genetics

Noun
  1. The branch of biology that studies heredity and variation in organisms (synset 106085077)
    associated with:
    • transformation - (genetics) modification of a cell or bacterium by the uptake and incorporation of exogenous DNA
    • cross, crossbreeding, crossing, hybridisation, hybridization, hybridizing, interbreeding - (genetics) the act of mixing different species or varieties of animals or plants and thus to produce hybrids
    • chromosome mapping, mapping - (genetics) the process of locating genes on a chromosome
    • carrier - (genetics) an organism that possesses a recessive gene whose effect is masked by a dominant allele; the associated trait is not apparent but can be passed on to offspring
    • amphidiploid - (genetics) an organism or cell having a diploid set of chromosomes from each parent
    • diploid - (genetics) an organism or cell having the normal amount of DNA per cell; i.e., two sets of chromosomes or twice the haploid number
    • haploid - (genetics) an organism or cell having only one complete set of chromosomes
    • heteroploid - (genetics) an organism or cell having a chromosome number that is not an even multiple of the haploid chromosome number for that species
    • polyploid - (genetics) an organism or cell having more than twice the haploid number of chromosomes
    • cross, crossbreed, hybrid - (genetics) an organism that is the offspring of genetically dissimilar parents or stock; especially offspring produced by breeding plants or animals of different varieties or breeds or species
    • vector - (genetics) a virus or other agent that is used to deliver DNA to a cell
    • cosmid - (genetics) a large vector that is made from a bacteriophage and used to clone genes or gene fragments
    • character - (genetics) an attribute (structural or functional) that is determined by a gene or group of genes
    • unit character - (genetics) a character inherited on an all-or-none basis and dependent on the presence of a single gene
    • hereditary pattern, inheritance - (genetics) attributes acquired via biological heredity from the parents
    • heterosis, hybrid vigor - (genetics) the tendency of a crossbred organism to have qualities superior to those of either parent
    • gene linkage, linkage - (genetics) traits that tend to be inherited together as a consequence of an association between their genes; all of the genes of a given chromosome are linked (where one goes they all go)
    • fertilized ovum, zygote - (genetics) the diploid cell resulting from the union of a haploid spermatozoon and ovum (including the organism that develops from that cell)
    • heterozygote - (genetics) an organism having two different alleles of a particular gene and so giving rise to varying offspring
    • homozygote - (genetics) an organism having two identical alleles of a particular gene and so breeding true for the particular characteristic
    • cistron, factor, gene - (genetics) a segment of DNA that is involved in producing a polypeptide chain; it can include regions preceding and following the coding DNA as well as introns between the exons; it is considered a unit of heredity
    • allele, allelomorph - (genetics) either of a pair (or series) of alternative forms of a gene that can occupy the same locus on a particular chromosome and that control the same character
    • haplotype - (genetics) a combination of alleles (for different genes) that are located closely together on the same chromosome and that tend to be inherited together
    • xx - (genetics) normal complement of sex chromosomes in a female
    • xxx - (genetics) abnormal complement of three X chromosomes in a female
    • xxy - (genetics) abnormal complement of sex hormones in a male resulting in Klinefelter's syndrome
    • xy - (genetics) normal complement of sex hormones in a male
    • xyy - (genetics) abnormal complement of sex hormones in a male who has two Y chromosomes
    • sex chromosome - (genetics) a chromosome that determines the sex of an individual
    • mendel's law - (genetics) one of two principles of heredity formulated by Gregor Mendel on the basis of his experiments with plants; the principles were limited and modified by subsequent genetic research
    • recombination - (genetics) a combining of genes or characters different from what they were in the parents
    • chromosomal mutation, genetic mutation, mutation - (genetics) any event that changes genetic structure; any alteration in the inherited nucleic acid sequence of the genotype of an organism
    • deletion - (genetics) the loss or absence of one or more nucleotides from a chromosome
    • inversion - (genetics) a kind of mutation in which the order of the genes in a section of a chromosome is reversed
    • transposition - (genetics) a kind of mutation in which a chromosomal segment is transfered to a new position on the same or another chromosome
    • insertional mutagenesis - (genetics) a mutation caused by the insertion of exogenous DNA into a genome
    • gene mutation, point mutation - (genetics) a mutation due to an intramolecular reorganization of a gene
    • reversion - (genetics) a return to a normal phenotype (usually resulting from a second mutation)
    • saltation - (genetics) a mutation that drastically changes the phenotype of an organism or species
    • dominance - the organic phenomenon in which one of a pair of alleles present in a genotype is expressed in the phenotype and the other allele of the pair is not
    • position effect - (genetics) the effect on the expression of a gene that is produced by changing its location in a chromosome
    • polymorphism - (genetics) the genetic variation within a population that natural selection can operate on
    • single nucleotide polymorphism, snp - (genetics) genetic variation in a DNA sequence that occurs when a single nucleotide in a genome is altered; SNPs are usually considered to be point mutations that have been evolutionarily successful enough to recur in a significant proportion of the population of a species
    • expression - (genetics) the process of expressing a gene
    • meiosis, miosis, reduction division - (genetics) cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing organisms; the nucleus divides into four nuclei each containing half the chromosome number (leading to gametes in animals and spores in plants)
    • replication - (genetics) the process whereby DNA makes a copy of itself before cell division
    • segregation - (genetics) the separation of paired alleles during meiosis so that members of each pair of alleles appear in different gametes
    • transcription - (genetics) the organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA; the process whereby a base sequence of messenger RNA is synthesized on a template of complementary DNA
    • transduction - (genetics) the process of transfering genetic material from one cell to another by a plasmid or bacteriophage
    • translation - (genetics) the process whereby genetic information coded in messenger RNA directs the formation of a specific protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm
    • translocation - (genetics) an exchange of chromosome parts
    • translate - determine the amino-acid sequence of a protein during its synthesis by using information on the messenger RNA
    • dominant - (of genes) producing the same phenotype whether its allele is identical or dissimilar
    • recessive - (of genes) producing its characteristic phenotype only when its allele is identical
    • haploid, haploidic, monoploid - of a cell or organism having a single set of chromosomes
    • diploid - of a cell or organism having two sets of chromosomes or twice the haploid number
    • polyploid - of a cell or organism having more than twice the haploid number of chromosomes
    • triploid - of a cell or organism having three complete sets of chromosomes
    • homozygous - having identical alleles at corresponding chromosomal loci
    • heterozygous - having dissimilar alleles at corresponding chromosomal loci
    • monogenic - of or relating to an inheritable character that is controlled by a single pair of genes
    • polygenic - of or relating to an inheritable character that is controlled by several genes at once; of or related to or determined by polygenes
    • univalent - used of a chromosome that is not paired or united with its homologous chromosome during synapsis
    • bivalent, double - used of homologous chromosomes associated in pairs in synapsis
    • multivalent - used of the association of three or more homologous chromosomes during the first division of meiosis
    • parental - designating the generation of organisms from which hybrid offspring are produced
    • filial - designating the generation or the sequence of generations following the parental generation
    is a type of: biological science, biology - the science that studies living organisms
    subtypes:
    • cytogenetics - the branch of biology that studies the cellular aspects of heredity (especially the chromosomes)
    • genomics - the branch of genetics that studies organisms in terms of their genomes (their full DNA sequences)
    • proteomics - the branch of genetics that studies the full set of proteins encoded by a genome
    • molecular genetics - the branch of genetics concerned with the structure and activity of genetic material at the molecular level
    • pharmacogenetics - the branch of genetics that studies the genetically determined variations in responses to drugs in humans or laboratory organisms
    same as: genetic science

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