eutrophication

Noun
  1. Excessive nutrients in a lake or other body of water, usually caused by runoff of nutrients (animal waste, fertilizers, sewage) from the land, which causes a dense growth of plant life;
    The decomposition of the plants depletes the supply of oxygen, leading to the death of animal life (synset 113497793)
    "he argued that the controlling factor in eutrophication is not nitrate but phosphate"

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