enzyme

Noun
  1. Any of several complex proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactions (synset 114757125)
    is a type of:
    • accelerator, catalyst - (chemistry) a substance that initiates or accelerates a chemical reaction without itself being affected
    • protein - any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells; consist of polymers of amino acids; essential in the diet of animals for growth and for repair of tissues; can be obtained from meat and eggs and milk and legumes
    subtypes:
    • ada, adenosine deaminase - an enzyme found in mammals that can catalyze the deamination of adenosine into inosine and ammonia
    • amylase - any of a group of proteins found in saliva and pancreatic juice and parts of plants; help convert starch to sugar
    • cholinesterase - an enzyme that hydrolyses acetylcholine (into choline and acetic acid)
    • coagulase - an enzyme that induces coagulation
    • collagenase - any enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of collagen and gelatin
    • complement - one of a series of enzymes in the blood serum that are part of the immune response
    • catalase - enzyme found in most plant and animal cells that functions as an oxidative catalyst; decomposes hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water
    • cox, cyclooxygenase - either of two related enzymes that control the production of prostaglandins and are blocked by aspirin
    • decarboxylase - any of the enzymes that hydrolize the carboxyl group
    • de-iodinase - an enzyme that removes the iodine radical
    • disaccharidase - an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of disaccharides into monosaccharides
    • elastase - a pancreatic enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of elastin
    • enterokinase - enzyme in the intestinal juice that converts inactive trypsinogen into active trypsin
    • histaminase - enzyme that acts as a catalyst in converting histidine to histamine
    • hyaluronidase, hyazyme, spreading factor - an enzyme (trade name Hyazyme) that splits hyaluronic acid and so lowers its viscosity and increases the permeability of connective tissue and the absorption of fluids
    • isomerase - an enzyme that catalyzes its substrate to an isomeric form
    • kinase - an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of a proenzyme to an active enzyme
    • lipase - an enzyme secreted in the digestive tract that catalyzes the breakdown of fats into individual fatty acids that can be absorbed into the bloodstream
    • lysozyme, muramidase - an enzyme found in saliva and sweat and tears that destroys the cell walls of certain bacteria
    • mao, monoamine oxidase - an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of many body compounds (e.g., epinephrine and norepinephrine and serotonin)
    • nitrogenase - an enzyme of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms that catalyzes the conversion of nitrogen to ammonia
    • nuclease - general term for enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of nucleic acid by cleaving chains of nucleotides into smaller units
    • oxidase - any of the enzymes that catalyze biological oxidation
    • oxidoreductase - an enzyme that catalyzes oxidation-reduction
    • papain - a proteolytic enzyme obtained from the unripe papaya; used as a meat tenderizer
    • beta-lactamase, penicillinase - enzyme produced by certain bacteria that inactivates penicillin and results in resistance to that antibiotic
    • pepsin - an enzyme produced in the stomach that splits proteins into peptones
    • pepsinogen - precursor of pepsin; stored in the stomach walls and converted to pepsin by hydrochloric acid in the stomach
    • phosphatase - any of a group of enzymes that act as a catalyst in the hydrolysis of organic phosphates
    • fibrinolysin, plasmin - an enzyme that dissolves the fibrin of blood clots
    • polymerase - an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of new DNA and RNA from an existing strand of DNA or RNA
    • peptidase, protease, proteinase, proteolytic enzyme - any enzyme that catalyzes the splitting of proteins into smaller peptide fractions and amino acids by a process known as proteolysis
    • reductase - an enzyme that catalyses the biochemical reduction of some specified substance
    • chymosin, rennin - an enzyme that occurs in gastric juice; causes milk to coagulate
    • secretase - a set of enzymes believed to snip pieces off a longer protein producing fragments of amyloid protein that bunch up and create amyloid protein plaques in brain tissue (the pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's)
    • streptodornase - an enzyme produced by some hemolytic strains of streptococcus that dissolves fibrinous secretions from infections; used medicinally (often in combination with streptokinase)
    • streptokinase - an enzyme produced by some strains of streptococcus that can liquefy blood clots by converting plasminogen to plasmin; used medicinally in some cases of myocardial infarction and pulmonary embolism
    • sod, superoxide dismutase - an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of superoxide into hydrogen peroxide and oxygen
    • telomerase - an enzyme in eukaryotic cells that can add telomeres to the ends of chromosomes after they divide
    • transferase - any of various enzymes that move a chemical group from one compound to another compound
    • trypsin - an enzyme of pancreatic origin; catalyzes the hydrolysis of proteins to smaller polypeptide units
    • urease - an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea into carbon dioxide and ammonia; is present in intestinal bacteria
    • zymase - a complex of enzymes that cause glycolysis; originally found in yeast but also present in higher organisms
    has: active site - the part of an enzyme or antibody where the chemical reaction occurs

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