biology

Noun
  1. The science that studies living organisms (synset 106047178)
    associated with:
    • cell - (biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
    • culture - (biology) the growing of microorganisms in a nutrient medium (such as gelatin or agar)
    • monad - (biology) a single-celled microorganism (especially a flagellate protozoan)
    • homogeny - (biology) similarity because of common evolution
    • isomorphism, isomorphy - (biology) similarity or identity of form or shape or structure
    • heterology - (biology) the lack of correspondence of apparently similar body parts
    • valence, valency - (biology) a relative capacity to unite or react or interact as with antigens or a biological substrate
    • coarctation - (biology) a narrowing or constriction of a vessel or canal; especially a congenital narrowing of the aorta
    • spindle - (biology) tiny fibers that are seen in cell division; the fibers radiate from two poles and meet at the equator in the middle
    • meme - a cultural unit (an idea or value or pattern of behavior) that is passed from one person to another by non-genetic means (as by imitation)
    • cell doctrine, cell theory - (biology) the theory that cells form the fundamental structural and functional units of all living organisms; proposed in 1838 by Matthias Schleiden and by Theodor Schwann
    • evolutionism, theory of evolution, theory of organic evolution - (biology) a scientific theory of the origin of species of plants and animals
    • theory of inheritance - (biology) a theory of how characteristics of one generation are derived from earlier generations
    • cybernetics - (biology) the field of science concerned with processes of communication and control (especially the comparison of these processes in biological and artificial systems)
    • taxonomy - (biology) study of the general principles of scientific classification
    • dendrology - the study of wooden plants
    • cataplasia - (biology) degenerative reversion of cells or tissue to a less differentiated or more primitive form
    • subkingdom - (biology) a taxonomic group comprising a major division of a kingdom
    • variety - (biology) a taxonomic category consisting of members of a species that differ from others of the same species in minor but heritable characteristics
    • phylum - (biology) the major taxonomic group of animals and plants; contains classes
    • subphylum - (biology) a taxonomic group ranking between a phylum and a class
    • superphylum - (biology) a taxonomic group ranking between a phylum and below a class or subclass
    • class - (biology) a taxonomic group containing one or more orders
    • subclass - (biology) a taxonomic category below a class and above an order
    • superclass - (biology) a taxonomic class below a phylum and above a class
    • order - (biology) taxonomic group containing one or more families
    • suborder - (biology) taxonomic group that is a subdivision of an order
    • superorder - (biology) a taxonomic group ranking above an order and below a class or subclass
    • family - (biology) a taxonomic group containing one or more genera
    • superfamily - (biology) a taxonomic group ranking below an order but above a family
    • form family - (biology) an artificial taxonomic category for organisms of which the true relationships are obscure
    • subfamily - (biology) a taxonomic category below a family
    • tribe - (biology) a taxonomic category between a genus and a subfamily
    • genus - (biology) taxonomic group containing one or more species
    • subgenus - (biology) taxonomic group between a genus and a species
    • monotype - (biology) a taxonomic group with a single member (a single species or genus)
    • type genus - (biology) genus from which the name of a family or subfamily is formed; it is not necessarily the most representative genus but often the largest or best known or earliest described
    • form genus - (biology) an artificial taxonomic category for organisms of which the true relationships are obscure
    • species - (biology) taxonomic group whose members can interbreed
    • race, subspecies - (biology) a taxonomic group that is a division of a species; usually arises as a consequence of geographical isolation within a species
    • form, strain, var., variant - (biology) a group of organisms within a species that differ in trivial ways from similar groups
    • type - (biology) the taxonomic group whose characteristics are used to define the next higher taxon
    • type species - (biology) the species that best exemplifies the essential characteristics of the genus to which it belongs
    • division - (biology) a group of organisms forming a subdivision of a larger category
    • biologist, life scientist - (biology) a scientist who studies living organisms
