physicist

1. A scientist trained in physics (synset 110447768)
   referred to in: natural philosophy, physics - the science of matter and energy and their interactions
   is a type of: scientist - a person with advanced knowledge of one or more sciences
   subtypes:

   • acoustician - a physicist who specializes in acoustics
   • astronomer, stargazer, uranologist - a physicist who studies astronomy
   • biophysicist - a physicist who applies the methods of physics to biology
   • nuclear physicist - a physicist who specializes in nuclear physics
   • charles hard townes, charles townes, townes - United States physicist who developed the laser and maser principles for producing high-intensity radiation (1915-)
   specific instances:

   • al-hasan ibn al-haytham, al-haytham, alhacen, alhazen, ibn al-haytham - an Egyptian polymath (born in Iraq) whose research in geometry and optics was influential into the 17th century; established experiments as the norm of proof in physics (died in 1040)
   • anderson, phil anderson, philip anderson, philip warren anderson - United States physicist who studied the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems (1923-)
   • appleton, edward appleton, sir edward victor appleton - English physicist remembered for his studies of the ionosphere (1892-1966)
   • archimedes - Greek mathematician and physicist noted for his work in hydrostatics and mechanics and geometry (287-212 BC)
   • arrhenius, svante august arrhenius - Swedish chemist and physicist noted for his theory of chemical dissociation (1859-1927)
   • amedeo avogadro, avogadro - Italian physicist noted for his work on gases; proposed what has come to be called Avogadro's law (1776-1856)
   • bardeen, john bardeen - United States physicist who won the Nobel prize for physics twice (1908-1991)
   • antoine henri becquerel, becquerel, henri becquerel - French physicist who discovered that rays emitted by uranium salts affect photographic plates (1852-1908)
   • bernoulli, daniel bernoulli - Swiss physicist who contributed to hydrodynamics and mathematical physics (1700-1782)
   • boltzmann, ludwig boltzmann - Austrian physicist who contributed to the kinetic theory of gases (1844-1906)
   • bertram brockhouse, brockhouse - Canadian physicist who bounced neutron beams off of atomic nuclei to study the structure of matter (1918-2003)
   • carnot, nicolas leonard sadi carnot, sadi carnot - French physicist who founded thermodynamics (1796-1832)
   • cavendish, henry cavendish - British chemist and physicist who established that water is a compound of hydrogen and oxygen and who calculated the density of the earth (1731-1810)
   • charles, jacques alexandre cesar charles, jacques charles - French physicist and author of Charles's law which anticipated Gay-Lussac's law (1746-1823)
   • charles augustin de coulomb, coulomb - French physicist famous for his discoveries in the field of electricity and magnetism; formulated Coulomb's Law (1736-1806)
   • crookes, sir william crookes, william crookes - English chemist and physicist; discovered thallium; invented the radiometer and studied cathode rays (1832-1919)
   • curie, pierre curie - French physicist; husband of Marie Curie (1859-1906)
   • dalton, john dalton - English chemist and physicist who formulated atomic theory and the law of partial pressures; gave the first description of red-green color blindness (1766-1844)
   • dewar, sir james dewar - Scottish chemist and physicist noted for his work in cryogenics and his invention of the Dewar flask (1842-1923)
   • christian johann doppler, doppler - Austrian physicist famous for his discovery of the Doppler effect (1803-1853)
   • albert einstein, einstein - physicist born in Germany who formulated the special theory of relativity and the general theory of relativity; Einstein also proposed that light consists of discrete quantized bundles of energy (later called photons) (1879-1955)
   • esaki, leo esaki - physicist honored for advances in solid state electronics (born in Japan in 1925)
   • fahrenheit, gabriel daniel fahrenheit - German physicist who invented the mercury thermometer and developed the scale of temperature that bears his name (1686-1736)
   • faraday, michael faraday - the English physicist and chemist who discovered electromagnetic induction (1791-1867)
   • fechner, gustav theodor fechner - German physicist who founded psychophysics; derived Fechner's law on the basis of early work by E. H. Weber (1801-1887)
   • foucault, jean bernard leon foucault - French physicist who determined the speed of light and showed that it travels slower in water than in air; invented the Foucault pendulum and the gyroscope (1819-1868)
   • baron jean baptiste joseph fourier, fourier, jean baptiste joseph fourier - French mathematician who developed Fourier analysis and studied the conduction of heat (1768-1830)
