays amylacea: corn having kernels almost entirely of soft starch
Zea mays everta: corn having small ears and kernels that burst when exposed to dry heat
Zea mays indentata: corn whose kernels contain both hard and soft starch and become indented at maturity
Zea mays indurata: corn having kernels with a hard outer layer enclosing the soft endosperm
Zea mays rugosa: a corn plant developed in order to have young ears that are sweet and suitable for eating
zebrawood: handsomely striped or mottled wood of the zebrawood tree; used especially for cabinetwork
zebrawood: any of various trees or shrubs having mottled or striped wood
Zigadenus elegans: plant of western North America having grasslike leaves and greenish-white flowers
Zigadenus glaucus: plant of eastern and central North America having creamy white flowers tinged with brown or purple; poisonous especially to grazing animals
Zigadenus nuttalli: a common perennial death camas; Tennessee to Kansas to Texas
Zigadenus venenosus gramineus: plant of western North America to Mexico; poisonous especially to grazing animals
Zinfandel: small black grape grown chiefly in California; transplanted from Europe
Zingiber officinale: tropical Asian plant widely cultivated for its pungent root; source of gingerroot and powdered ginger
Zinnia acerosa: subshrub with slender woolly stems and long narrow leaves and flower heads with white rays; southern United States and northern Mexico
Zinnia grandiflora: subshrub having short leafy stems and numerous small flower heads with nearly round yellow-orange rays; Arizona south to Mexico and east to Kansas
Zizania aquatica: perennial aquatic grass of North America bearing grain used for food
Ziziphus lotus: shrubby deciduous tree of the Mediterranean region
zoospore: an asexual spore of some algae and fungi that moves by means of flagella
Zostera marina: submerged marine plant with very long narrow leaves found in abundance along North Atlantic coasts
zoysia: any of several creeping grasses of the genus Zoysia
Zygophyllum fabago: perennial shrub of the eastern Mediterranean region and southwestern Asia having flowers whose buds are used as capers
zygospore: a plant spore formed by two similar sexual cells