    • mutant, mutation, sport, variation - (biology) an organism that has characteristics resulting from chromosomal alteration
    • organic phenomenon - (biology) a natural phenomenon involving living plants and animals
    • dehiscence - (biology) release of material by splitting open of an organ or tissue; the natural bursting open at maturity of a fruit or other reproductive body to release seeds or spores or the bursting open of a surgically closed wound
    • pleomorphism - (biology) the appearance of two or more distinctly different forms in the life cycle of some organisms
    • polymorphism - (biology) the existence of two or more forms of individuals within the same animal species (independent of sex differences)
    • dimorphism - (biology) the existence of two forms of individual within the same animal species (independent of sex differences)
    • recognition - (biology) the ability of one molecule to attach to another molecule that has a complementary shape
    • elan vital, life force, vital force, vitality - (biology) a hypothetical force (not physical or chemical) once thought by Henri Bergson to cause the evolution and development of organisms
    • accretion - (biology) growth by addition as by the adhesion of parts or particles
    • anisogamy - (biology) reproduction by the union or fusion of two differing gametes (especially differing in size)
    • apposition - (biology) growth in the thickness of a cell wall by the deposit of successive layers of material
    • breakdown, decomposition, putrefaction, rot, rotting - (biology) the process of decay caused by bacterial or fungal action
    • evolution, organic evolution, phylogenesis, phylogeny - (biology) the sequence of events involved in the evolutionary development of a species or taxonomic group of organisms
    • development, growing, growth, maturation, ontogenesis, ontogeny - (biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level
    • intussusception - (biology) growth in the surface area of a cell by the deposit of new particles between existing particles in the cell wall
    • isogamy - (biology) reproduction by the union or fusion of gametes of the same size and structure
    • osmosis - (biology, chemistry) diffusion of molecules through a semipermeable membrane from a place of higher concentration to a place of lower concentration until the concentration on both sides is equal
    • regeneration - (biology) growth anew of lost tissue or destroyed parts or organs
    • reproduction - the process of generating offspring
    • differentiation, specialisation, specialization - (biology) the structural adaptation of some body part for a particular function
    • affinity, phylogenetic relation - (biology) state of relationship between organisms or groups of organisms resulting in resemblance in structure or structural parts
    • uncus - (biology) any hook-shaped process or part
    • brachium - (biology) a branching or armlike part of an animal
    • turgor - (biology) the normal rigid state of fullness of a cell or blood vessel or capillary resulting from pressure of the contents against the wall or membrane
    • activator - (biology) any agency bringing about activation; a molecule that increases the activity of an enzyme or a protein that increases the production of a gene product in DNA transcription
    • medium - (biology) a substance in which specimens are preserved or displayed
    • multiply, procreate, reproduce - have offspring or produce more individuals of a given animal or plant
    • propagate - multiply sexually or asexually
    • vegetate - propagate asexually
    • enucleate - remove the nucleus from (a cell)
    • transform - change (a bacterial cell) into a genetically distinct cell by the introduction of DNA from another cell of the same or closely related species
    • conjugate - undergo conjugation
    • copy, replicate - reproduce or make an exact copy of
    • inhibit - limit, block, or decrease the action or function of
    • abaxial, dorsal - facing away from the axis of an organ or organism
    • adaxial, ventral - nearest to or facing toward the axis of an organ or organism
    • antrorse - bent or curved forward or upward
    • retrorse - bent or curved backward or downward
    • semiaquatic, subaquatic - partially aquatic; living or growing partly on land and partly in water
    • subaquatic, subaqueous, submerged, submersed, underwater - growing or remaining under water
    • amphibiotic, semiaquatic - having an aquatic early or larval form and a terrestrial adult form
    • sessile, stalkless - attached directly by the base; not having an intervening stalk
    • pedunculate, stalked - having or growing on or from a peduncle or stalk
