grammar

Noun
  1. The branch of linguistics that deals with syntax and morphology (and sometimes also deals with semantics) (synset 106184139)
    referred to in: linguistics - the scientific study of language
    associated with:
    • head, head word - (grammar) the word in a grammatical constituent that plays the same grammatical role as the whole constituent
    • quantifier - (grammar) a word that expresses a quantity (as `fifteen' or `many')
    • grammatical category, syntactic category - (grammar) a category of words having the same grammatical properties
    • subject - (grammar) one of the two main constituents of a sentence; the grammatical constituent about which something is predicated
    • object - (grammar) a constituent that is acted upon
    • constituent, grammatical constituent - (grammar) a word or phrase or clause forming part of a larger grammatical construction
    • clause - (grammar) an expression including a subject and predicate functioning as a part of a complex sentence
    • article - (grammar) a determiner that may indicate the specificity of reference of a noun phrase
    • modify, qualify - add a modifier to a constituent
    • parse - analyze syntactically by assigning a constituent structure to (a sentence)
    • agree - show grammatical agreement
    • active, dynamic - (used of verbs (e.g. `to run') and participial adjectives (e.g. `running' in `running water')) expressing action rather than a state of being
    • stative - (used of verbs (e.g. `be' or `own') and most participial adjectives) expressing existence or a state rather than an action
    • active - expressing that the subject of the sentence has the semantic function of actor:
    • passive - expressing that the subject of the sentence is the patient of the action denoted by the verb
    • attributive, prenominal - of adjectives; placed before the nouns they modify
    • attributive genitive - a word in the genitive case used as an attributive adjective
    • predicative - of adjectives; relating to or occurring within the predicate of a sentence
    • reflexive, self-referent - referring back to itself
    • coordinating, coordinative - serving to connect two grammatical constituents of identical construction
    • subordinating, subordinative - serving to connect a subordinate clause to a main clause
    • copulative - syntactically connecting sentences or elements of a sentence
    • contrastive - syntactically establishing a relation of contrast between sentences or elements of a sentence
    • independent, main - (of a clause) capable of standing syntactically alone as a complete sentence
    • dependent, subordinate - (of a clause) unable to stand alone syntactically as a complete sentence
    • normative, prescriptive - pertaining to giving directives or rules
    • endocentric - fulfilling the grammatical role of one of its constituents
    • exocentric - not fulfilling the same grammatical role of any of its constituents
    • finite - (of verbs) relating to forms of the verb that are limited in time by a tense and (usually) show agreement with number and person
    • infinite, non-finite, nonfinite - (of verbs) not having tense, person, or number (as a participle or gerund or infinitive)
    • illative - expressing or preceding an inference
    • qualified, restricted - restricted in meaning; (as e.g. `man' in `a tall man')
    • unrestricted - not restricted or modified in meaning
    • correlative - expressing a reciprocal or complementary relation
    • weak - (used of verbs) having standard (or regular) inflection
    • strong - of verbs not having standard (or regular) inflection
    • limiting - strictly limiting the reference of a modified word or phrase
    • nonrestrictive - not limiting the reference of a modified word or phrase
    • syndetic - connected by a conjunction
    • asyndetic - lacking conjunctions
    • transitive - designating a verb that requires a direct object to complete the meaning
    • intransitive - designating a verb that does not require or cannot take a direct object
    • aoristic - of or relating to the aorist tense
    • nominal - pertaining to a noun or to a word group that functions as a noun
    • nominative - serving as or indicating the subject of a verb and words identified with the subject of a copular verb
    • accusative, objective - serving as or indicating the object of a verb or of certain prepositions and used for certain other purposes
    • genitive, possessive - serving to express or indicate possession
    • scopal - of or relating to scope
    • future - a verb tense or other formation referring to events or states that have not yet happened
    • optative - relating to a mood of verbs in some languages
    • subjunctive - relating to a mood of verbs
    • imperative - relating to verbs in the imperative mood
    • declarative, indicative - relating to the mood of verbs that is used simple in declarative statements
    • interrogative - relating to verbs in the so-called interrogative mood
    • participial - of or relating to or consisting of participles
    • substantival - of or relating to or having the nature or function of a substantive (i.e. a noun or noun equivalent)
    • gerundial - relating to or like a gerund
    • attributively - in an attributive manner
    is a type of: descriptive linguistics - a description (at a given point in time) of a language with respect to its phonology and morphology and syntax and semantics without value judgments
    subtypes:
    • descriptive grammar - a grammar that is produced by descriptive linguistics
    • prescriptive grammar - a grammar that is produced by prescriptive linguistics
    • syntax - studies of the rules for forming admissible sentences
    • morphology - studies of the rules for forming admissible words

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