   • franck, james franck - United States physicist (born in Germany) who with Gustav Hertz performed an electron scattering experiment that proved the existence of the stationary energy states postulated by Niels Bohr (1882-1964)
   • augustin jean fresnel, fresnel - French physicist who invented polarized light and invented the Fresnel lens (1788-1827)
   • emil klaus julius fuchs, fuchs, klaus fuchs - British physicist who was born in Germany and fled Nazi persecution; in the 1940s he passed secret information to the USSR about the development of the atom bomb in the United States (1911-1988)
   • dennis gabor, gabor - British physicist (born in Hungary) noted for his work on holography (1900-1979)
   • gamow, george gamow - United States physicist (born in Russia) who was a proponent of the big-bang theory and who did research in radioactivity and suggested the triplet code for DNA (1904-1968)
   • gay-lussac, joseph louis gay-lussac - French chemist and physicist who first isolated boron and who formulated the law describing the behavior of gases under constant pressure (1778-1850)
   • geiger, hans geiger - German physicist who developed the Geiger counter (1882-1945)
   • gilbert, william gilbert - English court physician noted for his studies of terrestrial magnetism (1540-1603)
   • goddard, robert hutchings goddard - United States physicist who developed the first successful liquid-fueled rocket (1882-1945)
   • hawking, stephen hawking, stephen william hawking - English theoretical physicist (born in 1942)
   • heaviside, oliver heaviside - English physicist and electrical engineer who helped develop telegraphic and telephonic communications; in 1902 (independent of A. E. Kennelly) he suggested the existence of an atmospheric layer that reflects radio waves back to earth (1850-1925)
   • baron hermann ludwig ferdinand von helmholtz, helmholtz, hermann ludwig ferdinand von helmholtz, hermann von helmholtz - German physiologist and physicist (1821-1894)
   • henry, joseph henry - United States physicist who studied electromagnetic phenomena (1791-1878)
   • heinrich hertz, heinrich rudolph hertz, hertz - German physicist who was the first to produce electromagnetic waves artificially (1857-1894)
   • hess, victor franz hess, victor hess - United States physicist (born in Austria) who was a discoverer of cosmic radiation (1883-1964)
   • christiaan huygens, christian huygens, huygens - Dutch physicist who first formulated the wave theory of light (1629-1695)
   • jean-frederic joliot, jean-frederic joliot-curie, joliot, joliot-curie - French nuclear physicist who was Marie Curie's assistant and who worked with Marie Curie's daughter who he married (taking the name Joliot-Curie); he and his wife discovered how to synthesize new radioactive elements (1900-1958)
   • irene joliot-curie, joliot-curie - French physicist who (with her husband) synthesized new chemical elements (1897-1956)
   • james prescott joule, joule - English physicist who established the mechanical theory of heat and discovered the first law of thermodynamics (1818-1889)
   • alfred kastler, kastler - French physicist (1902-1984)
   • first baron kelvin, kelvin, william thompson - British physicist who invented the Kelvin scale of temperature and pioneered undersea telegraphy (1824-1907)
   • g. r. kirchhoff, gustav robert kirchhoff, kirchhoff - German physicist who with Bunsen pioneered spectrum analysis and formulated two laws governing electric networks (1824-1887)
   • landau, lev davidovich landau - Soviet physicist who worked on low temperature physics (1908-1968)
   • lenard, philipp lenard - German physicist who studied cathode rays (1862-1947)
   • gabriel lippmann, lippmann - French physicist who developed the first color photographic process (1845-1921)
   • lodge, sir oliver joseph lodge, sir oliver lodge - English physicist who studied electromagnetic radiation and was a pioneer of radiotelegraphy (1851-1940)
   • hendrik antoon lorentz, lorentz - Dutch physicist noted for work on electromagnetic theory (1853-1928)
   • ernst mach, mach - Austrian physicist and philosopher who introduced the Mach number and who founded logical positivism (1838-1916)
   • j. c. maxwell, james clerk maxwell, maxwell - Scottish physicist whose equations unified electricity and magnetism and who recognized the electromagnetic nature of light (1831-1879)
   • fritz w. meissner, meissner - German physicist (1882-1974)
   • a. a. michelson, albert abraham michelson, albert michelson, michelson - United States physicist (born in Germany) who collaborated with Morley in the Michelson-Morley experiment (1852-1931)
   • millikan, robert andrews millikan - United States physicist who isolated the electron and measured its charge (1868-1953)
   • louis eugene felix neel, neel - French physicist noted for research on magnetism (born in 1904)
   • nernst, walther hermann nernst - German physicist and chemist who formulated the third law of thermodynamics (1864-1941)
   • isaac newton, newton, sir isaac newton - English mathematician and physicist; remembered for developing the calculus and for his law of gravitation and his three laws of motion (1642-1727)