    • sessile - permanently attached to a substrate; not free to move about
    • dormant, hibernating, torpid - in a condition of biological rest or suspended animation
    • glabrous - having no hair or similar growth; smooth
    • canescent, hoary - covered with fine whitish hairs or down
    • downy, puberulent, pubescent, sericeous - covered with fine soft hairs or down
    • pilary, pilose, pilous - covered with hairs especially fine soft ones
    • tomentose, tomentous - densely covered with short matted woolly hairs
    • tetramerous - having or consisting of four similar parts; tetramerous flowers
    • binuclear, binucleate, binucleated - having two nuclei
    • mononuclear, mononucleate - having only one nucleus
    • trinuclear, trinucleate, trinucleated - having three nuclei
    • formative - capable of forming new cells and tissues
    • diurnal - of or belonging to or active during the day
    • nocturnal - belonging to or active during the night
    • myrmecophilous - living symbiotically with ants
    • symbiotic - used of organisms (especially of different species) living together but not necessarily in a relation beneficial to each
    • free-living, nonparasitic, nonsymbiotic - not parasitic on another organism
    • rudimentary, vestigial - not fully developed in mature animals
    • plumate, plumed, plumose - having an ornamental plume or feathery tuft
    • acephalous - lacking a head or a clearly defined head
    • alpine - living or growing above the timber line
    • homologous - having the same evolutionary origin but not necessarily the same function
    • homologic, homological - similar in evolutionary origin but not in function
    • heterologic, heterological, heterologous - not corresponding in structure or evolutionary origin
    • analogous - corresponding in function but not in evolutionary origin
    • cernuous, drooping, nodding, pendulous, weeping - having branches or flower heads that bend downward
    • ventricose, ventricous - having a swelling on one side
    • in vivo - of a biological process occurring within a living organism
    • male - being the sex (of plant or animal) that produces gametes (spermatozoa) that perform the fertilizing function in generation
    • female - being the sex (of plant or animal) that produces fertilizable gametes (ova) from which offspring develop
    • hermaphrodite, hermaphroditic - of animal or plant; having both male female reproductive organs
    • versatile - able to move freely in all directions
    • epimorphic - characterized by incomplete metamorphosis; having the same number of body segments in successive stages
    • metamorphous - produced by metamorphosis
    • natural - functioning or occurring in a normal way; lacking abnormalities or deficiencies
    • obligate - restricted to a particular condition of life
    • facultative - able to exist under more than one set of conditions
    • lasting, persistent - retained; not shed
    • caducous, shed - shed at an early stage of development
    • labile - (chemistry, physics, biology) readily undergoing change or breakdown
    • thermolabile - (chemistry, physics, biology) readily changed or destroyed by heat
    • capitate - being abruptly enlarged and globose at the tip
    • fissiparous - reproducing by fission
    • lepidote, leprose, scabrous, scaly, scurfy - rough to the touch; covered with scales or scurf
    • differentiated - exhibiting biological specialization; adapted during development to a specific function or environment
    • generalised, generalized - not biologically differentiated or adapted to a specific function or environment
    • stabile - (chemistry, physics, biology) resistant to change
    • stomatous - having a mouth or mouthlike opening
    • astomatous, mouthless - having no mouth or mouthlike opening
    • geniculate - bent at a sharp angle
    • actinomorphic, actinomorphous - capable of division into symmetrical halves by any longitudinal plane passing through the axis
    • bilaterally symmetrical, zygomorphic, zygomorphous - capable of division into symmetrical halves by only one longitudinal plane passing through the axis
    • sympatric - (of biological species or speciation) occurring in the same or overlapping geographical areas
    • allopatric - (of biological species or speciation) occurring in areas isolated geographically from one another
    • territorial - displaying territoriality; defending a territory from intruders
    • nonterritorial - not displaying territoriality
    • compressed, flat - flattened laterally along the whole length (e.g., certain leafstalks or flatfishes)
    • depressed - flattened downward as if pressed from above or flattened along the dorsal and ventral surfaces
    • uniparous - producing only one offspring at a time
    • multiparous - producing more than one offspring at a time
    • bilocular, biloculate - divided into or containing two cells or chambers
    • adnate - of unlike parts or organs; growing closely attached
    • connate - of similar parts or organs; closely joined or united
    • alar, alary, aliform, wing-shaped - having or resembling wings
    • bacillar, bacillary - relating to or produced by or containing bacilli
    • cellular - relating to cells
    • extracellular - located or occurring outside a cell or cells
    • intercellular - located between cells
    • intracellular - located or occurring within a cell or cells
    • cenogenetic - of or relating to cenogenesis
    • palingenetic - of or relating to palingenesis
    • commensal - living in a state of commensalism
    • generic - relating to or common to or descriptive of all members of a genus
    • mental - of or relating to the chin- or liplike structure in insects and certain mollusks
    • monotypic - consisting of only one type
    • polydactyl, polydactylous - of or relating to a person (or other vertebrate) having more than the normal number of digits
    • urceolate - urn-shaped; large below and contracted toward the mouth
    • isomorphic, isomorphous - having similar appearance but genetically different
    • polymorphic, polymorphous - relating to the occurrence of more than one kind of individual (independent of sexual differences) in an interbreeding population
    • nuclear - of or relating to or constituting the nucleus of a cell
    • nucleate, nucleated - having a nucleus or occurring in the nucleus
    • bionomic, bionomical, ecologic, ecological - of or relating to the science of ecology
    • basophilic - staining readily with basic dyes
    • systematic, taxonomic, taxonomical - of or relating to taxonomy
    • saprobic - living in or being an environment rich in organic matter but lacking oxygen
    • katharobic - of living being in an oxygenated environment lacking organic matter
    • symbiotically - in a symbiotic manner
    is a type of: bioscience, life science - any of the branches of natural science dealing with the structure and behavior of living organisms
    subtypes:
    • biogeography - dealing with the geographical distribution of animals and plants
    • botany, phytology - the branch of biology that studies plants
    • cryobiology - the branch of biology that studies the effects of low temperatures on living tissues or organs or organisms
    • cytology - the branch of biology that studies the structure and function of cells
    • bionomics, ecology, environmental science - the branch of biology concerned with the relations between organisms and their environment
    • embryology - the branch of biology that studies the formation and early development of living organisms
    • astrobiology, exobiology, space biology - the branch of biology concerned with the effects of outer space on living organisms and the search for extraterrestrial life
    • forestry - the science of planting and caring for forests and the management of growing timber
    • genetic science, genetics - the branch of biology that studies heredity and variation in organisms
    • microbiology - the branch of biology that studies microorganisms and their effects on humans
    • molecular biology - the branch of biology that studies the structure and activity of macromolecules essential to life (and especially with their genetic role)
    • morphology - the branch of biology that deals with the structure of animals and plants
    • neurobiology - the branch of biology that deals with the anatomy and physiology and pathology of the nervous system
    • palaeobiology, paleobiology - a branch of paleontology that deals with the origin and growth and structure of fossil animals and plants as living organisms
    • physiology - the branch of the biological sciences dealing with the functioning of organisms
    • radiobiology - the branch of biology that studies the effects of radiation on living organisms
    • sociobiology - the branch of biology that conducts comparative studies of the social organization of animals (including human beings) with regard to its evolutionary history
    • zoological science, zoology - the branch of biology that studies animals
    same as: biological science
  2. Characteristic life processes and phenomena of living organisms (synset 111493888)
    "the biology of viruses"
    is a type of: life - the organic phenomenon that distinguishes living organisms from nonliving ones
  3. All the plant and animal life of a particular region (synset 108009551)
    is a type of: accumulation, aggregation, assemblage, collection - several things grouped together or considered as a whole
    member holonym:
    same as: biota

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