   • hans christian oersted, oersted - Danish physicist (1777-1851)
   • georg simon ohm, ohm - German physicist who formulated Ohm's law (1787-1854)
   • henri pitot, pitot - French physicist for whom the Pitot tube was named (1695-1771)
   • max karl ernst ludwig planck, max planck, planck - German physicist whose explanation of blackbody radiation in the context of quantized energy emissions initiated quantum theory (1858-1947)
   • cecil frank powell, powell - English physicist who discovered the pion (the first known meson) which is a subatomic particle involved in holding the nucleus together (1903-1969)
   • aleksandr mikjailovich prokhorov, aleksandr prokhorov, prokhorov - Russian physicist whose research into ways of moving electrons around atoms led to the development of masers and lasers for producing high-intensity radiation (1916-2002)
   • john william strutt, lord rayleigh, rayleigh, third baron rayleigh - English physicist who studied the density of gases and discovered argon; made important contributions to acoustic theory (1842-1919)
   • reaumur, rene antoine ferchault de reaumur - French physicist who invented the alcohol thermometer (1683-1757)
   • roentgen, rontgen, wilhelm konrad roentgen, wilhelm konrad rontgen - German physicist who discovered x-rays and developed roentgenography (1845-1923)
   • ernest rutherford, first baron rutherford, first baron rutherford of nelson, rutherford - British physicist (born in New Zealand) who discovered the atomic nucleus and proposed a nuclear model of the atom (1871-1937)
   • shockley, william bradford shockley, william shockley - United States physicist (born in England) who contributed to the development of the electronic transistor (1910-1989)
   • benjamin thompson, count rumford, thompson - English physicist (born in America) who studied heat and friction; experiments convinced him that heat is caused by moving particles (1753-1814)
   • joseph john thomson, sir joseph john thomson, thomson - English physicist who experimented with the conduction of electricity through gases and who discovered the electron and determined its charge and mass (1856-1940)
   • george paget thomson, sir george paget thomson, thomson - English physicist (son of Joseph John Thomson) who was a co-discoverer of the diffraction of electrons by crystals (1892-1975)
   • evangelista torricelli, torricelli - Italian physicist who invented the mercury barometer (1608-1647)
   • john tyndall, tyndall - British physicist (born in Ireland) remembered for his experiments on the transparency of gases and the absorption of radiant heat by gases and the transmission of sound through the atmosphere; he was the first person to explain why the daylight sky is blue (1820-1893)
   • james alfred van allen, van allen - United States physicist who discovered two belts of charged particles from the solar wind trapped by the Earth's magnetic field (born in 1914)
   • robert jemison van de graaff, robert van de graaff, van de graaff - United States physicist (1901-1967)
   • johannes diderik van der waals, johannes van der waals, van der waals - Dutch physicist (1837-1923)
   • john hasbrouck van vleck, john van vleck, van vleck - United States physicist (1899-1980)
   • conte alessandro giuseppe antonio anastasio volta, conte alessandro volta, count alessandro volta, volta - Italian physicist after whom the volt is named; studied electric currents and invented the voltaic pile (1745-1827)
   • weber, wilhelm eduard weber - German physicist and brother of E. H. Weber; noted for his studies of terrestrial magnetism (1804-1891)
   • steven weinberg, weinberg - United States theoretical physicist (born in 1933)
   • sir charles wheatstone, wheatstone - English physicist and inventor who devised the Wheatstone bridge (1802-1875)
   • robert woodrow wilson, wilson - United States physicist honored for his work on cosmic microwave radiation (born in 1918)
   • william hyde wollaston, wollaston - English chemist and physicist who discovered palladium and rhodium and demonstrated that static and current electricity are the same (1766-1828)
   • chen n. yang, yang chen ning - United States physicist (born in China) who collaborated with Tsung Dao Lee in disproving the principle of conservation of parity (born in 1922)
   • thomas young, young - British physicist and Egyptologist; he revived the wave theory of light and proposed a three-component theory of color vision; he also played an important role in deciphering the hieroglyphics on the Rosetta Stone (1773-1829)
   • pieter zeeman, zeeman - Dutch physicist honored for his research on the influence of magnetism on radiation which showed that light is radiated by the motion of charged particles in an atom (1865-1943)
   • vladimir kosma zworykin, zworykin - United States physicist who invented the iconoscope (1889-1982)

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